EP0863264B1 - Excavator with a telescopic arm - Google Patents

Excavator with a telescopic arm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0863264B1
EP0863264B1 EP98400155A EP98400155A EP0863264B1 EP 0863264 B1 EP0863264 B1 EP 0863264B1 EP 98400155 A EP98400155 A EP 98400155A EP 98400155 A EP98400155 A EP 98400155A EP 0863264 B1 EP0863264 B1 EP 0863264B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support
console
arm
backhoe loader
loader according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98400155A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0863264A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel-Claude Braud
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Manitou BF SA
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Manitou BF SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0863264A1 publication Critical patent/EP0863264A1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/283—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a single arm pivoted directly on the chassis
    • E02F3/286—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a single arm pivoted directly on the chassis telescopic or slidable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/963—Arrangements on backhoes for alternate use of different tools
    • E02F3/964—Arrangements on backhoes for alternate use of different tools of several tools mounted on one machine
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/16—Cabins, platforms, or the like, for drivers

Definitions

  • a first object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by creating a new simple and economical manufacturing backhoe including a cabin reduced in size, accessible and removable from each side from the driving before
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a side elevation view of a backhoe according to the invention, controlled from the front console.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a top view similar to the Figure 2 of a backhoe according to the invention, in which the cabin and the arm telescopic have been omitted to highlight the relative arrangement of main mechanical components of the backhoe.
  • the chassis-beam 1 is a chassis comprising two longitudinal members 1a, 1b substantially parallel and spaced from each other at a spacing greater than the width of a telescopic arm 5 articulated on a support 4 comprising two plates parallel 4a, 4b of spacing less than that of the side members 1a, 1b.
  • the longitudinal members 1a, 1b comprising very thick metal plates are braced at the front by a front plate 1c cut to accommodate in the low position the telescopic arm 5 carrying a tool 6 such as a bucket 6a ( Figure 1) or forks 6b ( Figure 5) and by two plates 2c, 2d of bearing support 2e, 2f of oscillation of the front axle 2.
  • the plate 4b of the support 4 is advantageously constituted by a extension of the beam 1a, while the plate 4a of the support 4 is welded simultaneously with a force recovery plate 19 and a plate 19a upper bracing of the side members 1a and 1b.
  • This plate 19a also carries the supports of the hinge pin of the lifting cylinder of the telescopic arm 5.
  • the chassis 1 therefore comprises a front part and a rear part of substantially equal lengths: the support 4 of the telescopic arm is located the end of the front part, while the spar 1a is curved outwards and towards the rear of the rear part, so as to support jointly with the spar 1b a rear structure comprising an apron 8 on which the shovel is mounted rear 9.
  • Cab 11 contains a console 12 before driving, a swivel seat 13 and a rear console 14 for operating the rear shovel 9, mounted substantially along the longitudinal axis 7 of the backhoe.
  • the interior of the cabin 11 is accessible from both sides by means of steps 1h left and right located in front of the rear wheels left 3a and right 3b, respectively.
  • the upper part of the front console 12 is substantially wide equal to or less than that of the support 4 of the loader arm 5, and this support 4 extends in height so as to be at a level lower than that of the upper edge of said front console 12.
  • the rear console 14 is arranged behind and above the rear axle 3 in a position corresponding to direct visibility over the most close to the back shovel (Figure 5);
  • a cardan shaft 16a mounted at one end on the flywheel of the 16 transversely oriented diesel engine is coupled at the other end to a gearbox angle 16b.
  • the gearbox 20 is housed substantially in the center of the machine between the two longitudinal members 2a and 2b, in the front part of the chassis 1 and substantially under the support 4 of the telescopic arm 5. It drives the front 2 and rear 3 decks by through corresponding cardan shafts.
  • This particular housing arrangement of the gearbox 20 practically in the center of the machine, under the support 4 of the arm 5, provides a better mass centering and allows the chassis width to be limited to a value close to that of the gearbox 20, and at the strictly necessary space of the housing of the telescopic arm 5 in the low position between the side members 1a and 1b.
  • the special arrangement of the motor 16 and the gearbox 20 allows thus to design a machine with a short and narrow frame, which is very favorable for forward visibility and further improves handling.
  • the transmission from the engine to the gearbox can be carried out without using a cardan shaft, via a connection elongated connecting the motor shaft to the bevel gear with possible use of a splined shaft slidably engaged in a fluted drive sleeve.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne les véhicules automoteurs équipés à l'avant d'un bras télescopique portant un godet de chargement et à l'arrière une pelle excavatrice, généralement connus sous le nom de tracto-pelles ou de chargeuses pelleteuses.The invention relates to self-propelled vehicles equipped at the front of an arm telescopic carrying a loading bucket and at the rear an excavator, generally known as backhoe loaders or backhoe loaders.

Le brevet français 2.696.199 au nom de MANITOU BF décrit un tracto-pelle à bras télescopique central, dans lequel le poste de commande avant du bras télescopique et de conduite ainsi que le poste de commande arrière de la pelle excavatrice sont situés à l'intérieur d'une cabine présentant une conformation en L Lorsque l'opérateur est placé au poste de commande avant, il est assis sur son siège placé latéralement entre la roue avant et la roue arrière d'un côté du tracto-pelle, de sorte que le bras télescopique constitue un obstacle à la visibilité latérale de l'opérateur du côté opposé à la cabine par rapport au bras télescopique.French patent 2,696,199 in the name of MANITOU BF describes a backhoe loader with central telescopic arm, in which the front control post of the arm telescopic and driving as well as the rear control post of the excavator excavator are located inside a cabin with an L-shaped conformation When the operator is placed at the front control station, he is seated in his seat placed laterally between the front wheel and the rear wheel on one side of the backhoe, so that the telescopic arm is an obstacle to the lateral visibility of the operator on the side opposite the cab relative to the telescopic arm.

En outre, du fait de la conformation en L de la cabine, la sortie de la cabine à partir du poste de commande avant ne peut se faire que du côté opposé au bras télescopique et la sortie de la cabine à partir du poste de commande arrière ne peut se faire qu'après avoir déplacé le siège en position arrière et avoir fait tourner celui-ci d'un quart de tour supplémentaire.In addition, due to the L-shaped conformation of the cabin, the exit of the cabin at from the front control station can only be on the side opposite the arm telescopic and the exit from the cabin from the rear control station cannot be do that after moving the seat to the rear position and rotating it an additional quarter turn.

Par conséquent, ce tracto-pelle connu présente, d'une part, l'inconvénient d'une mauvaise visibilité latérale et vers l'avant en position chargeuse, le bras télescopique venant gêner la vue du conducteur sur le côté opposé à celui de la cabine, et d'autre part, est coûteuse à fabriquer en raison d'un coût élevé de fabrication de la cabine.Consequently, this known backhoe has, on the one hand, the disadvantage poor lateral and forward visibility in the loader position, the arm telescopic obstructing the driver's view on the side opposite that of the cabin, and on the other hand, is expensive to manufacture due to the high cost of cabin manufacturing.

Un premier but de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients en créant un nouveau tracto-pelle de fabrication simple et économique comprenant une cabine de dimensions réduites, accessible et évacuable de chaque côté à partir du poste de conduite avantA first object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by creating a new simple and economical manufacturing backhoe including a cabin reduced in size, accessible and removable from each side from the driving before

Un deuxième but de l'invention est d'assurer au conducteur une visibilité maximale sur ses outils aussi bien vers l'avant que vers l'arrière et sur les côtés. Cette nécessité d'une visibilité optimale est importante tant pour la précision du travail que pour la sécurité du déplacement. A second object of the invention is to provide the driver with visibility maximum on its tools both forwards and backwards and on the sides. This need for optimal visibility is important both for the accuracy of the work only for the safety of movement.

Un troisième but de l'invention est de permettre un passage facile et rapide d'un poste de commande à l'autre pour procurer un fonctionnement sûr et ergonomique.A third object of the invention is to allow easy and rapid passage from one control station to another to provide safe and ergonomic.

L'invention a pour objet un tracto-pelle automoteur à bras chargeur télescopique unique et à pelle excavatrice, du type comportant un châssis rigide porté par deux ponts avant et arrière munis de roues; une cabine de pilotage contenant une console de conduite avant et une console de manoeuvre arrière implantées selon l'axe longitudinal médian de la machine; dans lequel le support d'articulation du bras chargeur unique est disposé en avant de la cabine sensiblement vers le milieu de la distance entre l'essieu avant et l'essieu arrière caractérisé en ce que le châssis est un châssis-poutre comportant deux longerons espacés l'un de l'autre et définissant en avant du support un espace de logement du bras unique en position basse, et en ce que le moteur est disposé transversalement dans un compartiment fixé extérieurement à un longeron du châssis entre une roue avant et une roue arrière.The subject of the invention is a self-propelled backhoe loader with loader arms single telescopic and excavator, of the type comprising a rigid chassis carried by two front and rear decks with wheels; a cockpit containing a front driving console and a rear operating console located along the axis median longitudinal of the machine; wherein the arm articulation support single loader is located in front of the cab, approximately towards the middle of the distance between the front axle and the rear axle characterized in that the chassis is a beam chassis comprising two spars spaced from each other and defining in front of the supports a space for housing the single arm in the low position, and in that the motor is arranged transversely in a compartment fixed externally to a spar of the chassis between a front wheel and a rear wheel.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques préférées de l'invention :

  • le moteur orienté transversalement est relié à un renvoi d'angle à deux sorties entraínant par une sortie au moins une pompe hydraulique et par son autre sortie une boíte de vitesses logée sensiblement au centre de la machine, sensiblement sous le support du bras télescopique et entre les deux longerons du châssis,
  • le compartiment contenant le moteur orienté transversalement contient en outre un radiateur refroidi par un ventilateur,
  • un siège pivotant est disposé entre la console avant et la console arrière,
  • le support d'articulation du bras chargeur disposé en avant de la cabine comporte deux plaques parallèles dont l'écartement est moindre que celui des longerons,
  • le support du bras comporte deux plaques dont l'une est disposée dans le même plan vertical que l'un des longerons en direction de l'axe longitudinal médian de la machine et ladite deuxième plaque est reliée audit second longeron par une plaque de reprise d'effort disposée vers l'extérieur,
  • le châssis porte latéralement entre les roues avant et arrière d'un côté le moteur et de l'autre les réservoirs des fluides embarqués,
  • l'axe d'articulation du bras chargeur sur le support est disposé en hauteur au-dessous du bord supérieur de la console de conduite avant,
  • le châssis porte latéralement entre les roues avant et arrière d'un côté le moteur et de l'autre les réservoirs des fluides embarqués, et au moins un longeron est, vers l'arrière, courbé vers l'extérieur, de manière à supporter conjointement avec l'autre longeron une structure arrière comportant un tablier de pelle arrière excavatrice,
  • l'axe d'articulation du bras sur le support est disposé en hauteur au-dessous du bord supérieur de la console de conduite avant et la partie supérieure de la console avant est d'une largeur sensiblement égale ou inférieure à celle du support du bras chargeur.
According to other preferred characteristics of the invention:
  • the transversely oriented motor is connected to a bevel gear with two outputs driving by one output at least one hydraulic pump and by its other output a gearbox housed substantially in the center of the machine, substantially under the support of the telescopic arm and between the two chassis beams,
  • the compartment containing the transversely oriented motor also contains a fan-cooled radiator,
  • a swivel seat is arranged between the front console and the rear console,
  • the articulation support of the loader arm arranged in front of the cabin comprises two parallel plates whose spacing is less than that of the side members,
  • the arm support comprises two plates, one of which is arranged in the same vertical plane as one of the side members in the direction of the median longitudinal axis of the machine and said second plate is connected to said second member by a recovery plate d '' outwardly arranged effort,
  • the chassis carries laterally between the front and rear wheels on one side the engine and on the other the on-board fluid tanks,
  • the axis of articulation of the loader arm on the support is arranged in height below the upper edge of the front driving console,
  • the chassis carries laterally between the front and rear wheels on one side the engine and on the other the tanks of on-board fluids, and at least one spar is, towards the rear, curved towards the outside, so as to jointly support with the other spar a rear structure comprising an excavator rear shovel apron,
  • the axis of articulation of the arm on the support is arranged in height below the upper edge of the front driving console and the upper part of the front console is of a width substantially equal to or less than that of the support of the arm charger.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suivre donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels:The invention will be better understood thanks to the description which will follow given to by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the appended drawings in which:

La figure 1 représente schématiquement une vue en élévation latérale d'un tracto-pelle selon l'invention, commandé à partir de la console avant.Figure 1 schematically shows a side elevation view of a backhoe according to the invention, controlled from the front console.

La figure 2 représente schématiquement une vue de dessus selon la flèche II de la figure 1 d'un tracto-pelle selon l'invention.Figure 2 shows schematically a top view according to arrow II of Figure 1 of a backhoe according to the invention.

La figure 3 représente schématiquement une vue de dessus analogue à la figure 2 d'un tracto-pelle selon l'invention, dans laquelle la cabine et le bras télescopique ont été omis pour mettre en évidence la disposition relative des principaux organes mécaniques du tracto-pelle.FIG. 3 schematically represents a top view similar to the Figure 2 of a backhoe according to the invention, in which the cabin and the arm telescopic have been omitted to highlight the relative arrangement of main mechanical components of the backhoe.

La figure 4 représente schématiquement une vue en élévation avant selon la flèche IV des figures 1 et 2 d'un tracto-pelle selon l'invention.FIG. 4 schematically represents a front elevation view according to the arrow IV of Figures 1 and 2 of a backhoe according to the invention.

La figure 5 représente schématiquement une vue en élévation latérale d'un tracto-pelle selon l'invention, commandé à partir de la console arrière.FIG. 5 schematically represents a side elevation view of a backhoe loader according to the invention, controlled from the rear console.

En référence aux figures 1 à 4, un tracto-pelle selon l'invention comporte un châssis-poutre 1 porté par un pont avant 2 et un pont arrière 3. Le pont avant 2 est un pont oscillant à différentiel autobloquant à glissement limité, moteur et directeur pour l'entraínement et l'orientation de deux roues avant motrices et directrices 2a, 2b. L'oscillation du pont avant est limitée par deux butées d'oscillation constituées par des excroissances du châssis 1.Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a backhoe according to the invention comprises a chassis-beam 1 carried by a front axle 2 and a rear axle 3. The front axle 2 is a self-locking differential swing axle with limited slip, motor and steering for driving and orienting two front driving and steering wheels 2a, 2b. The oscillation of the front axle is limited by two oscillation stops made up by chassis protrusions 1.

Le pont arrière 3 est un pont non oscillant à différentiel autobloquant à glissement limité, moteur et directeur pour l'entraínement et l'orientation de deux roues arrière motrices et directrices 3a, 3b.The rear axle 3 is a non-oscillating axle with self-locking differential at limited slip, motor and director for the training and orientation of two rear-wheel drive and steering 3a, 3b.

Le pont arrière 3 est fixé au châssis 1, pourvu à cet effet de deux platines de support droite et gauche aptes à recevoir chacune quatre tirants reliés à une plaque de fixation.The rear axle 3 is fixed to the chassis 1, provided for this purpose with two plates of right and left support able to each receive four tie rods connected to a plate fixation.

Le châssis-poutre 1 est un châssis comportant deux longerons 1a, 1b sensiblement parallèles et espacés l'un de l'autre selon un espacement supérieur à la largeur d'un bras télescopique 5 articulé sur un support 4 comprenant deux plaques parallèles 4a, 4b d'écartement inférieur à celui des longerons 1a, 1b.The chassis-beam 1 is a chassis comprising two longitudinal members 1a, 1b substantially parallel and spaced from each other at a spacing greater than the width of a telescopic arm 5 articulated on a support 4 comprising two plates parallel 4a, 4b of spacing less than that of the side members 1a, 1b.

Les longerons 1a, 1b comportant des plaques en métal de forte épaisseur sont entretoisés à l'avant par une plaque frontale 1c découpée pour loger en position basse le bras télescopique 5 portant un outil 6 tel qu'un godet 6a (figure 1) ou des fourches 6b (figure 5) et par deux platines 2c, 2d de support de paliers 2e, 2f d'oscillation du pont avant 2.The longitudinal members 1a, 1b comprising very thick metal plates are braced at the front by a front plate 1c cut to accommodate in the low position the telescopic arm 5 carrying a tool 6 such as a bucket 6a (Figure 1) or forks 6b (Figure 5) and by two plates 2c, 2d of bearing support 2e, 2f of oscillation of the front axle 2.

Une conformation de logement et de réception du bras télescopique 5, orientée selon l'axe longitudinal médian 7 du tracto-pelle, relie également les deux longerons 1a, 1b en avant du support 4.A housing and receiving configuration of the telescopic arm 5, oriented along the median longitudinal axis 7 of the backhoe, also connects the two side members 1a, 1b in front of the support 4.

La plaque 4b du support 4 est avantageusement constituée par un prolongement du longeron 1a, tandis que la plaque 4a du support 4 est soudée simultanément à une plaque 19 de reprise d'effort et à une plaque 19a d'entretoisement supérieur des longerons 1a et 1b. Cette plaque 19a porte également les supports de l'axe d'articulation du vérin de levage du bras télescopique 5.The plate 4b of the support 4 is advantageously constituted by a extension of the beam 1a, while the plate 4a of the support 4 is welded simultaneously with a force recovery plate 19 and a plate 19a upper bracing of the side members 1a and 1b. This plate 19a also carries the supports of the hinge pin of the lifting cylinder of the telescopic arm 5.

Le châssis 1 comporte par conséquent une partie avant et une partie arrière de longueurs sensiblement égales : le support 4 du bras télescopique se trouve à l'extrémité de la partie avant, tandis que le longeron 1a est courbé vers l'extérieur et vers l'arrière de la partie arrière, de manière à supporter conjointement avec le longeron 1b une structure arrière comportant un tablier 8 sur lequel est monté la pelle arrière 9. The chassis 1 therefore comprises a front part and a rear part of substantially equal lengths: the support 4 of the telescopic arm is located the end of the front part, while the spar 1a is curved outwards and towards the rear of the rear part, so as to support jointly with the spar 1b a rear structure comprising an apron 8 on which the shovel is mounted rear 9.

Cette structure arrière transversale porte également deux stabilisateurs escamotables 10 de part et d'autre du tablier 8.This rear transverse structure also carries two stabilizers retractable 10 on either side of the deck 8.

Un poste de pilotage est monté sur le châssis 1, sur quatre supports amortisseurs disposés aux emplacements 1d à 1g, à l'extérieur des longerons 1a, 1b.A cockpit is mounted on chassis 1, on four supports shock absorbers arranged in locations 1d to 1g, outside the side members 1a, 1b.

Le poste de pilotage est constitué sous forme d'un ensemble comportant une cabine 11 contenant tous les équipements de commande du tracto-pelle.The cockpit is made up of a set comprising a cabin 11 containing all of the backhoe control equipment.

La cabine 11 contient une console 12 avant de conduite, un siège pivotant 13 et une console arrière 14 de manoeuvre de la pelle arrière 9, montés sensiblement selon l'axe longitudinal 7 du tracto-pelle.Cab 11 contains a console 12 before driving, a swivel seat 13 and a rear console 14 for operating the rear shovel 9, mounted substantially along the longitudinal axis 7 of the backhoe.

L'intérieur de la cabine 11 est accessible des deux côtés par l'intermédiaire de marchepieds 1h gauche et droit situés en avant des roues arrière gauche 3a et droite 3b, respectivement.The interior of the cabin 11 is accessible from both sides by means of steps 1h left and right located in front of the rear wheels left 3a and right 3b, respectively.

La cabine 11 contient également, sensiblement sur l'axe de la roue arrière droite 3b et en arrière de l'issue de sortie correspondante, une console 21 latérale de commande du bras télescopique 5 et d'opération de l'outil 6 (6a, 6b) correspondant porté par le bras télescopique.The cabin 11 also contains, substantially on the axis of the rear wheel right 3b and behind the corresponding exit, a side console 21 of control of the telescopic arm 5 and operation of the corresponding tool 6 (6a, 6b) carried by the telescopic arm.

La console avant 12 regroupe les divers moyens de commande nécessaires à la conduite du tracto-pelle : cette console avant comporte notamment la colonne de direction, le volant, les manettes et leviers utilisés pour la conduite et de la machine, les différents cadrans et voyants indicateurs, le pédalier.The front console 12 groups together the various control means necessary for driving the backhoe: this front console includes the column of steering, steering wheel, joysticks and levers used for driving and machine, the various dials and indicator lights, the pedals.

La console avant 12 est d'une largeur au plus égale à celle du support 4 et l'axe d'articulation 15 du bras 5 sur le support 4 est disposé en hauteur au-dessous du bord supérieur de la console 12.The front console 12 is of a width at most equal to that of the support 4 and the axis of articulation 15 of the arm 5 on the support 4 is arranged in height below the top edge of console 12.

La console arrière 14 porte les leviers de manoeuvre de la pelle 9, ainsi que de préférence également la commande des stabilisateurs 10, la commande du déplacement latéral de la pelle 9 et éventuellement une commande manuelle du régime moteur.The rear console 14 carries the operating levers of the shovel 9, as well as preferably also the control of the stabilizers 10, the control of the lateral movement of the shovel 9 and possibly manual control of the engine speed.

L'écartement entre la console 12 et la console arrière 14 est prévu pour que la rotation du siège 13 amène naturellement le conducteur dans sa position de travail dans les deux postes. The spacing between the console 12 and the rear console 14 is provided so that the rotation of seat 13 naturally brings the driver into his working position in both posts.

La partie supérieure de la console avant 12 est d'une largeur sensiblement égale ou inférieure à celle du support 4 du bras chargeur 5, et ce support 4 s'étend en hauteur de manière à se trouver à un niveau inférieur à celui du bord supérieur de ladite console avant 12.The upper part of the front console 12 is substantially wide equal to or less than that of the support 4 of the loader arm 5, and this support 4 extends in height so as to be at a level lower than that of the upper edge of said front console 12.

La console arrière 14 est disposée en arrière et au-dessus de l'essieu arrière 3 dans une position correspondant à une visibilité directe sur la zone de travail la plus proche de la pelle arrière (figure 5);The rear console 14 is arranged behind and above the rear axle 3 in a position corresponding to direct visibility over the most close to the back shovel (Figure 5);

Grâce aux dispositions de l'invention, notamment grâce au fait que la console avant 12 est d'une largeur au plus égale à celle du support 4 et que l'axe d'articulation 15 du bras 5 sur le support 4 est disposé en hauteur au-dessous du bord supérieur de la console 12, la visibilité sous tous les angles est optimale, notamment sur l'outil avant 6 porté par le bras télescopique 5, ainsi que représenté sur les figures dans lesquelles on a représenté par des lignes pointillées A, B, C les lignes de vision du conducteur assis dans la cabine.Thanks to the provisions of the invention, in particular thanks to the fact that the console front 12 is of a width at most equal to that of the support 4 and that the axis articulation 15 of the arm 5 on the support 4 is arranged in height below the edge console 12, visibility from all angles is optimal, especially on the front tool 6 carried by the telescopic arm 5, as shown in the figures in which dotted lines A, B, C have represented the lines of vision of the driver seated in the cab.

Pour une fabrication économique et pour une mise en place facile et rapide de la cabine, on prévoit de préférence des moyens de commande électriques, électrohydrauliques ou mécaniques aptes à être accouplés ou désaccouplés rapidement des liaisons aux organes de distribution de puissance ou d'actionnement.For economical manufacturing and for quick and easy installation of the cabin, electrical, electro-hydraulic control means are preferably provided or mechanical devices capable of being quickly coupled or uncoupled from connections to power distribution or actuation devices.

Sur la figure 3, un compartiment D contenant un moteur diesel 16, orienté transversalement et un radiateur 17, dont le ventilateur 17a est entraíné par une courroie passant sur deux poulies dont l'une est entraínée par le volant d'inertie du moteur, est accroché et fixé extérieurement par vissage au longeron la dans l'espace libre entre la roue avant 2b et la roue arrière 3b. Les réservoirs 18 pour les divers fluides embarqués (carburant pour le moteur, fluides hydrauliques, éventuellement huile pour une transmission) sont fixés de manière analogue à des supports du longeron 1b, dans l'espace libre entre la roue avant 2a et la roue arrière 3a.In FIG. 3, a compartment D containing a diesel engine 16, oriented transversely and a radiator 17, whose fan 17a is driven by a belt passing over two pulleys, one of which is driven by the flywheel of the motor, is hung and fixed externally by screwing to the beam la in space free between the front wheel 2b and the rear wheel 3b. 18 tanks for various on-board fluids (fuel for the engine, hydraulic fluids, possibly oil for a transmission) are similarly fixed to supports of the spar 1b, in the free space between the front wheel 2a and the rear wheel 3a.

Un arbre à cardans 16a monté à une extrémité sur le volant d'inertie du moteur diesel 16 orienté transversalement est accouplé à l'autre extrémité à un renvoi d'angle 16b.A cardan shaft 16a mounted at one end on the flywheel of the 16 transversely oriented diesel engine is coupled at the other end to a gearbox angle 16b.

Ce renvoi d'angle 16b, de préférence à arbre traversant, entraíne par une sortie des pompes hydrauliques 16c et par son autre sortie une boíte de vitesses 20. This angle gear 16b, preferably with a through shaft, results in a outlet of the hydraulic pumps 16c and through its other outlet a gearbox 20.

Les pompes hydrauliques 16c fournissent l'énergie hydraulique aux actionneurs (vérins ou moteurs hydrauliques) du tracto-pelle par l'intermédiaire de distributeurs commandés à partir des consoles de commande 12, 14 et 21. L'utilisation et l'implantation de ces actionneurs et distributeurs (non représentés, par souci de clarté) relève des connaissances de l'homme du métier et ne nécessite pas de description plus détaillée.16c hydraulic pumps provide hydraulic power to actuators (cylinders or hydraulic motors) of the backhoe through distributors controlled from the control consoles 12, 14 and 21. The use and location of these actuators and distributors (not shown, for for clarity) is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art and does not require more detailed description.

La boíte de vitesses 20 est logée sensiblement au centre de la machine entre les deux longerons 2a et 2b, dans la partie avant du châssis 1 et sensiblement sous le support 4 du bras télescopique 5. Elle entraíne les ponts avant 2 et arrière 3 par l'intermédiaire d'arbres à cardans correspondants.The gearbox 20 is housed substantially in the center of the machine between the two longitudinal members 2a and 2b, in the front part of the chassis 1 and substantially under the support 4 of the telescopic arm 5. It drives the front 2 and rear 3 decks by through corresponding cardan shafts.

Cette disposition particulière de logement de la boíte de vitesses 20 pratiquement au centre de la machine, sous le support 4 du bras 5, procure un meilleur centrage des masses et permet de limiter la largeur du châssis à une valeur voisine de celle de la boíte de vitesses 20, et à l'espace strictement nécessaire du logement du bras télescopique 5 en position basse entre les longerons 1a et 1b.This particular housing arrangement of the gearbox 20 practically in the center of the machine, under the support 4 of the arm 5, provides a better mass centering and allows the chassis width to be limited to a value close to that of the gearbox 20, and at the strictly necessary space of the housing of the telescopic arm 5 in the low position between the side members 1a and 1b.

La limitation de la largeur du châssis 1, correspondant à l'espacement des longerons 1a, 1b entre le pont avant 2 et le pont arrière 3, a une influence favorable sur le rayon de braquage et donc sur la maniabilité de la machine.The limitation of the width of the chassis 1, corresponding to the spacing of the longitudinal members 1a, 1b between the front axle 2 and the rear axle 3, has a favorable influence on the turning radius and therefore on the maneuverability of the machine.

La disposition particulière du moteur 16 et de la boíte de vitesses 20 permet ainsi de concevoir une machine avec un châssis court et étroit, ce qui est très favorable à la visibilité vers l'avant et renforce encore la maniabilité.The special arrangement of the motor 16 and the gearbox 20 allows thus to design a machine with a short and narrow frame, which is very favorable for forward visibility and further improves handling.

La conception modulaire d'assemblage d'un ensemble formant cabine, d'un groupe motopropulseur dans lequel la position transversale du moteur procure une accessibilité optimale pour les interventions de maintenance sans démontage, d'un ensemble de réservoirs 18 sur le châssis 1 permet une fabrication économique et une maintenance aisée, ainsi qu'une utilisation ergonomique du tracto-pelle selon l'invention.The modular design of assembling a cabin assembly, a powertrain in which the transverse position of the engine provides optimal accessibility for maintenance interventions without disassembly, a set of tanks 18 on the chassis 1 allows economical manufacturing and easy maintenance, as well as ergonomic use of the backhoe according to the invention.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits; elle couvre au contraire toute modification de forme et toute variante de réalisation dans le cadre des revendications suivantes : ainsi, la transmission du moteur à la boíte de vitesses peut s'effectuer sans utiliser d'arbre à cardans, par l'intermédiaire d'une connexion allongée reliant l'arbre du moteur au renvoi d'angle avec utilisation éventuelle d'un arbre cannelé engagé à coulissement dans un manchon canelé d'entraínement.The invention is not limited to the embodiments described; it covers at on the contrary, any modification of form and any variant embodiment within the framework of the following claims: thus, the transmission from the engine to the gearbox can be carried out without using a cardan shaft, via a connection elongated connecting the motor shaft to the bevel gear with possible use of a splined shaft slidably engaged in a fluted drive sleeve.

Claims (10)

  1. An automotive backhoe loader having a single telescopic loading arm (5) and a rear excavating shovel, of the type including a rigid body (1) borne by two axles, a front axle (2) and a rear axle (3), equipped with wheels (2a, 2b, 3a, 3b); a driver's cab (11) containing a front driving console (12) and a rear manoeuvring console (14) installed along the centre longitudinal axis of the vehicle; in which the articulation support (4) of the single loading arm (5) is arranged in front of the cab (11), substantially towards the middle of the distance between the front axle (2) and the rear axle (3), characterised in that the body (1) is a frame-type body including two longitudinal girders (1a, 1b) which are spaced from one another and define in front of the support (4) a housing space for the single arm (5) in the low position, and in that the engine (16) is arranged transversely in a compartment (D) fixed outside a longitudinal girder (1a) of the body (1) between a front wheel (2b) and a rear wheel (3b).
  2. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1, characterised in that the transversely oriented engine (16) is connected to an angle transmission (16b) having two outputs and driving by means of one output at least one hydraulic pump (16c) and by means of its other output a gearbox (20) housed substantially in the centre of the vehicle, substantially below the support (4) of the telescopic arm (5) and between the two longitudinal girders (2a, 2b) of the body (1).
  3. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1, characterised in that the compartment (D) containing the transversely oriented engine (16) furthermore contains a radiator (17) cooled by a fan (17a).
  4. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1, characterised in that a pivotal seat (13) is arranged between the front console (12) and the rear console (14).
  5. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support (4) includes two parallel plates (4a, 4b) whereof the spacing is less than that of the longitudinal girders (1a, 1b).
  6. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support (4) of the arm (5) includes two plates whereof one is arranged in the same vertical plane as one of the longitudinal girders in the direction of the centre longitudinal axis (7) of the vehicle, and in that the said second plate is connected to the said second longitudinal girder by a plate (19) for taking up force, which is arranged towards the outside.
  7. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the body (1) carries laterally between the front wheels (2a, 2b) and the rear wheels (3a, 3b) on one side the engine (16) and on the other the tanks (18) of fluid on board.
  8. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the front console (12) has a width at most equal to that of the support (4), and in that the axis (15) for articulating the arm (5) on the support (4) is arranged at a level below the upper edge of the front driving console (12).
  9. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the body (1) carries laterally between the front wheels (2a, 2b) and the rear wheels (3a, 3b) on one side the engine (16) and on the other the tanks (18) of fluid on board, and in that at least one longitudinal girder (1a) is curved rearwards and outwards such as to support together with the other longitudinal girder (1 b) a rear structure including a carrier (8) for a rear shovel (9).
  10. A backhoe loader according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the axis (15) for articulating the arm (5) on the support (4) is arranged at a level below the upper edge of the front driving console (12), and in that the upper part of the front console (12) has a width substantially equal to or smaller than that of the support (4) of the loading arm (5).
EP98400155A 1997-01-28 1998-01-27 Excavator with a telescopic arm Expired - Lifetime EP0863264B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR1997/000161 WO1998032928A1 (en) 1997-01-28 1997-01-28 Improvements to tractor shovels
WOPCT/FR97/00161 1997-01-28

Publications (2)

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EP0863264A1 EP0863264A1 (en) 1998-09-09
EP0863264B1 true EP0863264B1 (en) 2003-05-07

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EP98400155A Expired - Lifetime EP0863264B1 (en) 1997-01-28 1998-01-27 Excavator with a telescopic arm

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US (1) US6071066A (en)
EP (1) EP0863264B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69814217T2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998032928A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998032928A1 (en) 1998-07-30
EP0863264A1 (en) 1998-09-09
DE69814217T2 (en) 2004-04-08
DE69814217D1 (en) 2003-06-12
US6071066A (en) 2000-06-06

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