EP0870665B1 - Wheel axle for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Wheel axle for railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0870665B1
EP0870665B1 EP98101060A EP98101060A EP0870665B1 EP 0870665 B1 EP0870665 B1 EP 0870665B1 EP 98101060 A EP98101060 A EP 98101060A EP 98101060 A EP98101060 A EP 98101060A EP 0870665 B1 EP0870665 B1 EP 0870665B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel axle
eccentric
adjustment
wheel
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98101060A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0870665A2 (en
EP0870665A3 (en
Inventor
Arnold Bokel
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SKF GmbH
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SKF GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0870665A3 publication Critical patent/EP0870665A3/en
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Publication of EP0870665B1 publication Critical patent/EP0870665B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • B61F5/46—Adjustment controlled by a sliding axle under the same vehicle underframe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/12—Axle-boxes with roller, needle, or ball bearings
    • B61F15/16—Axle-boxes with roller, needle, or ball bearings the axle being slidable or tiltable in the bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wheel axle for rail vehicles according to the preamble of Main claim.
  • Wheel axles mounted in this way are used for various rail vehicles such as Locomotives, wagons, etc. are used in pairs on springs in a bogie used or attached to the wagon frame in simpler versions.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a wheel axle for rail vehicles of the type mentioned Art to create, with simple means both a horizontal and a vertical adjustment is possible.
  • the object is achieved in that the spherical bearing rings as rotatable Eccentric also for vertical adjustment of the wheel axle are provided opposite the frame with which an inclination movement of the vehicle is generated.
  • the area of the wheel bearing spring on one side of the Viewed wheel axis - at a single point both a steering movement in a horizontal as well as a slope in the vertical direction.
  • the Eccentric can be turned from its rest position.
  • each axis can be one Bogie can be adjusted on both sides and thus receives an optimized barrel geometry Cornering.
  • the eccentric can directly support the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing or one commercially available rolling bearings can be used in it.
  • one commercially available rolling bearings can be used in it.
  • the eccentric from lighter material, for example cast aluminum, and a Weight-optimized design through recesses, struts, etc. to be provided.
  • the invention is based on the example shown in the drawing described.
  • the bearing housing 1 is provided with support brackets 2, as here not shown, about springs with a frame, e.g. B. connected to a bogie are. Inside the bearing housing 1 is an eccentric 3 over part-spherical Spherical bearing surfaces 4 in the arrow direction 5 rotatably and pivotably arranged.
  • a roller bearing 6 indicated by two circles, for example a commercially available one Cylindrical roller bearing is at a distance from the center line 7 of the spherical bearing in the eccentric 3 used and rotatably supports one side of the wheel axle.
  • the invisible other side the wheel axle 8 is identical.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the rest position O according to FIG. 1 again.
  • the frame frame takes along attached wheels 11 the smallest height and is aligned horizontally. This corresponds to driving straight ahead on a horizontally aligned pair of rails.
  • figure 4 shows the positions of two wheel axles 8 arranged on a bogie, which are set for cornering on an inclined pair of rails.
  • the right one Eccentric 3 of the upper wheel axle 8 is adjusted to position H, which is shown in FIG. 1 is drawn.
  • the right eccentric 3 of the lower wheel axle 8 takes the Position V according to Figure 1.
  • the eccentric 3 shown on the left are unchanged in the Position O.
  • a single wheel axle 8 is shown in FIG. 5, but not in the horizontal direction is adjusted and a maximum by adjusting the left eccentric in position U. Inclination of the frame 9 causes.
  • the right eccentric 3 is in position O. Um, however to avoid a steering adjustment of the wheel axis 8 in the horizontal direction during the actuating process from the rest position shown in Figure 2 initially both Eccentric 3 are brought in the same direction from the rest position O to the H position. After that the left eccentric 3 is placed from H to U and the right eccentric 3 in opposite directions but brought back to the rest position O synchronous to the left eccentric 3.

Abstract

The axle has bearings at both sides, with outer rings fastened via pivot bearings to housing, bogie, etc. The pivot bearing rings are formed as turnable eccentrics (3) for horizontal and vertical adjustment of the axle relative to the bogie. Eccentrics on both sides can be adjusted opposite to each other. Each eccentric consists of injection moulded material, and has an inset conventional radial roller bearing (6). Each also has units for rotary adjustment through +- 180 deg, from a central rest position (O).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Radachse für Schienenfahrzeuge nach dem Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruches.The invention relates to a wheel axle for rail vehicles according to the preamble of Main claim.

Durch die DE 881 209 ist bereits ein Achslager bekannt, dessen Außenring über Zylinderrollen auf der Radachse angeordnet ist und am Mantel als Gelenklager ausgeführt ist. Dadurch ist die Achse an beiden Enden jeweils in einem Gehäuse schwenkbeweglich angeordnet. Fluchtungsfehler und insbesondere Abweichungen infolge Achsdurchbiegungen werden damit vom Zylinderrollenlager ferngehalten.From DE 881 209 an axle bearing is already known, the outer ring of which Cylindrical rollers are arranged on the wheel axle and executed on the jacket as a spherical bearing is. As a result, the axle can be pivoted in a housing at both ends arranged. Misalignment and especially deviations as a result Axle deflections are thus kept away from the cylindrical roller bearing.

Auf diese Weise gelagerte Radachsen werden für diverse Schienenfahrzeuge wie Lokomotiven, Waggons, etc. verwendet, sind über Federn in einem Drehgestell paarweise eingesetzt oder bei einfacheren Ausführungen am Waggongestell befestigt.Wheel axles mounted in this way are used for various rail vehicles such as Locomotives, wagons, etc. are used in pairs on springs in a bogie used or attached to the wagon frame in simpler versions.

Um mehrachsigen Fahrzeugen ein besseres Verhalten bei Kurvenfahrten zu geben und insbesondere den Verschleiß im Rad/Schiene-Bereich zu reduzieren, wurden Achsen auch als Lenkachsen eingesetzt, wie dies beispielsweise aus der EP 0 116 235 hervorgeht. Die verwendete Hebelmechanik verschiebt dabei das gesamte Lagergehäuse in einer horizontalen Ebene und schafft somit eine geschwenkte Lage zwischen benachbarten Radachsen.To give multi-axle vehicles better behavior when cornering and Axles have also been used to reduce wear in the wheel / rail area in particular used as steering axles, as can be seen, for example, from EP 0 116 235. The lever mechanism used moves the entire bearing housing in one horizontal plane and thus creates a pivoted position between adjacent ones Wheel axles.

Weiterhin sind Einrichtungen bekannt, die den Waggonkasten gegenüber dem Achsgestell in einer vertikalen Ebene neigen, um die dynamischen Eigenschaften bei Kurvenfahrten zu optimieren. Furthermore, devices are known that the car body opposite the axle frame incline in a vertical plane to improve the dynamic characteristics when cornering optimize.

Aus der FR 1019626 ist eine Einrichtung zur Achssteuerung bei Schienenfahrzeugen bekannt, bei der die Lager der Achse exzentrisch verschwenkbar sind. Die exzentrische Verschwenkung dient allein der Lenkung des Schienenfahrzeugs. Um zu verhindern, daß durch die mit der Lenkbewegung einhergehende Vertikalbewegung der Exzenter eine Anhebung bzw. eine Absenkung des Gesamtgewichts des Schienenfahrzeugs erforderlich wird, werden die Exzenter so angesteuert, daß zu jeweils einer angehobenen Achse eine abgesenkte Achse korrespondiert, so daß der Schwerpunkt im wesentlichen vertikal fixiert bleibt. From FR 1019626 a device for axis control is included Rail vehicles are known in which the bearing of the axle is eccentric are pivotable. The eccentric swivel is used only to steer the Rail vehicle. To prevent that from having to do the steering movement accompanying vertical movement of the eccentrics an increase or Lowering the total weight of the rail vehicle will be required the eccentrics controlled so that one for each raised axis lowered axis corresponds so that the center of gravity is substantially vertical remains fixed.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Radachse für Schienenfahrzeuge der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der mit einfachen Mitteln sowohl eine horizontale als auch eine vertikale Verstellung möglich ist.The object of the invention is to provide a wheel axle for rail vehicles of the type mentioned Art to create, with simple means both a horizontal and a vertical adjustment is possible.

Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Gelenklagerringe als drehbare Exzenter auch zur vertikalen Verstellung der Radachse gegenüber dem Gestell vorgesehen sind, mit denen eine Neigungsbewegung des Fahrzeugs erzeugt wird.The object is achieved in that the spherical bearing rings as rotatable Eccentric also for vertical adjustment of the wheel axle are provided opposite the frame with which an inclination movement of the vehicle is generated.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung kann - den Bereich Rad-Lager-Feder einer Seite der Radachse betrachtet - an einer einzigen Stelle sowohl eine Lenkbewegung in horizontaler als auch eine Neigung in vertikaler Richtung erzeugt werden. Dazu muß lediglich der Exzenter aus seiner Ruhelage gedreht werden. Auf diese Weise kann jede Achse eines Drehgestells beiderseits verstellt werden und erhält so eine optimierte Laufgeometrie bei Kurvenfahrten.With the solution according to the invention, the area of the wheel bearing spring on one side of the Viewed wheel axis - at a single point both a steering movement in a horizontal as well as a slope in the vertical direction. To do this, only the Eccentric can be turned from its rest position. In this way, each axis can be one Bogie can be adjusted on both sides and thus receives an optimized barrel geometry Cornering.

Der Exzenter kann direkt die Außenring-Laufbahn des Wälzlagers tragen oder ein handelsübliches Wälzlager kann darin eingesetzt sein. Für den zweiten Fall ist es möglich, den Exzenter aus leichterem Material, beispielsweise Aluminium-Guß herzustellen und eine gewichtsoptimierte Ausführung durch Ausnehmungen, Verstrebungen, etc. vorzusehen.The eccentric can directly support the outer ring raceway of the rolling bearing or one commercially available rolling bearings can be used in it. In the second case it is possible to produce the eccentric from lighter material, for example cast aluminum, and a Weight-optimized design through recesses, struts, etc. to be provided.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Beispiel beschrieben.The invention is based on the example shown in the drawing described.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
die Seitenansicht einer Radachse mit Gelenklager und darin exzentrisch angeordnetem Wälzlager,
Figur 2
die horizontale Draufsicht auf die Radachse gemäß Figur 1,
Figur 3
die vertikale Draufsicht auf die Radachse gemäß Figur 1, 2,
Figur 4
die vertikale Draufsicht auf ein Drehgestell mit Exzenterverstellung für Kurvenfahrt und Neigung,
Figur 5
die horizontale Draufsicht auf eine Radachse mit einseitig verstelltem Exzenter und
Figur 6
die vertikale Draufsicht auf eine Radachse mit beiderseits gegensinnig verstellten Exzentern.
Show it:
Figure 1
the side view of a wheel axle with spherical plain bearing and roller bearing arranged eccentrically therein,
Figure 2
the horizontal plan view of the wheel axle according to Figure 1,
Figure 3
the vertical plan view of the wheel axle according to Figure 1, 2,
Figure 4
the vertical top view of a bogie with eccentric adjustment for cornering and inclination,
Figure 5
the horizontal plan view of a wheel axle with eccentric adjusted on one side and
Figure 6
the vertical plan view of a wheel axle with eccentrics adjusted in opposite directions on both sides.

In den Figuren ist nur das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Radachse dargestellt. Alle dafür unwesentlichen Bauteile, Funktionsmerkmale, etc. sind weggelassen.In the figures, only the principle of the wheel axle according to the invention is shown. All for it insignificant components, functional features, etc. are omitted.

Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Radachse ist nur der Bereich des Lagergehäuses 1 schematisch gezeigt. Das Lagergehäuse 1 ist mit Tragkonsolen 2 versehen, die wie hier nicht gezeigt, über Federn mit einem Gestellrahmen, z. B. eines Drehgestells verbunden sind. Im Inneren des Lagergehäuses 1 ist ein Exzenter 3 über teilkugelförmige Gelenklagerflächen 4 in Pfeilrichtung 5 drehbar und schwenkbar angeordnet.In the wheel axle shown in FIG. 1, only the area of the bearing housing 1 is shown schematically. The bearing housing 1 is provided with support brackets 2, as here not shown, about springs with a frame, e.g. B. connected to a bogie are. Inside the bearing housing 1 is an eccentric 3 over part-spherical Spherical bearing surfaces 4 in the arrow direction 5 rotatably and pivotably arranged.

Ein durch zwei Kreise angedeutetes Wälzlager 6, beispielsweise ein handelsübliches Zylinderrollenlager, ist im Abstand zur Mittellinie 7 des Gelenklagers in den Exzenter 3 eingesetzt und lagert die eine Seite der Radachse drehbar. Die nicht sichtbare andere Seite der Radachse 8 ist identisch ausgeführt.A roller bearing 6 indicated by two circles, for example a commercially available one Cylindrical roller bearing is at a distance from the center line 7 of the spherical bearing in the eccentric 3 used and rotatably supports one side of the wheel axle. The invisible other side the wheel axle 8 is identical.

Durch eine nicht dargestellte bekannte Mechanik - beispielsweise Getriebemotor, Zahnstange, Hydraulik, Hebelkombination, etc. - können die Exzenter 3 der einen und der anderen Seite der Radachse 8 gleichsinnig oder gegensinnig um bis zu ± 180 Grad in die angegebenen Pfeilrichtungen 5 verstellt werden.By a known mechanism, not shown - for example a gear motor, Rack, hydraulics, lever combination, etc. - can the eccentric 3 one and the other side of the wheel axis 8 in the same direction or in opposite directions by up to ± 180 degrees in the indicated arrow directions 5 can be adjusted.

Die Auswirkung auf die Radachse 8 gegenüber dem Gestellrahmen 9 geht aus den nächsten Figuren hervor.The effect on the wheel axle 8 with respect to the frame 9 goes from the next figures.

In Figur 2 und 3 ist nochmals die Ruhestellung O gemäß Figur 1 dargestellt. Der Gestellrahmen nimmt gegenüber der daran über Federn 10 abgestützten Radachse 8 mit daran befestigten Rädern 11 die kleinste Höhe ein und ist horizontal ausgerichtet. Dies entspricht einer Geradeausfahrt auf einem horizontal ausgerichteten Schienenpaar. In Figur 4 sind die Positionen von zwei an einem Drehgestell angeordneten Radachsen 8 dargestellt, die für die Kurvenfahrt auf einem geneigten Schienenpaar eingestellt sind. Der rechte Exzenter 3 der oberen Radachse 8 ist dabei in die Position H verstellt, die in Figur 1 eingezeichnet ist. Der rechte Exzenter 3 der unteren Radachse 8 nimmt dagegen die Position V gemäß Figur 1 ein. Die links dargestellten Exzenter 3 sind unverändert in der Position O. Dadurch ergibt sich eine Neigung des Gestellrahmens 9 gegenüber der Radachse 8 und gegenüber dem Schienenpaar nach rechts fallend, was jedoch aus Figur 4 nicht hervorgeht. Darüberhinaus wird eine gegensinnige Schiefstellung bei den Radachsen 8 aus der rechtwinkeligen Lage zur Mittelachse des Gestellrahmens 9 bewirkt, wodurch eine Lenkwirkung und damit eine Anpassung an die Kurvengeometrie erreicht wird.FIGS. 2 and 3 show the rest position O according to FIG. 1 again. The Compared to the wheel axle 8 supported thereon by springs 10, the frame frame takes along attached wheels 11 the smallest height and is aligned horizontally. This corresponds to driving straight ahead on a horizontally aligned pair of rails. In figure 4 shows the positions of two wheel axles 8 arranged on a bogie, which are set for cornering on an inclined pair of rails. The right one Eccentric 3 of the upper wheel axle 8 is adjusted to position H, which is shown in FIG. 1 is drawn. The right eccentric 3 of the lower wheel axle 8 takes the Position V according to Figure 1. The eccentric 3 shown on the left are unchanged in the Position O. This results in an inclination of the frame 9 relative to the Wheel axis 8 and falling to the right relative to the pair of rails, but this from FIG. 4 does not emerge. In addition, there is an opposing skewing of the wheel axles 8 caused from the perpendicular position to the central axis of the frame 9, whereby a steering effect and thus an adaptation to the curve geometry is achieved.

In Figur 5 ist eine einzelne Radachse 8 dargestellt, die in horizontaler Richtung nicht verstellt ist und durch Verstellung des linken Exzenters in Stellung U eine maximale Neigung des Gestellrahmens 9 bewirkt. Der rechte Exzenter 3 ist in Position O. Um jedoch eine Lenkverstellung der Radachse 8 in horizontaler Richtung zu vermeiden, können während des Stellvorganges aus der in Figur 2 dargestellten Ruhelage zunächst beide Exzenter 3 gleichsinnig von der Ruhestellung O in die Stellung H gebracht werden. Danach wird der linke Exzenter 3 von H nach U gestellt und der rechte Exzenter 3 gegensinnig aber synchron zum linken Exzenter 3 zurück in die Ruheposition O gebracht.A single wheel axle 8 is shown in FIG. 5, but not in the horizontal direction is adjusted and a maximum by adjusting the left eccentric in position U. Inclination of the frame 9 causes. The right eccentric 3 is in position O. Um, however to avoid a steering adjustment of the wheel axis 8 in the horizontal direction during the actuating process from the rest position shown in Figure 2 initially both Eccentric 3 are brought in the same direction from the rest position O to the H position. After that the left eccentric 3 is placed from H to U and the right eccentric 3 in opposite directions but brought back to the rest position O synchronous to the left eccentric 3.

In Figur 6 ist eine Position der Radachse 8 dargestellt, die aussschließlich in horizontaler Richtung geneigt ist. Dabei befindet sich der linke Exzenter 3 in Stellung V, der rechte 3 in Stellung H. Aus der Ruheposition O wird dies durch synchrones gegensinniges Stellen der Exzenter 3 erreicht. Dabei erfolgt keine Neigung in vertikaler Richtung gegenüber dem Gestellrahmen 9.In Figure 6, a position of the wheel axis 8 is shown, which is exclusively in the horizontal Direction is inclined. The left eccentric 3 is in position V, the right 3 in position H. From the rest position O this is achieved by synchronous opposing positioning the eccentric 3 reached. There is no inclination in the vertical direction compared to the Rack frame 9.

Die Beispiele zeigen, daß durch Verstellung des erfinderungsgemäßen Exzenters 3, insbesondere bei Betrachtung eines zweichachsigen Schienenfahrzeuges und Exzenterverstellung an beiden Seiten beider Radachsen, sich vielseitige Kombinationen von Verstellungen in vertikaler und/oder horizontaler Richtung, bis hin zur reinen Niveauregulierung erreichen lassen.The examples show that by adjusting the eccentric 3 according to the invention, especially when considering a biaxial rail vehicle and Eccentric adjustment on both sides of both wheel axles, versatile combinations of Adjustments in the vertical and / or horizontal direction up to the pure one Allow leveling to be achieved.

Claims (4)

  1. A wheel axle for railway vehicles with bearings arranged at both ends, the outer rings of which are pivotably mounted via universal joint bearings on a housing, frame, etc., wherein the universal joint bearing rings are in the form of rotatable cams (3) for horizontal adjustment of the wheel axle relative to the frame (9), with which a steering movement is produced in a horizontal direction, characterised in that the rotatable cams are also provided for vertical adjustment of the wheel axle, with which an inclination movement of the vehicle is produced.
  2. A wheel axle according to Claim 1, characterised in that an inverse adjustment of the cams (3) is provided at both ends relative to one another.
  3. A wheel axle according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the cam (3) consists of an injection-moulded material and a commercially available radial rolling bearing (6) is used.
  4. A wheel axle according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the cam (3) is provided with means for rotational adjustment by ± 180 degrees, starting from a central rest position (0).
EP98101060A 1997-02-15 1998-01-22 Wheel axle for railway vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0870665B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19705888A DE19705888A1 (en) 1997-02-15 1997-02-15 Wheel axle for rail vehicles
DE19705888 1997-02-15

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0870665A2 EP0870665A2 (en) 1998-10-14
EP0870665A3 EP0870665A3 (en) 2000-03-01
EP0870665B1 true EP0870665B1 (en) 2002-07-17

Family

ID=7820391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98101060A Expired - Lifetime EP0870665B1 (en) 1997-02-15 1998-01-22 Wheel axle for railway vehicles

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0870665B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE220625T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19705888A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2484557B (en) * 2011-01-11 2013-02-27 Messier Dowty Ltd A landing gear assembly

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE833656C (en) * 1949-03-24 1952-03-10 Fried Krupp Lokomotivfabrik Adjustment device for the axis control of fake vehicles
DE881209C (en) 1951-06-19 1953-06-29 Krauss Maffei Ag Axle bearing with roller bearings arranged in the bearing housing for rail vehicles, especially for locomotives
CH460076A (en) * 1967-05-03 1968-07-31 Wanner Maurice Railway installation, comprising vehicles able to travel on tracks with different gauges
CH630305A5 (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-06-15 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Bogie for a rail vehicle
CH644555A5 (en) * 1980-01-30 1984-08-15 Schweizerische Lokomotiv Device for controlling the swivelling movement of a wheel set of a rail vehicle in a bend
CA1190092A (en) 1982-12-30 1985-07-09 Roy E. Smith 3 axle steered truck
DE29502630U1 (en) * 1995-02-17 1995-03-30 Skf Gmbh Eccentric bearing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE220625T1 (en) 2002-08-15
EP0870665A2 (en) 1998-10-14
EP0870665A3 (en) 2000-03-01
DE59804764D1 (en) 2002-08-22
DE19705888A1 (en) 1998-08-20

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