EP0886722B1 - Prevention of encrustation of a steam turbine blade by injection of pure steam - Google Patents

Prevention of encrustation of a steam turbine blade by injection of pure steam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0886722B1
EP0886722B1 EP97915337A EP97915337A EP0886722B1 EP 0886722 B1 EP0886722 B1 EP 0886722B1 EP 97915337 A EP97915337 A EP 97915337A EP 97915337 A EP97915337 A EP 97915337A EP 0886722 B1 EP0886722 B1 EP 0886722B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
turbine
blade
fluid
steam turbine
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EP97915337A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0886722A1 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Oeynhausen
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/007Preventing corrosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12Blades
    • F01D5/28Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00Function
    • F05D2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/202Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine, in particular one Low pressure steam turbine, with a turbine blade, which is directed along a major axis and a curved inflow surface for steam, as well as a use of the Steam turbine.
  • DE-A-4 105 128 describes a method known for lignite processing.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine, which is suitable for operation with aggressive steam. Another task is to use a to specify such a steam turbine.
  • the task aimed at a steam turbine is performed by a Steam turbine, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, solved, which has a turbine blade which runs along a Main axis is directed to a blade root for anchoring in a housing (guide vane) or a turbine shaft (Blade), a curved inflow surface for steam and in has a fluid supply inside, which fluid supply fluidically with a plurality of fluid outlets is connected, each fluid discharge on the inflow surface opens, and which in the blade root to the outside is open, in a receiving the blade root Recess a flow channel for the supply of pure steam in the fluid supply is provided.
  • a Steam turbine in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, solved, which has a turbine blade which runs along a Main axis is directed to a blade root for anchoring in a housing (guide vane) or a turbine shaft (Blade), a curved inflow surface for steam and in has a fluid supply inside, which fluid supply fluidically with a plurality of fluid outlets is connected, each fluid discharge on
  • a turbine blade which has a fluid supply a fluidic connection to the inflow surface has, is when operating a steam turbine with aggressive Vapor reaches that flowing through the fluid supply and the fluid emerging at the outflow surface is the aggressive one Steam largely from the surface of the turbine blade is kept away. Depending on the throughput required of fluid through the fluid supply is dimensioned accordingly executed. You can do this as a hole or several holes, as well as an inner Show the hollow area of the turbine blade.
  • the aggressive one Steam for example from the drying of wet brown coal originates, can contain strong impurities a normal turbine blade for erosion, corrosion or can lead to deposits.
  • the Turbine blade for further protection against erosion and Corrosion with a special material, for example with low tension, or a special coating be provided on the surface.
  • the turbine blade preferably has a blade root Anchoring in a housing (guide vane) or in a Turbine shaft (blade) of a steam turbine, the Fluid supply in the blade root is open to the outside.
  • the blade root is thus structurally simple a supply of fluid, in particular pure steam or air, via the housing or the turbine shaft into the fluid supply into it.
  • the supply of the fluid also leads at most low flow resistance and loss of efficiency in the steam turbine.
  • the fluid supply is essentially parallel to the main axis educated.
  • the fluid supply can have an axial bore or have several axial bores.
  • the fluid discharges are preferably essentially each directed perpendicular to the main axis. You are through this particularly simple, for example as holes or through Castable producible. Training the fluid supply as well the fluid discharges as holes also allow this retrofitted into the turbine blade. hereby can also change the distribution of fluid discharges the inflow surface and in other surface areas of the Turbine blade according to the steam conditions in one Steam turbine to be changed. By supplying pure steam over the fluid discharge is over the inflow surface as well as further downstream surface areas of the Turbine blade creates a vapor film. This vapor film diminished or completely prevents contact of the aggressive steam contaminated with contaminants with the surface the turbine blade. The steam film also prevents a deposit of entrained in the aggressive steam Contamination on the surface and thus at least causes a significant reduction in erosion and corrosion on the inflow surface of the turbine blade.
  • the flow channel is preferably in the recess as executed a groove that several turbine blades, i. their Bucket feet, fluidly connected.
  • the groove is preferably an annular groove in the housing the steam turbine or in the turbine shaft.
  • the steam turbine is particularly suitable for use in a plant for drying fuel, especially wet Lignite, for a power plant.
  • Wet lignite for example, can improve efficiency a lignite-fired power plant become.
  • the lignite can be of low quality Steam, for example from a tap in a low-pressure turbine section, be dried. The one that evaporates from the brown coal Moisture is trapped in the steam and up led to a saturated steam condition. This saturated steam can be in relaxed in a low pressure turbine to below 0.1 bar become. In this way at least part of the thermal energy, which is used to dry the wet brown coal again recovered.
  • the one produced from the wet brown coal Steam may contain severe contaminants, especially Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, chloride, Nitrates and sulfates. When operating a low pressure steam turbine this could lead to increased corrosion and / or erosion of the turbine blades, which results in Steam turbine according to the invention by the design the turbine blades are largely avoided.
  • FIG 1 is a section of a longitudinal section through a Steam turbine 14, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, shown.
  • a housing 8 of the steam turbine 14 is one Turbine shaft 9 shown.
  • the turbine shaft 9 has an annular shape Recesses 12 for receiving blades 1a on.
  • the housing 8 has annular recesses 12 to accommodate guide vanes 1b.
  • the clarity for the sake of it is only one blade 1a and one guide blade 1b.
  • Each turbine blade 1, i.e. each Blade 1a and each vane 1b has a corresponding one Blade root 7.
  • the respective recesses 12 are in their shape adapted to the blade root 7. Every turbine blade 1 is directed along a main axis 2.
  • the fluid outlets 6 extend itself from the fluid supply 5 to one of the Steam turbine 14 facing steam flow 21 semicircular inflow surface 3 (see FIG 2).
  • the fluid drains 6 are over part of the surface of the turbine blade 1 forming inflow surface 3 so that the Inflow surface 3 is covered with a vapor film 11.
  • the Steam film 11 is created by a steam flow 10, which over a flow channel 13 extending in the recess 12 is supplied becomes.
  • the inflow surface 3 and possibly further downstream surface areas of the turbine blade 1 are thus protected against the steam flow 21.
  • entrained contaminants for example from the drying of wet brown coal, are thus stored neither on the inflow surface 3, nor do they lead to an increased Corrosion or erosion of the turbine blade 1.
  • the Flow channel 13 is a circumferential in the recess 12 Groove 13a, through which all turbine blades 1 of a guide blade row or a row of blades aerodynamically are interconnected.
  • the groove 13a can for example via an axial bore (not shown) in the turbine shaft 9 or the housing 8 are supplied with pure steam 16, in such a bore several axially spaced apart Grooves 13a can be connected.
  • FIG. 2 shows sections on an enlarged scale a cross section through a row of blades with two blades 1a.
  • Each blade 1a has a semi-circular shape curved inflow surface directed in the direction of the main axis 2 3.
  • Approximately in the center of the semicircularly curved inflow surface 3 is the one with a circular cross-section trained fluid supply 5 arranged.
  • In the illustrated Cross section leads directly from the fluid supply 5 opposite to the main direction of the steam flow 21 a Fluid discharge 6 to the inflow surface 3.
  • the main axis 2 above and below that shown Cross-section extending further cross-section are two each at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the fluid discharge 6 rotated further fluid discharges 6 shown.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an arrangement of a power plant 19 with a high-pressure turbine 22, one as a steam source 20 serving low pressure turbine and an associated generator 15.
  • the low pressure turbine is a steam source 20 for pure steam 16 and has a tap for discharging Low pressure steam on.
  • This pure steam 16 becomes a system 17 supplied for drying a fuel 18 or waste. The drying creates an aggressive vapor, which impurities such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Contains iron, chloride, nitrates or sulfates.
  • This Steam is a low pressure steam turbine 14, which also is connected to a generator 15.
  • This Low-pressure steam turbine 14 has analogous to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 Turbine blades 1 on which one inside horizontal fluid supply of pure steam 16 is supplied to the steam source 20 becomes.
  • This pure steam 16 occurs on an inflow surface 3 of the turbine blades 1, whereby this compared to the aggressive steam are protected.
  • the invention is characterized by a steam turbine with a Turbine blade that has a fluid supply inside, especially for pure steam, which has a A plurality of fluid outlets connected to an inflow surface is.
  • a steam turbine with a Turbine blade that has a fluid supply inside, especially for pure steam, which has a A plurality of fluid outlets connected to an inflow surface is.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dampfturbine, insbesondere eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine, mit einer Turbinenschaufel, welche entlang einer Hauptachse gerichtet ist und eine gekrümmte Anströmfläche für Dampf aufweist, sowie eine Verwendung der Dampfturbine.The invention relates to a steam turbine, in particular one Low pressure steam turbine, with a turbine blade, which is directed along a major axis and a curved inflow surface for steam, as well as a use of the Steam turbine.

In der DE 43 35 598 A1 ist die Thematik des Foulings an einem Verdichter oder einer Entspannungsgasturbine, die einer Gasturbinenanlage vorgeschaltet sind, behandelt. Es besteht hierbei die Gefahr, daß eine Vereisung bzw. Anlagerung von Schmutzpartikeln stattfindet, da Luft aus dem Verdichter gekühlt und der Entspannungsgasturbine zugeführt wird. Dies soll dadurch verhindert werden, daß in die Schaufeln der Entspannungsgasturbine eine zentrale Bohrung und von dort abzweigende, an die Schaufeloberfläche führende radiale Bohrungen vorgesehen sind. Durch in dem Verdichter erwärmte Luft, werden die Schaufeln erwärmt, was zu einem Schmelzen des Eises führt. Hierdurch entsteht an der Oberfläche der Schaufeln der Entspannungsgasturbine ein Wasserschutzfilm, durch den gegebenenfalls auch Schmutzpartikel abgeführt werden. Die Entspannungsgasturbine wird hierbei mit demselben Medium, nämlich der durch den Verdichter verdichteten Luft, betrieben, mit dem auch bereits die Schaufeln durchströmt werden.DE 43 35 598 A1 describes the subject of fouling on one Compressor or a relaxation gas turbine which one Gas turbine system are treated upstream. It exists here the risk that icing or accumulation of Dirt particles take place because air is cooled from the compressor and is supplied to the expansion gas turbine. This is to be prevented in that in the blades of the expansion gas turbine a central hole and branching from there, radial bores leading to the blade surface are provided. By air heated in the compressor the blades are heated, causing the ice to melt leads. This creates on the surface of the blades the expansion gas turbine a water protection film through which if necessary, dirt particles are also removed. The Relaxation gas turbine is here with the same medium, namely the air compressed by the compressor, operated, with which the blades are already flowing.

Aus dem Buch "Dampfturbinen" von F. Dietzel, 3. Auflage, 1980, Carl Hanser Verlag München - Wien, sind verschiedene Dampfturbinen bekannt. Abschnitt 3.3.3 "Erosion der Schaufelkanten" befaßt sich mit der Vermeidung von an Abströmkanten auftretender Erosion bei großen Kondensationsdampfturbinen. Zur Verringerung der auftretenden Erosion wird einerseits eine Entwässerung der Dampfturbine sowie andererseits eine mechanische Bearbeitung der Turbinenschaufeln angegeben. Diese mechanische Bearbeitung besteht in einem Auflöten von verschleißfesten Werkstoffen oder einer Induktionshärtung der Turbinenschaufel.From the book "Dampfturbinen" by F. Dietzel, 3rd edition, 1980, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich - Vienna, are different Steam turbines known. Section 3.3.3 "Erosion of the blade edges" deals with the avoidance of trailing edges erosion occurring in large condensation steam turbines. On the one hand, to reduce the erosion that occurs a drainage of the steam turbine and, on the other hand, a mechanical processing of the turbine blades specified. This mechanical processing consists in soldering on wear-resistant materials or induction hardening of the Turbine blade.

Aus DE-A-4 105 128 ist ein Verfahren zur Braunkohlenaufbereitung bekannt.DE-A-4 105 128 describes a method known for lignite processing.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Dampfturbine anzugeben, die für einen Betrieb mit aggressivem Dampf geeignet ist. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, eine Verwendung einer solchen Dampfturbine anzugeben.The object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine, which is suitable for operation with aggressive steam. Another task is to use a to specify such a steam turbine.

Die auf eine Dampfturbine gerichtete Aufgabe wird durch eine Dampfturbine, insbesondere eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine, gelöst, die eine Turbinenschaufel aufweist, welche entlang einer Hauptachse gerichtet ist, einen Schaufelfuß zur Verankerung in einem Gehäuse (Leitschaufel) oder einer Turbinenwelle (Laufschaufel), eine gekrümmte Anströmfläche für Dampf und in ihrem Inneren eine Fluidzuführung aufweist, welche Fluidzuführung mit einer Mehrzahl von Fluidabführungen strömungstechnisch verbunden ist, wobei jede Fluidabführung an der Anströmfläche mündet, und welche in dem Schaufelfuß nach außen geöffnet ist, wobei in einer den Schaufelfuß aufnehmenden Ausnehmung ein Strömungskanal zur Zuführung von Reindampf in die Fluidzuführung vorgesehen ist.The task aimed at a steam turbine is performed by a Steam turbine, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, solved, which has a turbine blade which runs along a Main axis is directed to a blade root for anchoring in a housing (guide vane) or a turbine shaft (Blade), a curved inflow surface for steam and in has a fluid supply inside, which fluid supply fluidically with a plurality of fluid outlets is connected, each fluid discharge on the inflow surface opens, and which in the blade root to the outside is open, in a receiving the blade root Recess a flow channel for the supply of pure steam in the fluid supply is provided.

Durch eine Zuführung von Reindampf oder einem anderen verunreinigungsfreien Fluid durch den Schaufelfuß und die Turbinenschaufel hindurch an die Anströmfläche wird über der Anströmfläche und gegebenenfalls weiteren Bereichen der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel ein schützender Fluidfilm, insbesondere Dampffilm, erzeugt. Dieser Dampffilm bildet eine Grenzschicht um die Turbinenschaufel herum, welche den durch die Dampfturbine strömenden Dampf von der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel weitgehend fernhält. Hierdurch ist es möglich, die Dampfturbine mit einem aggressiven Dampf zu betreiben, welcher beispielsweise aus der Trocknung von Braunkohle oder anderem brennbaren Material, wie beispielsweise Haus- oder Industriemüll, verunreinigt wird. Als Verunreinigungen können hierbei insbesondere Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Magnesium, Eisen, Chlorid, Nitrate sowie Sulfate auftreten. Ein bei der Trocknung von Braunkohle entstehender Dampf wird als "Brüdendampf" bezeichnet. Durch den Dampffilm um die Anströmfläche herum wird eine Anlagerung von Verunreinigungen vermieden sowie die Korrosionsgefahr und eine Erosion deutlich vermindert.By adding pure steam or another non-contaminant Fluid through the blade root and the turbine blade through to the inflow surface becomes above the inflow surface and possibly further areas of the surface the turbine blade has a protective fluid film, in particular Steam film. This vapor film forms one Boundary layer around the turbine blade, which through the the steam turbine flowing steam from the surface of the turbine blade largely keeps away. This makes it possible to operate the steam turbine with an aggressive steam, which, for example, from the drying of brown coal or other combustible material, such as house or Industrial waste that becomes contaminated. As impurities can in particular sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, Chloride, nitrates and sulfates occur. One at the Drying lignite generated steam is considered Inscribed "vapor steam". Through the steam film around the inflow surface accumulation of contaminants is avoided around as well as the risk of corrosion and erosion reduced.

Durch eine Turbinenschaufel, welche eine Fluidzuführung mit einer strömungstechnischen Anbindung an die Anströmfläche aufweist, ist bei einem Betrieb einer Dampfturbine mit aggressivem Dampf erreicht, daß durch die Fluidzuführung strömendes und an der Abströmfläche austretendes Fluid der aggressive Dampf weitgehend von der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel fern gehalten wird. Je nach erforderlichem Durchsatz von Fluid durch die Fluidzuführung ist diese entsprechend dimensioniert ausgeführt. Sie kann hierbei als eine Bohrung oder mehrere Bohrungen ausgeführt sein, sowie einen inneren Hohlbereich der Turbinenschaufel darstellen. Der aggressive Dampf, welcher beispielsweise aus der Trocknung nasser Braunkohle stammt, kann starke Verunreinigungen enthalten, die bei einer normalen Turbinenschaufel zur Erosion, Korrosion oder zu Ablagerungen führen können. Selbstverständlich kann die Turbinenschaufel zu einem weiteren Schutz gegen Erosion und Korrosion mit einem speziellen Werkstoff, beispielsweise mit niedrigem Spannungszustand, oder einer speziellen Beschichtung an der Oberfläche versehen sein.Through a turbine blade, which has a fluid supply a fluidic connection to the inflow surface has, is when operating a steam turbine with aggressive Vapor reaches that flowing through the fluid supply and the fluid emerging at the outflow surface is the aggressive one Steam largely from the surface of the turbine blade is kept away. Depending on the throughput required of fluid through the fluid supply is dimensioned accordingly executed. You can do this as a hole or several holes, as well as an inner Show the hollow area of the turbine blade. The aggressive one Steam, for example from the drying of wet brown coal originates, can contain strong impurities a normal turbine blade for erosion, corrosion or can lead to deposits. Of course, the Turbine blade for further protection against erosion and Corrosion with a special material, for example with low tension, or a special coating be provided on the surface.

Die Turbinenschaufel hat vorzugsweise einen Schaufelfuß zur Verankerung in einem Gehäuse (Leitschaufel) oder in einer Turbinenwelle (Laufschaufel) einer Dampfturbine, wobei die Fluidzuführung in dem Schaufelfuß nach außen geöffnet ist. Durch den Schaufelfuß hindurch ist somit konstruktiv einfach eine Zuführung von Fluid, insbesondere Reindampf oder Luft, über das Gehäuse bzw. die Turbinenwelle in die Fluidzuführung hinein ermöglicht. Die Zuführung des Fluides führt somit auch zu allenfalls geringen Strömungswiderständen und Wirkungsgradverlusten in der Dampfturbine.The turbine blade preferably has a blade root Anchoring in a housing (guide vane) or in a Turbine shaft (blade) of a steam turbine, the Fluid supply in the blade root is open to the outside. Through the blade root is thus structurally simple a supply of fluid, in particular pure steam or air, via the housing or the turbine shaft into the fluid supply into it. The supply of the fluid also leads at most low flow resistance and loss of efficiency in the steam turbine.

Die Fluidzuführung ist im wesentlichen parallel zur Hauptachse ausgebildet. Die Fluidzuführung kann eine axiale Bohrung oder mehrere axiale Bohrungen aufweisen.The fluid supply is essentially parallel to the main axis educated. The fluid supply can have an axial bore or have several axial bores.

Die Fluidabführungen sind jeweils vorzugsweise im wesentlichen senkrecht zur Hauptachse gerichtet. Sie sind hierdurch besonders einfach, beispielsweise als Bohrungen oder durch Gießen herstellbar. Eine Ausbildung der Fluidzuführung sowie der Fluidabführungen als Bohrungen gestattet es auch, diese nachträglich in die Turbinenschaufel einzubringen. Hierdurch kann auch nachträglich die Verteilung der Fluidabführungen an der Anströmfläche sowie in anderen Oberflächenbereichen der Turbinenschaufel entsprechend den Dampfbedingungen in einer Dampfturbine geändert werden. Durch eine Zuführung von Reindampf über die Fluidabführungen wird über die Anströmfläche sowie über weiter stromab liegende Oberflächenbereiche der Turbinenschaufel ein Dampffilm erzeugt. Dieser Dampffilm vermindert oder verhindert vollständig einen Kontakt des aggressiven mit Verunreinigungen belasteten Dampfes mit der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel. Der Dampffilm verhindert zudem eine Ablagerung von in dem aggressiven Dampf mitgeführten Verunreinigungen an der Oberfläche und bewirkt somit auch zumindest eine deutliche Reduzierung von Erosion und Korrosion an der Anströmfläche der Turbinenschaufel.The fluid discharges are preferably essentially each directed perpendicular to the main axis. You are through this particularly simple, for example as holes or through Castable producible. Training the fluid supply as well the fluid discharges as holes also allow this retrofitted into the turbine blade. hereby can also change the distribution of fluid discharges the inflow surface and in other surface areas of the Turbine blade according to the steam conditions in one Steam turbine to be changed. By supplying pure steam over the fluid discharge is over the inflow surface as well as further downstream surface areas of the Turbine blade creates a vapor film. This vapor film diminished or completely prevents contact of the aggressive steam contaminated with contaminants with the surface the turbine blade. The steam film also prevents a deposit of entrained in the aggressive steam Contamination on the surface and thus at least causes a significant reduction in erosion and corrosion on the inflow surface of the turbine blade.

Der Strömungskanal ist in der Ausnehmung vorzugsweise als eine Nut ausgeführt, die mehrere Turbinenschaufeln, d.h. deren Schaufelfüße, strömungstechnisch miteinander verbindet. Die Nut ist hierbei vorzugsweise als Ringnut in dem Gehäuse der Dampfturbine bzw. in der Turbinenwelle ausgeführt. The flow channel is preferably in the recess as executed a groove that several turbine blades, i. their Bucket feet, fluidly connected. The groove is preferably an annular groove in the housing the steam turbine or in the turbine shaft.

Die Dampfturbine eignet sich besonders für eine Verwendung in einer Anlage zur Trocknung von Brennstoff, insbesondere nasser Braunkohle, für eine Kraftwerksanlage. Durch eine Trocknung von nasser Braunkohle kann beispielsweise der Wirkungsgrad einer mit Braunkohle befeuerten Kraftwerksanlage gesteigert werden. Die Braunkohle kann hierbei mit niederwertigem Dampf, beispielsweise aus einer Anzapfung einer Niederdruck-Teilturbine, getrocknet werden. Die aus der Braunkohle verdunstende Feuchtigkeit wird in dem Dampf aufgefangen und bis zu einem Sattdampfzustand geführt. Dieser Sattdampf kann in einer Niederdruck-Turbine bis auf unter 0.1 bar entspannt werden. Hierdurch wird zumindest ein Teil der Wärmeenergie, die zum Trocknen der nassen Braunkohle aufgewandt wird, wieder zurückgewonnen. Der aus der nassen Braunkohle erzeugte Dampf enthält gegebenenfalls starke Verunreinigungen, insbesondere Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Magnesium, Eisen, Chlorid, Nitrate und Sulfate. Bei einem Betrieb einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine könnten diese zu einer erhöhten Korrosion und/oder Erosion der Turbinenschaufeln führen, was bei der erfindungsgemäßen Dampfturbine durch die konstruktive Ausgestaltung der Turbinenschaufeln weitgehend vermieden wird.The steam turbine is particularly suitable for use in a plant for drying fuel, especially wet Lignite, for a power plant. By drying Wet lignite, for example, can improve efficiency a lignite-fired power plant become. The lignite can be of low quality Steam, for example from a tap in a low-pressure turbine section, be dried. The one that evaporates from the brown coal Moisture is trapped in the steam and up led to a saturated steam condition. This saturated steam can be in relaxed in a low pressure turbine to below 0.1 bar become. In this way at least part of the thermal energy, which is used to dry the wet brown coal again recovered. The one produced from the wet brown coal Steam may contain severe contaminants, especially Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, chloride, Nitrates and sulfates. When operating a low pressure steam turbine this could lead to increased corrosion and / or erosion of the turbine blades, which results in Steam turbine according to the invention by the design the turbine blades are largely avoided.

Anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele werden die Dampfturbine mit Turbinenschaufel sowie die Verwendung einer Dampfturbine näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

FIG 1
in einem Ausschnitt eine Dampfturbine mit Turbinenschaufeln in einem Längsschnitt,
FIG 2
einen Querschnitt durch eine Turbinenschaufelreihe gemäß FIG 1 und
FIG 3
eine schematische Anordnung einer Dampfturbine in einer Trocknungsanlage für Brennstoff oder Abfall.
The steam turbine with turbine blade and the use of a steam turbine are explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
FIG. 1
in a cutout a steam turbine with turbine blades in a longitudinal section,
FIG 2
a cross section through a turbine blade row according to FIG 1 and
FIG 3
a schematic arrangement of a steam turbine in a drying plant for fuel or waste.

In FIG 1 ist ein Ausschnitt eines Längsschnittes durch eine Dampfturbine 14, insbesondere eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine, dargestellt. In einem Gehäuse 8 der Dampfturbine 14 ist eine Turbinenwelle 9 dargestellt. Die Turbinenwelle 9 weist ringförmige Ausnehmungen 12 zur Aufnahme von Laufschaufeln 1a auf. Analog weist das Gehäuse 8 ringförmige Ausnehmungen 12 zur Aufnahme von Leitschaufeln 1b auf. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber ist jeweils nur eine Laufschaufel 1a sowie eine Leitschaufel 1b dargestellt. Jede Turbinenschaufel 1, d.h. jede Laufschaufel 1a und jede Leitschaufel 1b, hat einen entsprechenden Schaufelfuß 7. Die jeweiligen Ausnehmungen 12 sind in ihrer Form dem Schaufelfuß 7 angepaßt. Jede Turbinenschaufel 1 ist entlang einer Hauptachse 2 gerichtet. Von dem Schaufelfuß 7 ausgehend ist in jeder dargestellten Turbinenschaufel 1 eine parallel zur Hauptachse 2 verlaufende, die Turbinenschaufel 1 fast vollständig durchdringende, als Bohrung ausgebildete Fluidzuführung 5 vorhanden. Von der Fluidzuführung 5 zweigt eine Mehrzahl ebenfalls als Bohrungen ausgebildeter Fluidabführungen 6 senkrecht ab. Die Fluidabführungen 6 erstrecken sich von der Fluidzuführung 5 bis zu einer der die Dampfturbine 14 betreibenden Dampfströmung 21 zugewandten halbkreisförmigen Anströmfläche 3 (siehe FIG 2). Die Fluidabführungen 6 sind über die einen Teil der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel 1 bildende Anströmfläche 3 so verteilt, daß die Anströmfläche 3 mit einem Dampffilm 11 bedeckt ist. Der Dampffilm 11 entsteht durch einen Dampfstrom 10, der über einen in der Ausnehmung 12 verlaufenden Strömungskanal 13 zugeführt wird. Die Anströmfläche 3 sowie gegebenenfalls weiter stromab liegende Oberflächenbereiche der Turbinenschaufel 1 sind somit gegenüber der Dampfströmung 21 geschützt. In der Dampfströmung 21 mitgeführte Verunreinigungen, beispielsweise aus der Trocknung von nasser Braunkohle, lagern sich somit weder an die Anströmfläche 3 an, noch führen sie zu einer erhöhten Korrosion oder Erosion der Turbinenschaufel 1. Der Strömungskanal 13 ist eine in der Ausnehmung 12 umlaufende Nut 13a, durch die sämtliche Turbinenschaufeln 1 einer Leitschaufelreihe bzw. einer Laufschaufelreihe strömungstechnisch miteinander verbunden sind. Die Nut 13a kann beispielsweise über eine nicht dargestellte axiale Bohrung in der Turbinenwelle 9 bzw. dem Gehäuse 8 mit Reindampf 16 versorgt werden, wobei an eine solche Bohrung mehrere axial voneinander beabstandete Nuten 13a angebunden sein können.In Figure 1 is a section of a longitudinal section through a Steam turbine 14, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine, shown. In a housing 8 of the steam turbine 14 is one Turbine shaft 9 shown. The turbine shaft 9 has an annular shape Recesses 12 for receiving blades 1a on. Analogously, the housing 8 has annular recesses 12 to accommodate guide vanes 1b. The clarity for the sake of it is only one blade 1a and one guide blade 1b. Each turbine blade 1, i.e. each Blade 1a and each vane 1b has a corresponding one Blade root 7. The respective recesses 12 are in their shape adapted to the blade root 7. Every turbine blade 1 is directed along a main axis 2. From the blade root 7 is in each turbine blade 1 shown a turbine blade running parallel to the main axis 2 1 almost completely penetrating, designed as a bore Fluid supply 5 available. From the fluid supply 5 branches a plurality, also designed as bores Fluid outlets 6 from vertical. The fluid outlets 6 extend itself from the fluid supply 5 to one of the Steam turbine 14 facing steam flow 21 semicircular inflow surface 3 (see FIG 2). The fluid drains 6 are over part of the surface of the turbine blade 1 forming inflow surface 3 so that the Inflow surface 3 is covered with a vapor film 11. The Steam film 11 is created by a steam flow 10, which over a flow channel 13 extending in the recess 12 is supplied becomes. The inflow surface 3 and possibly further downstream surface areas of the turbine blade 1 are thus protected against the steam flow 21. In the Steam flow 21 entrained contaminants, for example from the drying of wet brown coal, are thus stored neither on the inflow surface 3, nor do they lead to an increased Corrosion or erosion of the turbine blade 1. The Flow channel 13 is a circumferential in the recess 12 Groove 13a, through which all turbine blades 1 of a guide blade row or a row of blades aerodynamically are interconnected. The groove 13a can for example via an axial bore (not shown) in the turbine shaft 9 or the housing 8 are supplied with pure steam 16, in such a bore several axially spaced apart Grooves 13a can be connected.

FIG 2 zeigt in einem vergrößertem Maßstab ausschnittsweise einen Querschnitt durch eine Laufschaufelreihe mit zwei Laufschaufeln 1a. Jede Laufschaufel 1a hat eine halbkreisförmig gekrümmte in Richtung der Hauptachse 2 gerichtete Anströmfläche 3. Etwa im Mittelpunkt der halbkreisförmig gekrümmten Anströmfläche 3 ist die als Bohrung mit kreisförmigen Querschnitt ausgebildete Fluidzuführung 5 angeordnet. In dem dargestellten Querschnitt führt von der Fluidzuführung 5 direkt entgegengesetzt der Hauptrichtung der Dampfströmung 21 eine Fluidabführung 6 zur Anströmfläche 3. In einem in Richtung der Hauptachse 2 oberhalb sowie unterhalb des dargestellten Querschnitts verlaufenden weiteren Querschnitts sind zwei jeweils um einen Winkel von etwa 45° gegenüber der Fluidabführung 6 gedrehte weitere Fluidabführungen 6 dargestellt. Durch eine in Richtung der Hauptachse 2 alternierende Anordnung von Fluidabführungen 6 wird eine besonders gleichmäßige Ausbildung des Dampffilms 11 erreicht.2 shows sections on an enlarged scale a cross section through a row of blades with two blades 1a. Each blade 1a has a semi-circular shape curved inflow surface directed in the direction of the main axis 2 3. Approximately in the center of the semicircularly curved inflow surface 3 is the one with a circular cross-section trained fluid supply 5 arranged. In the illustrated Cross section leads directly from the fluid supply 5 opposite to the main direction of the steam flow 21 a Fluid discharge 6 to the inflow surface 3. In one direction the main axis 2 above and below that shown Cross-section extending further cross-section are two each at an angle of approximately 45 ° to the fluid discharge 6 rotated further fluid discharges 6 shown. By an alternating arrangement in the direction of the main axis 2 of Fluid discharges 6 are particularly uniform of the steam film 11 reached.

FIG 3 zeigt schematisch eine Anordnung einer Kraftwerksanlage 19 mit einer Hochdruck-Turbine 22, einer als Dampfquelle 20 dienende Niederdruck-Turbine und einem damit verbundenen Generator 15. Die Niederdruck-Turbine ist eine Dampfquelle 20 für Reindampf 16 und weist eine Anzapfung zur Ausleitung von Niederdruck-Dampf auf. Dieser Reindampf 16 wird einer Anlage 17 zur Trocknung eines Brennstoffs 18 oder von Abfall zugeleitet. Durch die Trocknung entsteht ein aggressiver Dampf, welcher Verunreinigungen, wie Natrium, Kalium, Kalzium, Magnesium, Eisen, Chlorid, Nitrate oder Sulfate enthält. Dieser Dampf wird einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 14, die ebenfalls an einen Generator 15 angeschlossen ist, zugeleitet. Diese Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 14 weist analog zu FIG 1 und FIG 2 Turbinenschaufeln 1 auf, denen durch eine in ihrem Inneren liegende Fluidzuführung Reindampf 16 der Dampfquelle 20 zugeführt wird. Dieser Reindampf 16 tritt an einer Anstromfläche 3 der Turbinenschaufeln 1 aus, wodurch diese gegenüber dem aggressiven Dampf geschützt sind.3 schematically shows an arrangement of a power plant 19 with a high-pressure turbine 22, one as a steam source 20 serving low pressure turbine and an associated generator 15. The low pressure turbine is a steam source 20 for pure steam 16 and has a tap for discharging Low pressure steam on. This pure steam 16 becomes a system 17 supplied for drying a fuel 18 or waste. The drying creates an aggressive vapor, which impurities such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, Contains iron, chloride, nitrates or sulfates. This Steam is a low pressure steam turbine 14, which also is connected to a generator 15. This Low-pressure steam turbine 14 has analogous to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 Turbine blades 1 on which one inside horizontal fluid supply of pure steam 16 is supplied to the steam source 20 becomes. This pure steam 16 occurs on an inflow surface 3 of the turbine blades 1, whereby this compared to the aggressive steam are protected.

Die Erfindung zeichnet sich durch eine Dampfturbine mit einer Turbinenschaufel aus, die in ihrem Inneren eine Fluidzuführung, insbesondere für Reindampf, aufweist, welche über eine Mehrzahl von Fluidabführungen mit einer Anströmfläche verbunden ist. Durch eine Zuführung von Reindampf, insbesondere über den Schaufelfuß der Turbinenschaufel, in die Fluidzuführung und damit an die Anströmfläche wird ein die Anströmfläche überdeckender Dampffilm gebildet. Dieser bietet einen Schutz gegen aggressiven Dampf mit dem die Dampfturbine, in der die Turbinenschaufel angeordnet ist, betrieben wird. Eine Dampfturbine mit einer solchen Turbinenschaufel eignet sich vorzugsweise bei Verwendung eines aggressiven Dampfes aus einem Trocknungsprozeß von nasser Braunkohle, bei dem Dampf mit starken Verunreinigungen entsteht. Durch die konstruktive Zuführung von Reindampf wird somit sicher eine Ablagerung der aggressiven Verunreinigungen auf der Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel verhindert sowie Erosion und Korrosion der Turbinenschaufel zumindest deutlich vermindert.The invention is characterized by a steam turbine with a Turbine blade that has a fluid supply inside, especially for pure steam, which has a A plurality of fluid outlets connected to an inflow surface is. By supplying pure steam, in particular over the blade root of the turbine blade, into the fluid supply and thus the inflow surface becomes the inflow surface covering vapor film formed. This offers one Protection against aggressive steam with which the steam turbine, in which the turbine blade is arranged is operated. A Steam turbine with such a turbine blade is suitable preferably when using an aggressive steam from a Drying process of wet brown coal, with the steam strong impurities. Through the constructive feed of pure steam is thus a deposit of the aggressive contaminants on the surface of the turbine blade prevents as well as erosion and corrosion of the turbine blade at least significantly reduced.

Claims (6)

  1. Steam turbine (14) for loading with contaminated steam, in particular low-pressure steam turbine, with a turbine blade (1) which is directed along a main axis (2) and has a blade foot (7) for anchoring in a casing (8) or a turbine shaft (9), and a curved onflow surface (3) for steam, and characterized in that it has, in its interior (4), a fluid supply (5), which fluid supply (5)
    a) is flow-connected to a plurality of fluid discharges (6), each fluid discharge (6) issuing on the onflow surface (3), and
    b) is opened outwards in the blade foot (7),
    a flow duct (13) for supplying pure steam (16) for the fluid supply (5) being provided in a recess (12) receiving the blade foot (7).
  2. Steam turbine (14) according to Claim 1, in which the fluid discharges (6) of the turbine blade (1) are distributed over the onflow surface (3) in such a way that a steam stream (10) fed in via the fluid supply (5) gives rise to a steam film (11) protectively covering the onflow surface (5).
  3. Steam turbine (14) according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the fluid supply (5) of the turbine blade (1) runs essentially parallel to the main axis (2).
  4. Steam turbine (14) according to one of the preceding claims, in which each fluid discharge (6) of the turbine blade (1) is directed essentially perpendicularly to the main axis (2).
  5. Steam turbine (14) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow duct (13) is a groove (13a) running in the recess (12) and flow-connected to a plurality of turbine blades (1).
  6. Use of a steam turbine (14) according to Claim 4 or 5 in a plant (17) for the drying of fuel (18), in particular lignite, for a power plant (19), the steam (10) guided over the fuel (18) for drying purposes being delivered to the steam turbine (14), and, for the protection of the turbine blades (1), pure steam (16) being supplied to the flow duct (13) from a steam source (20), for example a steam turbine of the power plant (19).
EP97915337A 1996-03-14 1997-03-06 Prevention of encrustation of a steam turbine blade by injection of pure steam Expired - Lifetime EP0886722B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19610134 1996-03-14
DE19610134 1996-03-14
PCT/DE1997/000430 WO1997034075A1 (en) 1996-03-14 1997-03-06 Prevention of encrustation of a steam turbine blade by injection of pure steam

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EP0886722A1 EP0886722A1 (en) 1998-12-30
EP0886722B1 true EP0886722B1 (en) 2003-08-20

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EP97915337A Expired - Lifetime EP0886722B1 (en) 1996-03-14 1997-03-06 Prevention of encrustation of a steam turbine blade by injection of pure steam

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EP (1) EP0886722B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3863185B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1084823C (en)
DE (1) DE59710616D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997034075A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI120211B (en) 2005-06-14 2009-07-31 Waertsilae Finland Oy Turbocharger Turbine Unit and Method for Preventing the Turbocharger Turbine Unit from Scaling
DE102009037410B4 (en) * 2009-08-13 2012-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erosion protection for steam turbine stages
DE102009037411B4 (en) * 2009-08-13 2014-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erosion protection device for steam turbine stages

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4046094A (en) * 1976-05-03 1977-09-06 Preiser Herman S Antifouling system for active ships at rest
JPS5999002A (en) * 1982-11-30 1984-06-07 Toshiba Corp Steam turbin plant
DE4105128A1 (en) * 1991-02-15 1992-08-20 Ver Energiewerke Ag METHOD FOR TREATING BROWN COAL FOR GAS-STEAM COMBINATION PROCESSES
HUT66008A (en) * 1992-10-19 1994-08-29 Elin Energieversorgung Method and configuration of blade for preventing deposit from arising in gas-turbine
US5374162A (en) * 1993-11-30 1994-12-20 United Technologies Corporation Airfoil having coolable leading edge region

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CN1084823C (en) 2002-05-15
EP0886722A1 (en) 1998-12-30
JP3863185B2 (en) 2006-12-27
DE59710616D1 (en) 2003-10-02
WO1997034075A1 (en) 1997-09-18
CN1218533A (en) 1999-06-02
JP2000506246A (en) 2000-05-23

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