EP0879507B1 - Antenna arrangement - Google Patents
Antenna arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0879507B1 EP0879507B1 EP97902451A EP97902451A EP0879507B1 EP 0879507 B1 EP0879507 B1 EP 0879507B1 EP 97902451 A EP97902451 A EP 97902451A EP 97902451 A EP97902451 A EP 97902451A EP 0879507 B1 EP0879507 B1 EP 0879507B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna means
- polarization
- antenna
- uplink signal
- uplink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
Definitions
- This invention relates to an antenna arrangement for transducing signals broadcast in a cellular mobile radio communications system, and in particular but not exclusively to such an arrangement for use in the uplink (mobile transmit to base station receive) of a cellular mobile radio communications system.
- a number of base stations are disposed over an area notionally divided into a number of cells, each base station being associated with a cell.
- Each cell is assigned a number of radio frequency channels on which mobile units within the cell transmit and receive signals to and from the cell's base station.
- the frequency channels assigned to adjacent cells are generally different to permit frequency re-use.
- Each mobile unit when in use may transmit a signal to the base station on an uplink of the communication system.
- the strength of the uplink signal received at the base station will vary according to the location of the mobile unit within the cell, and the received signal may be degraded as a result of multipath effects and a low signal to noise ratio on the uplink.
- One way to improve the received signal to noise ratio on the uplink is to improve the uplink receiving antenna diversity gain.
- Second generation cellular systems commonly use two spaced antenna arrays in each base station sector for receiving the uplink signal with space-diversity.
- the signals received at the two spatially separated antenna arrays will have travelled different spatial paths from the mobile unit and hence will each arrive with different fading envelopes, and the signal received at one antenna array may be used to augment the signal received at the other.
- the antenna array outputs are combined to improve the uplink receiving antenna system gain.
- space-diversity antenna arrangements utilise antennas receiving only the vertical polarization components of the uplink signal.
- gain is improved by the use of polarization diversity at the base station.
- the vertically polarized signal component is received on one antenna array and a horizontally polarized signal component signal is received on a different antenna array.
- the two outputs are fed into a combiner to produce an output with a polarization diversity gain.
- US 4,723,321 relates to a method and apparatus for use with dually-polarized transmission signals in radio communication systems using space diversity antennas to cancel cross-polarization interference and also provide equalization.
- a first and a second antenna means are arranged such that space diversity is achieved, and both antenna means are used to transduce dual polarization in order to improve transmission efficiency.
- EP 766 414 published 02.04.1997 relates to a radio station constituting a base station for a telecommunication system for wireless telecommunication to/from mobile radio units.
- the radio station comprises a transmitter unit, a receiver unit and a number of antennas, and means for diversity reception.
- the station is expandable with several units, each one of which comprising an antenna and being arranged at a predetermined distance from one or several antennas in the other units.
- the antennas forming part of each unit are adapted for reception with space diversity in cooperation with at least one antenna in any of the other units.
- the antennas within each unit can receive signals with different directions of polarization.
- an antenna apparatus for receiving uplink signals from mobile units in a cellular mobile radio communications system as set out in claim 1.
- An uplink signal in a cellular mobile communications system will often have both vertical polarization and horizontal polarization components.
- the signal radiated from the mobile unit will in most directions have vertical and horizontal polarization components which vary according to the inclination at which the mobile unit is held. Consequently, both of these orthogonally-resolved signal components are generally received at a base station.
- Such an uplink diversity gain improvement at a base station of a cellular mobile radio communications system will effectively apply a radio link budget gain which serves to improve the operational range of the radio cells of the system.
- the radio link budget determines the levels of in-building coverage and street level coverage in a cell.
- An increase in cell range such as by enhanced gain in the uplink and higher transmit power in the downlink has a fundamental effect on the number of base station systems required in a system, and hence also the associated cost.
- the visual size of an aerial at a base station is an important factor when considering the environmental impact of a base station. Since each of a number of cellular mobile radio systems which may operate in a single territory requires a large number of base stations spaced throughout the territory (some placed in environmentally sensitive rural or urban areas) it is beneficial to provide an antenna arrangement capable of providing a higher uplink diversity receiving gain whilst maintaining an environmentally acceptable aerial size.
- the present invention allows a base station antenna configuration to be considerably smaller than that of the four-branch space-diversity aerial. It can also be used to reduce the mechanical complexity of the physical antenna configuration.
- a base station BS operating in a TDMA system is located at the centre of a cell consisting of three 120° sectors S1, S2 and S3. Different sets of frequency channels are assigned to each sector.
- Figure 1 also illustrates a mobile unit MU transmitting in sector S1 on an uplink received by the base station BS.
- the mobile unit MU When a mobile unit MU is assigned a frequency channel on which to communicate with base station BS, the mobile unit MU transmits its signal omnidirectionally into the surrounding environment. Some of the signal will travel directly to the base station BS and other parts of the signal will be reflected from environmental features (hills, buildings, water surfaces and so on), eventually reaching the base station BS. The signal received at the base station BS will generally arrive with different phases, and with different fading envelopes at the two points. The vertical polarization and horizontal polarization signal components are likely also to arrive at each point with different fading envelopes, since the two components will be differently accentuated by different paths of travel.
- an arrangement for use in one sector of a radio base station has two space-diversity antenna branches 2 and 4.
- Each branch comprises two generally orthogonal antenna arrays 6, 8 and 10, 12.
- One of the branches 2 has a vertical polarization antenna array 6, such as a dipole antenna array and a horizontal polarization array 8, such as a dipole antenna array.
- the second branch array 4 has a similar vertical polarization antenna array 10 and a horizontal polarization antenna array 12.
- Such dipole arrays consist of a number of radiating elements. The individual elements are connected via a network in each antenna array, with individual phase and amplitude adjustments for the purpose of beam shaping.
- Outputs from each of the vertical polarization arrays 6, 10 are fed to a two-port combiner 14 via a three port circulator 17.
- Outputs from the two horizontal polarization arrays 8, 12 are fed to a second two-port combiner 16.
- These two two-port combiners 14, 16 (which have outputs both exhibiting space-diversity gain) are cascaded to a third two-port combiner 18, to produce a final combined output exhibiting both space-diversity and polarization diversity gains, which output is fed to the base station system 20, which then feeds signals to a mobile telephone switch (MSC).
- the combiners 14, 16 take account of the differing amplitudes and phases of the signals output from vertical antenna arrays 6, 10 and horizontal antenna arrays 8, 12 respectively.
- the received signal output of all four antenna arrays 6, 8, 10, 12 are eventually combined for an increased uplink performance in combiner 18.
- the base station system 20 also has an output which feeds signals into circulator 17 for transmission on the cell downlink via the vertical polarization array 10.
- the vertical polarization antenna arrays 6, 10 are mutually spaced by a distance A sufficient to achieve a significant space-diversity gain when their signals are combined. This must be balanced against the size and associated cost limitations.
- the distance A is preferably greater than 6 times the average or approximate centre wavelength of the signals to be received, whereas in a preferred arrangement the distance A is of the order of 20 times that wavelength.
- the horizontal polarization antennas arrays 8, 12 are mutually spaced by a distance B, which for practical purposes should be at least 6 times the signal wavelength, and is preferably of the order of 20 times.to the signal wavelength.
- the distance between the vertical polarization array and the horizontal polarization array in a single space-diversity branch 2 or 4 is not of primary influence in the signal strength, except that the arrays should be sufficiently spaced to reduce mutual interference.
- the two antenna arrays 6, 8 and 10, 12 of each space-diversity branch 2 and 4 should be located relatively close together compared to the space-diversity spacing A or B.
- FIG. 3 an arrangement as shown in Figure 2 is used as the uplink receiver, and the downlink transmitter, for each of three sectors in a tri-sectored cell base station array 22.
- Diversity antenna branches 2, 4 transmit and receive signals in one of three 120° sectors making up the cell.
- Other antenna branches 102, 104 and 202, 204 are spaced around the base station antenna configuration 22 at 120° intervals to service the remaining two sectors.
- Similar arrangements would be employed in the other sectors' antenna arrays 102, 104, 202, 204.
- An arrangement as described can provide an output having a gain in excess of approximately 3dB, compared to a conventional space-diversity antenna configuration in a tri-sectored cell. This can correspond to an increase of circular street level coverage cell area of 45% in a rural quasi-open (RQO) environment. Hence, the radius of such a circular cell can be increased to approximately 11km in the DCS1800 cellular mobile radio system.
- an antenna configuration according to the present invention can provide a larger uplink cell size due to the use of space-diversity and polarization diversity in the antenna array.
- the increase in uplink cell size may require a corresponding improvement the downlink radio link budget. This can be achieved by an increase in the transmitted radiated power on the downlink, or by improving the mobile unit receive sensitivity.
- the downlink transmitting antennas preferably use only one polarization component.
- the vertical polarization antenna array 10 is supplied with a transmitting signal from the base station system 20 via the circulator 17.
- a separate antenna array or arrays could be used for the downlink transmission of signals to the mobile units, although this will increase the size and cost of the base station antenna configuration.
- the present invention will be of most use in predominantly rural environments, where the uplink cell size is often a constraining factor on the performance of a cellular mobile radio system.
- the invention is thought to be of primary application in respect of macrocellular systems but the invention would also be advantageous in megacellular, microcellular and picocellular systems.
- the invention may be applied in any of the current cellular mobile radio system specifications, since the uplink antenna gain parameter is not standardised.
- the invention is applicable in particular, but not exclusively, in the 300MHz-3GHz range of radio frequencies.
- This invention may therefore be applied to all of the major operating cellular mobile radio systems, including NMT-450 (operating at around 450MHz); GSM, TAGS, AMPS, NMT-900 (operating at around 900MHz); DCS1800 (operating at around 1800MHz); and DCS 1900 (operating at around 1900MHz).
- three cascaded two-port combiners 14, 16, 18 are utilised in a given combination or arrangement, three two-port combiners could be employed to combine signals from the antenna array 6, 8, 10, 12 in any permutation.
- the four signals could be fed into a four-port combiner and/or a digital beamformer which adjusts the amplitudes and phases on the four input signals so as to effect an improvement in uplink performance.
- the combiners used are preferably maximal ratio or optimal combiners, but may be any other known type of combiners which produce a combined signal gain. Switched combiners, using pure selection combining, or fixed or variable threshold selection, may also be employed.
Description
Claims (13)
- Antenna apparatus for receiving uplink signals from mobile units (MU) in a cellular mobile radio communications system, said arrangement comprising:first antenna means (6) for receiving an uplink signal at a first polarization;second antenna means (8) for receiving the uplink signal at a second polarization different to said first polarization;third antenna means (10) for receiving the uplink signal at a third polarization at a location spaced from said first antenna means by a distance sufficient for achieving space-diversity with respect to said first antenna means; andfourth antenna means (12) for receiving the uplink signal at a fourth polarization, different to said third polarization, at a location spaced from said second antenna means by a distance sufficient for achieving space-diversity with respect to said second antenna means; andmeans for combining the uplink signal received at each of said antenna means to generate a combined received signal,
said fourth antenna means (12) is located closer to said third antenna means (10) than to said second antenna means (8),
characterized in that said apparatus is adapted to use polarization diversity and in that each of said antenna means is arranged to receive uplink signals from mobile units (MU) in one of a plurality of sectors (S1, S2, S3) disposed about a base station (BS) of said system. - Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said second polarization is substantially perpendicular to said first polarization.
- Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said first antenna means (6) is arranged to receive the uplink signal at a substantially vertical polarization, and said second antenna means (8) is arranged to receive the uplink signal at a substantially horizontal polarization.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said third antenna means (10) is arranged to receive the uplink signal at a polarization substantially parallel to said first polarization, and said fourth antenna means (12) is arranged to receive the uplink signal at a polarization substantially parallel to said second polarization.
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said third antenna means (10) is arranged to transmit downlink signals to mobile units in the system.
- Apparatus according to claim 5, wherein said second (8) and fourth (12) antenna means are arranged not to transmit downlink signals to mobile units (MU) in the system.
- Apparatus according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said first antenna means (6) is arranged not to transmit downlink signals to mobile units (MU) in the system.
- Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said combining means comprises three cascaded two-port combiners (14, 16, 18).
- Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein said combining means comprises a four-port combiner.
- Apparatus comprising a plurality of sets of the apparatus of claim 1, each said set serving one of said sectors.
- Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said base station serves a tri-sectored cell, each sector being served by one said set.
- Apparatus according to any preceding claim, for receiving uplink signals at frequencies between 300MHz and 3GHz.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9602532 | 1996-02-08 | ||
GB9602532A GB2310109B (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1996-02-08 | Antenna arrangement |
PCT/GB1997/000297 WO1997029558A1 (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1997-01-31 | Antenna arrangement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0879507A1 EP0879507A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
EP0879507B1 true EP0879507B1 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
Family
ID=10788323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97902451A Expired - Lifetime EP0879507B1 (en) | 1996-02-08 | 1997-01-31 | Antenna arrangement |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6469680B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP0879507B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000504189A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100372264C (en) |
AU (1) | AU1609597A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69733005T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2241033T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2310109B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997029558A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6351237B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 2002-02-26 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Polarization and angular diversity among antenna beams |
FI103445B (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-06-30 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Transmission procedure and radio system |
CA2217813A1 (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-09-30 | Sheldon Kent Meredith | Subspace combining of antenna beams in a mobile radio base site |
IT1295010B1 (en) * | 1997-09-10 | 1999-04-27 | Siae Microelettronica Spa | TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD USING RADIO BRIDGES |
US6411824B1 (en) * | 1998-06-24 | 2002-06-25 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Polarization-adaptive antenna transmit diversity system |
JP2003198437A (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-11 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Multi-antenna system, receiving method and transmitting method for multi-antenna |
US7372911B1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2008-05-13 | Arraycomm, Llc | Beam forming and transmit diversity in a multiple array radio communications system |
US6933909B2 (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2005-08-23 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Multichannel access point with collocated isolated antennas |
US7782827B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2010-08-24 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for processing multiple common frequency signals through a single cable using circulators |
CN1795624B (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2010-12-29 | 北方电讯网络有限公司 | Method and apparatus for processing multiple common frequency signals through a single cable |
TW200814580A (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2008-03-16 | Qualcomm Inc | Polarization reuse and beam-forming techniques for aeronautical broadband systems |
US8099131B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2012-01-17 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for antenna architecture for multi-antenna OFD based systems |
US8310362B2 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2012-11-13 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Method and apparatus to receive location information in a diversity enabled receiver |
CA2582866A1 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2008-06-09 | Tenxc Wireless Inc. | A diversity system for antenna sharing deployment |
EP2034623A1 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2009-03-11 | Nokia Siemens Networks Oy | Adaptive adjustment of an antenna arrangement for exploiting polarization and/or beamforming separation |
US8086202B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2011-12-27 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for removing the coupling and correlation of antennas, and wireless device having the function of removing the coupling and correlation of antennas |
CN102136862B (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2014-02-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station device, communication system and communication method |
WO2012166030A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | A signal combiner, method, computer program and computer program product |
WO2013056393A1 (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-04-25 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Radio receiver for polarized antenna system |
CN102412884A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-04-11 | 天津大学 | Device for realizing beamforming by utilizing MIMO (multiple input multiple output) at 4G (fourth generation) mobile terminal |
WO2015082000A1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | A wireless communication system node with re-configurable antenna devices |
KR101808588B1 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2017-12-13 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Method for inter-beam interference reduction using cross polarization and method for transmitting/receiving signal |
EP3198739B1 (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2018-05-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | An antenna arrangement for non-linear distortion mitigation |
US9124333B1 (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2015-09-01 | Sprint Communications Company L.P. | Improving uplink performance for a beam-forming antenna configuration |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4723321A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-02-02 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Techniques for cross-polarization cancellation in a space diversity radio system |
Family Cites Families (13)
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US1965184A (en) * | 1928-02-24 | 1934-07-03 | Telefunken Gmbh | Antenna arrangement |
BE551313A (en) * | 1955-09-16 | |||
CA1065020A (en) * | 1974-06-27 | 1979-10-23 | William L. Hatton | High reliability diversity communications system |
SE7415037L (en) | 1974-12-02 | 1976-06-03 | R Dahlin | BALANCING DEVICE PREFERREDLY FOR SLIPPING DISC |
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EP0108816A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-23 | International Standard Electric Corporation | A field component diversity antenna arrangement |
JP3039553B2 (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 2000-05-08 | セコム株式会社 | Antenna device |
US5138328A (en) * | 1991-08-22 | 1992-08-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Integral diversity antenna for a laptop computer |
CA2118355C (en) * | 1993-11-30 | 2002-12-10 | Michael James Gans | Orthogonal polarization and time varying offsetting of signals for digital data transmission or reception |
GB2291271B (en) * | 1994-07-09 | 1998-05-13 | Northern Telecom Ltd | Communications antenna structure |
US5742583A (en) * | 1994-11-03 | 1998-04-21 | Omnipoint Corporation | Antenna diversity techniques |
US5486836A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-01-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Method, dual rectangular patch antenna system and radio for providing isolation and diversity |
SE504992C2 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-06-09 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Radio station utilizing space diversity and polarization diversity |
-
1996
- 1996-02-08 GB GB9602532A patent/GB2310109B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-01-31 US US09/117,987 patent/US6469680B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-31 CN CNB971921261A patent/CN100372264C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-31 EP EP97902451A patent/EP0879507B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-31 DE DE69733005T patent/DE69733005T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-31 ES ES97902451T patent/ES2241033T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-31 JP JP9528265A patent/JP2000504189A/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-01-31 AU AU16095/97A patent/AU1609597A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-01-31 WO PCT/GB1997/000297 patent/WO1997029558A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4723321A (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-02-02 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Techniques for cross-polarization cancellation in a space diversity radio system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69733005D1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
DE69733005T2 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US6469680B1 (en) | 2002-10-22 |
AU1609597A (en) | 1997-08-28 |
ES2241033T3 (en) | 2005-10-16 |
CN100372264C (en) | 2008-02-27 |
EP0879507A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 |
GB2310109A (en) | 1997-08-13 |
WO1997029558A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
GB9602532D0 (en) | 1996-04-10 |
CN1210636A (en) | 1999-03-10 |
GB2310109B (en) | 2000-07-05 |
JP2000504189A (en) | 2000-04-04 |
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