EP0881434A2 - Gas burner for heating devices, in particular water heaters - Google Patents

Gas burner for heating devices, in particular water heaters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0881434A2
EP0881434A2 EP98104980A EP98104980A EP0881434A2 EP 0881434 A2 EP0881434 A2 EP 0881434A2 EP 98104980 A EP98104980 A EP 98104980A EP 98104980 A EP98104980 A EP 98104980A EP 0881434 A2 EP0881434 A2 EP 0881434A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ribs
gas burner
channels
raised edge
raised
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98104980A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0881434A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Schwesing
Ulrich Gralka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0881434A2 publication Critical patent/EP0881434A2/en
Publication of EP0881434A3 publication Critical patent/EP0881434A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48Nozzles
    • F23D14/58Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78Cooling burner parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D2203/00Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/108Flame diffusing means with stacked sheets or strips forming the outlets

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a gas burner of the type of the main claim.
  • a This type of gas burner (PCT / DE 95/01663) is the Burner plate for the purpose of forming contact surfaces, that extend over the apex areas of the flame roots extend to the side areas, structured so that the edges of the combustion chamber on certain ribs their entire length compared to the combustion chamber side Edges of adjacent ribs are protruding. It is preferably provided that between two higher ribs two lower ribs side by side are arranged. In this version, the higher take Ribs also have a higher temperature than the other ribs to different extents of the ribs or Slats and therefore possibly undesirable Can cause stress in the burner plate.
  • the arrangement according to the invention with the features of The main claim has the advantage that the ribs are only slightly different in shape and largely uniform expansion of the ribs when the burner is in operation is achieved. Due to the vertical edges on the raised The flames become additional edges of the ribs stabilized.
  • Flame stabilization is particularly good if the raised edge areas of adjacent ribs offset are arranged to each other.
  • the burner plate is structured in pairs opposite contact surfaces at the desired distance for the flame roots, if for the ribs and the raised edge areas have a uniform pitch provided and this is such that at Relocation of the raised edge areas of adjacent ribs the width of a border area the specified number of Channels, preferably three, between two themselves opposite contact surfaces results.
  • the contact surface pairs are staggered, but follow each other without a gap in the longitudinal direction.
  • Burner plate can also be provided with individual fins the one end face a directly beginning there, in shortened the length of the raised edge area and on the other End face an equally long, not raised edge area have, which means a tool for a further rib or Slat design is not required.
  • FIG. 1 shows a reduced scale the inner body of a water heater in longitudinal section, figure 2 in approximately natural size a top view of the Gas burner of the water heater according to Figure 1 and the figures 3 to 5 three individual elements of the gas burner according to FIG. 2.
  • the water heater has a gas burner in a housing 10 12, which is a fuel-air mixture atmospheric or below Blower pressure is supplied in the direction of arrow A. over the gas burner 12 is a combustion chamber 14 and a heat exchanger 16 arranged by a pipe system 18 is penetrated, which leads to the water to be heated.
  • the pipe system 18 is connected via a line 20 to a second one Pipe system 22 connected to the gas burner 12 to the Cooling is integrated.
  • About the gas burner 12 is on Housing 10 an ignition device 24 for starting the Attached water heater.
  • the gas burner 12 has a burner plate 26 (FIG. 2) which is formed from individual ribs or fins 28, 30, 32 which are in good heat-conducting contact with the pipe system 22 and are connected by this to form a rigid structural unit. Between the ribs 28, 30, 32 channels 34 are formed for the passage of the fuel-air mixture, which reacts after the gas burner 12 is ignited in the region of the combustion chamber-side mouths of the channels 34 with the formation of flames.
  • the burner plate 26 is structured in the manner described in more detail below such that the majority of the flames of adjacent ribs touch over a defined area which extends beyond the apex region of their roots. As a result, the flames are cooled to such an extent that even higher surface loads on the gas burner are possible, without resulting in impermissibly high No x values.
  • each rib 28, 30, 32 is on Longitudinal edge on the combustion chamber side with raised edge regions 36 provided that removed at the same pitch t are arranged from each other and also the same width b have a third of the pitch t.
  • the rib 30 differs from the rib 28 in that their raised edge areas 36 in the longitudinal direction of the rib the dimension b is offset from the edge regions 36 of the rib 28 are arranged.
  • the edge regions 36 are at the rib 32 by the dimension b compared to the edge regions 36 on the rib 30 staggered.
  • the ribs 30, 32 each have one Front a shortened raised edge area 38 which to adjacent unshortened edge region 36 a distance c which is the difference between the pitch t and the Width b of the edge regions 36 corresponds. On the other On the end face, the ribs 30, 32 are not raised Edge area 40, the length of which is that of edge area 38 corresponds.
  • the ribs 28, 30, 32 are in the shown sequence repetitive arranged. As shown in FIG. 2, this results in each case between two opposite, for the sake of clarity black border areas 36, 36 and 38, 38 three Channels 34.
  • the edge areas 36, 38 are heat-dissipating guide surfaces 42 are formed for the flames, whose roots on the non-raised edge areas 40, 44 of the Sit on ribs.
  • the edge areas 36, 38 are staggered, however in the longitudinal direction of the ribs with no visible Gap between each other so that there is a good one Heat dissipation at approximately the same thermal All ribs are loaded.
  • the raised edge areas 36, 38 become the flames additionally stabilized.
  • the ribs 30 and 32 can with the same tool because they have the same shape are and can be installed mirror-symmetrically.

Abstract

The gas burner for a heater, and especially a water heater, has rib blades (28) and a stepped burner plate to give channels for the passage of the gas-air fuel mixture. The ribs have raised edges (36) in successive intervals at the longitudinal edges at the side of the combustion zone. The raised edge zones are offset against each other in neighbouring ribs. The ribs and raised edge zones have a unified interval (t). On displacing the raised edge zones of adjacent ribs, by the width (b) of an edge zone, a given number of channels are formed between their contact surfaces (42), and preferably three channels.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Gasbrenner nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Bei einer bekannten Ausführung eines Gasbrenners dieser Gattung (PCT/DE 95/01663) ist die Brennerplatte zum Zweck der Bildung von Berührungsflächen, die sich über die Scheitelbereiche der Flammenwurzeln hinweg bis in deren Seitenbereiche erstrecken, so strukturiert, daß die brennraumseitigen Ränder von bestimmten Rippen über deren ganzen Länge hinweg gegenüber den brennraumseitigen Rändern benachbarter Rippen hervorstehend ausgebildet sind. Vorzugsweise ist dabei vorgesehen, daß jeweils zwischen zwei höheren Rippen zwei niedrigere Rippen nebeneinanderliegend angeordnet sind. Bei dieser Ausführung nehmen die höheren Rippen auch eine höhere Temperatur als die anderen Rippen an, die zu unterschiedlichen Ausdehnungen der Rippen bzw. Lamellen und dadurch unter Umständen zu ungewünschten Spannungen in der Brennerplatte führen können.The invention is based on a gas burner of the type of the main claim. In a known version of a This type of gas burner (PCT / DE 95/01663) is the Burner plate for the purpose of forming contact surfaces, that extend over the apex areas of the flame roots extend to the side areas, structured so that the edges of the combustion chamber on certain ribs their entire length compared to the combustion chamber side Edges of adjacent ribs are protruding. It is preferably provided that between two higher ribs two lower ribs side by side are arranged. In this version, the higher take Ribs also have a higher temperature than the other ribs to different extents of the ribs or Slats and therefore possibly undesirable Can cause stress in the burner plate.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Rippen nur leicht unterschiedlich geformt sind und eine weitgehend gleichmäßige Ausdehnung der Rippen im Betrieb des Brenners erreicht wird. Durch die senkrechten Kanten an den erhöhten Randbereichen der Rippen werden die Flammen zusätzlich stabilisiert.The arrangement according to the invention with the features of The main claim has the advantage that the ribs are only slightly different in shape and largely uniform expansion of the ribs when the burner is in operation is achieved. Due to the vertical edges on the raised The flames become additional edges of the ribs stabilized.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Anordnung nach dem Hauptanspruch möglich.By the features listed in the subclaims advantageous embodiments of the arrangement according to Main claim possible.

Eine besonders gute Flammenstabilisierung ist erreicht, wenn die erhöhten Randbereiche benachbarter Rippen versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.Flame stabilization is particularly good if the raised edge areas of adjacent ribs offset are arranged to each other.

Eine Strukturierung der Brennerplatte mit je sich paarweise im gewünschten Abstand gegenüberliegenden Berührungsflächen für die Flammenwurzeln ergibt sich, wenn für die Rippen und die erhöhten Randbereiche ein einheitlicher Teilungsabstand vorgesehen und dieser so bemessen ist, daß sich bei Versetzung der erhöhten Randbereiche benachbarter Rippen um die Breite eines Randbereiches die vorgegebene Anzahl von Kanälen, vorzugsweise drei, zwischen zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Berührungsflächen ergibt. Bei entsprechender Abstimmung mit der Länge der erhöhten Randbereiche kann erreicht werden, daß über die gesamte Länge der Rippen die Berührungsflächenpaare zwar gestaffelt, jedoch ohne Abstand in Längsrichtung aufeinander folgen.The burner plate is structured in pairs opposite contact surfaces at the desired distance for the flame roots, if for the ribs and the raised edge areas have a uniform pitch provided and this is such that at Relocation of the raised edge areas of adjacent ribs the width of a border area the specified number of Channels, preferably three, between two themselves opposite contact surfaces results. At appropriate coordination with the length of the increased Border areas can be achieved that over the entire Length of the ribs the contact surface pairs are staggered, but follow each other without a gap in the longitudinal direction.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn zur Bildung der Brennerplatte auch einzelne Rippen vorgesehen werden, die an der einen Stirnseite einen unmittelbar dort beginnenden, in der Länge verkürzten erhöhten Randbereich und an der anderen Stirnseite einen gleich langen, nicht erhöhten Randbereich haben, wodurch ein Werkzeug für eine weitere Rippen- bzw. Lamellenausführung entfällt. It is particularly advantageous if to form the Burner plate can also be provided with individual fins the one end face a directly beginning there, in shortened the length of the raised edge area and on the other End face an equally long, not raised edge area have, which means a tool for a further rib or Slat design is not required.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 verkleinert den Innenkörper eines Wassererhitzers im Längsschnitt, Figur 2 in etwa natürlicher Größe eine Draufsicht auf den Gasbrenner des Wassererhitzers nach Figur 1 und die Figuren 3 bis 5 drei Einzelelemente des Gasbrenners nach Figur 2.An embodiment of the invention is in the drawing represented schematically and in the following Description explained in more detail. FIG. 1 shows a reduced scale the inner body of a water heater in longitudinal section, figure 2 in approximately natural size a top view of the Gas burner of the water heater according to Figure 1 and the figures 3 to 5 three individual elements of the gas burner according to FIG. 2.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Der Wassererhitzer hat in einem Gehäuse 10 einen Gasbrenner 12, dem ein Brennstoff-Luftgemisch atmosphärisch oder unter Gebläsedruck in Richtung des Pfeiles A zugeführt wird. Über dem Gasbrenner 12 ist im Gehäuse 10 eine Brennkammer 14 und ein Wärmeübertrager 16 angeordnet, der von einem Rohrsystem 18 durchsetzt ist, welches das zu erhitzende Wasser führt. Das Rohrsystem 18 ist über eine Leitung 20 mit einem zweiten Rohrsystem 22 verbunden, das in den Gasbrenner 12 zu dessen Kühlung integriert ist. Über dem Gasbrenner 12 ist am Gehäuse 10 eine Zündeinrichtung 24 zum Inbetriebsetzen des Wassererhitzers befestigt.The water heater has a gas burner in a housing 10 12, which is a fuel-air mixture atmospheric or below Blower pressure is supplied in the direction of arrow A. over the gas burner 12 is a combustion chamber 14 and a heat exchanger 16 arranged by a pipe system 18 is penetrated, which leads to the water to be heated. The pipe system 18 is connected via a line 20 to a second one Pipe system 22 connected to the gas burner 12 to the Cooling is integrated. About the gas burner 12 is on Housing 10 an ignition device 24 for starting the Attached water heater.

Der Gasbrenner 12 hat eine Brennerplatte 26 (Figur 2), die aus einzelnen Rippen bzw. Lamellen 28, 30, 32 gebildet ist, welche im gut wärmeleitenden Kontakt mit dem Rohrsystem 22 stehen und durch dieses zu einer starren Baueinheit verbunden sind. Zwischen den Rippen 28, 30, 32 sind Kanäle 34 für den Durchtritt des Brennstoff-Luftgemisches gebildet, das nach dem Zünden des Gasbrenners 12 im Bereich der brennkammerseitigen Mündungen der Kanäle 34 unter Flammenbildung reagiert. Auf dieser Seite ist die Brennerplatte 26 in der nachstehend näher beschriebenen Weise derart strukturiert, daß die Mehrzahl der Flammen benachbarter Rippen über eine definierte, sich über den Scheitelbereich ihrer Wurzeln hinaus erstreckende Fläche berühren. Dadurch werden die Flammen so stark gekühlt, daß auch höhere Flächenbelastungen des Gasbrenners möglich sind, ohne daß sich unzulässig hohe Nox-Werte ergeben.The gas burner 12 has a burner plate 26 (FIG. 2) which is formed from individual ribs or fins 28, 30, 32 which are in good heat-conducting contact with the pipe system 22 and are connected by this to form a rigid structural unit. Between the ribs 28, 30, 32 channels 34 are formed for the passage of the fuel-air mixture, which reacts after the gas burner 12 is ignited in the region of the combustion chamber-side mouths of the channels 34 with the formation of flames. On this side, the burner plate 26 is structured in the manner described in more detail below such that the majority of the flames of adjacent ribs touch over a defined area which extends beyond the apex region of their roots. As a result, the flames are cooled to such an extent that even higher surface loads on the gas burner are possible, without resulting in impermissibly high No x values.

Zur Kühlung der Flammen ist jede Rippe 28, 30, 32 am brennraumseitigen Längsrand mit erhöhten Randbereichen 36 versehen, die im gleichen Teilungsabstand t entfernt voneinander angeordnet sind und auch die gleiche Breite b haben, die einem Drittel des Teilungsabstandes t entspricht. Die Rippe 30 weicht jedoch von der Rippe 28 dadurch ab, daß ihre erhöhten Randbereiche 36 in Längsrichtung der Rippe um das Maß b versetzt zu den Randbereichen 36 der Rippe 28 angeordnet sind. Bei der Rippe 32 sind die Randbereiche 36 um das Maß b gegenüber den Randbereichen 36 an der Rippe 30 versetzt angeordnet. Die Rippen 30, 32 haben je an einer Stirnseite einen verkürzten erhöhten Randbereich 38, der zum benachbarten unverkürzten Randbereich 36 einen Abstand c hat, welcher der Differenz aus dem Teilungsabstand t und der Breite b der Randbereiche 36 entspricht. An der anderen Stirnseite weisen die Rippen 30, 32 einen nicht erhöhten Randbereich 40 auf, dessen Länge jener des Randbereiches 38 entspricht.To cool the flames, each rib 28, 30, 32 is on Longitudinal edge on the combustion chamber side with raised edge regions 36 provided that removed at the same pitch t are arranged from each other and also the same width b have a third of the pitch t. However, the rib 30 differs from the rib 28 in that their raised edge areas 36 in the longitudinal direction of the rib the dimension b is offset from the edge regions 36 of the rib 28 are arranged. The edge regions 36 are at the rib 32 by the dimension b compared to the edge regions 36 on the rib 30 staggered. The ribs 30, 32 each have one Front a shortened raised edge area 38 which to adjacent unshortened edge region 36 a distance c which is the difference between the pitch t and the Width b of the edge regions 36 corresponds. On the other On the end face, the ribs 30, 32 are not raised Edge area 40, the length of which is that of edge area 38 corresponds.

In der Brennerplatte 26 sind die Rippen 28, 30, 32 in der dargestellten Reihenfolge sich vielfach wiederholend angeordnet. Dadurch ergeben sich, wie Figur 2 zeigt, jeweils zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden, der Deutlichkeit halber schwarz ausgelegten Randbereichen 36, 36 bzw. 38, 38 drei Kanäle 34. An den erhöhten Randbereichen 36, 38 sind wärmeableitende Führungsflächen 42 für die Flammen gebildet, deren Wurzeln an den nicht erhöhten Randbereichen 40, 44 der Rippen aufsitzen. In der Richtung des Pfeiles B in Figur 2 gesehen fügen sich die Randbereiche 36, 38 zwar gestaffelt, jedoch in Längsrichtung der Rippen ohne sichtbaren Zwischenraum aneinander an, so daß sich eine gute Wärmeableitung bei annähernd gleich hoher thermischer Belastung aller Rippen ergibt. An den senkrechten Kanten 46 der erhöhten Randbereiche 36, 38 werden die Flammen zusätzlich stabilisiert. Die Rippen 30 und 32 können mit dem gleichen Werkzeug hergestellt werden, weil sie formgleich sind und spiegelsymmetrisch eingebaut werden können.In the burner plate 26, the ribs 28, 30, 32 are in the shown sequence repetitive arranged. As shown in FIG. 2, this results in each case between two opposite, for the sake of clarity black border areas 36, 36 and 38, 38 three Channels 34. At the raised edge areas 36, 38 are heat-dissipating guide surfaces 42 are formed for the flames, whose roots on the non-raised edge areas 40, 44 of the Sit on ribs. In the direction of arrow B in FIG. 2 seen the edge areas 36, 38 are staggered, however in the longitudinal direction of the ribs with no visible Gap between each other so that there is a good one Heat dissipation at approximately the same thermal All ribs are loaded. On the vertical edges 46 the raised edge areas 36, 38 become the flames additionally stabilized. The ribs 30 and 32 can with the same tool because they have the same shape are and can be installed mirror-symmetrically.

Claims (4)

Gasbrenner für Heizgeräte, insbesondere Wassererhitzer, mit einer aus Rippen (Lamellen) bestehenden und gestuft strukturierten Brennerplatte, die zwischen sich Kanäle zum Durchtritt eines Brennstoff-Luftgemisches bildet und im Bereich der brennraumseitigen Mündungen der Kanäle unter Flammenbildung reagiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (28, 30, 32) an ihren brennraumseitigen Längsrändern mit im Abstand aufeinanderfolgenden, erhöhten Randbereichen (36, 38) versehen sind.Gas burners for heating devices, especially water heaters, with one consisting of ribs (slats) and stepped structured burner plate that channels between them to Passage of a fuel-air mixture forms and in Area of the openings of the channels on the combustion chamber side Flame reaction, characterized in that the Ribs (28, 30, 32) on their longitudinal edges on the combustion chamber side with raised edge areas that follow one another at a distance (36, 38) are provided. Gasbrenner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erhöhten Randbereiche (36, 38) benachbarter Rippen (28, 30, 32) versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind.Gas burner according to claim 1, characterized in that the raised edge areas (36, 38) of adjacent ribs (28, 30, 32) are arranged offset to one another. Gasbrenner nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für die Rippen (28, 30, 32) und die erhöhten Randbereiche (36, 38) ein einheitlicher Teilungsabstand t vorgesehen und dieser so bemessen ist, daß sich bei Versetzung der erhöhten Randbereiche (36, 38) benachbarter Rippen um die Breite b eines Randbereiches (36) die vorgegebene Anzahl von Kanälen (34), vorzugsweise drei, zwischen zwei sich gegenüberliegenden Berührungsflächen (42) ergibt. Gas burner according to claim 2, characterized in that for the ribs (28, 30, 32) and the raised edge areas (36, 38) a uniform pitch t is provided and this is such that when the heights are increased Edge areas (36, 38) of adjacent ribs by the width b of an edge area (36) the predetermined number of channels (34), preferably three, between two themselves opposite contact surfaces (42) results. Gasbrenner nach Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet durch Rippen (30, 32), die an der einen Stirnseite einen unmittelbar dort beginnenden, in der Länge verkürzten, erhöhten Randbereich (38) und an der anderen Stirnseite einen gleich langen, nicht erhöhten Randbereich (44) haben.Gas burner according to claim 3, characterized by ribs (30, 32), which on one end face one immediately there beginning, shortened in length, increased edge area (38) and on the other end face an equally long, not have raised edge area (44).
EP98104980A 1997-05-31 1998-03-19 Gas burner for heating devices, in particular water heaters Withdrawn EP0881434A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997122863 DE19722863A1 (en) 1997-05-31 1997-05-31 Gas burners for heating devices, in particular water heaters
DE19722863 1997-05-31

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EP0881434A2 true EP0881434A2 (en) 1998-12-02
EP0881434A3 EP0881434A3 (en) 1999-03-24

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10213132B4 (en) * 2002-03-23 2005-06-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh gas burner

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996019698A1 (en) 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gas burner for heaters,especially water heaters

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB528432A (en) * 1939-05-08 1940-10-29 T And T Vicars Ltd Improvements in gas burners

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996019698A1 (en) 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Gas burner for heaters,especially water heaters

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DE19722863A1 (en) 1998-12-03

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