EP0878980B1 - Process to manufacture heating panels and panels obtained therefrom - Google Patents
Process to manufacture heating panels and panels obtained therefrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0878980B1 EP0878980B1 EP97500191A EP97500191A EP0878980B1 EP 0878980 B1 EP0878980 B1 EP 0878980B1 EP 97500191 A EP97500191 A EP 97500191A EP 97500191 A EP97500191 A EP 97500191A EP 0878980 B1 EP0878980 B1 EP 0878980B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- base board
- sectors
- insulating material
- strips
- longitudinal strips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
Definitions
- This invention refers to a manufactrance process for heating panels, as well as the panels obtained from the implementation of said process, contributing basic novel characteristics and important advantages compared with systems known and used in the current state of the art.
- the invention develops a process to obtain a heating panel from a board based on an insulating and fireproof material, over which a series of components are applied, such as various strips of a conducting material, an insulating material such as glass fiber over the former for its protection and electrical insulation and one or more electroconducting paint films, heat generator, applied throughout prviously determined areas or sectors of the board.
- a second optional board equal to the first, applied over the mentioned components, determines the formation of a heating panel constructed in a sandwich form.
- the field of application of this invention obviously includes the industry dedicated to the manufacture of heating components and, especially, heating panels.
- U.S. Patent No. 5.391.861 describes a heater comprising an electrically insulating board in which two transversally separate electrically conducting strips have been incorporated and connected by means of plurality of longitudinally separated resistors, these constituting the generating heat elements when they are electrically fed.
- British Patent No. GB-1 354 703 describes a method and device for producing of electrically conducting coatings intended for to provide a coating on a wall by using an electrically conducting coating material expended between electrodes attached to the wall.
- French Patent No. FR-2 484 180 describe a radiating heating device which includes an active surface in a radiant panel, whose active surface has been arranged in a sandwich manner between a reflecting layer formed by the forward face of a rear panel and a radiant frontal panel, said active surface being obtained by means of a homogeneous layer formed with a material deposited in flowing state, as a painting manner.
- This invention proposes as the main purpose the development of a process for constructing a heating panel that may be executed simply and rapidly, and by means of which, as the end product, a panel is obtained, which is light, manageable, of reasonable cost and especially guarantees the user an electrical insulation permitting its handling, installation and operation without any risk of electric discharge.
- the characteristics distinguishing said process basically consist of the arrangement of a base board made of an insulating material like, for example, micanite, in a further layer a coating that is a good electricity conductor, for example, one based on copper, forming longitudinal strips, after which in the following stage a coating material is applied to protect and insulate said strips, of an insulating material, like, for example, one based on glass fiber or a similar material, applying it at least over the areas surrounding the mentioned conducting strips; then, in the following stage, an electroconducting paint is applied on different previously determined surface areas and on the strips of conducting material and the areas of insulating material covering the former, in electrical contact with the conducting strips; the last stage of panel construction consists of the arrangement of a second base board of insulating and fireproof material, preferably of the same material as the former, attached to its face over which the coatings have been made, which it hides or houses sandwichwise, to protect them against any manipulation or external agent.
- the obtained panel therefore has some sectors coated with electroconducting paint, transmitters of heat when an electric current is made circulate through the same, due to the characteristic of electrical resistance of said paint, joined near the end of the respective conducting strips (of copper), through which a supply voltage of a predetermined level is applied, preferably from the mains, said sectors advantageously consisting of superficial parts, generally rectangular, arranged parallel to each other, separated by a certain distance and distributed preferably uniformly throughout the surface of the base board.
- the supply strips will be arranged as demanded by the type of connection to be established between following sectors of electroconducting material, that is, due to the fact that according to the invention the mentioned sectors may be electrically connected to each other in series, each one of the strips will consecutively be connected to the alternate ends of each two consecutive sectors in the second case.
- the supply of each panel will be executed at a voltage of 220 V, so that the heat generating paint sectors will be calculated to support said voltage.
- the second micanite (or other non-conducting fireproof material) board has been installed over the first, only those openings necessary to execute the electric connections corresponding to the electricity mains will be visible.
- the panel obtained in this way may be installed directly over any surface to be heated, without having to carry out any works or conditioning of said surface.
- the perfected heating panel purpose of the invention, is constructed from a substrate, generally micanite or any other type of fireproof material, which does not conduct electricity, over which an electroconducting paint is applied over a predetermined area, specifically covering the pre-delimited areas of the substrate.
- thermostats and adjustment components may be incorporated, so that once the temperature predetermined by the user has been reached, the passage of energy to the electroconducting areas is stopped and the latter, on not receiving energy, cut their action.
- the external areas of the substrate are provided with a suitable coating, such as fine strips or panels of wood or similar, or another material permitting the extrapolation of the heat generated towards the exterior.
- the conducting strips manufactured with copper will be duly insulated and protected by means of a glass or mineral wool coating, it being possible to use the insulating materials considered best for the application in question.
- FIG 1 a board 1, represented in a schematic way, supports on one of its sides the different coatings incorporated to obtain the final panel.
- the process has foreseen the preparation of a base board 1, manufactured in a suitable insulating and fireproof material, such as micanite or any other of similar characteristics, as has been mentioned previously, on which areas are selected for the application of an electricity conducting material in the following stage, like, for example, copper, forming the strips 4, 5, to conduct electricity when connected to a power source, such as the electricity mains, and then being applied a coating of suitable insulating material, such as, for example, glass fiber, covering said strips and extended to areas 2,3 which widely surround the mentioned electricity conductor strips 4,5.
- a suitable insulating and fireproof material such as micanite or any other of similar characteristics, as has been mentioned previously
- the following stage consists of the formation of a predetermined number of sectors 6, using an electroconducting paint, capable of generating heat due to its resistance when a current of electricity is passed through it, and in a way that the parts corresponding to the end edges of said sectors lean on (and also are in electric contact with) the mentioned electricity conducting strips 4,5.
- both areas 2,3 of glass fiber and the conducting strips 4,5 have been arranged near the larger sides of a base board 1, which has a rectangular shape, parallel to said edges.
- the sectors 6 of heat generating electroconducting paint are arranged in the transverse direction of board 1, parallel to each other, and separated by a certain distance.
- sectors 6 receive electricity supply in parallel from the copper strips 4,5, that is, the ends of a same side receive supply from the corresponding strip 4 and the ends of the opposite side receive it from strip 5, once both strips are connected to the electricity supply, preferably to the electricity mains.
- the second board (not represented), of the same fireproof material as the first, once connected to the described assembly, hides all the conducting and heat generating parts, so that the assembly may be handled completely normally and fitted on the surface to which it is desired to transmit the generated heat.
- the base is a substrate 1 of micanite or any other suitable material such as ceramic or any fireproof and non-electricity conducting material, a coating of electroconducting paint, forming determined areas 7, which are interconnected by copper strips 8, duly insulated with an appropriate material 9, obtaining that the copper strips 8 generate the communication of the areas 7 coated with electroconducting paint obtaining as a result of the connection of the strips 8, to the mains, by means of the connections 10 with or without the collaboration of a thermostat or suitable adjuster, that the paint acts as a resistance generating heat towards the exterior, and finally the two faces of the substrate 1 being externally covered with wooden panels or strips, which decorate the perfected heating panel 1 allowing its suitable attachment on a surface, it likewise being possible to omit the incorporation on one of the external wooden panel faces, only covering the seen face, permitting the incorpor
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Domestic Hot-Water Supply Systems And Details Of Heating Systems (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention refers to a manufacturé process for heating panels, as well as the panels obtained from the implementation of said process, contributing basic novel characteristics and important advantages compared with systems known and used in the current state of the art.
- More specifically, the invention develops a process to obtain a heating panel from a board based on an insulating and fireproof material, over which a series of components are applied, such as various strips of a conducting material, an insulating material such as glass fiber over the former for its protection and electrical insulation and one or more electroconducting paint films, heat generator, applied throughout prviously determined areas or sectors of the board. A second optional board, equal to the first, applied over the mentioned components, determines the formation of a heating panel constructed in a sandwich form.
- The field of application of this invention obviously includes the industry dedicated to the manufacture of heating components and, especially, heating panels.
- In the current state of the art, the fact of using in certain applications electroconducting paint to induce the heating of an object, room, etc. in which it is applied is known. At present, the existence of patent number 8602344 is known, in which a heating system by means of an electroconducting coating is described, by means of which the necessity of heating a certain space is solved and for this purpose an electroconducting paint coating is applied directly over the walls, ceiling, etc. of the space to be heated and afterwards, two cables are fitted to the ends of the coated area and in contact with the electroconducting coating, across which a supply voltage is applied to said coating, inducing the emission of heat by means of the transformation of the supplied electric energy into heating energy.
- This system, although it may satisfy the purpose for which it has been developed, is not free from disadvantages, like, for example, the fact of applying directly the paint to the walls, with the resulting investment of time and manpower or even the care that should be placed in the application of said coating to maintain the best and most uniform resistance possible.
- Therefore, there is a need to provide some other component, whose installation is easier and which in turn is more flexible and versatile regarding the possibilities of use.
- U.S. Patent No. 5.391.861 describes a heater comprising an electrically insulating board in which two transversally separate electrically conducting strips have been incorporated and connected by means of plurality of longitudinally separated resistors, these constituting the generating heat elements when they are electrically fed.
- British Patent No. GB-1 354 703 describes a method and device for producing of electrically conducting coatings intended for to provide a coating on a wall by using an electrically conducting coating material expended between electrodes attached to the wall.
- French Patent No. FR-2 484 180 describe a radiating heating device which includes an active surface in a radiant panel, whose active surface has been arranged in a sandwich manner between a reflecting layer formed by the forward face of a rear panel and a radiant frontal panel, said active surface being obtained by means of a homogeneous layer formed with a material deposited in flowing state, as a painting manner.
- This invention proposes as the main purpose the development of a process for constructing a heating panel that may be executed simply and rapidly, and by means of which, as the end product, a panel is obtained, which is light, manageable, of reasonable cost and especially guarantees the user an electrical insulation permitting its handling, installation and operation without any risk of electric discharge.
- Accordingly, the above-cited aims are met by providing a process for manufacturing heating panels as described in claim 1 and by a heating panel as described in
claim 3. - The characteristics distinguishing said process basically consist of the arrangement of a base board made of an insulating material like, for example, micanite, in a further layer a coating that is a good electricity conductor, for example, one based on copper, forming longitudinal strips, after which in the following stage a coating material is applied to protect and insulate said strips, of an insulating material, like, for example, one based on glass fiber or a similar material, applying it at least over the areas surrounding the mentioned conducting strips; then, in the following stage, an electroconducting paint is applied on different previously determined surface areas and on the strips of conducting material and the areas of insulating material covering the former, in electrical contact with the conducting strips; the last stage of panel construction consists of the arrangement of a second base board of insulating and fireproof material, preferably of the same material as the former, attached to its face over which the coatings have been made, which it hides or houses sandwichwise, to protect them against any manipulation or external agent.
- The obtained panel therefore has some sectors coated with electroconducting paint, transmitters of heat when an electric current is made circulate through the same, due to the characteristic of electrical resistance of said paint, joined near the end of the respective conducting strips (of copper), through which a supply voltage of a predetermined level is applied, preferably from the mains, said sectors advantageously consisting of superficial parts, generally rectangular, arranged parallel to each other, separated by a certain distance and distributed preferably uniformly throughout the surface of the base board. The supply strips will be arranged as demanded by the type of connection to be established between following sectors of electroconducting material, that is, due to the fact that according to the invention the mentioned sectors may be electrically connected to each other in series, each one of the strips will consecutively be connected to the alternate ends of each two consecutive sectors in the second case.
- Preferably, the supply of each panel will be executed at a voltage of 220 V, so that the heat generating paint sectors will be calculated to support said voltage.
- Once the second micanite (or other non-conducting fireproof material) board has been installed over the first, only those openings necessary to execute the electric connections corresponding to the electricity mains will be visible. The panel obtained in this way may be installed directly over any surface to be heated, without having to carry out any works or conditioning of said surface.
- In a more simple variation of the invention, the perfected heating panel, purpose of the invention, is constructed from a substrate, generally micanite or any other type of fireproof material, which does not conduct electricity, over which an electroconducting paint is applied over a predetermined area, specifically covering the pre-delimited areas of the substrate.
- By means of some strips, made of copper or any other suitable material, the areas coated with the electroconducting paint are interconnected and the ends of said strips are used as connection points to the mains.
- Optionally, thermostats and adjustment components may be incorporated, so that once the temperature predetermined by the user has been reached, the passage of energy to the electroconducting areas is stopped and the latter, on not receiving energy, cut their action. The external areas of the substrate are provided with a suitable coating, such as fine strips or panels of wood or similar, or another material permitting the extrapolation of the heat generated towards the exterior.
- Evidently, the conducting strips manufactured with copper will be duly insulated and protected by means of a glass or mineral wool coating, it being possible to use the insulating materials considered best for the application in question.
- The following detailed description for the purpose of the invention refers to the attached drawings, which as an example and without a limiting character whatsoever, represent a preferable form of embodiment. In said drawings:
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a heating panel, and
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment for a panel in accordance with the present invention.
-
- In figure 1 a board 1, represented in a schematic way, supports on one of its sides the different coatings incorporated to obtain the final panel.
- The process has foreseen the preparation of a base board 1, manufactured in a suitable insulating and fireproof material, such as micanite or any other of similar characteristics, as has been mentioned previously, on which areas are selected for the application of an electricity conducting material in the following stage, like, for example, copper, forming the strips 4, 5, to conduct electricity when connected to a power source, such as the electricity mains, and then being applied a coating of suitable insulating material, such as, for example, glass fiber, covering said strips and extended to
areas sectors 6, using an electroconducting paint, capable of generating heat due to its resistance when a current of electricity is passed through it, and in a way that the parts corresponding to the end edges of said sectors lean on (and also are in electric contact with) the mentioned electricity conducting strips 4,5. - According to the preferable representation of figure 1, both
areas sectors 6 of heat generating electroconducting paint are arranged in the transverse direction of board 1, parallel to each other, and separated by a certain distance. As can be seen,sectors 6 receive electricity supply in parallel from the copper strips 4,5, that is, the ends of a same side receive supply from the corresponding strip 4 and the ends of the opposite side receive it from strip 5, once both strips are connected to the electricity supply, preferably to the electricity mains. The second board (not represented), of the same fireproof material as the first, once connected to the described assembly, hides all the conducting and heat generating parts, so that the assembly may be handled completely normally and fitted on the surface to which it is desired to transmit the generated heat. - Referring now to figure 2, the representation of an execution of the panel following the invention can be observed, which as a whole has a simplified geometry and finish as compared with the panel of figure 1. In fact, to achieve this heating panel, the base is a substrate 1 of micanite or any other suitable material such as ceramic or any fireproof and non-electricity conducting material, a coating of electroconducting paint, forming
determined areas 7, which are interconnected bycopper strips 8, duly insulated with an appropriate material 9, obtaining that thecopper strips 8 generate the communication of theareas 7 coated with electroconducting paint obtaining as a result of the connection of thestrips 8, to the mains, by means of theconnections 10 with or without the collaboration of a thermostat or suitable adjuster, that the paint acts as a resistance generating heat towards the exterior, and finally the two faces of the substrate 1 being externally covered with wooden panels or strips, which decorate the perfected heating panel 1 allowing its suitable attachment on a surface, it likewise being possible to omit the incorporation on one of the external wooden panel faces, only covering the seen face, permitting the incorporation of one or several panel units in a house, industrial premises, cattle or farming installations, evidently generating a heat which reaches a predetermined temperature according to the required application. - As will be appreciated, in the case of the simplified execution of figure 2, the covered
areas 7 are connected in series by means of the conductingstrips 8. - It is not considered necessary to extend the contents of this description further for an expert in the matter to understand its limits and advantages derived from the invention, as well as to develop and perform the purpose thereof.
Claims (5)
- A process for manufacturing heating panels able to be installed on any surface to be desirably heated, comprising the following process steps:preparing a first base board (1), or substrate of a fireproof insulating material, preferably micanite, ceramic or similar;applying to said first base board (1) a coating layer of an electricity conducting material, for example copper, forming at least two longitudinal strips (8);applying over the areas surrounding said longitudinal strips (8) a coating of insulating material (9), for example glass fiber; andapplying over selected areas a coating layer of heat generating electroconducting paint forming sectors (7) in such a way that they are in electrical contact with said longitudinal strips (8);
said longitudinal strips (8) and said sectors (7) are applied in such a way that the sectors (7) are connected with each other in series; and in that
a second base board of a fireproof insulating material is attached to the face of said first base board (1) over which the coatings have been made, and hiding them sandwichwise. - A process according to claim 1 wherein strips of insulating material are applied to said second base board for their superimposition on said longitudinal strips (8) coated on said first base board (1).
- A heating panel for generating heat and being able to be installed on any surface to be desirably heated, comprising:a first base board (1) or substrate of a fireproof insulating material;at least two electrically conducting longitudinal strips (8) formed on said first base board (1); anda number of transverse sectors (7) made of heat generating electroconducting paint, formed on said base board (1) and whose ends are in electrical contact with said longitudinal strips (8);
each sector (7) is connected with each other in series; and in that
the heating panel further comprises a second base board of a fireproof insulating material attached to the face of said first base board (1) where said strips (8) and said sectors (7) are formed, for housing them sandwichwise. - A heating panel according to claim 3 wherein it further comprises
electrical supply means, preferably mains supply, connected to said sectors (7) with electroconducting paint, for producing heat generation; and
adjustment and control means, such as thermostats and others, for adjusting and controlling said heat generation. - A heating panel according to claims 3 or 4 wherein it further comprises a strip of non-conducting material, such as wood, for covering the panel on one or both faces.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI9730700T SI0878980T1 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-11-11 |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES9701282 | 1997-05-09 | ||
ES9701282 | 1997-05-09 | ||
ES9701785A ES2129367B1 (en) | 1997-08-12 | 1997-08-12 | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HEATING PANELS, AND PANELS OBTAINED. |
ES9701785 | 1997-08-12 |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0878980A2 EP0878980A2 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
EP0878980A3 EP0878980A3 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
EP0878980B1 true EP0878980B1 (en) | 2005-02-02 |
EP0878980B2 EP0878980B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
Family
ID=26155070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97500191.8A Expired - Lifetime EP0878980B2 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1997-11-11 | Process to manufacture heating panels |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0878980B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE288667T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69732406T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0878980T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT878980E (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2048912A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-04-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electric oven with radiating glass plates |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMI20011454A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-09 | Cadif Srl | POLYMER BITUME BASED PLANT AND TAPE PROCEDURE FOR SURFACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEATING OF STRUCTURES AND INFRASTRUCTURES |
WO2007147906A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-27 | David Sanchez Duque | Heating plate and method for manufacturing it |
JP6387864B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2018-09-12 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | Heater and image forming apparatus |
FR3033679A1 (en) | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-16 | Fanien Hubert Jean Louis Henri Delelis | METHOD OF ASSEMBLING PLATE-TYPE HEATING ELEMENT AND HEATING ARTICLE THEREFOR |
CN104837222B (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2016-11-16 | 南京格林木业有限公司 | Conductive exothermal composite board that a kind of conductive exothermal glued membrane is made and its preparation method and the goods made with this composite board |
CN116532333A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-04 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Online heating coating for surface of wind tunnel test model and preparation method thereof |
CN116637789B (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2024-01-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Electric heating coating suitable for wind tunnel test model with complex appearance and large curvature surface and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1079902A (en) * | 1963-08-06 | 1967-08-16 | Sidney John Noyce | Improvements in heating elements |
GB1354703A (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1974-06-05 | Hunterseal Ltd | Method of and means for producing electrically conductive coatings |
US3973103A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1976-08-03 | Universal Oil Products Company | Wood veneer radiant heating panel |
FR2484180A1 (en) * | 1980-06-10 | 1981-12-11 | Nauert Raymond | Electric panel heater using conductive paint layer - uses 2 facing asbestos cement panels, with conductive layer in inner side and reflective layer on inside to provide heat using joule effect |
FR2582387A1 (en) * | 1984-12-17 | 1986-11-28 | Leroy Claude | Electrical, radiating, heating paint for heating all premises, for deicing trunkroads, etc. |
JPH0529067A (en) * | 1991-07-25 | 1993-02-05 | Rohm Co Ltd | Structure of heating element and heater for office automation equipment |
-
1997
- 1997-11-11 DE DE69732406T patent/DE69732406T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-11 EP EP97500191.8A patent/EP0878980B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-11 DK DK97500191T patent/DK0878980T3/en active
- 1997-11-11 AT AT97500191T patent/ATE288667T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-11 PT PT97500191T patent/PT878980E/en unknown
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2048912A1 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2009-04-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electric oven with radiating glass plates |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69732406T2 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
ATE288667T1 (en) | 2005-02-15 |
EP0878980A3 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
EP0878980A2 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
DE69732406D1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
DK0878980T3 (en) | 2005-06-06 |
EP0878980B2 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
PT878980E (en) | 2005-06-30 |
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