EP0879936B1 - Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0879936B1
EP0879936B1 EP98109104A EP98109104A EP0879936B1 EP 0879936 B1 EP0879936 B1 EP 0879936B1 EP 98109104 A EP98109104 A EP 98109104A EP 98109104 A EP98109104 A EP 98109104A EP 0879936 B1 EP0879936 B1 EP 0879936B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cross
engine according
arm
engine
valves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98109104A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0879936A1 (de
Inventor
Pietro Bianchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Iveco SpA
Original Assignee
Iveco Fiat SpA
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Publication of EP0879936A1 publication Critical patent/EP0879936A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/26—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gear; peculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat engine comprising at least one cylinder provided with at least one pair of corresponding valves and a valve control assembly (see EP-A-0 586 884).
  • Valve control assemblies which comprise a camshaft and a plurality of rocker arms oscillating about an intermediate axis of rotation; the rocker arms are controlled by respective cams of the camshaft and they each actuate a pair of corresponding valves of a cylinder via a control cross-member.
  • the action of the rocker arm on the cross-member is applied in the plane of the axes of the valves, in an intermediate position with respect to the valves themselves.
  • a means for adjusting valve play which is interposed between each rocker arm and the associated cross-member.
  • This means may either be of manual adjustment type, for example, an adjusting screw provided with a lock nut, or of automatic take-up type, for example a hydraulic tappet.
  • the adoption of multivalve fuel supply systems generally requires a coaxial arrangement of the injector with respect to the cylinder so as to obtain the most uniform possible distribution of fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the dimensions of the control part of the injector are greater than those of conventional injectors and to such an extent that they give rise to difficulties in the design of the means for adjusting valve play.
  • the object of the present invention is to devise a heat engine for a vehicle, which does not have the aforementioned drawbacks associated with the known engines described above.
  • a heat engine comprising at least one cylinder provided with at least one pair of corresponding valves, and a valve control assembly comprising, in turn, a camshaft, at least one rocker arm associated with said pair of corresponding valves and controlled by a respective cam of said camshaft, a cross-member provided with a control part interposed between said rocker arm and said pair of corresponding valves, and a means for adjusting the play in the kinematic chain present between the associated cam and the associated pair of corresponding valves, characterised in that said cross-member comprises an arm extending transversely from said control part of the cross-member itself towards the outside of said cylinder, said valve control assembly comprising first articulated coupling means interposed between said arm of said cross-member and a fixed part of said engine, said rocker arm co-operating with a contact zone of said cross-member displaced towards the outside of the cylinder with respect to a plane containing the axes of said corresponding valves.
  • the reference numeral 1 generally denotes a heat engine 1, only part of which is shown.
  • the engine 1 comprises a plurality of cylinders 2 and, for each cylinder, an injector 3 coaxial to the cylinder itself, a pair of exhaust valves 4 and a pair of inlet valves 5.
  • the injectors 3 and the valves 4,5 are mounted in conventional manner in a cylinder head 6 of the engine 1; the cylinder head also accommodates a valve control assembly 7 which will be described in greater detail below.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the above-mentioned components associated with a single cylinder 2 of the engine 1; it is evident that the engine comprises analogous components for each of the cylinders.
  • the valve control assembly 7 essentially comprises a camshaft 8 with an axis A and, for each cylinder, a pair of rocker arms 9 controlled by respective cams 10 of the shaft 8 and each actuating a pair of corresponding valves 4 or, respectively, 5 against the action of respective springs 11 of the valves themselves.
  • the rocker arms 9 are pivoted about a common pivot 12, whose axis B is parallel to the axis A, and they each comprise a first arm 13 co-operating with the respective cam 10 by means of an idle roller 14 and a second arm 15 actuating the associated pair of valves 4 and, respectively, 5 by means of a cross-member 16.
  • the assembly 1 also comprises, for each rocker arm 9, a means 17 for adjusting play in the kinematic chain present between the associated cam 10 or, respectively, 11 and the associated pair of valves 4 or, respectively, 5.
  • valve control assembly 7 comprises corresponding members for controlling the pair of valves 5 of the same cylinder 2, as well as for the other pairs of valves (not shown).
  • the valves 4 have respective parallel axes E, E' lying on a plane ⁇ .
  • the cross-member 16 comprises a control part 20 extending from one valve 4 to the other, and an arm 21 extending from one median zone of the part 20 in a transverse direction to the part 20 itself, towards the outside of the associated cylinder 2.
  • the part 20 advantageously has a recess 18 in an intermediate section of its side opposite the arm 21 and, therefore, opposite the injector 3 for reasons concerned with the space occupied by the injector itself. Therefore, overall the cross-member 16 is substantially of symmetrical Y-shape ( Figure 4) with respect to a plane P defining the transverse centre line of the control part 20 and the longitudinal centre line of the arm 21.
  • the means 17 for adjusting play ( Figure 3) is accommodated in the head 6 below a free end 22 of the arm 21 and advantageously comprises a hydraulic compensator, of a type known per se, having a fixed body 23 accommodated in a seating 24 provided in the head 6, and a piston 25 sliding unidirectionally relative to the body 23 so as to extend out of the latter if play is present.
  • a hydraulic compensator of a type known per se, having a fixed body 23 accommodated in a seating 24 provided in the head 6, and a piston 25 sliding unidirectionally relative to the body 23 so as to extend out of the latter if play is present.
  • the means 17 is supplied with an operating fluid, advantageously comprising engine lubricating oil, through passages (not shown) provided in the head.
  • the end 22 of the arm 21 is pivoted about the piston 25 of the device 12, which has a spherical head 26 co-operating with a substantially semicylindrical seating 27 extending longitudinally along the plane P on a lower surface of the arm 21 itself ( Figures 4 and 5).
  • the rocker arm 9 actuates the cross-member 16 by means of a spherical head 28 inserted in an end portion 29 of the arm 15 and co-operating with a cavity 30 having a spherical bottom (with it geometrical centre on the plane P) provided in the cross-member 16 itself in the vicinity of the connecting zone between the control part 20 and the arm 21 ( Figures 3 and 5) and displaced with respect to the plane ⁇ towards the outside of the cylinder 2.
  • the control part 20 of the cross-member 16 has at its lower end a substantially cylindrical longitudinal seating 34 extending along the entire length of the part 20 itself.
  • a cylindrical bar 35 is accommodated in the seating 34 and is able to rotate about its own longitudinal axis D lying on the plane ⁇ and orthogonal to the axes E, E' of the valves 4.
  • the bar 35 is held in contact with the seating 34 by a spring 36.
  • the latter comprises a C-shaped anchoring portion 37 which surrounds the arm 21 of the cross-member 16, and a flexible strip 38 extending from the portion 37 towards the bar 35 and provided with an arcuate end 39 partly surrounding the bar itself.
  • the bar 35 has respective semicircular ends 40 bounded at the bottom by respective flat surfaces 41 which are mutually coplanar. These surfaces co-operate axially with respective stems 42 of the valves 4.
  • valve control assembly 7 The mode of operation of the valve control assembly 7 will be described below referring in all cases only to the valves 4 illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the operating load of the valves 4 is transmitted from the rocker arm 9 through the head 28 to the cross-member 16 and from the latter to the valves 4 through the bar 35.
  • the means 17 ensures the contact between the head 28 and the cross-member 16. In the event that play develops, it is immediately and automatically taken up by the means 17, as a result of its piston 25 extending out therefrom under the pressure exerted by its internal members.
  • the operating load line is contained within the plane P and, therefore, under theoretical conditions, the movement of the cross-member 16 is that of a lever of the second kind about the fulcrum defined by the contact between the spherical head 26 of the piston 25 of the means 17 for adjusting play and the seating 27 of the cross-member 16.
  • the load transmitted by the cross-member 16 is distributed equally to the valves 4, whose axes E, E' are equidistant from the plane P owing to the symmetrical design of the cross-member itself.
  • the contact between the valves 4 and the surfaces 41 no longer occurs over the entire surface of the heads of the stems 42 but is displaced along an outer edge of the head surface.
  • the distances from the plane P of the respective contact points H, H' of the stems 42 with the bar 35 become different (in particular smaller than that of the valve with which the stiffer spring is associated).
  • the operating load is distributed unequally between the valves themselves (inversely proportional to the distance of the points H, H' from the plane P) so that a greater proportion of the load is transmitted to the valve 4 with which the stiffer spring is associated. Therefore, a sort of mechanical feedback or self-correction is provided, which renders the difference in stiffness between the springs substantially without influence.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention, provided with a means 17' for manual adjustment of play.
  • the means 17' essentially comprises an adjusting screw 40 screwed into the end portion 29 of the arm 15 of the rocker arm 9 and carrying the spherical actuating head 28 of the cross-member 16, and a lock nut 41 engaged by the screw 40 and able to be tightened against said portion 29.
  • the cross-member 16, which is entirely analogous to that described with reference to Figures 1 to 6, is pivoted about a spherical head 26' fixed to the cylinder head 6.
  • the provision of the arm 21 makes it possible to displace the contact zone between the rocker arm 9 and the cross-member 16 towards the outside of the cylinder, outside the plane ⁇ of the valve axes, thereby balancing the tilting torque on the cross-member 16 resulting therefrom: this makes it possible to obviate undesirable space requirement in the region of the injector 3 and to remove therefrom the means 17 for adjusting valve play.
  • this means is automatic and is incorporated in the articulated coupling means for the arm 21 itself to the cylinder head 6.
  • the means is mechanical and is interposed between the rocker arm and the cross-member for reasons of accessibility but it is displaced towards the outside of the cylinder with respect to the plane of the valve axes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Wärmekraftmaschine (1), die aufweist mindestens einen Zylinder (2), der mit mindestens einem Paar entsprechender Ventile (4, 5) ausgestattet ist, und einen Ventilsteueraufbau (7), der wiederum eine Nockenwelle (8), mindestens einen Kipphebel (9), der mit dem Paar entsprechender Ventile (4, 5) verbunden, ist und durch einen zugehörigen Nocken (10) der Nockenwelle (8) gesteuert ist, aufweist, ein Querelement (16), das mit einem zwischen dem Kipphebel (9) und dem Paar entsprechender Ventile (4, 5) eingelegten Steuerteil (20) ausgestattet ist, und eine Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels in der kinematischen Kette, die zwischen dem zugehörigen Nocken (10) und dem zugehörigen Paar entsprechender Ventile (4, 5) vorhanden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Querelement (16) einen Arm (21) aufweist, der sich transversal von dem Steuerteil (20) des Querelements (16) selbst hin zum Äußeren des Zylinders (2) erstreckt, der Ventilsteueraufbau (7) eine erste gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung (26, 27) aufweist, die zwischen dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) und einem festen Teil (6) des Motors (1) eingesetzt ist, der Kipphebel (9) mit einer Kontaktzone (30) des Querelements (16) zusammenwirkt, die hin zum Äußeren des Zylinders (2) in Bezug auf eine die Achsen (E, E') der entsprechenden Ventile (4, 5) enthaltende Ebene (α) verschoben ist.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine zweite gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung (28, 30) aufweist, die zwischen dem Kipphebel (9) und dem Querelement (16) eingesetzt ist.
  3. Maschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung einen an dem Kipphebel (9) gesicherten kugelförmigen Kopf und eine in dem Querelement (16) in der Nähe der Verbindung zwischen dem Arm (21) und dem Steuerteil (20) des Querelements (16) selbst vorgesehene und die Kontaktzone definierende konkave Vertiefung aufweist.
  4. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Kopplungseinrichtung einen durch das feste Teil (6) der Maschine (1) getragenen kugelförmigen Kopf und einen in dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) vorgesehenen konkaven Sitz (27) aufweist.
  5. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der konkave Sitz (27) eine im wesentlichen halbzylindrische, konkave Form besitzt, die in Längsrichtung gegenüber dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) verlängert ist.
  6. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels zwischen dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) und dem festen Teil (6) der Maschine (1) eingesetzt ist.
  7. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung (26, 27) zwischen dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) und der Einrichtung(17) zum Einstellen des Spiels eingesetzt ist, wobei der kugelförmige Kopf (26) einen Teil eines beweglichen Elements (25) der Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels bildet.
  8. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels ein hydraulischer Kompensator (17) ist, der das Schmieröl der Maschine (1) als Betriebsfluid verwendet.
  9. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels zwischen dem Kipphebel (9) und der Kontaktzone (30) des Querelements (16) eingesetzt ist.
  10. Wärmekraftmaschine nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einrichtung (17) zum Einstellen des Spiels vom Schraubentyp mit manueller Einstellung ist.
  11. Wärmekraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kugelförmige Kopf (26) der ersten Kopplungseinrichtung an dem festen Abschnitt 6 der Maschine (1) gesichert ist.
  12. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine dritte gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung (34, 35) aufweist, die zwischen dem Steuerteil (20) des Querelements (16) und dem Paar entsprechender Ventile (4) eingesetzt ist.
  13. Maschine nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte gelenkige Kopplungseinrichtung einen Stab (35) aufweist, der in einem Längssitz (34) des Steuerteils des Querelements (16) mit der Möglichkeit der Rotation um dessen eigene Längsachse (D), welche die Achsen (E, E') der Ventile(4) schneidet, aufgenommen ist, und der mit einem Paar an Stoßflächen (41) mit ebenen Enden ausgestattet ist, und welche zueinander koplanar sind und mit den entsprechenden Ventilen (4) zusammenwirken.
  14. Maschine nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine elastische Einrichtung (36) aufweist, welche den Stab (35) mit dem Querelement (16) verbindet.
  15. Maschine nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Verbindungseinrichtung eine Feder (36) aufweist, die ein Verankerungsteil (37), das an dem Arm (21) des Querelements (16) befestigt ist, und einen flexiblen Streifen (38) besitzt, der mit dem Stab (35) derart zusammenwirkt, um diesen in dem Sitz 34 zu halten.
  16. Maschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerteil (20) des Querelements (16) eine Vertiefung (18) in einem mittleren Abschnitt einer dem Arm (21) gegenüberliegenden Seite besitzt.
  17. Maschine nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Querelement 16 im wesentlichen Y-förmig ist.
EP98109104A 1997-05-20 1998-05-19 Brennkraftmaschine Expired - Lifetime EP0879936B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITTO970433 1997-05-20
IT97TO000433A IT1292324B1 (it) 1997-05-20 1997-05-20 Motore endotermico.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0879936A1 EP0879936A1 (de) 1998-11-25
EP0879936B1 true EP0879936B1 (de) 2002-09-18

Family

ID=11415722

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98109104A Expired - Lifetime EP0879936B1 (de) 1997-05-20 1998-05-19 Brennkraftmaschine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0879936B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69807979T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2182176T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1292324B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020002726B4 (de) 2020-05-07 2022-09-29 Georg Schreiber Hubkolben mit Ventil

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1257078B (it) * 1992-08-26 1996-01-05 Iveco Fiat Motore endotermico provvisto di un gruppo di comando valvole perfezionato.
US5303680A (en) * 1993-06-10 1994-04-19 Eaton Corporation Lash adjusting mechanism for multi valve engine
NL1001267C2 (nl) * 1995-09-22 1997-03-25 Netherlands Car Bv Verbrandingsmotor.
US5636600A (en) * 1995-10-31 1997-06-10 Cummins Engine Company, Inc. Rocker lever assembly for internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0879936A1 (de) 1998-11-25
DE69807979D1 (de) 2002-10-24
DE69807979T2 (de) 2003-05-28
ITTO970433A1 (it) 1998-11-20
IT1292324B1 (it) 1999-01-29
ES2182176T3 (es) 2003-03-01
ITTO970433A0 (de) 1997-05-20

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