EP0861940B1 - Multiaxialer Papiermacherpressfilz mit Verbindungsnaht - Google Patents

Multiaxialer Papiermacherpressfilz mit Verbindungsnaht Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0861940B1
EP0861940B1 EP19980102828 EP98102828A EP0861940B1 EP 0861940 B1 EP0861940 B1 EP 0861940B1 EP 19980102828 EP19980102828 EP 19980102828 EP 98102828 A EP98102828 A EP 98102828A EP 0861940 B1 EP0861940 B1 EP 0861940B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
fabric
fabric according
strips
width
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19980102828
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0861940A1 (de
Inventor
Eugene Z. Fekete
Edwin R. Perry
Robert P. Burke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AstenJohnson Inc
Original Assignee
AstenJohnson Inc Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/885,750 external-priority patent/US5785818A/en
Application filed by AstenJohnson Inc Canada filed Critical AstenJohnson Inc Canada
Publication of EP0861940A1 publication Critical patent/EP0861940A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0861940B1 publication Critical patent/EP0861940B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0036—Multi-layer screen-cloths
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0054—Seams thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F7/08—Felts
    • D21F7/083—Multi-layer felts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
    • Y10T428/192—Sheets or webs coplanar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/348—Mechanically needled or hydroentangled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/3528—Three or more fabric layers
    • Y10T442/3537—One of which is a nonwoven fabric layer

Definitions

  • This invention relates to press felts, which are used in the press section of a paper making machine.
  • the paper web which may contain up to about 85% water, is passed between pairs of opposed rolls so that a large proportion of this water is literally squeezed out of the wet paper web.
  • the wet paper web is supported by at least one, or conveyed between two opposed fabrics known as press felts.
  • press felts are generally constructed with a fabric base structure, which has layers of batt needled to at least one, and generally to both, of its surfaces.
  • Several fabric constructions are used for the base fabric structure, including both single layer and double layer woven fabrics, and the fabrics can be woven either flat as a continuous run, or endless as a closed loop.
  • Endless felts require that the press section be opened up to allow their installation. Seamed felts are open ended for installation and the ends are subsequently joined by seaming, for example with a pin seam, on the press section. In either case, in order to be able to install the finished fabric into a press section, it is often advantageous to make provision for a seam that can be closed during installation in the press section.
  • the seam is the most difficult part of the press fabric to make. For although it is relatively straight forward to create a press felt which will provide the required properties of adequate strength, adequate drainage, and lack of fabric marking, whether or not it can be used depends upon also being able to provide a seam in the fabric which has an adequate life in service, provides the required strength, provides the required drainage, and most importantly does not cause marking of the paper.
  • seams in press felts are a pin seam, in which monofilament yarns from each of the two ends of the fabric which are to be joined are woven back into the fabric ends to provide a set of small loops. The two fabric ends are joined by interdigitating the two sets of loops, and inserting a pintle across the width of the fabric.
  • This form of seam is most often used in press felts based on double layer woven fabrics. Examples of such seams are shown in EP 0 294 951, US 4,842,925 and US 4,601,785.
  • a "flap" of batt which may be reinforced with a portion of the fabric base, that will overlay a conventional pin seam, preferably on the paper side of the fabric. Examples of this are described in CA 1,303,833 and EP 0 294 951 mentioned above.
  • a short flap of batt is provided which is attached to one of the ends to be joined and which is intended to cover the joint after the pin seam has been assembled.
  • US 4,601,785 it is recommended to attach the batt flap by gluing or needling.
  • US 4,842,925 it is recommended to use brittle or soluble yarns adjacent the seam.
  • DE-A-3637179 discloses a basic according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a press felt in which a laminate fabric is used as the base fabric, only the first layer of which is joined end-to-end by a pin seam.
  • the second layer is cut to provide a batt carrying flap over the pin seam.
  • the second layer is also canted with respect to the first layer, so that the cut seam is at an angle with respect particularly to the fabric wefts, thus inhibiting the loss of these yarns due to the fabric unravelling.
  • the second fabric is also made in relatively narrow strips, thus further diminishing the possibilities of unravelling.
  • this invention seeks to provide a multilayer papermaker's press felt fabric comprising in combination:
  • the fabric further includes a third layer on the machine side of the first layer wherein:
  • the press felt shown generally at 1 is composed of essentially three layers, to which a fourth can be added, and which includes a seam as shown generally at 2.
  • the supporting base fabric comprises a first machine side fabric 3 which includes the seam 2. Overlaying the paper side of this first layer 3 is a second layer 4; these layers are held together by the applied batt 5 which penetrates through the second layer 4 to some extent into the first layer 3. If desired, a further layer of batt can be applied to the machine side of the first layer 2 as shown ghosted at 6.
  • the first layer which as shown is a relatively simple double layer weave, that includes wefts 7 in the cross machine direction, and warps 8 and 11 in the machine direction.
  • the pin seam is formed by weaving back lengths of the warps 8 and 11 respectively to provide the loops 9 and 12 respectively.
  • the seam is held together by the pintle 10 inserted into the loops 9 and 11. This form of seam construction is well known.
  • the upper second fabric on the paper side of the first is a relatively thinner fabric and as shown comprises a simple weave with wefts 13 and warps 14. The manner of construction of this fabric layer is described below.
  • both the second fabric 4, and the batt 5 are cut at the line 16 (the batt 6 if used is also cut at the line 17) to provide a flap 15.
  • the press felt moves in the direction A, so that the flap 15 is downstream from the line of the seam pintle 10.
  • Fig. 2 is shown a part sectioned view of the paper side layer face of the fabric in Fig. 1.
  • the paper side face proper is the layer of batt 5.
  • the batt layer 5 overlays the second fabric 4, which is located on the paper side of the first layer 3.
  • the first layer 3 is woven to be the full width of the press felt, whilst the second layer is woven as a much narrower strip, so that the two distances X and Y both of which are more or less in the cross machine direction are different, with Y being larger than X.
  • the narrower second layer is also applied over the first with a lateral edge 4A at a cant angle ⁇ to the machine direction indicated at 4B, which is also substantially parallel to the edge of the press felt.
  • the second layer is applied using essentially the techniques described by Best et al. in US 5,268,076 and by Rexfelt et al. in US 5,360,656.
  • the fabric of Fig. 2 is assembled as follows.
  • the first layer of fabric is woven to a suitable double layer design based on the conditions obtaining in the press section in which the press felt is to be used. It can be woven flat, or woven as a continuous run, which latter is preferred.
  • a suitable length of this fabric is then taken and the pin seam 2 created in it to provide a continuous seamed loop 3 of the required length.
  • the second layer 4 is then wound onto the first with a lateral edge 4A at the desired cant angle ⁇ to the machine direction 4B, using essentially the techniques. described by Best et al. in US 5,268,076 and by Rexfelt et al. in US 5,360,656.
  • the paper side batt layer 5 is then applied either using conventional techniques, or to obtain a desired batt orientation using the method described by Kr ma et al., in a paper titled "Perpendicular Laid Bulky Nonwovens", 7th World Conference of The Textile Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, September 1994.
  • the batt 5 and the second fabric layer 4 are both cut at 16 on the correct downstream side of the line of the pintle so that the seam can be separated to allow installation into the press section, and to provide the flap 15.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative fabric is shown in Fig. 3. This fabric is similar to that shown in Figs 1 and 2, and is constructed by the same techniques.
  • the fabric as shown has a paper side batt layer 5, and beneath it a second layer 4 which is wound onto a first layer 3.
  • a third layer 20 of the same general type as the second layer 4 is also provided on the machine side of the first layer 3.
  • the widths X 1 and X 2 of the strips used in the first and third layers 4 and 20 need not be the same. However these two widths desirably should be chosen to avoid a circumstance where a line of edge contact in the second layer is aligned with and directly above a line of edge contact in the third layer, because any gap in the edge contact in either layer could cause marking of the paper.
  • the second layer 4 is wound at a first cant angle ⁇ 1 , between the lateral edge 4A and the machine direction indicated at 4B, and the third layer 20 is wound at a cant angle ⁇ 2 between the lateral edge 20A and the machine direction indicated at 20B.
  • the first and second cant angles need not be the same, and need not be in the same sense relative to the machine direction.
  • the importance of the combination of using a relatively narrow strip for the second layer, or for the second and third layers, which has a lateral edge at a cant angle ⁇ to the machine direction is that when the second fabric is cut to open the seam at any given point there is only a short length of second, and, when used, third, fabric yarn which can unravel when the press fabric is in use.
  • the amount which can unravel is limited by the width X of the narrow strip of the layer, and the value of the cant angle ⁇ .
  • the relative widths of the first layer and the strips used for the second and third layers is at least in part determined by the width of the press section.
  • the strips have to be of adequate width to be woven, and should be significantly narrower than the first layer, since if they are made too wide the amount of yarn that can unravel increases. It appears that a ratio of at least 2:1 is desirable. However for a wide press section it is not possible to maintain such a low ratio, and ratios up to at least about 20:1 appear to be useable. It is also possible to use different width strips when both a second and a third layer are used.
  • the choice of fabric weave used for each of the layers is open to considerable flexibility, and will mainly be determined by the proposed conditions of use.
  • the first layer should be a double layer fabric, mainly to facilitate construction of the pin seam.
  • the second, and where used, third, layer is generally a single layer fabric, and is preferably a different weave in terms of yarns count/cm than the first layer. It can be either a finer weave or a coarser weave, and in some applications a second, or third, layer that is a double layer fabric might be used.
  • the second and third layer fabrics also need not be the same. Furthermore, these fabrics need not be woven ones, and a knitted fabric strip can be used in certain applications.

Landscapes

  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Mehrlagiges Papiermaschinen-Pressfilztextilerzeugnis, welches in Kombination Folgendes umfasst:
    eine gewebte erste Textilerzeugnislage (3), welche darin einen Stecksaum (2) quer zur Maschinenrichtung enthält;
    eine zweite Textilerzeugnislage (4) an der papierseitigen Fläche der ersten Textilerzeugnislage,
    eine auf die papierseitige Fläche der zweiten Lage aufgebrachte Lage (5) Nadelfaserflor, welche in die erste Textilerzeugnislage eindringt, wodurch die erste und zweite Lage miteinander gebunden werden, und
    eine eine kurze Länge der zweiten Textilerzeugnislage umfassende Zunge (15), wobei der angebrachte Nadelflor über dem Stecksaum in er ersten Lage liegt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    a) die zweite Lage mehrere relativ schmale Streifen umfasst und
    b) die Streifen der zweiten Lage mit einer Seitenkante (4A) bei einem ersten Schrägwinkel (,1) zur Maschinenrichtung (48) angeordnet sind und
    c) der erste Schrägwinkel einen Wert von über 1° bis weniger als 20° aufweist.
  2. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, welches weiterhin eine dritte Lage an der Maschinenseite der ersten Lage umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    (a) die dritte Lage (20) mehrere relativ schmale Streifen umfasst und
    b) die Streifen der dritten Lage mit einer Seitenkante (20A) bei einem zweiten Schrägwinkel (2) zur Maschinenrichtung (20B) angeordnet sind und
    c) der zweite Schrägwinkel einen Wert von über 1° bis weniger als 20° aufweist.
  3. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Schrägwinkel einen Wert von mehr als 1° bis weniger als 10° aufweist.
  4. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Schrägwinkel für die zweite Textilerzeugnislage einen Wert von mehr als 1° bis weniger als 10° aufweist.
  5. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Schrägwinkel für die dritte Textilerzeugnislage einen Wert von mehr als 1° bis weniger als 10° aufweist.
  6. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schrägwinkel der zweiten und dritten Textilerzeugnislagen gleich sind.
  7. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schrägwinkel der zweiten und dritten Textilerzeugnislagen nicht gleich sind.
  8. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schrägwinkel der zweiten und dritten Textilerzeugnislagen relativ zur Maschinenrichtung in gleicher Richtung sind.
  9. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schrägwinkel der zweiten und dritten Textilerzeugnislagen relativ zur Maschinenrichtung nicht in gleicher Richtung sind.
  10. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der zweiten Lage mindestens 2:1 beträgt.
  11. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der zweiten Lage mindestens 2:1 beträgt.
  12. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der dritten Lage mindestens 2:1 beträgt.
  13. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breiten der Streifen der zweiten und dritten Lagen gleich sind.
  14. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Breiten der Streifen der zweiten und dritten Lagen nicht gleich sind.
  15. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Faserflor in einer gewünschten Richtung ausgerichtet ist.
  16. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Textilerzeugnislage einen gewebten oder gestrickten Aufbau aufweist.
  17. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Faserflor in einer gewünschten Richtung ausgerichtet ist.
  18. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Textilerzeugnislage einen gewebten oder gestrickten Aufbau aufweist.
  19. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Textilerzeugnislage einen gewebten oder gestrickten Aufbau aufweist.
  20. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Lage als doppellagiges Textilerzeugnis gewebt ist.
  21. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Lage als doppellagiges Textilerzeugnis gewebt ist.
  22. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der zweiten Lage mindestens von 2:1 bis zu 20:1 reicht.
  23. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der zweiten Lage mindestens von 2:1 bis zu 20:1 reicht.
  24. Textilerzeugnis nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Breite der ersten Lage zur Breite der Streifen der dritten Lage mindestens von 2:1 bis zu 20:1 reicht.
EP19980102828 1997-02-27 1998-02-18 Multiaxialer Papiermacherpressfilz mit Verbindungsnaht Expired - Lifetime EP0861940B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US80520297A 1997-02-27 1997-02-27
US805202 1997-02-27
US08/885,750 US5785818A (en) 1997-02-27 1997-06-30 Multiaxial pin seamed papermaker's press felt
US885750 1997-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0861940A1 EP0861940A1 (de) 1998-09-02
EP0861940B1 true EP0861940B1 (de) 2002-06-05

Family

ID=27122760

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19980102828 Expired - Lifetime EP0861940B1 (de) 1997-02-27 1998-02-18 Multiaxialer Papiermacherpressfilz mit Verbindungsnaht

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) USRE39709E1 (de)
EP (1) EP0861940B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3145717B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1087799C (de)
AT (1) ATE218643T1 (de)
AU (1) AU712428B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9807791A (de)
CA (1) CA2230289C (de)
DE (1) DE69805681T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2175542T3 (de)
ID (1) ID22696A (de)
TW (1) TW407173B (de)
WO (1) WO1998038379A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6240608B1 (en) * 1999-04-12 2001-06-05 Albany International Corp. Method for joining nonwoven mesh products
US6350336B1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2002-02-26 Albany International Corp. Method of manufacturing a press fabric by spirally attaching a top laminate layer with a heat-activated adhesive
US6331341B1 (en) * 1999-07-09 2001-12-18 Albany International Corp. Multiaxial press fabric having shaped yarns
FI110135B (fi) 2000-12-18 2002-11-29 Tamfelt Oyj Abp Menetelmä puristinhuovan valmistamiseksi ja puristinhuopa
US7407564B2 (en) * 2002-11-15 2008-08-05 Albany International Corp. Stratified press fabric
US7032625B2 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-04-25 Albany International Corp. Multi-layer papermaking fabrics having a single or double layer weave over the seam
KR100886468B1 (ko) * 2004-09-30 2009-03-04 아스텐존슨 인코포레이티드 제지기용의 이중 층 성형직물
US7473336B2 (en) * 2005-04-28 2009-01-06 Albany International Corp. Multiaxial fabrics
US7207355B2 (en) * 2005-05-06 2007-04-24 Astenjohnson, Inc. Multi-axial seamed papermaking fabric and method
GB2428693A (en) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 Brent Swaine Woven papermaking fabric with seam
DE102011005673A1 (de) * 2011-03-17 2012-09-20 Voith Patent Gmbh Laminiertes Endlosband
JP6497678B2 (ja) 2015-07-21 2019-04-10 イチカワ株式会社 抄紙用フェルト及びその製造方法
JP6521447B2 (ja) 2015-07-28 2019-05-29 イチカワ株式会社 抄紙用フェルト
EP3235949B1 (de) 2016-04-21 2018-05-23 Ichikawa Co., Ltd. Papiermaschinenfilz

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3086276A (en) * 1961-09-15 1963-04-23 Lockport Felt Company Inc Papermaker's felt
US3657068A (en) * 1970-01-07 1972-04-18 Orr Felt Co The Papermaking felt
US4186780A (en) * 1978-12-15 1980-02-05 Albany International Corp. Seam construction for multi-layer felts
US4271222A (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-06-02 Albany International Corp. Papermakers felt and method of manufacture
US4418726A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-12-06 Albany International Corp. Double loop seam for corrugator belts
SE429982C (sv) * 1982-11-02 1985-11-18 Nordiskafilt Ab Filt med oglesom for presspartiet i en pappersmaskin samt forfarande for dess framstellning
JPS6262994A (ja) * 1985-09-13 1987-03-19 市川毛織株式会社 抄紙用フエルトの製造方法
FI72767B (fi) * 1985-11-01 1987-03-31 Tamfelt Oy Ab Foerfarande foer tillverkning av en pressfilt och en pressfilt.
FR2611764B1 (fr) * 1987-03-02 1989-05-05 Cofpa Procede de fabrication d'un feutre avec bavette
US5268076A (en) * 1990-06-13 1993-12-07 Thomas Josef Heimbach Gmbh & Co. Spiral wound papermaking-machine felt
SE468602B (sv) * 1990-12-17 1993-02-15 Albany Int Corp Pressfilt samt saett att framstaella densamma
US5110672A (en) * 1991-06-19 1992-05-05 Huyck Corporation Papermakers' press felt with base fabric that does not require seaming

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Publication number Publication date
CA2230289C (en) 2003-09-16
ES2175542T3 (es) 2002-11-16
DE69805681D1 (de) 2002-07-11
BR9807791A (pt) 2000-02-15
AU6085598A (en) 1998-09-18
ATE218643T1 (de) 2002-06-15
DE69805681T2 (de) 2002-11-21
JP2000509772A (ja) 2000-08-02
AU712428B2 (en) 1999-11-04
CN1248305A (zh) 2000-03-22
CN1087799C (zh) 2002-07-17
JP3145717B2 (ja) 2001-03-12
USRE39709E1 (en) 2007-07-03
TW407173B (en) 2000-10-01
ID22696A (id) 1999-12-09
CA2230289A1 (en) 1998-08-27
EP0861940A1 (de) 1998-09-02
WO1998038379A1 (en) 1998-09-03

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