EP0867680B1 - Space saving heat exchanger - Google Patents

Space saving heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0867680B1
EP0867680B1 EP98400667A EP98400667A EP0867680B1 EP 0867680 B1 EP0867680 B1 EP 0867680B1 EP 98400667 A EP98400667 A EP 98400667A EP 98400667 A EP98400667 A EP 98400667A EP 0867680 B1 EP0867680 B1 EP 0867680B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubes
sheets
case
heat exchanger
disposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98400667A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0867680A1 (en
Inventor
Jean Aubry
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Alstom Power Boiler SA
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Alstom Power Boiler SA
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Publication of EP0867680A1 publication Critical patent/EP0867680A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0015—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type
    • F22B31/0023—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed for boilers of the water tube type with tubes in the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger intended in particular to be installed in a dense external fluidized bed equipping a circulating fluidized bed hearth.
  • Such a heat exchanger conventionally comprises a collector of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet manifold connected together by at minus a group of tubes extending in a zigzag in a vertical plane between the inlet manifold and outlet manifold.
  • Zigzags define pins with hair having adjacent branches which are inclined to one another the other (of the order of 8 to 15 °), leaving a certain free space between them. This tilt is necessary to obtain a natural circulation of the bubbles of fluid vapor in the tubes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger with reduced space requirement, i.e. a heat exchanger of dimensions similar to exchangers of the zigzag tube type but having a larger heat exchange area.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger, which comprises at least a first group of tubes extending in a vertical plane and forming a first panel of tubes for connecting a first fluid inlet manifold arranged in the lower lateral part of a single-chamber outlet manifold arranged in the upper central part of a box, at least one second group of tubes extending in said vertical plane and forming a second panel of tubes for connecting a second inlet manifold for the disposed fluid in the lower side of the box to the outlet manifold, the first tube panel and the second tube panel each having first tubes which extend substantially horizontally and parallel the to each other in the lower part of the box, second tubes which are connected by multiple bifurcations to the first tubes and which extend substantially vertically and parallel to each other between the part bottom of the box and the middle part of the box, and of the third tubes bends which are connected by multiple bifurcations to the second tubes and which extend parallel to each other between the middle part of the box and the upper part of the box where they are connected to the outlet
  • the first and the second tube panel have a different number of tubes so that these two panels are juxtaposed in said vertical plane along a line vertical offset from a vertical center of the box.
  • the exchanger comprises a first set of first and second tube panels arranged alternately in parallel vertical planes and connecting the first inlet manifold to the outlet manifold and a second set of first and second panels of tubes arranged alternately in parallel vertical planes and connecting the second inlet manifold at the outlet manifold, the tube panels of the first set of tube panels being further staggered with the panels tubes from the second set of tube panels so that a panel of tubes from the first set of tube panels having a small number of tube is juxtaposed to a panel of tubes of the second set of panels of tubes having a greater number of tubes, and there is further provided a system of attachment to secure in their lower part the tube panels of the two sets of tube panels having a greater number of tubes.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically the exchanger according to the invention mounted in a fluidized bed.
  • Figure 2 is a very schematic sectional view along ll-ll of the exchanger of Figure 1 equipped with several tube panels.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown very schematically in cross section, part of a dense fluidized bed and more precisely a box 1 consisting of a metal sheet reinforced with stiffeners and an internal concrete layer, this box defining a chamber 2 into which the solids after passing over a low wall downstream of a reception of these solids.
  • box 1 consisting of a metal sheet reinforced with stiffeners and an internal concrete layer, this box defining a chamber 2 into which the solids after passing over a low wall downstream of a reception of these solids.
  • Bedroom 2 is normally fitted with a lower box fluidizing air supply (not shown), air injection nozzles fluidization (not shown) which are arranged in the bottom wall 2A of chamber 2.
  • a heat exchanger 3 according to the invention is shown installed inside room 2.
  • the heat exchanger 3 comprises a set of tubes intended for convey a heat transfer fluid, for example steam, between two collectors fluid inlet 4A, 4B arranged in the lower lateral part of the box and a outlet manifold 5 of the heated fluid disposed in the central upper part of the caisson. It is in chamber 2 that the dense fluidization of solids takes place allowing the heating of the fluid in the tubes of the heat exchanger.
  • a heat transfer fluid for example steam
  • the inlet collectors 4A and 4B each consist of a tube extending horizontally along the outer lateral side of the box 1, respectively on the left for the collector 4A and on the right for the collector 4B in figure 1.
  • the outlet manifold 5 consists of a tube extending horizontally at the upper central part of chamber 2 and more precisely under the upper wall 2B of the chamber 2. This outlet manifold 5 is connected to a tube 6 which passes through the upper wall 2B by a slot 7. The tubing 6 is coated with concrete 8 lining the slot 7 so that the outlet manifold 5 is suspended from the upper wall 2B of chamber 2.
  • the heat exchanger 3 itself has a first group of tubes extending in a vertical plane and forming a first panel 3A of tubes which connect the first inlet manifold 4A to the outlet manifold 5 and a second group of tubes extending in the same vertical plane and forming a second panel 3B of tubes which connect the second inlet manifold 4B to the outlet manifold 5.
  • each panel 3A or 3B of tubes have first tubes such as 31 which extend substantially horizontally and parallel to each other in the lower part of the caisson. These tubes 31 pass through a side wall of the box through a slot filled with concrete, respectively the left wall in figure 1 for the tubes 31 of panel 3A and the right wall in FIG. 1 for tubes 31 of panel 3B.
  • Each tube panel 3A, 3B also includes second tubes such as 32 which are connected by multiple bifurcations such as 33 to the first tubes of the panel considered and which extend substantially vertically and parallel to each other between the lower part of the box and the middle part of the box.
  • Each tube panel 3A, 3B also includes third tubes C-shaped bends such as 34 which are connected by bifurcations multiples such as 35 to the second tubes of the panel considered and which extend parallel to each other between the middle part of the box and the upper part of the box where they are connected to the outlet manifold 5.
  • the bending of the tubes 34 defines the profile of the dense fluidized bed and more particularly the tubes 34 of the first panel 3A and of the second panel 3B form a channel flow of solids whose cross section is O-shaped which facilitates the transit of these solids in transverse flow because they do not encounter almost no obstacles.
  • the tubes 31 and 32 are relatively close from each other and form a heat exchange surface at the bottom of the box which is relatively continuous in the vertical plane while allowing a some mobility of solids between adjacent tubes. This provision allows therefore to obtain a fairly large heat exchange surface for a relatively small footprint.
  • the exchanger has tubes horizontal like tubes 31, we nevertheless obtain good circulation of heat transfer fluid in the exchanger thanks to the vertical tubes 32 which contribute the proper functioning of the feed in natural circulation.
  • Each tube panel is stiffened in its lower part at the level tubes 31 and at the bottom of the tubes 32 using continuous fins 36 arranged between adjacent tubes, these fins 36 being represented by hatching in Figure 1.
  • the tubes 31 of the panel 3A are connected to the inlet manifold 4A via a tube 9A in form of collector which extends vertically and the tubes 31 of the panel 3B are connected to the inlet manifold 4B via another pipe 9B in the form of a collector which extends vertically.
  • the tubes 34 of the panel 3A are connected to the outlet manifold 5 via other tubing 10A in the form of a bottle which extends horizontally and the tubes 34 of the panel 3B are also connected to the outlet manifold 5 via another tube 10B in the form of a bottle which extends horizontally.
  • the arrangement of the heat exchanger tubes as indicated above allows to design an exchanger configuration with several firsts and second tube panels so as to increase the heat exchange surface without considerably increasing the size of the exchanger.
  • FIG 1 there are shown panels 3A and 3B which have a different number of tubes 31 (or 32.34), in the example, 7 tubes 31 for the panel 3A and 5 tubes 31 for panel 3B.
  • the two panels 3A and 3B are juxtaposed in the vertical plane along a line vertical in C offset with respect to a vertical median 11 of the box. A such an arrangement facilitates the mounting of several panels 3A and 3B in the caisson.
  • FIG. 2 very schematically shows a section II-II of the box in FIG. 1, a configuration of a heat exchanger according to the invention comprising several panels 3A and 3B. We see that several panels 3A and 3B are interposed in the longitudinal direction of the box.
  • this configuration comprises a first set of tube panels 3A and 3B arranged, on the left in FIG. 2, in alternation (i.e. alternately a 3A panel and a 3B panel) in parallel vertical planes.
  • This first set of tube panels 3A, 3B connects the inlet manifold 4A to the outlet manifold 5.
  • the configuration includes a second set of 3A and 3B tube panels arranged, on the right in FIG. 2, alternately in vertical planes parallel. This second set of tube panels 3A, 3B connects the second inlet manifold 4B to outlet manifold 5.
  • the panels 3A, 3B of the first set panels are staggered with panels 3A, 3B of the second set of panels so that a tube panel from the first assembly having a small number of tubes, i.e. a 3B panel, is juxtaposed in the same vertical plane to a panel of tubes of the second assembly having a greater number of tubes, that is to say a panel 3A.
  • the panels 3A and 3B of the two sets of tube panels are as well nested within each other.
  • This staggered arrangement of panels 3A and 3B facilitates their mounting in the box.
  • a hanging system is provided for secure in their lower part the tube panels of the two sets of tube panels with a greater number of tubes, i.e. panels 3A, so as to obtain a rigidity of the structure of the exchanger thermal in the vertical direction while leaving the possibility of displacement panels between them in the horizontal direction.
  • This attachment system is shown as an example in Figure 2 by two rods 12 which pass through fins 36 arranged in the lower part of these panels. These two rods 12 are also shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG 2 there is shown by way of non-limiting example a heat exchanger structure according to the invention in which 3 panels 3A or 3B of a set of panels as defined above are connected to a tubing 9 welded to an inlet manifold, respectively 4A or 4B, this tubing 9 making these panels 3A or 3B integral in their lower part.
  • Figure 2 also shows a heat exchanger configuration according to the invention comprising several pipes such as 9 and therefore several triplets of panels 3A or 3B of a set arranged in vertical planes adjacent. In this way, we understand that it is easy to increase the surface heat exchange by multiplying the number of pipes 9 and therefore tube panels.
  • an additional flange is provided such as 13 (shown in FIG. 1) at the level of the tubes 34.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

The heat exchanger consists of first and second tube panels (3A, 3B) suspended inside a housing, set opposite one another in a vertical plane and connected to external inlet manifolds (4A, 4B) and a common internal outlet manifold (5). Each of the panels has a first series of tubes (31) which extend horizontally in the lower part of the housing from the inlet manifolds, and a second series (32) extending vertically upwards from the first, and a third series (34) of angled tubes which are connected to the second and extend upwards from the middle of the housing to the top, where the outlet manifold (5) is located.

Description

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur destiné notamment à être installé dans un lit dense fluidisé externe équipant un foyer à lit fluidisé circulant.The invention relates to a heat exchanger intended in particular to be installed in a dense external fluidized bed equipping a circulating fluidized bed hearth.

Un tel échangeur de chaleur comporte classiquement un collecteur d'entrée d'un fluide et un collecteur de sortie du fluide raccordés entre eux par au moins un groupe de tubes s'étendant en zigzag dans un plan vertical entre le collecteur d'entrée et le collecteur de sortie. Les zigzags définissent des épingles à cheveux ayant des branches adjacentes qui sont inclinées l'une par rapport à l'autre (de l'ordre de 8 à 15°) en laissant un certain espace libre entre elles. Cette inclinaison est nécessaire pour obtenir une circulation naturelle des bulles de vapeur du fluide dans les tubes.Such a heat exchanger conventionally comprises a collector of a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet manifold connected together by at minus a group of tubes extending in a zigzag in a vertical plane between the inlet manifold and outlet manifold. Zigzags define pins with hair having adjacent branches which are inclined to one another the other (of the order of 8 to 15 °), leaving a certain free space between them. This tilt is necessary to obtain a natural circulation of the bubbles of fluid vapor in the tubes.

Les installations de grande puissance nécessitent des surfaces d'échange thermique relativement grandes. Ceci conduit à multiplier les échangeurs de chaleur ou à prévoir un échangeur de chaleur de grandes dimensions dont la conception est gouvernée par l'écoulement transversal des solides.Large power installations require surfaces relatively large heat exchange. This leads to multiply the heat exchangers or to provide a large heat exchanger dimensions whose design is governed by the transverse flow of solid.

Le but de l'invention est de proposer un échangeur de chaleur à encombrement réduit, c'est à dire un échangeur de chaleur de dimensions analogues aux échangeurs du type à tubes en zigzag mais présentant une surface d'échange thermique plus importante.The object of the invention is to provide a heat exchanger with reduced space requirement, i.e. a heat exchanger of dimensions similar to exchangers of the zigzag tube type but having a larger heat exchange area.

A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur, qui comporte au moins un premier groupe de tubes s'étendant dans un plan vertical et formant un premier panneau de tubes pour raccorder un premier collecteur d'entrée d'un fluide disposé en partie basse latérale d'un caisson à un collecteur de sortie disposé en partie haute centrale d'un caisson, au moins un second groupe de tubes s'étendant dans ledit plan vertical et formant un second panneau de tubes pour raccorder un second collecteur d'entrée du fluide disposé en partie basse latérale du caisson au collecteur de sortie, le premier panneau de tubes et le second panneau de tubes comportant chacun des premiers tubes qui s'étendent sensiblement horizontalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres dans la partie basse du caisson, des seconds tubes qui sont raccordés par des bifurcations multiples aux premiers tubes et qui s'étendent sensiblement verticalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres entre la partie basse du caisson et la partie médiane du caisson, et des troisièmes tubes coudés qui sont raccordés par des bifurcations multiples aux seconds tubes et qui s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres entre la partie médiane du caisson et la partie haute du caisson où ils sont raccordés au collecteur de sortie, les troisièmes tubes du premier panneau de tubes et les troisièmes tubes du second panneau de tubes étant disposés de manière à former un canal d'écoulement des solides ayant une section transversale en forme de O, et lesdits premier et second panneaux de tubes étant rigidifiés dans leur partie basse par des ailettes continues disposées entre les tubes adjacents.To this end, the invention relates to a heat exchanger, which comprises at least a first group of tubes extending in a vertical plane and forming a first panel of tubes for connecting a first fluid inlet manifold arranged in the lower lateral part of a single-chamber outlet manifold arranged in the upper central part of a box, at least one second group of tubes extending in said vertical plane and forming a second panel of tubes for connecting a second inlet manifold for the disposed fluid in the lower side of the box to the outlet manifold, the first tube panel and the second tube panel each having first tubes which extend substantially horizontally and parallel the to each other in the lower part of the box, second tubes which are connected by multiple bifurcations to the first tubes and which extend substantially vertically and parallel to each other between the part bottom of the box and the middle part of the box, and of the third tubes bends which are connected by multiple bifurcations to the second tubes and which extend parallel to each other between the middle part of the box and the upper part of the box where they are connected to the outlet manifold, the third tubes of the first tube panel and the third tubes of the second panel of tubes being arranged so as to form a channel flow of solids having an O-shaped cross section, and said first and second tube panels being rigidified in their part low by continuous fins arranged between the adjacent tubes.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le premier et le second panneau de tubes comportent un nombre différent de tubes de telle sorte que ces deux panneaux se juxtaposent dans ledit plan vertical suivant une ligne verticale décalée par rapport à une médiane verticale du caisson.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the first and the second tube panel have a different number of tubes so that these two panels are juxtaposed in said vertical plane along a line vertical offset from a vertical center of the box.

Selon encore un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, l'échangeur comprend un premier ensemble de premiers et de seconds panneaux de tubes disposés en alternance dans des plans verticaux parallèles et raccordant le premier collecteur d'entrée au collecteur de sortie et un second ensemble de premiers et de seconds panneaux de tubes disposés en alternance dans des plans verticaux parallèles et raccordant le second collecteur d'entrée au collecteur de sortie, les panneaux de tubes du premier ensemble de panneaux de tubes étant en outre disposés en quinconce avec les panneaux de tubes du second ensemble de panneaux de tubes de telle sorte qu'un panneau de tubes du premier ensemble de panneaux de tubes ayant un petit nombre de tube est juxtaposé à un panneau de tubes du second ensemble de panneaux de tubes ayant un plus grand nombre de tubes, et il est prévu en outre un système d'accrochage pour solidariser dans leur partie basse les panneaux de tubes des deux ensembles de panneaux de tubes ayant un plus grand nombre de tubes.According to yet another particular embodiment of the invention, the exchanger comprises a first set of first and second tube panels arranged alternately in parallel vertical planes and connecting the first inlet manifold to the outlet manifold and a second set of first and second panels of tubes arranged alternately in parallel vertical planes and connecting the second inlet manifold at the outlet manifold, the tube panels of the first set of tube panels being further staggered with the panels tubes from the second set of tube panels so that a panel of tubes from the first set of tube panels having a small number of tube is juxtaposed to a panel of tubes of the second set of panels of tubes having a greater number of tubes, and there is further provided a system of attachment to secure in their lower part the tube panels of the two sets of tube panels having a greater number of tubes.

Un exemple de réalisation de l'invention est décrit ci-après plus en détail en relation avec les dessins.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is described below in more detail. in relation to the drawings.

La figure 1 montre schématiquement l'échangeur selon l'invention monté dans un lit fluidisé.Figure 1 shows schematically the exchanger according to the invention mounted in a fluidized bed.

La figure 2 est une vue très schématique en coupe selon ll-ll de l'échangeur de la figure 1 équipé de plusieurs panneaux de tubes.Figure 2 is a very schematic sectional view along ll-ll of the exchanger of Figure 1 equipped with several tube panels.

Figure 1, on a représenté très schématiquement en coupe transversale, une partie d'un lit fluidisé dense et plus précisément un caisson 1 constitué d'une tôle métallique renforcée de raidisseurs et d'une couche de béton interne, ce caisson définissant une chambre 2 dans laquelle se déversent et s'écoulent les solides après leur passage au-dessus d'un muret en aval d'une chambre de réception de ces solides.Figure 1, there is shown very schematically in cross section, part of a dense fluidized bed and more precisely a box 1 consisting of a metal sheet reinforced with stiffeners and an internal concrete layer, this box defining a chamber 2 into which the solids after passing over a low wall downstream of a reception of these solids.

La chambre 2 est normalement équipée d'une boíte inférieure d'alimentation en air de fluidisation (non représentée), de buses d'injection d'air de fluidisation (non représentées) qui sont disposées dans la paroi inférieure 2A de la chambre 2. Un échangeur de chaleur 3 selon l'invention est montré installé à l'intérieur de la chambre 2.Bedroom 2 is normally fitted with a lower box fluidizing air supply (not shown), air injection nozzles fluidization (not shown) which are arranged in the bottom wall 2A of chamber 2. A heat exchanger 3 according to the invention is shown installed inside room 2.

L'échangeur de chaleur 3 comprend un ensemble de tubes destinés à véhiculer un fluide caloporteur, par exemple de la vapeur, entre deux collecteurs d'entrée 4A,4B du fluide F disposés en partie basse latérale du caisson et un collecteur de sortie 5 du fluide chauffé disposé en partie haute centrale du caisson. C'est dans la chambre 2 qu'à lieu la fluidisation dense des solides permettant le réchauffement du fluide dans les tubes de l'échangeur de chaleur.The heat exchanger 3 comprises a set of tubes intended for convey a heat transfer fluid, for example steam, between two collectors fluid inlet 4A, 4B arranged in the lower lateral part of the box and a outlet manifold 5 of the heated fluid disposed in the central upper part of the caisson. It is in chamber 2 that the dense fluidization of solids takes place allowing the heating of the fluid in the tubes of the heat exchanger.

Les collecteurs d'entrée 4A et 4B sont constitués chacun d'un tube s'étendant horizontalement le long du côté latéral extérieur du caisson 1, respectivement à gauche pour le collecteur 4A et à droite pour le collecteur 4B sur la figure 1.The inlet collectors 4A and 4B each consist of a tube extending horizontally along the outer lateral side of the box 1, respectively on the left for the collector 4A and on the right for the collector 4B in figure 1.

Le collecteur de sortie 5 est constitué d'un tube s'étendant horizontalement au niveau de la partie haute centrale de la chambre 2 et plus précisément sous la paroi supérieure 2B de la chambre 2. Ce collecteur de sortie 5 est raccordé à une tubulure 6 qui traverse la paroi supérieure 2B par une fente 7. La tubulure 6 est enrobée de béton 8 garnissant la fente 7 de sorte que le collecteur de sortie 5 est suspendu à la paroi supérieure 2B de la chambre 2.The outlet manifold 5 consists of a tube extending horizontally at the upper central part of chamber 2 and more precisely under the upper wall 2B of the chamber 2. This outlet manifold 5 is connected to a tube 6 which passes through the upper wall 2B by a slot 7. The tubing 6 is coated with concrete 8 lining the slot 7 so that the outlet manifold 5 is suspended from the upper wall 2B of chamber 2.

L'échangeur de chaleur 3, proprement dit, comporte un premier groupe de tubes s'étendant dans un plan vertical et formant un premier panneau 3A de tubes qui raccordent le premier collecteur d'entrée 4A au collecteur de sortie 5 et un second groupe de tubes s'étendant dans le même plan vertical et formant un second panneau 3B de tubes qui raccordent le second collecteur d'entrée 4B au collecteur de sortie 5.The heat exchanger 3 itself has a first group of tubes extending in a vertical plane and forming a first panel 3A of tubes which connect the first inlet manifold 4A to the outlet manifold 5 and a second group of tubes extending in the same vertical plane and forming a second panel 3B of tubes which connect the second inlet manifold 4B to the outlet manifold 5.

Comme visible sur la figure 1, chaque panneau 3A ou 3B de tubes comportent des premiers tubes tels que 31 qui s'étendent sensiblement horizontalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres dans la partie basse du caisson. Ces tubes 31 traversent une paroi latérale du caisson par une fente garnie de béton, respectivement la paroi de gauche sur la figure 1 pour les tubes 31 du panneau 3A et la paroi de droite sur la figure 1 pour les tubes 31 du panneau 3B. As shown in Figure 1, each panel 3A or 3B of tubes have first tubes such as 31 which extend substantially horizontally and parallel to each other in the lower part of the caisson. These tubes 31 pass through a side wall of the box through a slot filled with concrete, respectively the left wall in figure 1 for the tubes 31 of panel 3A and the right wall in FIG. 1 for tubes 31 of panel 3B.

Chaque panneau de tubes 3A,3B comporte également des seconds tubes tels que 32 qui sont raccordés par des bifurcations multiples telles que 33 aux premiers tubes du panneau considéré et qui s'étendent sensiblement verticalement et parallèlement les uns aux autres entre la partie basse du caisson et la partie médiane du caisson.Each tube panel 3A, 3B also includes second tubes such as 32 which are connected by multiple bifurcations such as 33 to the first tubes of the panel considered and which extend substantially vertically and parallel to each other between the lower part of the box and the middle part of the box.

Chaque panneau de tubes 3A,3B comporte encore des troisièmes tubes coudés en forme de C tels que 34 qui sont raccordés par des bifurcations multiples telles que 35 aux seconds tubes du panneau considéré et qui s'étendent parallèlement les uns aux autres entre la partie médiane du caisson et la partie haute du caisson où ils sont raccordés au collecteur de sortie 5. Le cintrage des tubes 34 définit le profil du lit dense fluidisé et plus particulièrement les tubes 34 du premier panneau 3A et du second panneau 3B forment un canal d'écoulement des solides dont la section transversale est en forme de O ce qui facilite le transit de ces solides en flux transversal du fait que ceux-ci ne rencontrent presque pas d'obstacles.Each tube panel 3A, 3B also includes third tubes C-shaped bends such as 34 which are connected by bifurcations multiples such as 35 to the second tubes of the panel considered and which extend parallel to each other between the middle part of the box and the upper part of the box where they are connected to the outlet manifold 5. The bending of the tubes 34 defines the profile of the dense fluidized bed and more particularly the tubes 34 of the first panel 3A and of the second panel 3B form a channel flow of solids whose cross section is O-shaped which facilitates the transit of these solids in transverse flow because they do not encounter almost no obstacles.

On voit sur la figure 1 que les tubes 31 et 32 sont relativement proches les uns des autres et forment une surface d'échange thermique dans le bas du caisson qui est relativement continue dans le plan vertical tout en permettant une certaine mobilité des solides entre les tubes adjacents. Cette disposition permet donc d'obtenir une surface d'échange thermique assez importante pour un encombrement relativement réduit. Bien que l'échangeur comporte des tubes horizontaux comme les tubes 31, on obtient néanmoins une bonne circulation du fluide caloporteur dans l'échangeur grâce aux tubes verticaux 32 qui contribuent au bon fonctionnement de l'alimentation en circulation naturelle.We see in Figure 1 that the tubes 31 and 32 are relatively close from each other and form a heat exchange surface at the bottom of the box which is relatively continuous in the vertical plane while allowing a some mobility of solids between adjacent tubes. This provision allows therefore to obtain a fairly large heat exchange surface for a relatively small footprint. Although the exchanger has tubes horizontal like tubes 31, we nevertheless obtain good circulation of heat transfer fluid in the exchanger thanks to the vertical tubes 32 which contribute the proper functioning of the feed in natural circulation.

Chaque panneau de tubes est rigidifié dans sa partie basse au niveau des tubes 31 et dans le bas des tubes 32 à l'aide d'ailettes continues 36 disposées entre tubes adjacents, ces ailettes 36 étant représentées par des hachures sur la figure 1.Each tube panel is stiffened in its lower part at the level tubes 31 and at the bottom of the tubes 32 using continuous fins 36 arranged between adjacent tubes, these fins 36 being represented by hatching in Figure 1.

Dans le bas de l'échangeur 3, les tubes 31 du panneau 3A sont raccordés au collecteur d'entrée 4A par l'intermédiaire d'une tubulure 9A en forme de collecteur qui s'étend verticalement et les tubes 31 du panneau 3B sont raccordés au collecteur d'entrée 4B par l'intermédiaire d'une autre tubulure 9B en forme de collecteur qui s'étend verticalement.At the bottom of the exchanger 3, the tubes 31 of the panel 3A are connected to the inlet manifold 4A via a tube 9A in form of collector which extends vertically and the tubes 31 of the panel 3B are connected to the inlet manifold 4B via another pipe 9B in the form of a collector which extends vertically.

Par ailleurs, dans le haut de l'échangeur 3, les tubes 34 du panneau 3A sont raccordés au collecteur de sortie 5 par l'intermédiaire d'une autre tubulure 10A en forme de bouteille qui s'étend horizontalement et les tubes 34 du panneau 3B sont raccordés aussi au collecteur de sortie 5 par l'intermédiaire d'une autre tubulure 10B en forme de bouteille qui s'étend horizontalement.Furthermore, at the top of the exchanger 3, the tubes 34 of the panel 3A are connected to the outlet manifold 5 via other tubing 10A in the form of a bottle which extends horizontally and the tubes 34 of the panel 3B are also connected to the outlet manifold 5 via another tube 10B in the form of a bottle which extends horizontally.

La disposition des tubes de l'échangeur comme indiquée ci-dessus permet de concevoir une configuration d'échangeur avec plusieurs premiers et seconds panneaux de tubes de sorte à multiplier la surface d'échange thermique sans augmenter considérablement l'encombrement de l'échangeur.The arrangement of the heat exchanger tubes as indicated above allows to design an exchanger configuration with several firsts and second tube panels so as to increase the heat exchange surface without considerably increasing the size of the exchanger.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté des panneaux 3A et 3B qui comportent un nombre différent de tubes 31 (ou 32,34), dans l'exemple, 7 tubes 31 pour le panneau 3A et 5 tubes 31 pour le panneau 3B. Suivant cette réalisation, les deux panneaux 3A et 3B se juxtaposent dans le plan vertical suivant une ligne verticale en C décalée par rapport à une médiane verticale 11 du caisson. Une telle disposition facilite le montage de plusieurs panneaux 3A et 3B dans le caisson.In Figure 1, there are shown panels 3A and 3B which have a different number of tubes 31 (or 32.34), in the example, 7 tubes 31 for the panel 3A and 5 tubes 31 for panel 3B. Following this realization, the two panels 3A and 3B are juxtaposed in the vertical plane along a line vertical in C offset with respect to a vertical median 11 of the box. A such an arrangement facilitates the mounting of several panels 3A and 3B in the caisson.

La figure 2 montre très schématiquement suivant une coupe II-II du caisson sur la figure 1, une configuration d'un échangeur de chaleur selon l'invention comportant plusieurs panneaux 3A et 3B. On voit que plusieurs panneaux 3A et 3B sont intercalés dans la direction longitudinale du caisson.Figure 2 very schematically shows a section II-II of the box in FIG. 1, a configuration of a heat exchanger according to the invention comprising several panels 3A and 3B. We see that several panels 3A and 3B are interposed in the longitudinal direction of the box.

Plus particulièrement, cette configuration comprend un premier ensemble de panneaux de tubes 3A et 3B disposés, à gauche sur la figure 2, en alternance (c'est-à-dire alternativement un panneau 3A et un panneau 3B) dans des plans verticaux parallèles. Ce premier ensemble de panneaux de tubes 3A,3B raccorde le collecteur d'entrée 4A au collecteur de sortie 5. La configuration comprend un second ensemble de panneaux de tubes 3A et 3B disposés, à droite sur la figure 2, en alternance dans des plans verticaux parallèles. Ce second ensemble de panneaux de tubes 3A,3B raccorde le second collecteur d'entrée 4B au collecteur de sortie 5.More particularly, this configuration comprises a first set of tube panels 3A and 3B arranged, on the left in FIG. 2, in alternation (i.e. alternately a 3A panel and a 3B panel) in parallel vertical planes. This first set of tube panels 3A, 3B connects the inlet manifold 4A to the outlet manifold 5. The configuration includes a second set of 3A and 3B tube panels arranged, on the right in FIG. 2, alternately in vertical planes parallel. This second set of tube panels 3A, 3B connects the second inlet manifold 4B to outlet manifold 5.

Comme visible sur la figure 2, les panneaux 3A,3B du premier ensemble de panneaux sont disposés en quinconce avec les panneaux 3A,3B du second ensemble de panneaux de telle sorte qu'un panneau de tubes du premier ensemble ayant un petit nombre de tubes, c'est-à-dire un panneau 3B, est juxtaposé dans un même plan vertical à un panneau de tubes du second ensemble ayant un plus grand nombre de tubes, c'est-à-dire un panneau 3A. Les panneaux 3A et 3B des deux ensembles de panneaux de tubes sont ainsi imbriqués les uns dans les autres.As shown in Figure 2, the panels 3A, 3B of the first set panels are staggered with panels 3A, 3B of the second set of panels so that a tube panel from the first assembly having a small number of tubes, i.e. a 3B panel, is juxtaposed in the same vertical plane to a panel of tubes of the second assembly having a greater number of tubes, that is to say a panel 3A. The panels 3A and 3B of the two sets of tube panels are as well nested within each other.

Cette disposition en quinconce des panneaux 3A et 3B facilite leur montage dans le caisson. Par ailleurs un système d'accrochage est prévu pour solidariser dans leur partie basse les panneaux de tubes des deux ensembles de panneaux de tubes ayant un plus grand nombre de tubes, c'est-à-dire les panneaux 3A, de sorte à obtenir une rigidité de la structure de l'échangeur thermique dans le sens vertical tout en laissant la possibilité d'un déplacement des panneaux entre eux dans le sens horizontal. Ce système d'accrochage est représenté à titre d'exemple sur la figure 2 par deux tiges 12 qui traversent des ailettes 36 disposées en partie basse de ces panneaux. Ces deux tiges 12 sont représentées aussi sur la figure 1.This staggered arrangement of panels 3A and 3B facilitates their mounting in the box. In addition, a hanging system is provided for secure in their lower part the tube panels of the two sets of tube panels with a greater number of tubes, i.e. panels 3A, so as to obtain a rigidity of the structure of the exchanger thermal in the vertical direction while leaving the possibility of displacement panels between them in the horizontal direction. This attachment system is shown as an example in Figure 2 by two rods 12 which pass through fins 36 arranged in the lower part of these panels. These two rods 12 are also shown in Figure 1.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté à titre d'exemple non limitatif une structure d'échangeur thermique selon l'invention dans laquelle 3 panneaux 3A ou 3B d'un ensemble de panneaux tel que défini plus haut sont raccordés à une tubulure 9 soudée à un collecteur d'entrée, respectivement 4A ou 4B, cette tubulure 9 rendant solidaires ces panneaux 3A ou 3B dans leur partie basse.In Figure 2, there is shown by way of non-limiting example a heat exchanger structure according to the invention in which 3 panels 3A or 3B of a set of panels as defined above are connected to a tubing 9 welded to an inlet manifold, respectively 4A or 4B, this tubing 9 making these panels 3A or 3B integral in their lower part.

La figure 2 montre par ailleurs une configuration d'échangeur thermique selon l'invention comportant plusieurs tubulures telles que 9 et donc plusieurs triplés de panneaux 3A ou 3B d'un ensemble disposés dans des plans verticaux adjacents. De la sorte, on comprend qu'il est facile d'augmenter la surface d'échange thermique en multipliant le nombre de tubulures 9 et donc de panneaux de tubes.Figure 2 also shows a heat exchanger configuration according to the invention comprising several pipes such as 9 and therefore several triplets of panels 3A or 3B of a set arranged in vertical planes adjacent. In this way, we understand that it is easy to increase the surface heat exchange by multiplying the number of pipes 9 and therefore tube panels.

Pour rigidifier les panneaux raccordés à une même tubulure telle que 9 dans leur partie haute, on prévoit une bride supplémentaire telle que 13 (montrée sur la figure 1) au niveau des tubes 34.To stiffen the panels connected to the same tubing such as 9 in their upper part, an additional flange is provided such as 13 (shown in FIG. 1) at the level of the tubes 34.

Les tubulures telles que 10A et 10B étant aussi soudées au collecteur de sortie 5, l'échangeur conforme à l'invention est auto porteur.Tubing such as 10A and 10B also being welded to the manifold outlet 5, the exchanger according to the invention is self-supporting.

Claims (3)

  1. A heat exchanger for a dense fluidized bed, which heat exchanger comprises at least one first group of tubes extending in a vertical plane and forming a first sheet of tubes (3A) for connecting a first inlet fluid manifold (4A) disposed at the bottom and on one side of a case (1) to an outlet manifold (5) disposed in a central top portion of the case, and at least one second group of tubes extending in said vertical plane and forming a second sheet of tubes (3B) for connecting a second inlet fluid manifold (4B) disposed at the bottom and on one side of the case to the outlet manifold (5), each of the first and second sheets of tubes (3A, 3B) comprising first tubes (31) which extend substantially horizontally and parallel to one another in the bottom portion of the case, second tubes (32) which are connected via multiple bifurcations (33) to the first tubes (31) and which extend substantially vertically and parallel to one another between the bottom portion of the case and the middle portion of the case, and bent third tubes (34) which are connected via multiple bifurcations (35) to the second tubes (32) and which extend parallel to one another between the middle portion of the case and the top portion of the case where they are connected to the outlet manifold (5), the third tubes (34) of the first sheet of tubes (3A) and the third tubes of the second sheet of tubes (3B) being disposed to form a channel along which the solids can flow, which channel has an O-shaped cross-section, and said first and second sheets of tubes (3A, 3B) being stiffened at their bottoms by continuous fins (36) disposed between the adjacent tubes.
  2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1, in which the first and second sheets of tubes (3A, 3B) have different numbers of tubes (31, 32, 34) so that the two sheets of tubes are juxtaposed in said vertical plane along a vertical line that is offset relative to a vertical midline (11) of the case.
  3. A heat exchanger according to claim 2, comprising a first set of first and second sheets of tubes (3A, 3B) disposed in alternation in parallel vertical planes and connecting the first inlet manifold (4A) to the outlet manifold (5), and a second set of first and second sheets of tubes (3A, 3B) disposed in alternation in parallel vertical planes and connecting the second inlet manifold (4B) to the outlet manifold (5), the sheets of tubes in the first set of sheets of tubes further being disposed in staggered manner with the sheets of tubes in the second set of sheets of tubes so that a sheet of tubes having a small number of tubes in the first set of sheets of tubes is juxtaposed in the same vertical plane with a sheet of tubes having a larger number of tubes in the second set of sheets of tubes, and in which heat exchanger a fastening system (12) is provided for securing together the bottom portions of the sheets of tubes having the larger number of tubes in the two sets of sheets of tubes.
EP98400667A 1997-03-24 1998-03-23 Space saving heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0867680B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9703540 1997-03-24
FR9703540A FR2761147B1 (en) 1997-03-24 1997-03-24 REDUCED HEAT EXCHANGER

Publications (2)

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EP0867680A1 EP0867680A1 (en) 1998-09-30
EP0867680B1 true EP0867680B1 (en) 2002-10-16

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EP98400667A Expired - Lifetime EP0867680B1 (en) 1997-03-24 1998-03-23 Space saving heat exchanger

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US (1) US5855241A (en)
EP (1) EP0867680B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10318690A (en)
CN (1) CN1112564C (en)
AT (1) ATE226309T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2230891A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69808686T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0867680T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2186103T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2761147B1 (en)
PT (1) PT867680E (en)
ZA (1) ZA982402B (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2767380B1 (en) * 1997-08-18 1999-09-24 Gec Alsthom Stein Ind HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE FOR A FLUIDIZED BED CIRCULATING BOILER
US7503382B2 (en) * 2002-09-10 2009-03-17 Gac Corporation Heat exchanger
JP2012533042A (en) * 2009-07-09 2012-12-20 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ Heat exchanger
CN101922874B (en) * 2010-06-22 2012-07-18 四川金象赛瑞化工股份有限公司 Combined-type heat exchanger and fluidized bed reactor

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1884778A (en) * 1928-05-16 1932-10-25 Babcock & Wilcox Co Steam reheater
US2852545A (en) * 1954-02-15 1958-09-16 Frank J Jenny Method and apparatus for synthesizing hydrocarbons
US3530835A (en) * 1968-06-28 1970-09-29 Peter Von Wiesenthal Modularized furnace enclosure
US4167157A (en) * 1978-04-13 1979-09-11 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Fluid-bed air-supply system
NL8002172A (en) * 1980-04-15 1981-11-16 Shell Int Research REACTOR FOR EXOTHERMAL REACTIONS.
CH652190A5 (en) * 1981-04-23 1985-10-31 Sulzer Ag STEAM GENERATOR WITH FLUIDIZED BURN FIRING.
FR2559248B1 (en) * 1984-02-03 1986-07-04 Creusot Loire TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
SE467984B (en) * 1990-05-08 1992-10-12 Abb Carbon Ab PFBC FACILITIES INCLUDING A BEDROOM CHAMBER DESIGNED AS A LONG-TERM PRISM WITH SEX SIDE WALLS
US5253703A (en) * 1992-09-01 1993-10-19 Abb Lummus Crest Inc. Waste heat exchanger
DE4324586C1 (en) * 1993-07-22 1994-11-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Device for cooling a film-forming gas
FR2721379B1 (en) * 1994-06-20 1996-07-26 Gec Alsthom Stein Ind Fixing arrangement on a hearth wall of a through pipe intended to open into a box.

Also Published As

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CA2230891A1 (en) 1998-09-24
JPH10318690A (en) 1998-12-04
ATE226309T1 (en) 2002-11-15
EP0867680A1 (en) 1998-09-30
CN1112564C (en) 2003-06-25
ZA982402B (en) 1999-01-06
DE69808686T2 (en) 2003-06-12
DK0867680T3 (en) 2003-01-27
FR2761147B1 (en) 1999-05-14
US5855241A (en) 1999-01-05
DE69808686D1 (en) 2002-11-21
CN1196474A (en) 1998-10-21
ES2186103T3 (en) 2003-05-01
FR2761147A1 (en) 1998-09-25
PT867680E (en) 2003-02-28

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