EP0883146B1 - Permanent magnetic kind of actuation for a switch - Google Patents

Permanent magnetic kind of actuation for a switch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0883146B1
EP0883146B1 EP98102629A EP98102629A EP0883146B1 EP 0883146 B1 EP0883146 B1 EP 0883146B1 EP 98102629 A EP98102629 A EP 98102629A EP 98102629 A EP98102629 A EP 98102629A EP 0883146 B1 EP0883146 B1 EP 0883146B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
drive according
yoke
slots
spacer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98102629A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0883146A3 (en
EP0883146B2 (en
EP0883146A2 (en
Inventor
Edgar Dr.Rer.Nat. Dullni
Christian Dr.-Ing. Reuber
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ABB AG Germany
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0883146A2 publication Critical patent/EP0883146A2/en
Publication of EP0883146A3 publication Critical patent/EP0883146A3/en
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Publication of EP0883146B1 publication Critical patent/EP0883146B1/en
Publication of EP0883146B2 publication Critical patent/EP0883146B2/en
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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086Structural details of the armature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1676Means for avoiding or reducing eddy currents in the magnetic circuit, e.g. radial slots

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a permanent magnetic drive according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a drive has become known for example from DE 43 04 921 C.
  • the yoke or core is formed by two U-shaped yoke halves formed in which the anchor is guided longitudinally displaceable.
  • the anchor according to the DE 43 04 921 C is laminated.
  • the object of the invention is a permanent magnetic drive of the aforementioned Art to further improve, so that with improved efficiency, the production of the drive is simplified.
  • the anchor according to the invention made of solid material; he receives to avoid eddy currents Slits that run in the direction of movement and in particular in cuboid Anchor both on the broadside and on the narrow longitudinal side perpendicular to the respective Surface are introduced into the material. It is made of magnetic Reasons advantageous to make the slots as narrow as possible.
  • these slots could also be filled with insulating material be.
  • the slots can now open into the faces or even in front of the faces end up. This can be done alternately and there is also the possibility that at least one of the slots opens into one end face and in front of the other end face ends.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention can the features of the claim 8 are taken.
  • the spacer have a broadening in the area of the bore, with one hole in each hole Bearing part can be used, which serve as the anchor guide rods Bolt is adapted.
  • the yoke plates which abut perpendicular to the spacer, in the area of broadening have other leg dimensions;
  • putties are inserted, which then, when the spacer Made of non-magnetic material, made of ferromagnetic material are. In this way it is achieved that the leg ends of the yoke plates all are the same length, so that a uniform Jochblechform can be used.
  • Another way of optimizing the tightening force is to anchor surfaces in the end regions adjacent to the yokes, in which according to claim 13 a stepped narrowing or according to claim 14, a gradual broadening is provided. In this way, the transition surface between the yoke plates can be varied to the anchor as needed.
  • Another way to optimize the tightening force is to use a ferromagnetic Use spacers with a stepped narrowing or broadening.
  • the yoke plates are according to a preferred embodiment of an iron low silicon content. This increases the saturation polarization and the same Jochquerites is usable for higher holding forces. Loss of magnetization in the are generally reduced by high silicon content, are hereby less Meaning, since it already sufficiently reduced by the lathed execution of the yoke are.
  • each yoke plate annularly closed from a manufacture single sheet metal part, whereby the intermediate pieces are eliminated.
  • Bolts or the armature guide rods are then guided in bushes that directly into the Cross webs, which run perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature used are.
  • the individual sheets are layered, preferably together welded in the area of the transverse webs, and then the holes introduced, in which the bushings are used. The welding of the individual Sheets must then be made so that a hole can be made, without the sheets move against each other.
  • the permanent-magnetic drive 10 according to FIG. 1 has, as shown in FIG. 2 can be seen is a yoke 11, which is composed of two yoke parts 12 and 13. Both yokes 12 and 13 have a substantially U-shape with a Jochsteg 14 and two Yoke legs 15 and 16; the yoke legs 15 and 16 of the two opposite Joches 12 and 13 are directed against each other with the interposition of a Intermediate piece 17 and 18 placed against each other. Midway between the yoke legs 15 and 16 have the yokes 12 and 13 parallel to the legs 15 and 16 extending as Polschenkel serving projections 19 and 20.
  • the pole legs 19 and 20 are permanent magnets 21 and 22 attached and between the permanent magnets 21 and 22 is an anchor 23. Between the Leg 15 and the pole leg 19 or 15 and 20 and the pole leg 19 and the yoke legs 16 and the pole leg 20 and the yoke leg 16 is located each have a coil 24 and 25, with which the armature in the double arrow direction P movable is.
  • the armature 23 is composed of two anchor parts 26 and 27. At anchor part 26 are a first anchor guide rod 28 and on anchor part 27, a second armature guide rod 29 through holes 30 and 31, respectively in the intermediate pieces 17 and 18 reach through.
  • the armature 23 which is shown in Fig. 3 as shown in one piece, has a upper armature guide bar 28 and a lower armature guide bar 29. It is off a cuboid, solid material formed to avoid eddy currents provided with slots 32 and 33.
  • the slots 32 and 33 extend perpendicular from the narrow side surfaces 34 and 35 inwardly to the central axis, the are defined by the armature guide rods 28 and 29; the slots 33 extend perpendicular to the broad side 36 and 37, wherein the slots 32, the entire anchor line in Move through the direction of movement P, whereas the slots 33 at a distance from the side surfaces 38 and 39, where the armature guide rods 28 and 29 connect, end up; the slots 33 then do not interrupt the side surfaces 38 and 39.
  • the Slots 32 and 33 serve to reduce the eddy currents within the solid Material existing anchor.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show two different views, for example of the intermediate piece 17. It can be seen that the intermediate piece 17 in its center a bore 40th within which a bearing bush 41 is inserted, which is used to guide the Anchor guide rods 28 and 29 is used.
  • the intermediate piece 17 is elongated narrow and has in the region of the bore 40 on both sides a widening 42 and 43.
  • yoke plates 44 and 45 are two different types. Those yoke plates in the area of broadening 42 and 43 are shorter than the yoke plates 44.
  • the intermediate piece 17 may be made of non-magnetic material; then the spacers 48 to 51 are formed of ferromagnetic material.
  • the intermediate piece 17 is suitably dimensioned that the surface A a has mean value and the flux concentration B is quite large, then This can be done by changing the area A taking into account Saturation effects, the holding power can be optimized. Depending on the design of the entire Magnetic drive, it may happen that the optimum width of the intermediate piece narrower than the required width for the anchor guide. To this Purpose are then the widenings 42, 43, possibly with the intermediate layers 48 to 51 necessary.
  • the contact area or transition area A in that either the armature 60 is provided with a step 61 and 62 is, so that the end face 63 of the armature is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the remaining area, or there is the possibility of the end portions of the anchor 70 to be provided with spacers 71 and 72, so that the end face 73 of the armature larger than the rest of the cross section.
  • the slots may also be open in the end faces 38 and 39; as well the slots 32 terminate at a distance from de end faces.
  • the intermediate piece 17 may be made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the yoke 11 is shown in FIG. 2 composed of two yoke parts 12 and 13, the are approximately U-shaped and with the interposition of the spacers 17 and 18 pressed against each other.
  • the slots 32 open into the end faces 38 and 39, whereas the slots 33 terminate at a short distance in front of the end surfaces 38 and 39.
  • the slots 33 in the end faces 38 and 39th open and the slots 32 at a small distance from the end faces 38 and 39th to end.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen permanentmagnetischen Antrieb gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a permanent magnetic drive according to the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Antrieb ist beispielsweise aus der DE 43 04 921 C bekannt geworden. Bei dieser Anordnung ist das Joch oder der Kern durch zwei U-förmige Jochhälften gebildet, in denen der Anker längsverschieblich geführt ist. Der Anker gemäß der DE 43 04 921 C ist lamelliert.Such a drive has become known for example from DE 43 04 921 C. In this arrangement, the yoke or core is formed by two U-shaped yoke halves formed in which the anchor is guided longitudinally displaceable. The anchor according to the DE 43 04 921 C is laminated.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen permanentmagnetischen Antrieb der eingangs genannten Art weiter zu verbessern, so daß bei verbessertem Wirkungsgrad die Herstellung des Antriebes vereinfacht ist.The object of the invention is a permanent magnetic drive of the aforementioned Art to further improve, so that with improved efficiency, the production of the drive is simplified.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruches 1.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of Claim 1.

Im Gegensatz zu der Entgegenhaltung DE 43 04 921 C ist der Anker erfindungsgemäß aus massivem Material hergestellt; zur Vermeidung von Wirbelströmen erhält er Schlitze, die in Bewegungsrichtung verlaufen und insbesondere bei quaderförmigem Anker sowohl auf der Breitseite als auch auf der Schmallängsseite senkrecht zur jeweiligen Fläche in das Material hinein eingebracht sind. Dabei ist es aus magnetischen Gründen vorteilhaft, die Schlitze möglichst schmal auszuführen.In contrast to the citation DE 43 04 921 C, the anchor according to the invention made of solid material; he receives to avoid eddy currents Slits that run in the direction of movement and in particular in cuboid Anchor both on the broadside and on the narrow longitudinal side perpendicular to the respective Surface are introduced into the material. It is made of magnetic Reasons advantageous to make the slots as narrow as possible.

Aus Stabilitätsgründen könnten diese Schlitze auch mit isolierendem Material ausgefüllt sein.For stability reasons, these slots could also be filled with insulating material be.

Die Schlitze können nun in die Stirnflächen einmünden oder auch vor den Stirnflächen enden. Dies kann wechselweise erfolgen und es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, daß wenigstens einer der Schlitze in eine Stirnfläche einmündet und vor der anderen Stirnfläche endet.The slots can now open into the faces or even in front of the faces end up. This can be done alternately and there is also the possibility that at least one of the slots opens into one end face and in front of the other end face ends.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann den Merkmalen des Anspruches 8 entnommen werden.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention can the features of the claim 8 are taken.

Danach kann durch eine geeignete Ausgestaltung der Breite des Abstandshalters zwischen den Jochschenkelenden die Anzugskraft optimiert werden.Thereafter, by a suitable embodiment of the width of the spacer between the Jochschenkelenden the tightening force can be optimized.

Wenn der Anker dadurch geführt wird, daß an den sich gegenüberliegenden Stirnseiten des Ankers Bolzen angeordnet sind, die durch die Abstandshalter hindurchgeführt werden, dann kann in vorteilhafter Ausführungsform nach Anspruch 9 der Abstandshalter im Bereich der Bohrung eine Verbreiterung aufweisen, wobei in jede Bohrung je ein Lagerbuchsenteil eingesetzt werden kann, das an die als Ankerführungsstangen dienenden Bolzen angepaßt ist.When the armature is guided by the fact that on the opposite end faces of the anchor bolts are arranged, which are passed through the spacers be, then, in an advantageous embodiment according to claim 9, the spacer have a broadening in the area of the bore, with one hole in each hole Bearing part can be used, which serve as the anchor guide rods Bolt is adapted.

Wenn nun der Abstandshalter eine Verbreiterung aufweist, dann müssen die Jochbleche, die senkrecht gegen den Abstandshalter anstoßen, im Bereich der Verbreiterung andere Schenkelabmessungen aufweisen; um dies zu verhindern, können in den Stufungsbereichen, die zwischen den freien Enden der Abstandshalter und den Verbreiterungen vorhanden sind, Füllstücke eingesetzt werden, die dann, wenn der Abstandshalter aus unmagnetischem Werkstoff besteht, aus ferromagnetischem Material herstellt sind. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, daß die Schenkelenden der Jochbleche alle gleich lang sind, so daß eine einheitliche Jochblechform verwendet werden kann. Now if the spacer has a widening, then the yoke plates, which abut perpendicular to the spacer, in the area of broadening have other leg dimensions; To prevent this, in the grading areas, between the free ends of the spacers and the spacers are present, putties are inserted, which then, when the spacer Made of non-magnetic material, made of ferromagnetic material are. In this way it is achieved that the leg ends of the yoke plates all are the same length, so that a uniform Jochblechform can be used.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Optimierung der Anzugskraft besteht darin, die Ankerflächen in den den Jochen benachbarten Endbereichen zu verändern, in dem gemäß Anspruch 13 eine stufige Verengung oder gemäß Anspruch 14 eine stufige Verbreiterung vorgesehen ist. Auf diese Weise kann die Übergangsfläche zwischen den Jochblechen zu dem Anker nach Bedarf variiert werden.Another way of optimizing the tightening force is to anchor surfaces in the end regions adjacent to the yokes, in which according to claim 13 a stepped narrowing or according to claim 14, a gradual broadening is provided. In this way, the transition surface between the yoke plates can be varied to the anchor as needed.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Optimierung der Anzugskraft besteht darin, einen ferromagnetischen Abstandshalter mit einer stufigen Verengung oder Verbreiterung zu verwenden.Another way to optimize the tightening force is to use a ferromagnetic Use spacers with a stepped narrowing or broadening.

Die Jochbleche bestehen gemäß bevorzugter Ausführungsform aus einem Eisen mit geringem Siliziumgehalt. Dadurch steigt die Sättigungspolarisation an und der gleiche Jochquerschnitt ist für höhere Haltekräfte nutzbar. Ummagnetisierungsverluste, die im allgemeinen durch hohen Siliziumgehalt reduziert werden, sind hierbei von geringer Bedeutung, da sie bereits durch die geblechte Ausführung des Joches hinreichend reduziert sind.The yoke plates are according to a preferred embodiment of an iron low silicon content. This increases the saturation polarization and the same Jochquerschnitt is usable for higher holding forces. Loss of magnetization in the are generally reduced by high silicon content, are hereby less Meaning, since it already sufficiently reduced by the lathed execution of the yoke are.

Oben ist dargestellt, daß die Jochbleche aus je zwei U-förmig gestanzten Jochblechabschnitten zusammengesetzt sind, die mit den freien Schenkelenden ggf. unter Zwischenfügung des Zwischenstückes gegeneinander gesetzt sind.Above it is shown that the yoke plates of two U-shaped punched Jochblechabschnitten are composed, with the free leg ends possibly under Zwischenfügung of the intermediate piece are set against each other.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, jedes Jochblech ringförmig geschlossen aus einem einzigen Blechteil herzustellen, wodurch die Zwischenstücke wegfallen. Die Bolzen bzw. die Ankerführungsstangen sind dann in Lagerbuchsen geführt, die direkt in die Querstege, die senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers verlaufen, eingesetzt sind. Zu diesem Zweck werden die einzelnen Bleche geschichtet, miteinander vorzugsweise im Bereich der Querstege verschweißt, und danach werden die Bohrungen eingebracht, in die die Lagerbuchsen eingesetzt werden. Die Verschweißung der einzelnen Bleche hat dann so zu erfolgen, daß eine Bohrung eingebracht werden kann, ohne daß sich die Bleche gegeneinander verschieben.There is also the possibility of each yoke plate annularly closed from a manufacture single sheet metal part, whereby the intermediate pieces are eliminated. Bolts or the armature guide rods are then guided in bushes that directly into the Cross webs, which run perpendicular to the direction of movement of the armature used are. For this purpose, the individual sheets are layered, preferably together welded in the area of the transverse webs, and then the holes introduced, in which the bushings are used. The welding of the individual Sheets must then be made so that a hole can be made, without the sheets move against each other.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den weiteren Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the further subclaims refer to.

Anhand der Zeichnung, in der einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt sind, sollen die Erfindung sowie weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verbesserungen der Erfindung näher erläutert und beschrieben werden.Reference to the drawing, in which some embodiments of the invention shown are, the invention and other advantageous refinements and improvements The invention will be explained and described in more detail.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Antriebsanordnung, teilweise geschnitten,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht gemäß Pfeilrichtung II der Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ankers,
Fig. 4 und 5
zwei Ansichten eines Zwischenstückes,
Fig. 6
eine schematische Darstellung der Übergangsflächen von Joch zu Anker,
Fig. 7 und 8
eine Teilansicht zweier unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen des Zwischenstückes mit sich gegenüberliegenden Jochschenkeln,
Fig. 9 und 10
zwei unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen der Ankerendbereiche, und
Fig. 11
eine Aufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform des Joches.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a side view of a drive assembly according to the invention, partially in section,
Fig. 2
a view according to arrow direction II of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
a perspective view of an anchor,
4 and 5
two views of an intermediate piece,
Fig. 6
a schematic representation of the transition surfaces from yoke to anchor,
FIGS. 7 and 8
a partial view of two different embodiments of the intermediate piece with opposing yoke legs,
FIGS. 9 and 10
two different embodiments of Ankerendbereiche, and
Fig. 11
a plan view of another embodiment of the yoke.

Der permanentmagnetische Antrieb 10 gemäß Fig. 1 besitzt, wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, ein Joch 11, das aus zwei Jochteilen 12 und 13 zusammengesetzt ist. Beide Joche 12 und 13 besitzen im wesentlichen eine U-Form mit einem Jochsteg 14 und zwei Jochschenkeln 15 und 16; die Jochschenkel 15 und 16 der beiden sich gegenüberliegenden Joche 12 und 13 sind gegeneinander gerichtet und unter Zwischenfügung eines Zwischenstückes 17 und 18 gegeneinander gelegt. Mittig zwischen den Jochschenkeln 15 und 16 besitzen die Joche 12 und 13 parallel zu den Schenkeln 15 und 16 verlaufende als Polschenkel dienende Vorsprünge 19 und 20. An den Stirnflächen der Polschenkel 19 und 20 sind Permanentmagnete 21 und 22 angebracht und zwischen den Permanentmagneten 21 und 22 befindet sich ein Anker 23. Zwischen dem Schenkel 15 und dem Polschenkel 19 bzw. 15 und 20 und dem Polschenkel 19 und den Jochschenkeln 16 bzw. dem Polschenkel 20 und dem Jochschenkel 16 befindet sich je eine Spule 24 und 25, mit denen der Anker in Doppelpfeilrichtung P bewegbar ist.The permanent-magnetic drive 10 according to FIG. 1 has, as shown in FIG. 2 can be seen is a yoke 11, which is composed of two yoke parts 12 and 13. Both yokes 12 and 13 have a substantially U-shape with a Jochsteg 14 and two Yoke legs 15 and 16; the yoke legs 15 and 16 of the two opposite Joches 12 and 13 are directed against each other with the interposition of a Intermediate piece 17 and 18 placed against each other. Midway between the yoke legs 15 and 16 have the yokes 12 and 13 parallel to the legs 15 and 16 extending as Polschenkel serving projections 19 and 20. At the end faces the pole legs 19 and 20 are permanent magnets 21 and 22 attached and between the permanent magnets 21 and 22 is an anchor 23. Between the Leg 15 and the pole leg 19 or 15 and 20 and the pole leg 19 and the yoke legs 16 and the pole leg 20 and the yoke leg 16 is located each have a coil 24 and 25, with which the armature in the double arrow direction P movable is.

Wie aus der Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist, ist der Anker 23 aus zwei Ankerteilen 26 und 27 zusammengesetzt. Am Ankerteil 26 befinden sich eine erste Ankerführungsstange 28 und am Ankerteil 27 eine zweite Ankerführungsstange 29, die durch Bohrungen 30 bzw. 31 in den Zwischenstücken 17 und 18 hindurchgreifen.As can be seen from Fig. 1, the armature 23 is composed of two anchor parts 26 and 27. At anchor part 26 are a first anchor guide rod 28 and on anchor part 27, a second armature guide rod 29 through holes 30 and 31, respectively in the intermediate pieces 17 and 18 reach through.

Die Wirkungsweise des Antriebes ist als solche bekannt, so daß sie nicht näher dargestellt werden muß.The operation of the drive is known as such, so that they are not shown in detail must become.

Der Anker 23, der in Fig. 3 als aus einem Stück dargestellt gezeichnet ist, besitzt eine obere Ankerführungsstange 28 und eine untere Ankerführungsstange 29. Er ist aus einem quaderförmigen, massiven Material ausgebildet, das zur Vermeidung von Wirbelströmen mit Schlitzen 32 und 33 versehen ist. Die Schlitze 32 und 33 verlaufen senkrecht von den Schmalseitenflächen 34 und 35 nach innen zur Mittelachse, die durch die Ankerführungsstangen 28 und 29 definiert sind; die Schlitze 33 verlaufen senkrecht zur Breitseite 36 und 37, wobei die Schlitze 32 die gesamte Ankerstrecke in Bewegungsrichtung P durchgreifen, wogegen die Schlitze 33 in Abstand zu den Seitenflächen 38 und 39, an denen die Ankerführungsstangen 28 und 29 anschließen, enden; die Schlitze 33 unterbrechen dann die Seitenflächen 38 und 39 nicht. Die Schlitze 32 und 33 dienen zur Verringerung der Wirbelströme innerhalb des aus massivem Material bestehenden Ankers.The armature 23, which is shown in Fig. 3 as shown in one piece, has a upper armature guide bar 28 and a lower armature guide bar 29. It is off a cuboid, solid material formed to avoid eddy currents provided with slots 32 and 33. The slots 32 and 33 extend perpendicular from the narrow side surfaces 34 and 35 inwardly to the central axis, the are defined by the armature guide rods 28 and 29; the slots 33 extend perpendicular to the broad side 36 and 37, wherein the slots 32, the entire anchor line in Move through the direction of movement P, whereas the slots 33 at a distance from the side surfaces 38 and 39, where the armature guide rods 28 and 29 connect, end up; the slots 33 then do not interrupt the side surfaces 38 and 39. The Slots 32 and 33 serve to reduce the eddy currents within the solid Material existing anchor.

Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen zwei unterschiedliche Ansichten beispielsweise des Zwischenstückes 17. Man erkennt, daß das Zwischenstück 17 in seiner Mitte eine Bohrung 40 aufweist, innerhalb der eine Lagerbuchse 41 eingesetzt ist, die zur Führung der Ankerführungsstangen 28 und 29 dient. Das Zwischenstück 17 ist langgestreckt schmal und besitzt im Bereich der Bohrung 40 beidseitig eine Verbreiterung 42 und 43. FIGS. 4 and 5 show two different views, for example of the intermediate piece 17. It can be seen that the intermediate piece 17 in its center a bore 40th within which a bearing bush 41 is inserted, which is used to guide the Anchor guide rods 28 and 29 is used. The intermediate piece 17 is elongated narrow and has in the region of the bore 40 on both sides a widening 42 and 43.

Wie aus Fig. 7 ersichtlich ist, sind dadurch zwei unterschiedliche Arten von Jochblechen 44 und 45 erforderlich. Diejenigen Jochbleche, die im Bereich der Verbreiterung 42 und 43 enden, sind kürzer auszubilden als die Jochbleche 44.As can be seen from Fig. 7, thereby are two different types of yoke plates 44 and 45 required. Those yoke plates in the area of broadening 42 and 43 are shorter than the yoke plates 44.

Um dies zu vermeiden, kann in den stufigen, verjüngten und schmaler ausgebildeten Bereichen 46 und 47 jeweils eine Zwischenlage 48, 49, 50 und 51 eingesetzt sein, deren Dicke der Stufentiefe t entspricht, so daß dann die Länge der Jochschenkel 52 über die gesamte Länge oder Breite des Zwischenstückes 17 gleich sein kann. In diesem Fall kann das Zwischenstück 17 aus unmagnetischem Material hergestellt sein; dann sind die Zwischenstücke 48 bis 51 aus ferromagnetischem Material gebildet.To avoid this, can be in the tiered, tapered and narrower Areas 46 and 47 are each an intermediate layer 48, 49, 50 and 51 are used, the Thickness of the step depth t corresponds, so that then the length of the yoke legs 52nd over the entire length or width of the intermediate piece 17 may be the same. In this Case, the intermediate piece 17 may be made of non-magnetic material; then the spacers 48 to 51 are formed of ferromagnetic material.

Mit dem Zwischenstück 17 kann noch folgendes erreicht werden, siehe Fig. 6. Wenn das Zwischenstück 17 so schmal ausgebildet ist, daß die Jochschenkel 15 der beiden Joche 11 und 13 nur einen geringen Abstand voneinander haben oder direkt gegeneinander liegen, dann ist die Berührungsfläche A zwischen den Jochschenkeln 15 und dem Anker 23 groß; die Flußkonzentration ist dabei klein, so daß eine geringe Halte- oder Anzugskraft erzeugt wird, gemäß der Formel: F ~ A x B2 mit
F = Haltekraft
A = Fläche
B = magnetischer Fluß.
With the intermediate piece 17 can still be achieved, see Fig. 6. If the intermediate piece 17 is so narrow that the yoke legs 15 of the two yokes 11 and 13 have only a small distance from each other or lie directly against each other, then the contact surface A between the yoke legs 15 and the anchor 23 large; The flux concentration is small, so that a small holding or tightening force is generated, according to the formula: F ~ A x B 2 With
F = holding force
A = area
B = magnetic flux.

Wenn die Jochschenkelenden etwa dort enden, wo die strichlierte Linie 15' eingezeichnet ist, dann ist die Flußkonzentration zu stark; der Gesamtfluß nimmt ab und B kann wegen der Eisensättigung nicht viel größer werden. Die Fläche A jedoch ist sehr klein.If the Jochschenkelenden end approximately where the dashed line 15 'drawn is, then the flux concentration is too strong; the total flow decreases and B can not get much bigger because of iron saturation. The area A, however, is very small.

Wenn das Zwischenstück 17 in geeigneter Weise bemessen ist, daß die Fläche A einen mittleren Wert besitzt und die Flußkonzentration B dadurch recht groß wird, dann kann auf diese Weise durch Veränderung der Fläche A unter Berücksichtigung von Sättigungseffekten die Haltekraft optimiert werden. Je nach Auslegung des gesamten magnetischen Antriebes kann es dabei vorkommen, daß die optimale Breite des Zwischenstückes schmaler ist als die erforderliche Breite für die Ankerführung. Zu diesem Zweck sind dann die Verbreiterungen 42, 43, ggf. mit den Zwischenlagen 48 bis 51 notwendig.If the intermediate piece 17 is suitably dimensioned that the surface A a has mean value and the flux concentration B is quite large, then This can be done by changing the area A taking into account Saturation effects, the holding power can be optimized. Depending on the design of the entire Magnetic drive, it may happen that the optimum width of the intermediate piece narrower than the required width for the anchor guide. To this Purpose are then the widenings 42, 43, possibly with the intermediate layers 48 to 51 necessary.

Es besteht natürlich auch die Möglichkeit, die Berührungs- oder Übergangsfläche A dadurch zu optimieren, daß entweder der Anker 60 mit einer Stufung 61 und 62 versehen wird, so daß die Stirnfläche 63 des Ankers kleiner ist als die Querschnittsfläche des übrigen Bereiches, oder es besteht die Möglichkeit, die Endbereiche des Ankers 70 mit Verbreiterungen 71 und 72 zu versehen, so daß die Stirnfläche 73 des Ankers größer ist als der übrige Querschnitt.Of course, there is also the possibility of the contact area or transition area A in that either the armature 60 is provided with a step 61 and 62 is, so that the end face 63 of the armature is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the remaining area, or there is the possibility of the end portions of the anchor 70 to be provided with spacers 71 and 72, so that the end face 73 of the armature larger than the rest of the cross section.

Die Schlitze können ebenfalls in die Stirnflächen 38 und 39 offen sein; ebenso können die Schlitze 32 in Abstand zu de Stirnflächen enden.The slots may also be open in the end faces 38 and 39; as well the slots 32 terminate at a distance from de end faces.

Das Zwischenstück 17 kann aus ferromagnetischem Material hergestellt sein.The intermediate piece 17 may be made of ferromagnetic material.

Durch die stufige Verengung des Ankers 60 gemäß Fig. 9 kann eine maximale Haltekraft eingestellt werden.Due to the stepped narrowing of the armature 60 according to FIG. 9, a maximum holding force be set.

Das Joch 11 ist gemäß Fig. 2 zusammengesetzt aus zwei Jochteilen 12 und 13, die etwa U-förmig ausgebildet sind und unter Zwischenfügung der Abstandsstücke 17 und 18 gegeneinander gedrückt werden.The yoke 11 is shown in FIG. 2 composed of two yoke parts 12 and 13, the are approximately U-shaped and with the interposition of the spacers 17 and 18 pressed against each other.

Gemäß einer weitere vorteilhaften Ausführungsform besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die einzelnen Jochbleche des Joches einstückig auszubilden, so daß ein ringförmig geschlossenes, rechteckförmig ausgebildetes Blechpaket gebildet ist, das in seiner Form dem zusammengesetzten Joch der Fig. 2 gleicht.According to a further advantageous embodiment, there is also the possibility that single yoke plates of the yoke integrally form, so that a ring-shaped closed, rectangular shaped laminated core is formed in its shape the composite yoke of Fig. 2 is similar.

In der Mitte der den Schenkeln 15, 15', 16, 16' entsprechenden Jochstege 80 ist die Bohrung 40 eingebracht, die die Lagerbuchse 41 aufnimmt. In Fig. 11 ist lediglich die Ansicht auf eines der Jochstege 80 gezeigt, die senkrecht zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers und damit auch senkrecht zur Mittelachse der Bohrung 40 verlaufen.In the middle of the legs 15, 15 ', 16, 16' corresponding Jochstege 80 is the Bore 40 introduced, which receives the bearing bush 41. In Fig. 11, only the View on one of the Jochenstege 80 shown, which is perpendicular to the direction of movement of Anchor and thus also perpendicular to the central axis of the bore 40.

In der Fig. 3 ist dargestellt, daß die Schlitze 32 in die Stirnflächen 38 und 39 einmünden, wogegen die Schlitze 33 in geringem Abstand vor den Endflächen 38 und 39 enden. Es besteht natürlich die Möglichkeit, die Schlitze 33 in die Stirnflächen 38 und 39 einmünden und die Schlitze 32 in geringem Abstand von den Stirnflächen 38 und 39 enden zu lassen. Es besteht weiterhin auch die Möglichkeit, daß von den beispielsweise vier Schlitzen 33 zwei in die Stirnflächen 38 und 39 einmünden.3 shows that the slots 32 open into the end faces 38 and 39, whereas the slots 33 terminate at a short distance in front of the end surfaces 38 and 39. Of course, it is possible, the slots 33 in the end faces 38 and 39th open and the slots 32 at a small distance from the end faces 38 and 39th to end. There is also the possibility that of the example four slots 33 two open into the end faces 38 and 39.

Claims (16)

  1. Permanent-magnet drive (10) for a switch, in particular a vacuum chamber, having a laminated yoke (11), in which a movable armature (23), which is connected to the movable contact stem, is guided such that it can be displaced, having at least one permanent magnet (21, 22) for the purpose of inducing a magnetic flux in the yoke (11) and having at least one coil (24, 25), which moves the armature (23) from one position into another position and back, characterized in that the armature (23), which is made of a solid material, is provided with slots (32, 33) for the purpose of preventing eddy currents.
  2. Permanent-magnet drive according to Claim 1, characterized in that the slots (32, 33) run in the movement direction of the armature (23).
  3. Drive according to Claim 1 or 2, the armature being in the form of a square, characterized in that the slots are arranged on the broad side (36, 37) and the narrow longitudinal side (34, 35), perpendicular to the respective face.
  4. Drive according to Claim 3, characterized in that the slots (32, 33) are filled with insulating material.
  5. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one slot (32) of at least the slots on the narrow longitudinal side opens into the end faces (38, 39).
  6. Drive according to Claim 5, characterized in that all of the slots (32, 33) open into the end face.
  7. Drive according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the slots (32, 33) end in front of the end faces.
  8. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case one spacer (17, 41), which acts as a bearing for guiding the armature, is provided between the opposing limbs (15, 15', 16, 16') of the approximately U-shaped iron yoke parts (12, 13), it being possible to use said spacer (17, 41) to adjust the contact face (A) between the yoke and the armature, and thus to adjust the flux concentration on the transition face so as to make it possible to adjust the attraction force according to the formula F ~ A × B2 F = holding force
    A = contact face
    B = magnetic flux (field).
  9. Drive according to Claim 8, characterized in that the spacer (17, 41) containing a hole (40) for the armature guide (41) has a widened section (42, 43) in the region of the hole.
  10. Drive according to either of Claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the spacer (17, 41) is made of a non-magnetic material, and in that packing blocks (48, 49, 50, 51) made of a ferromagnetic material are placed between the narrower regions (46, 47) and the yoke limb ends (50) of the spacer, the thickness of said packing blocks (48, 49, 50, 51) corresponding to the gradation of the widened sections.
  11. Drive according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spacer (17, 41) is made of a ferromagnetic material.
  12. Drive according to one of the preceding Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that in each case one bearing socket part (41) is inserted in each hole (40) and is matched to the armature guide rods (28, 29).
  13. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the armature (60) has a stepped, narrowed section (61, 62) in the region of the spacer, with the result that the armature face (63), which faces the yoke limbs, is narrower than the remaining armature width.
  14. Drive according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the armature (70) is wider on its side (73), which faces the yoke limbs, than the remaining armature region.
  15. Drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the yoke plates (44, 45) are made of iron having a low silicon content.
  16. Drive according to one of Claims 1 to 4 and 15, characterized in that each yoke plate is integral and is closed in the form of a ring, and in that bearing sockets for the armature guide bolts are inserted in the yoke webs running perpendicular to the armature movement.
EP98102629A 1997-03-06 1998-02-16 Permanent magnetic kind of actuation for a switch Expired - Lifetime EP0883146B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19709089A DE19709089A1 (en) 1997-03-06 1997-03-06 Permanent magnet drive for switch esp. vacuum circuit breaker
DE19709089 1997-03-06

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0883146A2 EP0883146A2 (en) 1998-12-09
EP0883146A3 EP0883146A3 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0883146B1 true EP0883146B1 (en) 2005-01-05
EP0883146B2 EP0883146B2 (en) 2011-08-03

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EP98102629A Expired - Lifetime EP0883146B2 (en) 1997-03-06 1998-02-16 Permanent magnetic kind of actuation for a switch

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DE (2) DE19709089A1 (en)

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AU3590101A (en) * 2000-03-02 2001-09-12 Cruise, Rupert John A magnetic actuator
DE10011342A1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Abb Patent Gmbh Permanent magnetic drive for electric switching device has permanent magnet between opposing pole shoes of magnetic yoke and second permanent magnet device for moving armature in switching in direction
DE10146899A1 (en) * 2001-09-24 2003-04-10 Abb Patent Gmbh Electromagnetic actuator, in particular electromagnetic drive for a switching device
DE102007028203B3 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-04 Siemens Ag Magnetic drive system for a switching device
DE102007041969C5 (en) 2007-09-03 2010-09-30 Siemens Ag Magnetic drive system for a switching device
DE102007044245A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-04-02 Siemens Ag Magnetic drive system for a switching device and method for producing a magnetic drive system
CN101430986B (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-07-06 郑文秀 Outdoor high-voltage permanent magnet type vacuum circuit breaker
KR200451951Y1 (en) * 2008-12-31 2011-01-25 엘에스산전 주식회사 Monostable permenent magnetic actuator using laminated steel core
CN107180728B (en) 2016-03-11 2020-08-25 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 Solid-sealed polar pole and assembling method thereof
FR3084772B1 (en) 2018-08-01 2021-06-18 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS INCLUDING THIS ACTUATOR

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DE906251C (en) * 1950-07-04 1954-03-11 Philips Nv A body made of permanent magnetic steel, made from a single piece and provided with a number of physical poles
DE1131336B (en) * 1953-11-16 1962-06-14 Philips Nv Anisotropic cylindrical permanent magnet body
DE1824078U (en) * 1960-09-13 1960-12-29 August Pensky Fa PAPER TRAIL.
GB8625724D0 (en) * 1986-10-28 1986-12-03 Ferranti Measurements Ltd Electric switching arrangement
US4876521A (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-10-24 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Tripping coil with flux shifting coil and booster coil
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DE4304921C1 (en) * 1993-02-18 1994-08-25 E I B S A Bistable magnetic drive for an electrical switch
GB9318876D0 (en) 1993-09-11 1993-10-27 Mckean Brian A bistable permanent magnet actuator for operation of circuit breakers
US5461205A (en) 1994-03-07 1995-10-24 Eaton Corporation Electrode stem for axial magnetic field vacuum interrupters

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0883146A3 (en) 1999-05-19
EP0883146B2 (en) 2011-08-03
DE19709089A1 (en) 1998-09-10
EP0883146A2 (en) 1998-12-09
DE59812462D1 (en) 2005-02-10

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