EP0890653B1 - Process for manufacturing of articles from carburized or carbonitrided steel and steel for the manufacturing of said articles - Google Patents

Process for manufacturing of articles from carburized or carbonitrided steel and steel for the manufacturing of said articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0890653B1
EP0890653B1 EP98400447A EP98400447A EP0890653B1 EP 0890653 B1 EP0890653 B1 EP 0890653B1 EP 98400447 A EP98400447 A EP 98400447A EP 98400447 A EP98400447 A EP 98400447A EP 0890653 B1 EP0890653 B1 EP 0890653B1
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hrc
steel
jominy
carburized
carbonitrided
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EP0890653A1 (en
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Claude Pichard
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Ascometal SA
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Ascometal SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys

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  • the present invention relates to the manufacture of steel parts including less part of the surface is hardened by carburizing or carbonitriding, followed oil or gas quenching.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a means for manufacturing steel parts of which at least part of the surface is hardened by carburizing or carbonitriding, especially at high temperature.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a steel mechanical part according to which a blank for a steel part is produced and a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment is carried out, in particular at at least high temperature. part of the surface of the blank of the part.
  • the chemical composition of the steel of which the part is made up comprises, by weight: 0.2% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.26% 0.05% ⁇ If ⁇ 0.5% 1% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.6%.
  • the chemical composition of the steel is adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that: 45 HRC ⁇ J 3 ⁇ 50 HRC 39 HRC ⁇ J 11 ⁇ 47 HRC 31 HRC ⁇ J 25 ⁇ 40 HRC and so that the average values J 3m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that:
  • the JOMINY curve is such that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ⁇ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ⁇ 2
  • the chemical composition of the steel is such that: 0.21% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.25% 0.1% ⁇ If ⁇ 0.45% 1.1% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.5% 0.9% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 1.4% 0.09% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.26% 0% ⁇ Ni ⁇ 0.6% 0.005% ⁇ Al ⁇ 0.05% 0% ⁇ Cu ⁇ 0.3% 0% ⁇ Ti ⁇ 0.05% P ⁇ 0.03%
  • the nitrogen content of the steel is between 0.004% and 0.02%.
  • the invention also relates to a case hardening steel whose chemical composition is that which has just been indicated; this case hardening steel having a JOMINY curve such that: 45 HRC ⁇ J 3 ⁇ 50 HRC 39 HRC ⁇ J 11 ⁇ 47 HRC 31 HRC ⁇ J 25 ⁇ 40 HRC the mean values J 3m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests being such that:
  • the mean values J 7m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ⁇ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15
  • the steel may also contain up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% lead, up to 0.005% calcium, to improve machinability.
  • the rest of the composition is iron and impurities resulting from the development
  • the chemical composition is adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that: 45 HRC ⁇ J 3 ⁇ 50 HRC 39 HRC ⁇ J 11 ⁇ 47 HRC 31 HRC ⁇ J 25 ⁇ 40 HRC and so that the average values J 3m , J 7m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that:
  • the JOMINY curve is a curve which characterizes the hardenability of the steel. It is obtained by measuring the hardness along a generator of a cylindrical specimen quenched by a jet of water spraying one of its ends. The hardness measured at a distance of x mm from the sprinkled end is called J x . This test is well known to those skilled in the art. However, it has the characteristic of being naturally fairly dispersed.
  • the shape of the JOMINY curve is characterized, here, on the one hand by ranges of value for the points J 3 , J 11 and J 25 , and by the relation:
  • ⁇ 2.5 HRC which involves the means of five different tests, carried out with the same steel. More precisely, 5 identical tests are carried out successively; for each test, we measure at least the values of J 3 , J 7 , J 11 , J 15 and J 25 , we thus obtain five values for J 3 , J 7 , J 11 , J 15 and J 25 , and we calculate for each point J x , the average J xm of the five values.
  • the vertical bars are the symbol known in itself of the absolute value.
  • the relation itself combined with the relation J 3m -J 15m ⁇ 9 HRC or ⁇ 8 HRC, expresses that the JOMINY curve does not show any marked inflection.
  • the desired shape for the JOMINY curve can be refined by requiring that it satisfy at least one of the following relationships: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ⁇ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ⁇ 2
  • the copper content remains below 0.3%, the sulfur content is preferably between 0.02% and 0.1%, and it is better that it remains less than 0.09%, the aluminum content is between 0.003% and 0.06%, and it is preferable that it is between 0.005% and 0.05%.
  • the steel may also contain one or more elements taken from tellurium, selenium, lead and calcium.
  • a part according to the invention it is manufactured with a steel according to the invention a blank for a part which is cemented or carbonitrided to high temperature and soak in oil or gas, the oil can be cold, warm or hot.
  • the workpiece blank can be produced, for example, by forging and by machining.
  • parts were produced with six steels according to the invention, the chemical compositions of which were: VS mn Yes S P Or Cr MB Cu al AT 0.23 1.25 0.27 0,028 0,018 0.2 1.15 0.1 0.14 0,028 B 0.24 1.4 0.4 0.05 0.02 0.25 1.0 0.24 0.25 0.04 VS 0.21 1.35 0.15 0.07 0,025 0.35 1.25 0.18 0.2 0.01 D 0.21 1.27 0.25 0.03 0.02 0.21 1.12 0.2 0.14 0.005 E 0.23 1.27 0.27 0.031 0.014 0.197 1.1 0.214 0,137 0.016 F 0.23 1.10 0.25 0.03 0,015 0.15 1.3 0.15 0.12 0.016
  • case hardening After case hardening at 995 ° C for 10 hours and quenching in warm oil at 98 ° C, the parts did not show deformations requiring machining additional. In addition, case hardening was characterized by a content of 0.94% carbon 0.1 mm below the surface.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne la fabrication de pièces en acier dont au moins une partie de la surface est durcie par cémentation ou carbonitruration, suivi d'une trempe à l'huile ou au gaz.The present invention relates to the manufacture of steel parts including less part of the surface is hardened by carburizing or carbonitriding, followed oil or gas quenching.

De nombreuses pièces de mécaniques en acier, telles que, par exemple, les engrenages, sont durcies en surface par cémentation ou carbonitruration. Pour cela, les pièces sont maintenues dans une atmosphère riche en carbone ou en carbone et en azote à une température supérieure à 900 °C pendant quelques heures, de façon à enrichir l'acier en carbone ou en carbone et en azote sur une certaine profondeur sous la surface, par diffusion de ces éléments à partir de la surface, puis, les pièces sont trempées à l'huile froide, tiède ou chaude, ou au gaz, de façon à durcir la surface. La cémentation ou la carbonitruration peut être effectuée également à une température supérieure à 1000 °C, on dit alors qu'il s'agit d'une cémentation ou d'une carbonitruration à haute température.Many mechanical steel parts, such as, for example, gears, are hardened on the surface by carburizing or carbonitriding. For it, the parts are maintained in a carbon-rich or carbon-rich atmosphere and in nitrogen at a temperature above 900 ° C for a few hours, so enrich the steel with carbon or carbon and nitrogen to a certain depth below the surface, by diffusing these elements from the surface, then, the pieces are soaked in cold, lukewarm or hot oil, or gas, to harden the area. Case-hardening or carbonitriding can also be carried out at a temperature above 1000 ° C, we then say that it is a case hardening or high temperature carbonitriding.

Pour fabriquer de telles pièces on utilise des aciers contenant de 0,15 % à 0,35 % de carbone, alliés au chrome, ou alliés au chrome et au molybdène, ou encore, alliés au chrome et au manganèse. Cette technique qui permet d'obtenir une dureté élevée en surface et au voisinage de celle ci, et qui permet, également, d'obtenir de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques au coeur des pièces, présente cependant l'inconvénient d'engendrer des déformations pouvant conduire au rebut des pièces ou nécessitant des usinages supplémentaires coûteux.To manufacture such parts, steels containing from 0.15% to 0.35% carbon, alloyed with chromium, or alloyed with chromium and molybdenum, or again, combined with chromium and manganese. This technique which allows to obtain a high hardness on the surface and in the vicinity thereof, and which also allows to obtain good mechanical characteristics at the heart of the parts, present however the disadvantage of causing deformations which can lead to waste parts or requiring additional expensive machining.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient en proposant un moyen pour fabriquer des pièces en acier dont au moins une partie de la surface est durcie par cémentation ou par carbonitruration notamment à haute température.The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback by proposing a means for manufacturing steel parts of which at least part of the surface is hardened by carburizing or carbonitriding, especially at high temperature.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de mécanique en acier selon lequel on fabrique une ébauche de pièce en acier et on effectue un traitement de cémentation ou de carbonitruration notamment à haute température d'au moins une partie de la surface de l'ébauche de la pièce. Selon ce procédé, la composition chimique de l'acier dont est constitué la pièce, comprend, en poids : 0,2 % ≤ C ≤ 0,26 % 0,05 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,5 % 1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1,6%. 0,4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1,5% 0,08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0,27% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6% 0,003 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,06 % 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 % 0% ≤ S ≤ 0,1% P ≤ 0,03 % 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05% éventuellement, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration. De plus, la composition chimique de l'acier est ajustée pour que la courbe JOMINY de l'acier soit telle que : 45 HRC ≤ J3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J25 ≤ 40 HRC et pour que les valeurs moyennes J3m, J11m, J15m et J25m de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que : |J11m - J3m x 14 /22 - J25m x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC et, J3m - J15m ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for manufacturing a steel mechanical part according to which a blank for a steel part is produced and a carburizing or carbonitriding treatment is carried out, in particular at at least high temperature. part of the surface of the blank of the part. According to this process, the chemical composition of the steel of which the part is made up, comprises, by weight: 0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.26% 0.05% ≤ If ≤ 0.5% 1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.6%. 0.4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5% 0.08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.27% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.003% ≤ Al ≤ 0.06% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0% ≤ S ≤ 0.1% P ≤ 0.03% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05% optionally, up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% selenium, up to 0.07% lead, up to 0.005% calcium, the rest being iron and impurities resulting from development. In addition, the chemical composition of the steel is adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that: 45 HRC ≤ J 3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J 11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J 25 ≤ 40 HRC and so that the average values J 3m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - J 25m x 8/22 | ≤ 2.5 HRC and, J 3m - J 15m ≤ 9 HRC, and preferably ≤ 8 HRC

De préférence, la courbe JOMINY est telle que l'une au moins des conditions suivantes soit satisfaite : 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2,15 et: 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2 Preferably, the JOMINY curve is such that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2

De préférence, la composition chimique de l'acier est telle que : 0,21 % ≤ C ≤ 0,25 % 0,1 % ≤ Si ≤ 0,45 % 1,1 % ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 % 0,9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1,4 % 0,09 % ≤ Mo ≤ 0,26 % 0 % ≤ Ni ≤ 0,6 % 0,005 % ≤ Al ≤ 0,05 % 0 % ≤ Cu ≤ 0,3 % 0 % ≤ Ti ≤ 0,05 % P ≤ 0,03 % Preferably, the chemical composition of the steel is such that: 0.21% ≤ C ≤ 0.25% 0.1% ≤ If ≤ 0.45% 1.1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.5% 0.9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.4% 0.09% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.26% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.005% ≤ Al ≤ 0.05% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05% P ≤ 0.03%

De préférence, la teneur en azote de l'acier est comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 %.Preferably, the nitrogen content of the steel is between 0.004% and 0.02%.

L'invention concerne également un acier de cémentation dont la composition chimique est celle qui vient d'être indiquée ; cet acier de cémentation ayant une courbe JOMINY telle que : 45 HRC ≤ J3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J25 ≤ 40 HRC les valeurs moyennes J3m, J11m, J15m et J25m de cinq essais JOMINY étant telles que : |J11m - J3m x 14 /22 - J25m x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC et, J3m - J15m ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC De préférence, les valeurs moyennes J7m, J11m, J15m et J25m de cinq essais JOMINY sont telles que l'une au moins des conditions suivantes soit satisfaite : 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2,15 et : 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2 The invention also relates to a case hardening steel whose chemical composition is that which has just been indicated; this case hardening steel having a JOMINY curve such that: 45 HRC ≤ J 3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J 11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J 25 ≤ 40 HRC the mean values J 3m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests being such that: | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - J 25m x 8/22 | ≤ 2.5 HRC and, J 3m - J 15m ≤ 9 HRC, and preferably ≤ 8 HRC Preferably, the mean values J 7m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that at least one of the following conditions is satisfied: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détails mais de façon non limitative, et illustrée par des exemples.The invention will now be described in more detail but not limiting, and illustrated by examples.

Les inventeurs ont constaté de façon nouvelle et inattendue, que les déformations engendrée par la trempe qui est effectuée en fin de traitement de cémentation ou en fin de carbonitruration pouvaient être considérablement atténuées, voire supprimées, à condition d'utiliser, pour fabriquer la pièce, un acier dont la courbe JOMINY ne présente pratiquement pas de points d'inflexion, contrairement aux courbes JOMINY des aciers utilisés habituellement pour cet usage. Plus précisément, ils ont constaté qu'on devait utiliser un acier contenant

  • de 0,2 % à 0,26 % de carbone pour que l'acier soit facilement usinable, et pour obtenir une ténacité suffisante dans les parties non cémentées ou non carbonitrurées de la pièce;
  • de 0,05% à 0,5% de silicium pour assurer une désoxydation suffisante de l'acier ;
  • des éléments d'alliage tels que le manganèse, le chrome, le molybdène et le nickel, en des teneurs telles que décrits dans la revendication 1, de façon à apporter une trempabilité suffisante, ajuster la forme de la courbe JOMINY et ajuster les propriétés mécaniques de la pièce tant à coeur que dans les zones cémentées ou carbonitrurées ;
  • de 0,003 à 0,06 % d'aluminium pour compléter la désoxydation et contrôler le grain ;
  • moins de 0,3 %, de cuivre, qui est considéré comme une impureté qui tend à diminuer la ductilité et la ténacité des zones non cémentées ou non carbonitrurées ;
  • éventuellement, de 0 % à 0,05 % de titane pour former des nitrures durcissants ;
  • de préférence, la teneur en azote, élément toujours présent et qui réagit avec l'aluminium ou le titane pour former des nitrures, doit être comprise entre 0,004 % et 0,02 % ;
  • jusqu'à 0,1 % de soufre pour améliorer l'usinabilité ;
  • moins de 0,03 % de phosphore qui est une impureté défavorable à la ductilité et à la ténacité.
The inventors have found, in a new and unexpected way, that the deformations generated by the quenching which is carried out at the end of the cementation treatment or at the end of carbonitriding could be considerably attenuated, or even eliminated, provided that they are used to manufacture the part, a steel whose JOMINY curve has practically no points of inflection, unlike the JOMINY curves of steels usually used for this use. Specifically, they found that steel containing
  • from 0.2% to 0.26% of carbon so that the steel is easily machinable, and to obtain sufficient tenacity in the non-cemented or non-carbonitrided parts of the part;
  • from 0.05% to 0.5% silicon to ensure sufficient deoxidation of the steel;
  • alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum and nickel, in contents as described in claim 1, so as to provide sufficient quenchability, adjust the shape of the JOMINY curve and adjust the mechanical properties of the part both at the core and in the case-hardened or carbonitrided areas;
  • from 0.003 to 0.06% aluminum to complete the deoxidation and control the grain;
  • less than 0.3%, of copper, which is considered to be an impurity which tends to reduce the ductility and the toughness of the non-cemented or non-carbonitrided zones;
  • optionally, from 0% to 0.05% of titanium to form hardening nitrides;
  • preferably, the nitrogen content, an element always present and which reacts with aluminum or titanium to form nitrides, must be between 0.004% and 0.02%;
  • up to 0.1% sulfur to improve machinability;
  • less than 0.03% phosphorus which is an impurity unfavorable to ductility and toughness.

L'acier peut contenir, en outre, jusqu'à 0,02 % de tellure, jusqu'à 0,04 % de sélénium, jusqu'à 0,07 % de plomb, jusqu'à 0,005 % de calcium, pour améliorer l'usinabilité. Le reste de la composition est du fer et des impuretés résultant de l'élaborationThe steel may also contain up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% lead, up to 0.005% calcium, to improve machinability. The rest of the composition is iron and impurities resulting from the development

La composition chimique est ajustée pour que la courbe JOMINY de l'acier soit telle que : 45 HRC ≤ J3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J25 ≤ 40 HRC et pour que les valeurs moyennes J3m, J7m, J11m, J15m et J25m de cinq essais JOMINY soient telles que : |J11m - J3m x 14/22 - J25m x 8/22| ≤ 2,5 HRC et, J3m - J15m ≤ 9 HRC, et de préférence, ≤ 8 HRC The chemical composition is adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that: 45 HRC ≤ J 3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J 11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J 25 ≤ 40 HRC and so that the average values J 3m , J 7m , J 11m , J 15m and J 25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - J 25m x 8/22 | ≤ 2.5 HRC and, J 3m - J 15m ≤ 9 HRC, and preferably ≤ 8 HRC

La courbe JOMINY, est une courbe qui caractérise la trempabilité de l'acier. Elle est obtenue en mesurant la dureté le long d'une génératrice d'une éprouvette cylindrique trempée par un jet d'eau arrosant une de ses extrémités. La dureté mesurée à une distance de x mm de l'extrémité arrosée est appelée Jx. Cet essai est bien connu de l'Homme du Métier. Il présente cependant la caractéristique d'être naturellement assez dispersé. C'est pour cela que la forme de la courbe JOMINY est caractérisée, ici, d'une part par des fourchettes de valeur pour les points J3, J11 et J25, et par la relation : |J11m - J3m x 14 /22 - J25m x 8 / 22| ≤ 2,5 HRC, qui fait intervenir les moyennes de cinq essais différents, effectués avec le même acier. Plus précisément, on effectue successivement 5 essais identiques ; pour chaque essai, on mesure au moins les valeurs de J3, J7, J11, J15 et J25, on obtient ainsi cinq valeurs pour J3, J7, J11, J15 et J25, et on calcule pour chaque point Jx, la moyenne Jxm des cinq valeurs. Dans cette relation, les barres verticales sont le symbole connu en lui même de la valeur absolue. La relation, elle même, combinée avec la relation J3m-J15m ≤ 9 HRC ou ≤ 8 HRC, exprime que la courbe JOMINY ne présente pas d'inflexion marquées.The JOMINY curve is a curve which characterizes the hardenability of the steel. It is obtained by measuring the hardness along a generator of a cylindrical specimen quenched by a jet of water spraying one of its ends. The hardness measured at a distance of x mm from the sprinkled end is called J x . This test is well known to those skilled in the art. However, it has the characteristic of being naturally fairly dispersed. This is why the shape of the JOMINY curve is characterized, here, on the one hand by ranges of value for the points J 3 , J 11 and J 25 , and by the relation: | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - D 25m x 8/22 | ≤ 2.5 HRC, which involves the means of five different tests, carried out with the same steel. More precisely, 5 identical tests are carried out successively; for each test, we measure at least the values of J 3 , J 7 , J 11 , J 15 and J 25 , we thus obtain five values for J 3 , J 7 , J 11 , J 15 and J 25 , and we calculate for each point J x , the average J xm of the five values. In this relation, the vertical bars are the symbol known in itself of the absolute value. The relation itself, combined with the relation J 3m -J 15m ≤ 9 HRC or ≤ 8 HRC, expresses that the JOMINY curve does not show any marked inflection.

La forme souhaitée pour la courbe JOMINY peut être affinée en imposant qu'elle satisfasse au moins une des relations suivantes : 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2,15 et: 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2 The desired shape for the JOMINY curve can be refined by requiring that it satisfy at least one of the following relationships: 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2.15 and: 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) ≤ 2

De telles courbes JOMINY peuvent être obtenues notamment avec un acier conforme à ce qui vient d'être défini, dont la composition chimique comprend, en poids :

  • de 0,2 % à 0,26 %, et de préférence, de 0,21 % à 0,25 % de carbone pour avoir une dureté pas trop grande dans les pièces avant cémentation ou carbonitruration, et pour obtenir une bonne aptitude à la cémentation ou à la carbonitruration ;
  • de 1 % à 1,6 %, et de préférence de 1,1 % à 1,5 % de manganèse pour obtenir une bonne santé interne, pour fixer le soufre, et pour, en combinaison avec le chrome et le molybdène, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ;
  • de 0,05 % à 0,5 %, et de préférence, de 0,1 % à 0,45 % de silicium ;
  • de 0,4 % à 1,5 % de chrome, et de préférence, de 0,9 % à 1,4 %, pour durcir la couche cémentée ou carbonitrurée, et en combinaison avec le manganèse et le molybdène, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ;
  • de 0,08 % à 0,27 %, et de préférence, de 0,09 % à 0,26 % de molybdène, pour durcir la couche cémentée ou carbonitrurée, contribuer à augmenter la résistance à l'oxydation, et, en combinaison avec le manganèse et le chrome, ajuster la trempabilité de façon à obtenir une courbe JOMINY satisfaisante ; la limite inférieure correspond à la valeur minimale de la teneur en molybdène pour que cet élément ait un effet significatif ;
  • de 0 % à 0,6 % de nickel pour améliorer la tenue au choc de la pièce.
Such JOMINY curves can be obtained in particular with a steel conforming to what has just been defined, the chemical composition of which comprises, by weight:
  • from 0.2% to 0.26%, and preferably from 0.21% to 0.25% of carbon to have a not too great hardness in the parts before carburizing or carbonitriding, and to obtain a good suitability for carburizing or carbonitriding;
  • from 1% to 1.6%, and preferably from 1.1% to 1.5% of manganese to obtain good internal health, to fix the sulfur, and for, in combination with chromium and molybdenum, adjust the hardenability so as to obtain a satisfactory JOMINY curve;
  • from 0.05% to 0.5%, and preferably from 0.1% to 0.45% of silicon;
  • from 0.4% to 1.5% chromium, and preferably from 0.9% to 1.4%, to harden the cemented or carbonitrided layer, and in combination with manganese and molybdenum, adjust the quenchability of so as to obtain a satisfactory JOMINY curve;
  • from 0.08% to 0.27%, and preferably from 0.09% to 0.26% molybdenum, to harden the cemented or carbonitrided layer, contribute to increasing the resistance to oxidation, and, in combination with manganese and chromium, adjust the hardenability so as to obtain a satisfactory JOMINY curve; the lower limit corresponds to the minimum value of the molybdenum content for this element to have a significant effect;
  • from 0% to 0.6% nickel to improve the impact resistance of the part.

La teneur en cuivre reste inférieure à 0,3 %, la teneur en soufre est comprise de préference entre 0,02 % et 0,1 %, et il est mieux qu'elle reste inférieure à 0,09 %, la teneur en aluminium est comprise entre 0,003 % et 0,06 %, et il est préférable qu'elle soit comprise entre 0,005 % et 0,05 %.The copper content remains below 0.3%, the sulfur content is preferably between 0.02% and 0.1%, and it is better that it remains less than 0.09%, the aluminum content is between 0.003% and 0.06%, and it is preferable that it is between 0.005% and 0.05%.

Comme indiqué ci dessus, l'acier peut contenir en outre un ou plusieurs éléments pris parmi le tellure, le sélénium, le plomb et le calcium.As indicated above, the steel may also contain one or more elements taken from tellurium, selenium, lead and calcium.

Pour fabriquer une pièce suivant l'invention, on fabrique avec un acier conforme à l'invention une ébauche de pièce qu'on cémente ou qu'on carbonitrure à haute température et qu'on trempe à l'huile ou au gaz, l'huile pouvant être froide, tiède ou chaude. L'ébauche de pièce peut être fabriquée, par exemple, par forgeage et par usinage.To manufacture a part according to the invention, it is manufactured with a steel according to the invention a blank for a part which is cemented or carbonitrided to high temperature and soak in oil or gas, the oil can be cold, warm or hot. The workpiece blank can be produced, for example, by forging and by machining.

A titre d'exemple, on a réalisé des pièces avec six aciers selon l'invention, dont les compositions chimiques étaient : C Mn Si S P Ni Cr Mo Cu Al A 0,23 1,25 0,27 0,028 0,018 0,2 1,15 0,1 0,14 0,028 B 0,24 1,4 0,4 0,05 0,02 0,25 1,0 0,24 0,25 0,04 C 0,21 1,35 0,15 0,07 0,025 0,35 1,25 0,18 0,2 0,01 D 0,21 1,27 0,25 0,03 0,02 0,21 1,12 0,2 0,14 0,005 E 0,23 1,27 0,27 0,031 0,014 0,197 1,1 0,214 0,137 0,016 F 0,23 1,10 0,25 0,03 0,015 0,15 1,3 0,15 0,12 0,016 By way of example, parts were produced with six steels according to the invention, the chemical compositions of which were: VS mn Yes S P Or Cr MB Cu al AT 0.23 1.25 0.27 0,028 0,018 0.2 1.15 0.1 0.14 0,028 B 0.24 1.4 0.4 0.05 0.02 0.25 1.0 0.24 0.25 0.04 VS 0.21 1.35 0.15 0.07 0,025 0.35 1.25 0.18 0.2 0.01 D 0.21 1.27 0.25 0.03 0.02 0.21 1.12 0.2 0.14 0.005 E 0.23 1.27 0.27 0.031 0.014 0.197 1.1 0.214 0,137 0.016 F 0.23 1.10 0.25 0.03 0,015 0.15 1.3 0.15 0.12 0.016

Les courbes JOMINY de ces aciers étaient telles que : (duretés en HRC) A B C D E F J3 47,8 49,4 46,5 45,7 46,8 47,9 J7 45,5 48,5 45,4 45 45,8 45,5 J11 41,6 45,6 41,8 45 43,1 41,6 J15 39,1 43,3 39,4 43,1 39,4 39 J25 34,3 39,2 34,9 37,8 34,2 34,1 |J11m - J3m x 14 /22 - J25m x 8/22| 1,29 0,09 0,48 2,17 0,88 1,28 J3m-J15m 8,7 6,1 7,1 2,6 7,4 8,9 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) 2,02 1,75 2,00 0 1,30 1,97 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) 1,66 1,59 1,66 0,45 1,54 1,65 The JOMINY curves of these steels were such that: (hardness in HRC) AT B VS D E F D 3 47.8 49.4 46.5 45.7 46.8 47.9 D 7 45.5 48.5 45.4 45 45.8 45.5 D 11 41.6 45.6 41.8 45 43.1 41.6 D 15 39.1 43.3 39.4 43.1 39.4 39 D 25 34.3 39.2 34.9 37.8 34.2 34.1 | J 11m - J 3m x 14/22 - J 25m x 8/22 | 1.29 0.09 0.48 2.17 0.88 1.28 J 3m -J 15m 8.7 6.1 7.1 2.6 7.4 8.9 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) 2.02 1.75 2.00 0 1.30 1.97 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) 1.66 1.59 1.66 0.45 1.54 1.65

Après cémentation à 995 °C pendant 10 heures et trempe à l'huile tiède à 98 °C, les pièces ne présentaient pas de déformations nécessitant un usinage supplémentaire. De plus, le cémentation était caractérisée par une teneur en carbone de 0,94 % à 0,1 mm sous la surface. After case hardening at 995 ° C for 10 hours and quenching in warm oil at 98 ° C, the parts did not show deformations requiring machining additional. In addition, case hardening was characterized by a content of 0.94% carbon 0.1 mm below the surface.

A titre de comparaison, on a réalisé, dans les mêmes conditions, des pièces identiques, en acier du type 27MC5, 29MC5, 27MC5u, 27MC5r, 27CD4u, 30M5 et 20CD4 conformes à l'art antérieur. Les compositions de ces aciers étaient : C Mn Si S P Ni Cr Mo Cu Al 27MC5 0,23 1,18 0,24 0,033 0,015 0,13 1,08 0,04 0,16 0,024 29MC5 0,23 1,22 0,24 0,033 0,014 0,14 1,12 0,05 0,16 0,024 27MC5u 0,26 1,19 0,25 0,033 0,015 0,09 1,09 0,04 0,13 0,025 27MC5r 0,26 1,31 0,24 0,072 0,016 0,12 1,11 0,05 0,16 0,025 27CD4u 0,27 0,74 0,25 0,032 0,012 0,15 1,08 0,22 0,17 0,028 30M5 0,30 1,41 0,24 0,072 0,015 0,13 0,43 0,06 0,16 0,025 20CD4 0,20 0,82 0,23 0,029 0,013 0,14 1,05 0,27 0,17 0,029 et les courbes JOMINY étaient telles que : (duretés en HRC) 27MC5 29MC5 27MC5u 27MC5r 27CD4u 30M5 20CD4 J3 48,8 49,7 49 48,5 48,9 50 45,3 J7 45,8 47,3 45,6 45,9 46,1 40,3 40,8 J11 40,3 43,2 40,4 41 39,8 31,9 34,4 J15 36,6 39,6 36,8 37,6 35,6 28,4 31,2 J25 32,7 35,1 33 33,7 31,6 24,4 27,8 |J11m-J3mx14/22-J25mx8/22| 2,6 1,19 2,7 2,1 2,8 8,8 4,53 J3m - J15m 12,2 10,1 12,2 10,9 9 21,6 14,1 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) 3,52 2,27 3,42 3,14 3,94 5,25 8 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) 5,9 2,13 2,89 2,66 3,28 3,72 3,87 By way of comparison, identical parts were made, in steel, of type 27MC5, 29MC5, 27MC5u, 27MC5r, 27CD4u, 30M5 and 20CD4 in accordance with the prior art. The compositions of these steels were: VS mn Yes S P Or Cr MB Cu al 27MC5 0.23 1.18 0.24 0.033 0,015 0.13 1.08 0.04 0.16 0,024 29MC5 0.23 1.22 0.24 0.033 0.014 0.14 1.12 0.05 0.16 0,024 27MC5u 0.26 1.19 0.25 0.033 0,015 0.09 1.09 0.04 0.13 0,025 27MC5r 0.26 1.31 0.24 0,072 0.016 0.12 1.11 0.05 0.16 0,025 27CD4u 0.27 0.74 0.25 0,032 0.012 0.15 1.08 0.22 0.17 0,028 30M5 0.30 1.41 0.24 0,072 0,015 0.13 0.43 0.06 0.16 0,025 20CD4 0.20 0.82 0.23 0,029 0,013 0.14 1.05 0.27 0.17 0,029 and the JOMINY curves were such that: (hardness in HRC) 27MC5 29MC5 27MC5u 27MC5r 27CD4u 30M5 20CD4 D 3 48.8 49.7 49 48.5 48.9 50 45.3 D 7 45.8 47.3 45.6 45.9 46.1 40.3 40.8 D 11 40.3 43.2 40.4 41 39.8 31.9 34.4 D 15 36.6 39.6 36.8 37.6 35.6 28.4 31.2 D 25 32.7 35.1 33 33.7 31.6 24.4 27.8 | D 11m -D 3m x14 / 22-J 25m x8 / 22 | 2.6 1.19 2.7 2.1 2.8 8.8 4.53 D 3m - D 15m 12.2 10.1 12.2 10.9 9 21.6 14.1 10 x (J 7m - J 11m ) / (4 x (J 15m - J 25m )) 3.52 2.27 3.42 3.14 3.94 5.25 8 10 x (J 7m - J 15m ) / (8 x (J 15m - J 25m )) 5.9 2.13 2.89 2.66 3.28 3.72 3.87

Après cémentation, les pièces ont nécessité une reprise d'usinage. De plus, la teneur en carbone dans la couche cémentée, à 0,1 mm sous la surface, n'était que de 0,8 %. Ce dernier résultat, montre que, outre la plus faible sensibilité aux déformations, l'acier selon l'invention se cémente mieux que l'acier selon l'art antérieur.After case hardening, the parts required a resumption of machining. In addition, the carbon content in the cemented layer, 0.1 mm below the surface, was only 0.8%. This last result shows that, in addition to the lower sensitivity to deformations, the steel according to the invention is cemented better than steel according to the art prior.

Claims (13)

  1. Process for manufacturing a mechanical steel part wherein a steel blank is produced and a treatment of carburization or carbonitridation, optionally at high temperature, of at least part of the surface of the blank is carried out, characterised in that the chemical composition of the steel from which the part is made comprises, by weight: 0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.26% 0.05% ≤ Si ≤ 0.5% 1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.6% 0.4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5% 0.08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.27% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.003% ≤ Al ≤ 0.06% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0% ≤ S ≤ 0.1% P ≤ 0.03% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05% optionally up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% of lead, up to 0.005% of calcium, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production process, the chemical composition being adjusted so that the JOMINY curve of the steel is such that: 45 HRC ≤ J3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J25 ≤ 40 HRC and so that the mean values J3m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: |J11m - J3m X 14/22 - J25m x 8/22| ≤ 2.5 HRC and J3m - J15m ≤ 9 HRC
  2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the steel is such that: J3m - J15m ≤ 8 HRC
  3. Process according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the mean values J7m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2.15
  4. Process according to claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the mean values J7m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m) ≤ 2
  5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that: 0.21% ≤ C ≤ 0.25% 0.1% ≤ Si ≤ 0.45% 1.1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.5% 0.9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.4% 0.09% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.26% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.005% ≤ Al ≤ 0.05% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0.02% ≤ S ≤ 0.09% P ≤ 0.03% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%
  6. Process according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the nitrogen content of the steel is between 0.004% and 0.02%.
  7. Carburized or carbonitrided steel, characterised in that its chemical composition comprises, by weight: 0.2% ≤ C ≤ 0.26% 0.05% ≤ Si ≤ 0.5% 1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.6% 0.4% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.5% 0.08% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.27% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.003% ≤ Al ≤ 0.06% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0% ≤ S ≤ 0.1% P ≤ 0.03% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05% optionally up to 0.02% tellurium, up to 0.04% of selenium, up to 0.07% of lead, up to 0.005% of calcium, the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the production process.
  8. Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 7, characterised in that its chemical composition is such that: 0.21% ≤ C ≤ 0.25% 0.1% ≤ Si ≤ 0.45% 1.1% ≤ Mn ≤ 1.5% 0.9% ≤ Cr ≤ 1.4% 0.09% ≤ Mo ≤ 0.26% 0% ≤ Ni ≤ 0.6% 0.005% ≤ Al ≤ 0.05% 0% ≤ Cu ≤ 0.3% 0.02% ≤ S ≤ 0.09% P ≤ 0.03% 0% ≤ Ti ≤ 0.05%
  9. Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that its JOMINY curve is such that: 45 HRC ≤ J3 ≤ 50 HRC 39 HRC ≤ J11 ≤ 47 HRC 31 HRC ≤ J25 ≤ 40 HRC the mean values J3m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests being such that: |J11m - J3m x 14/22 - J25m x 8/22| ≤ 2.5 HRC and J3m - J15m ≤ 9 HRC
  10. Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9, characterised in that: J3m - J15m ≤ 8 HRC
  11. Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9 or claim 10, characterised in that the mean values J7m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: 10 x (J7m - J11m) / (4 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2.15
  12. Carburized or carbonitrided steel according to claim 9, claim 10 or claim 11, characterised in that the mean values J7m, J11m, J15m and J25m of five JOMINY tests are such that: 10 x (J7m - J15m) / (8 x (J15m - J25m)) ≤ 2
  13. Steel according to any one claims 7 to 12, characterised in that its nitrogen content is between 0.004% and 0.02%.
EP98400447A 1997-07-10 1998-02-25 Process for manufacturing of articles from carburized or carbonitrided steel and steel for the manufacturing of said articles Expired - Lifetime EP0890653B1 (en)

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