EP0888096A1 - Process for producing a bone substitute material - Google Patents
Process for producing a bone substitute materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP0888096A1 EP0888096A1 EP97907038A EP97907038A EP0888096A1 EP 0888096 A1 EP0888096 A1 EP 0888096A1 EP 97907038 A EP97907038 A EP 97907038A EP 97907038 A EP97907038 A EP 97907038A EP 0888096 A1 EP0888096 A1 EP 0888096A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channels
- ceramic block
- substance
- polymer
- bone substitute
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
- A61L27/46—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0003—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof containing continuous channels, e.g. of the "dead-end" type or obtained by pushing bars in the green ceramic product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4523—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied from the molten state ; Thermal spraying, e.g. plasma spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/3094—Designing or manufacturing processes
- A61F2/30965—Reinforcing the prosthesis by embedding particles or fibres during moulding or dipping
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/30004—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2002/30009—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis the prosthesis being made from materials having different values of a given property at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in fibre orientations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/30062—(bio)absorbable, biodegradable, bioerodable, (bio)resorbable, resorptive
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
- A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
- A61F2002/30065—Properties of materials and coating materials thermoplastic, i.e. softening or fusing when heated, and hardening and becoming rigid again when cooled
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30108—Shapes
- A61F2002/30199—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2002/30261—Three-dimensional shapes parallelepipedal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30667—Features concerning an interaction with the environment or a particular use of the prosthesis
- A61F2002/30677—Means for introducing or releasing pharmaceutical products, e.g. antibiotics, into the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
- A61F2002/30785—Plurality of holes parallel
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
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- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
- A61F2002/30784—Plurality of holes
- A61F2002/30787—Plurality of holes inclined obliquely with respect to each other
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30772—Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/30767—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
- A61F2/30771—Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
- A61F2002/30795—Blind bores, e.g. of circular cross-section
- A61F2002/30807—Plurality of blind bores
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- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0004—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable
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- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0071—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof thermoplastic
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- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
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- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
- A61F2250/0028—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in fibre orientations
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- A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
- A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
- A61F2310/00179—Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
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- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00836—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for medical or dental applications
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for producing a bone replacement material, starting from a highly porous ceramic block.
- the channels are introduced into the ceramic block, the channels are filled with bioabsorbable polymer granules and then the ceramic block with the polymer granules is heated to a temperature above the melting or flow temperature of the polymer granules.
- the polymer granulate melts in the channels and, when it cools down to room temperature, anchors itself in the form of a supporting structure in the pores of the ceramic block adjacent to the bores, thus ensuring the desired mechanical strength without the majority of the pores in the ceramic being removed from it bioresorbable polymer would be closed.
- This ensures that when such a polymer-reinforced ceramic block is inserted into the bone, the contact surface with the bone mainly consists of a pure ceramic surface. This is essential for good biocompatibility of the bone replacement material.
- the temperature to which the ceramic block with the polymer granules is to be heated depends on the selected bioabsorbable polymer. As materials, plastics from the group of polyesters come into question, and from these in particular the Poly ( ⁇ -hydroxyl acids). A temperature range of 180 ° C to 230 ° C is appropriate for this.
- the fumigation process has proven to be advantageous.
- This is a process for shaping thermoplastic materials, in which the thermoplastic material is introduced into a mold cavity in free-flowing form or in the form of a preform, and the viscosity of the plastic is reduced with the aid of supercritical substances to such an extent that the plastic becomes flowable and / or can be deformed.
- the gassing is carried out with one or more gases, possibly also liquefied gases, under high pressure, and they should preferably be in the supercritical state. It can be adjusted in terms of process technology that the polymer takes on a compact or foamed structure within the bores and the adjacent pores.
- the solubility of gases or liquids in polymers is a function of pressure and temperature. It is known that particularly good solubility parameters are achieved when the gas changes to the supercritical state.
- Supercritical gases or liquids are known. These include carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane, nitrogen and water. Depending on the supercritical substance used in each case, the gassing process can be carried out at a pressure in a range from 50 to 800 bar (5 ⁇ 10 6 Pa to 8 ⁇ 10 7 Pa).
- Carbon dioxide is advantageously used for the bone substitute material mentioned, which is preferred for the invention.
- the suitable pressure range is between 50 to 200 bar (5 x IO 6 pa to 2 x 10 7 Pa;.
- biologically active agents such as growth factors, antibiotics, pain-relieving agents, agents which influence cell division and vascularization, coagulating or anti-coagulating agents, immunosuppressive or immunostimulating agents, cytokines, chemical attractiveness, enzymes and combinations of which to be introduced into the bone substitute material.
- biologically active agents such as growth factors, antibiotics, pain-relieving agents, agents which influence cell division and vascularization, coagulating or anti-coagulating agents, immunosuppressive or immunostimulating agents, cytokines, chemical attractiveness, enzymes and combinations of which to be introduced into the bone substitute material.
- the effectiveness and, above all, the mechanisms of action of the said agents are known to the person skilled in the art.
- growth factors can serve to stimulate cells in general and, if appropriate, special cell populations to intensify growth in order to fill up the existing tissue or bone defect as quickly as possible.
- the use of antibiotics is particularly indicated if there are tissue defects that are large or difficult to clean or if the environment in which the bone substitute material is introduced has a high bacterial load.
- Agents that influence cell division and vascularization also allow rapid regeneration of the tissue or bone defect.
- the addition of coagulating or, if necessary, anti-coagulating agents can be beneficial.
- immunosuppressive agents is particularly indicated if, for example, the healing process would otherwise deteriorate as a result of allergic reactions.
- immunostimulating agents can be advantageous if it is desired to generate an enhanced immune response in the area of the bone replacement material.
- the immigration of various cell populations means that cytokines and chemical acctance can represent a way of largely controlling the healing process.
- the addition of enzymes allows a further modification of the regeneration process and can affect the regenerated or regenerating tissue.
- the gassing process is advantageously carried out at a temperature which is below 37 ° C. Therefore, the addition of thermolabile, biologically active agents is possible without any problems.
- the channels can be closed on at least one side.
- Suitable materials for the highly porous ceramic block are synthetic ceramics, glasses and glass ceramics, or ceramics of natural origin.
- Synthetic ceramics are, for example, hydroxylapatite, ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate and ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate.
- the ceramics of natural origin are made from cattle bones Algae (Algipore ⁇ ) and corals.
- a typical chemical formula for a bioactive glass ceramic is Ca0-P2 ⁇ 5-SiC> 2 •
- Bioresorbable polymer granules which can be used in the present invention are, for example, the poly ( ⁇ -hydroxyl acids) already mentioned above, such as poly (L- Lactide-co-D, L-lactide).
- FIG. 1 schematically with a highly porous ceramic block
- FIG. 2 shows the ceramic block from FIG. 1 with polymer granules filled into the channels
- Figure 3 shows the finished ceramic block
- Figure 4 shows an example of an arrangement of the channels in a ceramic block according to the invention.
- Figure 5 shows another example of the arrangement of the
- channels 20 with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm are drilled in a highly porous ceramic block 10 made of Algipore ⁇ or BioOss * R) .
- the channels 20 are parallel to one another and arranged in rows, only one such row being indicated schematically in FIG.
- polymer granules 30 are filled into these channels 20.
- the ceramic block 10 filled with polymer granules 30 is now heated to 200 ° C. in a heating cabinet.
- the polymer granulate 30 melts in the channels 20, as illustrated in FIG. 3, and forms the desired mechanical structure 40 in the ceramic block 10 after cooling to room temperature. It has been found that a composite bone replacement molded article produced by the method according to the invention exhibits a 100% to 200% higher mechanical strength than the untreated, highly porous ceramic block.
- a ceramic block prepared as in Example 1 is filled with free-flowing polymer granules made of poly ( ⁇ -hydroxyl acids). In a pressure chamber, this filled ceramic block is gassed at room temperature in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at 50 to 200 bar. The carbon dioxide dissolves in the polymer and with it creates a foamed structure within the holes and the adjacent pores.
- channels 20, 24 it can be expedient to design the channels 20, 24 in such a way that they pass through the ceramic block 10 in groups in which the channels each run perpendicular to one another.
- a first row of channels 20 can be formed extending in the top-down direction in the drawing, while a second row of channels 24 are spaced apart such that the channels 24 run perpendicular to the channels 20.
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for producing a bone substitute material from a high-porous ceramic block (10), which process is characterised in that a plurality of channels (20, 22, 24) are introduced into the ceramic block (10) and are filled with bio-resorbent polymer granules (30). The ceramic block (10) is subsequently heated to a temperature above the melting or flow temperature of the polymer granules (30). The invention also relates to a process for producing bone substitute material from a high-porous ceramic block (10), which process is characterised in that a plurality of channels (20, 22, 24) are introduced into the ceramic block (10) and are filled with bio-resorbent polymer material (30) which is either pourable or in the form of a preform. The ceramic block (10) with the polymer material (30) is subsequently treated with a substance or a substance mixture at high pressure under supercritical conditions, so that the thermoplastic synthetic material is flowable and/or mouldable.
Description
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Knochenersatzmaterials Process for making a bone substitute
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Knochen- ersatzmaterials, ausgehend von einem hochporösen Keramikblock.The invention relates to methods for producing a bone replacement material, starting from a highly porous ceramic block.
Bei biomechanisch belasteten Knochendefekten ist es nicht sinnvoll, den Knochenersatzwerkstoff als Granulat einzubrin¬ gen, da es durch die mechanische Belastung zu keiner Knochen¬ regeneration kommt. Für derartige Indikationen werden hoch¬ poröse Blockkörper bevorzugt, in die der Knochen hineinwachsen kann.
Keramische Knochenersatzwerkstoffe sind jedoch sehr spröde, so daß Blöcke aus diesen Materialien größere mechanische Bela¬ stungen nicht aufnehmen können.In the case of biomechanically stressed bone defects, it does not make sense to introduce the bone substitute material as granules, since there is no bone regeneration due to the mechanical stress. For such indications, highly porous block bodies into which the bone can grow are preferred. Ceramic bone substitute materials are, however, very brittle, so that blocks made from these materials cannot absorb larger mechanical loads.
Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Knochenersatzmaterials zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit denen einem hoch biokompatiblen Knochenersatzmaterial eine verbesserte mechanische Festigkeit und Belastbarkeit verliehen wird.It is the object of the invention to provide methods for producing a bone substitute material with which a highly biocompatible bone substitute material is given improved mechanical strength and resilience.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren nach Patentanspruch l oder Patentanspruch 2 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is achieved with a method according to claim 1 or claim 2. Advantageous refinements are the subject of the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemaß ist nach einem ersten Aspekt vorgesehen, daß in den Keramikblock mehrere Kanäle eingebracht werden, die Kanäle mit bioresorbierbarem Polymergranulat befüllt werden und anschließend der Keramikblock mit dem Polymergranulat auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelz- bzw. Fließtemperatur des Polymergranulats erwärmt wird. Das Polymergranulat schmilzt in den Kanälen und verankert sich bei Abkühlung auf Raumtempera¬ tur im Sinne eines Tragwerkes in den an die Bohrungen angren¬ zenden Poren des Keramikblocks und sorgt so für die gewünschte mechanische Belastbarkeit, ohne daß der Großteil der Poren in der Keramik von dem bioresorbierbaren Polymer verschlossen wäre. Dadurch wird gewährleistet, daß beim Einsetzen eines derart polymer verstärkten Keramikblockes in den Knochen die Kontaktfläche zum Knochen hauptsächlich aus reiner Keramik¬ oberfläche besteht. Dieses ist für eine gut Biokompatibilität des Knochenersatzmateriales unabdingbar.According to the invention it is provided according to a first aspect that several channels are introduced into the ceramic block, the channels are filled with bioabsorbable polymer granules and then the ceramic block with the polymer granules is heated to a temperature above the melting or flow temperature of the polymer granules. The polymer granulate melts in the channels and, when it cools down to room temperature, anchors itself in the form of a supporting structure in the pores of the ceramic block adjacent to the bores, thus ensuring the desired mechanical strength without the majority of the pores in the ceramic being removed from it bioresorbable polymer would be closed. This ensures that when such a polymer-reinforced ceramic block is inserted into the bone, the contact surface with the bone mainly consists of a pure ceramic surface. This is essential for good biocompatibility of the bone replacement material.
Die Temperatur, auf die der Keramikblock mit dem Polymergranu¬ lat zu erhitzen ist, ist von dem gewählten bioresorbierbaren Polymer abhängig. Als Materialien kommen Kunststoffe aus der Gruppe der Polyester in Frage, und aus diesen insbesondere die
Poly(α-Hydroxyl-Säuren) . Für diese ist ein Temperaturbereich von 180° C bis 230° C zweckmäßig.The temperature to which the ceramic block with the polymer granules is to be heated depends on the selected bioabsorbable polymer. As materials, plastics from the group of polyesters come into question, and from these in particular the Poly (α-hydroxyl acids). A temperature range of 180 ° C to 230 ° C is appropriate for this.
Als Alternative zum Erhitzen des Kunststblockes mit dem Polymergranulat in einem Wärmeschrank hat sich das Begasungs- verfahren als vorteilhaft herausgestellt. Dies ist ein Verfah¬ ren zur Formgebung von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, bei dem der thermoplastische Kunststoff in rieselfähiger Form oder in Form eines Vorformlings in einen Formhohlraum eingebracht wird und die Viskosität des Kunststoffes mit Hilfe überkritischer Substanzen soweit erniedrigt wird, daß der Kunststoff flie߬ fähig wird und/oder sich verformen läßt. Die Begasung erfolgt dabei mit einem oder mehreren Gasen, gegebenenfalls auch verflüssigten Gasen, unter hohem Druck, wobei sie sich vorzugsweise im überkritischen Zustand befinden sollten. Dabei ist es verfahrenstechnisch einstellbar, daß das Polymer eine kompakte oder geschäumte Struktur innerhalb der Bohrungen und der angrenzenden Poren annimmt. Die Begasung bei den ver¬ gleichsweise niedrigen Temperaturen und unter hohem Druck setzt voraus, daß das Gas in dem jeweiligen Polymer eine gute Löslichkeit aufweist. Die Löslichkeit von Gasen oder Flüssig¬ keiten in Polymeren ist eine Funktion des Druckes und der Temperatur. Es ist bekannt, daß besonders gute Löslichkeitspa- rameter erreicht werden, wenn das Gas in den überkritischen Zustand übergeht. Überkritische Gase bzw. Flüssigkeiten sind bekannt. Zu diesen gehören Kohlendioxid, Ethylen, Propan, Stickstoff und Wasser. In Abhängigkeit von der jeweils einge¬ setzten überkritischen Substanz kann das Begasungsverfahren bei einem Druck in einem Bereich von 50 bis 800 bar (5 x IO6 Pa bis 8 x 107 Pa) durchgeführt werden.As an alternative to heating the plastic block with the polymer granulate in a heating cabinet, the fumigation process has proven to be advantageous. This is a process for shaping thermoplastic materials, in which the thermoplastic material is introduced into a mold cavity in free-flowing form or in the form of a preform, and the viscosity of the plastic is reduced with the aid of supercritical substances to such an extent that the plastic becomes flowable and / or can be deformed. The gassing is carried out with one or more gases, possibly also liquefied gases, under high pressure, and they should preferably be in the supercritical state. It can be adjusted in terms of process technology that the polymer takes on a compact or foamed structure within the bores and the adjacent pores. Fumigation at the comparatively low temperatures and under high pressure presupposes that the gas has good solubility in the respective polymer. The solubility of gases or liquids in polymers is a function of pressure and temperature. It is known that particularly good solubility parameters are achieved when the gas changes to the supercritical state. Supercritical gases or liquids are known. These include carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane, nitrogen and water. Depending on the supercritical substance used in each case, the gassing process can be carried out at a pressure in a range from 50 to 800 bar (5 × 10 6 Pa to 8 × 10 7 Pa).
Für das genannte, für die Erfindung bevorzugte Knochener¬ satzmaterial wird vorteilhaft Kohlendioxid eingesetzt . Der geeignete Druckbereich liegt zwischen 50 bis 200 bar (5 x IO6 pa bis 2 x 107 Pa; .
Oftmals ist es zweckmäßig, biologisch wirksame Agenzien, wie Wachstumsfaktorer., Antibiotika, schmerzlindernde Agenzien, Agenzien, die die Zellteilung und die Vaskularisierung beeinflussen, koagulierende oder anti-koagulierende Agenzien, immunsupprimierende oder immunstimulierende Agenzien, Zyto- kine, chemisches Attraktanz, Enzyme und Kombinationen davon in das Knochenersatzmaterial einzubringen. Die Wirksamkeit und vor allem die Wirkmechanismen der besagten Agenzien sind dem Fachmann bekannt. So können z.B. Wachstumsfaktoren dazu dienen, Zellen allgemein und gegebenenfalls spezielle Zellpo¬ pulationen zu verstärktem Wachstum anzuregen, um den exi¬ stierenden Gewebe- oder Knochendefekt möglichst schnell aufzufüllen. Die Verwendung von Antibiotika ist besonders dann angezeigt, wenn es sich um großflächige oder nur schwer zu reinigende Gewebedefekte handelt oder das Milieu, in das das Knochenersatzmaterial eingebracht wird, eine hohe Keimbe¬ lastung aufweist. Agenzien, die die Zellteilung und die Vaskularisierung beeinflussen, erlauben darüberhinaus eine zügige Regeneration des Gewebe- oder Knochendefektes. In Abhängigkeit von den Durchblutungsverhältnissen kann der Zusatz von koagulierenden oder gegebenenfalls von anti- koagulierenden Agenzien förderlich sein. Die Verwendung von immunsupprimierenden Agenzien ist besonders dann angezeigt, wenn es beispielsweise in Folge allergischer Reaktionen ansonsten zu einer Verschlechterung des Heilungsprozesses käme. Umgekehrt können immunstimulierende Agenzien von Vorteil sein, wenn es erwünscht ist, im Bereich des Knochener¬ satzmaterials eine verstärkte Immunantwort zu generieren. Zytokine und chemisches Aktraktanz können in Folge ihres Wirkmechanismus durch das Einwandern verschiedener Zellpopula¬ tionen eine Möglichkeit darstellen, den Heilungsprozeß weitgehend zu steuern. Der Zusatz von Enzymen erlaubt eine weitergehende Modifikation des Regenerationsprozesses und kann sich auf das regenerierte oder sich regenerierende Gewebe auswirken.
Das Begasungsverfahren wird vorteilhaft bei einer Temperatur durchgeführt, die unterhalb von 37°C liegt. Daher ist die Zugabe auch von von thermolabilen, biologisch wirksamen Agenzien problemlos möglich.Carbon dioxide is advantageously used for the bone substitute material mentioned, which is preferred for the invention. The suitable pressure range is between 50 to 200 bar (5 x IO 6 pa to 2 x 10 7 Pa;. It is often expedient to use biologically active agents such as growth factors, antibiotics, pain-relieving agents, agents which influence cell division and vascularization, coagulating or anti-coagulating agents, immunosuppressive or immunostimulating agents, cytokines, chemical attractiveness, enzymes and combinations of which to be introduced into the bone substitute material. The effectiveness and, above all, the mechanisms of action of the said agents are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, growth factors can serve to stimulate cells in general and, if appropriate, special cell populations to intensify growth in order to fill up the existing tissue or bone defect as quickly as possible. The use of antibiotics is particularly indicated if there are tissue defects that are large or difficult to clean or if the environment in which the bone substitute material is introduced has a high bacterial load. Agents that influence cell division and vascularization also allow rapid regeneration of the tissue or bone defect. Depending on the blood circulation conditions, the addition of coagulating or, if necessary, anti-coagulating agents can be beneficial. The use of immunosuppressive agents is particularly indicated if, for example, the healing process would otherwise deteriorate as a result of allergic reactions. Conversely, immunostimulating agents can be advantageous if it is desired to generate an enhanced immune response in the area of the bone replacement material. As a result of their mechanism of action, the immigration of various cell populations means that cytokines and chemical acctance can represent a way of largely controlling the healing process. The addition of enzymes allows a further modification of the regeneration process and can affect the regenerated or regenerating tissue. The gassing process is advantageously carried out at a temperature which is below 37 ° C. Therefore, the addition of thermolabile, biologically active agents is possible without any problems.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, die Kanäle in dem Keramikblock mit einem Durchmesser von 2 bis 4 mm auszubilden.It has proven to be advantageous to form the channels in the ceramic block with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
Weiter vorteilhaft, auch im Sinne eines kostengünstigen Herstellungsprozesses, ist es, wenn die Kanäle parallel zueinander verlaufend gebildet werden.It is further advantageous, also in the sense of an inexpensive manufacturing process, if the channels are formed running parallel to one another.
Dabei kann es zur Stabilisierung allerdings auch zweckmäßig sein, Gruppen von Kanälen auszubilden, die schräg oder sogar senkrecht zueinander verlaufen, um in optimaler Weise mechani¬ sche Belastungen aufzufangen, die aus unterschiedlichen Richtungen auf den Keramikblock wirken.However, for stabilization it can also be expedient to form groups of channels which run obliquely or even perpendicularly to one another in order to optimally absorb mechanical loads which act on the ceramic block from different directions.
Die Kanäle können an zumindest einer Seite verschlossen sein. Insbesondere für horizontal verlaufende Kanäle ist es auch denkbar, eine Seite verschlossen zu lassen und die gegenüber¬ liegende Seite nach dem Befüllen mit Polymergranulat mit Keramikstopfen zu verschließen.The channels can be closed on at least one side. In particular for horizontally running channels, it is also conceivable to leave one side closed and to close the opposite side after filling with polymer granules with ceramic plugs.
Als Materialien für den hochporösen Keramikblock sind syn¬ thetisch hergestellte Keramiken, Gläser und Glaskeramiken oder aber Keramiken natürlichen Ursprungs geeignet. Synthetische Keramiken sind beispielsweise Hydroxylapatit, α-Trikalzium- phosphat und ß-Trikalziumphosphat. Die Keramiken natürlichen Ursprungs werden aus Rinderknochen
Algen (Al- gipore^) und Korallen hergestellt. Eine typische chemische Formel für eine bioaktive Glaskeramik ist Ca0-P2θ5-SiC>2 •Suitable materials for the highly porous ceramic block are synthetic ceramics, glasses and glass ceramics, or ceramics of natural origin. Synthetic ceramics are, for example, hydroxylapatite, α-tricalcium phosphate and β-tricalcium phosphate. The ceramics of natural origin are made from cattle bones Algae (Algipore ^) and corals. A typical chemical formula for a bioactive glass ceramic is Ca0-P2θ5-SiC> 2 •
Bioresorbierbare Polymergranulate, die bei der vorliegenden Erfindung zum Einsatz kommen können, sind beispielsweise die bereits oben genannten Poly(α-Hydroxyl-Säuren) , wie Poly(L-
Lactid- co-D , L-Lactid) .Bioresorbable polymer granules which can be used in the present invention are, for example, the poly (α-hydroxyl acids) already mentioned above, such as poly (L- Lactide-co-D, L-lactide).
Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen näher erläutert werden, wobei auf die Zeichnungen Bezug genommen wird, in denenIn the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of examples, reference being made to the drawings, in which
Figur 1 schematisch einen hochporösen Keramikblock mitFigure 1 schematically with a highly porous ceramic block
Kanälen zeigt;Shows channels;
Figur 2 den Keramikblock aus Figur l mit in die Kanäle gefülltem Polymergranulat zeigt;FIG. 2 shows the ceramic block from FIG. 1 with polymer granules filled into the channels;
Figur 3 den fertiggestellten Keramikblock zeigt;Figure 3 shows the finished ceramic block;
Figur 4 ein Beispiel für eine Anordnung der Kanäle bei einem Keramikblock gemäß der Erfindung zeigt; undFigure 4 shows an example of an arrangement of the channels in a ceramic block according to the invention; and
Figur 5 ein weiteres Beispiel für die Anordnung derFigure 5 shows another example of the arrangement of the
Kanäle bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Keramikblock veranschaulicht.Channels illustrated in a ceramic block according to the invention.
Beispiel 1example 1
In einen hochporδsen Keramikblock 10 aus Algipore^ oder BioOss*R) werden mehrere Kanäle 20 mit einem Durchmesser von 2 bis 4 mm gebohrt. Die Kanäle 20 sind dabei zueinander parellel und in Reihen angeordnet, wobei in der Figur 1 nur eine solche Reihe schematisch angedeutet ist. In diese Kanäle 20 wird, wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, Polymergranulat 30 gefüllt. Der mit Polymergranulat 30 gefüllte Keramikblock 10 wird nun in einem Wärmeschrank auf 200°C erwärmt. Dadurch schmilzt das Polymer¬ granulat 30 in den Kanälen 20, wie in Figur 3 veranschaulicht, und bildet dabei nach der Abkühlung auf Raumtemperatur das gewünschte mechanische Tragwerk 40 im Keramikblock 10.
Es hat sich ergeben, daß ein nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellter Komposit-Knochenerssatzformkörper eine 100 % bis 200 % höhere mechanische Belastbarkeit gegenüber dem unbehandelten hochporösen Keramikblock zeigt.Several channels 20 with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm are drilled in a highly porous ceramic block 10 made of Algipore ^ or BioOss * R) . The channels 20 are parallel to one another and arranged in rows, only one such row being indicated schematically in FIG. As can be seen in FIG. 2, polymer granules 30 are filled into these channels 20. The ceramic block 10 filled with polymer granules 30 is now heated to 200 ° C. in a heating cabinet. As a result, the polymer granulate 30 melts in the channels 20, as illustrated in FIG. 3, and forms the desired mechanical structure 40 in the ceramic block 10 after cooling to room temperature. It has been found that a composite bone replacement molded article produced by the method according to the invention exhibits a 100% to 200% higher mechanical strength than the untreated, highly porous ceramic block.
Beispiel 2Example 2
Ein wie im Beispiel 1 vorbereiteter Keramikblock wird mit rieselfähigem Polymergranulat aus Poly(α-Hydroxyl-Säuren) befüllt. In einem Druckraum wird dieser befüllte Keramikblock bei Zimmertemperatur in einer Kohlendioxidatmosphäre bei 50 bis 200 bar begast. Das Kohlendioxid löst sich in dem Polymer und erzeugt mit diesem eine geschäumte Struktur innerhalb der Bohrungen und der angrenzenden Poren.A ceramic block prepared as in Example 1 is filled with free-flowing polymer granules made of poly (α-hydroxyl acids). In a pressure chamber, this filled ceramic block is gassed at room temperature in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at 50 to 200 bar. The carbon dioxide dissolves in the polymer and with it creates a foamed structure within the holes and the adjacent pores.
Es ist möglich, die mechanische Belastbarkeit im Hinblick auf die wirkenden Kräfte zu optimieren. Wirkt beispielsweise eine Kraft auf zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Keramikkörpers, so kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Anordnung der Kanäle 20, 22 wie nach Figur 4 zu treffen, wobei sich alle Kanäle 20, 22 in eine Richtung parallel zueinander erstrecken.It is possible to optimize the mechanical resilience with regard to the acting forces. If, for example, a force acts on two opposite sides of the ceramic body, it may be expedient to arrange the channels 20, 22 as in FIG. 4, all channels 20, 22 extending in one direction parallel to one another.
Für andere Belastungen kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Kanäle 20, 24 so zu gestalten, daß sie den Keramikblock 10 in Gruppen durchsetzen, in denen die Kanäle jeweils senkrecht zueinander verlaufen. So kann beispielsweise, wie in Figur 5 gezeigt, eine erste Reihe von Kanälen 20 gebildet werden, die sich in der Richtung von oben nach unten in der Zeichnung erstrecken, während eine zweite Reihe von Kanälen 24 im Abstand dazu derart angeordnet ist, daß die Kanäle 24 senkrecht zu den Kanälen 20 verlaufen.For other loads, it can be expedient to design the channels 20, 24 in such a way that they pass through the ceramic block 10 in groups in which the channels each run perpendicular to one another. For example, as shown in Figure 5, a first row of channels 20 can be formed extending in the top-down direction in the drawing, while a second row of channels 24 are spaced apart such that the channels 24 run perpendicular to the channels 20.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in der Zeichnung sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein.
The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential for realizing the invention both individually and in any combination.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Knochenersatzmaterials, ausgehend von einem hochporösen Keramikblock, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß1. A method for producing a bone substitute material, starting from a highly porous ceramic block, characterized in that
in den Keramikblock (10) mehrere Kanäle (20, 22, 24) eingebracht werden; a plurality of channels (20, 22, 24) are introduced into the ceramic block (10);
die Kanäle {20, 22, 24) mit bioresorbierbarem Polymergranulat (30) befüllt werden,- undthe channels {20, 22, 24) are filled with bioabsorbable polymer granules (30), - and
anschließend der Keramikblock (10) mit dem Polymer¬ granulat (30) auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der Schmelz- bzw. Fließtemperatur des Polymergranulates erwärmt wird.then the ceramic block (10) with the polymer granules (30) is heated to a temperature above the melting or flow temperature of the polymer granules.
2. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Knochenersatzmaterials, ausgehend von einem hochporδsen Keramikblock, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, daß2. A method for producing a bone substitute material, starting from a highly porous ceramic block, characterized in that
in den Keramikblock (10) mehrere Kanäle (20, 22, 24) eingebracht werden;a plurality of channels (20, 22, 24) are introduced into the ceramic block (10);
die Kanäle (20, 22, 24) mit bioresorbierbarem Polymer¬ material (30) , entweder rieselfähig vorliegend oder in Form eines Vorformlings, befüllt werden; undthe channels (20, 22, 24) are filled with bioresorbable polymer material (30), either in a pourable form or in the form of a preform; and
anschließend der Keramikblock (10) mit dem Polymer¬ material (30) mit einer Substanz oder einem Sub¬ stanzgemisch bei einer Temperatur T und unter hohem Druck p, bei dem die Substanz/das Substanzgemisch überkritisch ist, behandelt wird, so daß der thermopla¬ stische Kunststoff fließfähig und/oder formbar wird.then the ceramic block (10) with the polymer material (30) is treated with a substance or a mixture of substances at a temperature T and under high pressure p, at which the substance / the mixture of substances is supercritical, so that the thermoplastic plastic becomes flowable and / or malleable.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Substanz oder das Substanzgemisch aus Kohlendioxid, Ethylen, Propan, Wasser und/oder Stickstoff besteht.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the substance or the mixture of substances consists of carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane, water and / or nitrogen.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß der Druck p zwischen etwa 5 x lO6 Pa und etwa 8 x IO7 Pa beträgt.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the pressure p is between about 5 x 10 6 Pa and about 8 x 10 7 Pa.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck p zwischen etwa 5 x IO6 Pa und 2 x IO7 Pa beträgt. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure p is between about 5 x IO 6 Pa and 2 x IO 7 Pa.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur T weniger als etwa 37°C beträgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the temperature T is less than about 37 ° C.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Polymermaterial und/oder der Substanz/dem Substanzgemisch zumindest ein biologisch wirksa¬ mes Agens zugegeben wird.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one biologically active agent is added to the polymer material and / or the substance / the substance mixture.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Kanäle (20, 22, 24) mit einem Durchmesser von 2 bis 4 mm gebildet werden.8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the channels (20, 22, 24) are formed with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Kanäle (20, 22) parallel zueinander verlaufend gebildet werden.9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the channels (20, 22) are formed running parallel to each other.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch l oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich¬ net, daß die Kanäle (20, 22, 24) in wenigstens zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt sind, wobei innerhalb einer solchen Gruppe die Kanäle untereinander parallel verlaufen und wobei die Kanäle10. The method according to claim l or 2, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the channels (20, 22, 24) are divided into at least two groups, wherein within such a group the channels run parallel to each other and wherein the channels
(24) mindestens einer der Gruppen schräg zu Kanälen (20, 22) einer weiteren Gruppe verlaufen.(24) at least one of the groups runs obliquely to channels (20, 22) of a further group.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (24) mindestens einer der Gruppen senkrecht zu Kanälen (20, 22) einer weiteren Gruppe verlaufen.11. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the channels (24) of at least one of the groups run perpendicular to channels (20, 22) of a further group.
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (20, 22, 24) an zumindest einer Seite verschlossen sind. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the channels (20, 22, 24) are closed on at least one side.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19610715 | 1996-03-19 | ||
DE1996110715 DE19610715C1 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Manufacture of bone replacement material |
PCT/DE1997/000198 WO1997034546A1 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1997-01-31 | Process for producing a bone substitute material |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0888096A1 true EP0888096A1 (en) | 1999-01-07 |
Family
ID=7788708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97907038A Withdrawn EP0888096A1 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1997-01-31 | Process for producing a bone substitute material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0888096A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1923797A (en) |
DE (1) | DE19610715C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997034546A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
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AU7031498A (en) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-22 | Implico B.V. | An artefact suitable for use as a bone implant |
DE19721661A1 (en) * | 1997-05-23 | 1998-11-26 | Zimmer Markus | Bone and cartilage replacement structures |
US6296667B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2001-10-02 | Phillips-Origen Ceramic Technology, Llc | Bone substitutes |
US6977095B1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 2005-12-20 | Wright Medical Technology Inc. | Process for producing rigid reticulated articles |
US6136029A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2000-10-24 | Phillips-Origen Ceramic Technology, Llc | Bone substitute materials |
US5899939A (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 1999-05-04 | Osteotech, Inc. | Bone-derived implant for load-supporting applications |
DE19812195C2 (en) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-03-30 | Uwe Storch | Process for producing a tissue-forming implant and its use |
DE10126085A1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-05 | Tutogen Medical Gmbh | bone implant |
CN1294885C (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2007-01-17 | 江苏阳生生物工程有限公司 | Biotechnological body bone tissue rack and its making process and use |
DE20205016U1 (en) * | 2002-03-30 | 2003-08-14 | Mathys Medizinaltechnik Ag Bet | Surgical implant |
US20040002770A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-01 | King Richard S. | Polymer-bioceramic composite for orthopaedic applications and method of manufacture thereof |
DE102004016883A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Coripharm Medizinprodukte Gmbh & Co. Kg. | A method for producing a bone implant material with improved mechanical strength on the basis of shaped bodies of porous implant material and implant material produced by the method |
DE102004035182B4 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2008-05-29 | Innovent E.V. Technologieentwicklung | Implant material, a process for its preparation and its use |
US7879275B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2011-02-01 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Orthopaedic bearing and method for making the same |
US7896921B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2011-03-01 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Orthopaedic bearing and method for making the same |
US7883653B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2011-02-08 | Depuy Products, Inc. | Method of making an implantable orthopaedic bearing |
FR2887760B1 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-07-04 | Kasios Soc Par Actions Simplif | NEW THRUST FOR TIBIAL OR FEMALE OSTEOTOMY |
EP2014256A1 (en) | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-14 | Straumann Holding AG | Composite bone repair material |
DE102007056993A1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-04 | Kilian Kraus | Bone-contacting implants |
WO2013120217A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | Straumann Holding Ag | Bone repair material |
WO2013120214A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-22 | Straumann Holding Ag | Bone repair material |
US10028841B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2018-07-24 | K2M, Inc. | Interbody spacer |
US20160213405A1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-07-28 | K2M, Inc. | Vertebral plate systems and methods of use |
JP7466267B2 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2024-04-12 | ストライカー・ユーロピアン・オペレイションズ・ホールディングス・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | Fusion cage with integrated fixation and insertion features |
US11006981B2 (en) | 2017-07-07 | 2021-05-18 | K2M, Inc. | Surgical implant and methods of additive manufacturing |
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US4070514A (en) * | 1973-06-05 | 1978-01-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method of fabricating graphite for use as a skeletal prosthesis and product thereof |
JPS53144194A (en) * | 1977-05-20 | 1978-12-15 | Kureha Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Compound implanted material and making method thereof |
DE3042003A1 (en) * | 1980-10-10 | 1982-07-15 | Hans Dr. 5609 Hückeswagen Reimer | Bone cement reinforcing component - comprises thread structure compatible with body tissue forming soft sponge |
GB2148122B (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1986-10-22 | Gendler El | Process for stimulating induction of bone formation and stimulation of bone regeneration by artificially perforated bone matrix |
JP2706467B2 (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1998-01-28 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Artificial bone structure for bone transplantation |
DE3826915A1 (en) * | 1988-08-09 | 1990-02-15 | Henkel Kgaa | NEW MATERIALS FOR BONE REPLACEMENT AND BONE OR PROSTHESIS COMPOSITION |
US5112354A (en) * | 1989-11-16 | 1992-05-12 | Northwestern University | Bone allograft material and method |
US5290494A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-03-01 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Process of making a resorbable implantation device |
ATE120637T1 (en) * | 1990-12-19 | 1995-04-15 | Haerle Anton | BONE REPLACEMENT. |
DE4120325A1 (en) * | 1991-06-20 | 1992-12-24 | Merck Patent Gmbh | IMPLANT MATERIAL |
-
1996
- 1996-03-19 DE DE1996110715 patent/DE19610715C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-01-31 EP EP97907038A patent/EP0888096A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-01-31 AU AU19237/97A patent/AU1923797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-31 WO PCT/DE1997/000198 patent/WO1997034546A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9734546A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19610715C1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
WO1997034546A1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
AU1923797A (en) | 1997-10-10 |
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