EP0859371A1 - Radiation shielding viewing window - Google Patents

Radiation shielding viewing window Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0859371A1
EP0859371A1 EP98400305A EP98400305A EP0859371A1 EP 0859371 A1 EP0859371 A1 EP 0859371A1 EP 98400305 A EP98400305 A EP 98400305A EP 98400305 A EP98400305 A EP 98400305A EP 0859371 A1 EP0859371 A1 EP 0859371A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
optical unit
glass
sheets
porthole
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98400305A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0859371B1 (en
Inventor
Joel Rain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
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Application filed by Saint Gobain Vitrage SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vitrage SA
Publication of EP0859371A1 publication Critical patent/EP0859371A1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms
    • G21F7/02—Observation devices permitting vision but shielding the observer
    • G21F7/03—Windows, e.g. shielded

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective window or window, in particular against radiation from cells or enclosures in installations nuclear.
  • portholes must have good absorption of high energy radiation such as radiation X, ⁇ and / or good absorption of neutron radiation.
  • these portholes are in particular made up of a set of glass sheets of sufficient thickness and enriched either with elements heavy to absorb for example X and ⁇ radiation, either boron or hydrogenated products to absorb radiation in particular neutronics.
  • This set of glass sheets is placed in a frame and the porthole thus formed will be positioned in the opening of a wall, the latter also being charged with radiation absorbing particles.
  • Such embodiments provide for cutting the sheets. glass with very precise dimensions to minimize the clearance provided between said glass sheets and the frame.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a window providing protection against high energy and / or neutron radiation, the realization is simple and requires less time than necessary for the technique presented before.
  • a window consisting of at least minus an optical unit, providing protection against radiation high energy and / or neutron and a frame surrounding the block optical, the space between the optical unit and the frame being filled by a flowable and hardenable material.
  • Such a porthole has many advantages during its construction and especially the pourable material fills during its casting, the space or the clearance provided between the optical unit and the frame without requiring operations consisting in compacting said material.
  • Another advantage linked to such a material is to be able to produce a complete optical unit before inserting it into the window frame and then to pour the flowable and curable material. Unlike the previously mentioned technique, it is not planned to have to finish the realization of the optical unit within the window.
  • the flowable material is loaded with particles heavy and / or anti-neutrons.
  • a material may be a resin, but the resistance to organic matter radiation is not satisfactory for some applications.
  • the flowable material and curable is a concrete, advantageously chosen identical to that constituting the walls of the enclosure within which the porthole is intended to be installed in such a way as to protect against very strong radiation homogeneous compared to the rest of the walls of the enclosure.
  • the concrete chosen is advantageously loaded with iron ores to give it a density around 4.5 and / or contains boron or hydrogenated products neutrophages and / or attenuator of ⁇ radiation.
  • the concrete used comprises a quantity of water stoichiometric. In this way, there does not remain an excess of water which could affect the quality of the optical unit and in particular the bonding of glass sheets.
  • a sheet or a film of waterproof material envelops the optical unit and thus prevents any risk contact between the optical unit and the flowable material. This avoids by example any risk of contact of the optical unit with the water contained in concrete.
  • the optical unit has a truncated-pyramidal shape, that is to say having the shape of a pyramid, the lower and upper faces being parallel.
  • a shape allows in particular to promote the flow of the flowable material and curable around the optical unit.
  • each sheet of glass is provided with inclined edges so that the assembly of these sheets forms a truncated-pyramidal optical unit.
  • each glass sheet is provided with edges inclined with the same slope.
  • the slopes of the inclined edges are slightly different for each glass sheet, said block comprising at least two sheets of glass.
  • the window frame is made of sheet metal and therefore little expensive, especially with regard to the usual techniques which require a cast iron material.
  • the frame present on the whole from its periphery a setback. This step allows on the one hand during installation, place the porthole resting on a recess of complementary shape provided in the wall in which it is installed. On the other hand, this recess of the frame is filled on its internal face by the flowable material. According to another embodiment, blocks of cast iron can also fill this gap inside the frame, in particular to limit the amount of flowable material required.
  • the window frame is only used for molding the flowable material and then is eliminated.
  • the invention also provides a method of manufacturing such portholes.
  • this method consists in placing the optical unit previously realized on its large surface, in the frame, the optical axis of the block being oriented vertically, then pouring the pourable material and curable between the optical unit and the frame.
  • the material comes to fill the space or the clearance provided between the optical unit and the frame. No manual intervention is then necessary to come compact the material at the base, it flows naturally.
  • this step is simplified or at least made faster due to the narrowing of the space to be filled down due to the truncated pyramid shape of the optical unit.
  • the porthole according to the invention and the method of manufacturing such a porthole proposed by the invention therefore allow on the one hand to simplify the manufacturing and reducing its costs and on the other hand lead to a window providing perfect protection against high radiation energy and / or neutronics.
  • the porthole 1 shown comprises an optical unit consisting of five sheets of glass 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Each of these sheets of glass has a composition which gives it protection for ⁇ -type high energy radiation and / or for radiation neutronics. These glass sheets have thicknesses included between 100 and 300 mm and are assembled to form the optical unit.
  • the porthole further comprises a sheet metal frame 7. This frame 7 has on the whole of its periphery, and therefore on the whole of the periphery of the window 1, a recess 8. This recess 8 makes it possible to come embed and position the window 1 in the opening of a wall provided for this effect and comprising a recess of a shape complementary to that the recess of the window 7 frame 1. The combination of these two on the one hand, it provides good precision for the installation of the porthole 1 and on the other hand total protection for high energy and / or neutron radiation.
  • the first step is to produce the optical unit and more precisely by bonding the glass sheets 2, 3 and 4.
  • These collages are made by any method known to those skilled in the art job.
  • This type of peripheral mounting is carried out by a waterproof seal 9, in the same way as for glazing marketed under the name CLIMALIT.
  • Tubes 10 may also be provided at the periphery of the seals sealing 9. These tubes 10 then ventilate the air knives between the glass sheets 4 and 5 and between the glass sheets 5 and 6, in particular to eliminate any risk of fogging which would harm the light transmission.
  • the optical unit consisting of the five sheets of glass 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is thus constituted: it has a form of truncated pyramid, each of the glass sheets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 having bevelled sides.
  • the sheets of glass and more particularly the faces of the glass sheets which are not not glued over their entire surface may include an anti-reflective treatment.
  • the pipes 10 are provided in such a way so that they are embedded in concrete with holes 15 projecting from the concrete 14.
  • each glass sheet has bevelled edges including the slopes of the bevels are different from one sheet of glass to another.
  • Such a realization allows, in the case in particular of a plastic sheet or a resin enveloping the optical unit, that a ray parallel to the slope of the bevel of the glass sheet 6 is absorbed by the concrete 14 or by one of the other sheets of glass, the junction area between the optical unit and the concrete 14 not being linear, over the entire length of the optical unit.
  • the window 1 thus proposed according to the invention thus offers protection effective for high energy and / or neutron radiation.
  • the realization of this porthole is faster and therefore less expensive than the usual methods.
  • the use of a material pourable and hardenable such as concrete is very fast and full perfectly the space provided between the frame 7 and the optical unit. Otherwise, this technique still has an advantage; dimensional accuracy of the edges of the glazing is not as rigorous as according to the techniques usual since concrete 14 will fill the entire empty space during its pouring, then during the shrinking phenomenon. It is thus possible to keep the edges of the glass sheets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 rough molding, that is to say without any finishing step, in particular with a view to eliminating any roughness. Indeed, even if these exist, the concrete 14 comes cover the entire edges of the glass sheets. It therefore appears that this feature of the invention further reduces the cost of manufacture of the porthole.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

A window which allows visual observation while protecting the observer against neutrons and high energy radiation such as X-rays and gamma rays comprises an assembly of transparent, radiation absorbing sheets (2-6) sealed into a frame (7) by a mass of pourable and settable material (14) such as concrete. Also claimed is assembling the window by locating sheets (2-6) in frame (7) with their optical axis vertical and pouring material (14) to fill the space between the sheets and frame.

Description

L'invention concerne un hublot ou fenêtre de protection, notamment contre les rayonnements de cellules ou d'enceintes dans des installations nucléaires. De tels hublots doivent notamment présenter une bonne absorption des rayonnements à haute énergie tels que les rayonnements X, γ et/ou une bonne absorption des rayonnements neutroniques.The invention relates to a protective window or window, in particular against radiation from cells or enclosures in installations nuclear. In particular, such portholes must have good absorption of high energy radiation such as radiation X, γ and / or good absorption of neutron radiation.

A cet effet, ces hublots sont notamment constitués d'un ensemble de feuilles de verre d'une épaisseur suffisante et enrichies soit en éléments lourds pour absorber par exemple les rayonnements X et γ, soit en bore ou produits hydrogénés pour absorber notamment les rayonnements neutroniques. Cet ensemble de feuilles de verre est placé dans un cadre et le hublot ainsi constitué sera positionné dans l'ouverture d'un mur, celui-ci étant également chargé de particules absorbant les rayonnements.To this end, these portholes are in particular made up of a set of glass sheets of sufficient thickness and enriched either with elements heavy to absorb for example X and γ radiation, either boron or hydrogenated products to absorb radiation in particular neutronics. This set of glass sheets is placed in a frame and the porthole thus formed will be positioned in the opening of a wall, the latter also being charged with radiation absorbing particles.

De tels hublots ont donc pour fonction de permettre la vision au sein d'une enceinte tout en ayant un effet d'écran pour les rayonnements provenant de l'enceinte, comme le reste des parois.The function of such portholes is therefore to allow vision within of an enclosure while having a screen effect for radiation coming from the enclosure, like the rest of the walls.

La réalisation de ces hublots consiste dans un premier temps à effectuer un empilement des feuilles de verre par collage entre elles ou séparées par une lame d'air entre deux feuilles de verre. L'ensemble des feuilles de verre habituellement réalisé combine ces deux types de montage. L'ensemble doit ensuite être inséré dans un cadre, choisi métallique, devant également faire fonction d'écran pour les rayonnements. Ce cadre est habituellement réalisé en fonte pour jouer son rôle d'écran. Lors de l'insertion de l'ensemble des feuilles de verre dans le cadre, il est bien entendu nécessaire de prévoir un jeu entre le cadre et l'ensemble de verre, de manière à ce que ce dernier puisse être mis en place aisément. Ce jeu conduit ainsi à un espace vide qu'il est alors nécessaire de combler avec un matériau jouant également le rôle d'écran pour les rayonnements.The realization of these portholes initially consists of stack the glass sheets by gluing them together or separated by an air gap between two sheets of glass. All of the usually performed glass sheets combines these two types of mounting. The assembly must then be inserted in a frame, chosen metallic, which should also act as a screen for radiation. This frame is usually made of cast iron to play its screen role. When inserting all of the glass sheets into the frame, it is of course necessary to provide a clearance between the frame and the glass assembly, so that it can be put in place easily. This game thus leads to an empty space that it is then necessary to fill with a material also acting as a screen for radiation.

Par ailleurs, de telles réalisations prévoient une découpe des feuilles de verre possédant des dimensions très précises pour limiter au minimum le jeu prévu entre lesdites feuilles de verre et le cadre.Furthermore, such embodiments provide for cutting the sheets. glass with very precise dimensions to minimize the clearance provided between said glass sheets and the frame.

Selon les techniques habituellement utilisées, par exemple, dans le cas d'un ensemble de cinq feuilles de verre, trois d'entre elles sont collées et deux autres ne le sont pas, de façon à former deux lames d'air . On vient tout d'abord, placer le premier ensemble constitué des trois feuilles de verre collées dans un bâti en fonte formant le cadre du hublot, celui-ci étant placé selon une position horizontale. Dès ce stade de la fabrication, l'espace vide dû au jeu prévu entre le cadre et l'ensemble des feuilles de verre est comblé par de la laine au plomb qui joue également le rôle d'écran pour les rayonnements. La mise en place de la laine au plomb est effectuée manuellement par tassement de chaque côté du cadre; l'axe optique étant en position horizontale, il permet un accès des deux côtés, ce qui facilite la mise en place de la laine. Cette étape prend du temps, car il est nécessaire de tasser la laine au plomb au maximum de façon à augmenter la densité du joint ainsi constitué.According to the techniques usually used, for example, in the case of a set of five glass sheets, three of them are glued and two others are not, so as to form two air spaces. We comes first, place the first set consisting of the three leaves of glass stuck in a cast iron frame forming the window frame, this one being placed in a horizontal position. From this stage of manufacturing, the empty space due to the clearance provided between the frame and all of the sheets of glass is filled with lead wool which also plays the role for radiation. The installation of leaded wool is done manually by tamping on each side of the frame; the axis optics being in a horizontal position, it allows access from both sides, which facilitates the placement of wool. This step takes time, because it is necessary to pack the leaded wool as much as possible in order to increase the density of the joint thus formed.

Après ces étapes, les deux feuilles de verre non collées sont juxtaposées au premier ensemble constitué de trois feuilles de verre associées par collage l'une après l'autre. Ces étapes sont délicates à mettre en oeuvre puisque l'opérateur doit venir travailler dans le cadre déjà mis en place. Après la mise en place de chacune des feuilles de verre, il est à nouveau nécessaire de combler le jeu entre le verre et le cadre avec de la laine au plomb, ce qui constitue de nouveau une étape très longue, d'autant plus qu'à ce stade, l'accès pour tasser la laine est limité à un seul côté du cadre.After these steps, the two sheets of unglued glass are juxtaposed with the first set consisting of three sheets of glass associated by bonding one after the other. These steps are tricky to put implemented since the operator must come to work within the framework already set in place. After the placement of each glass sheet, it is again necessary to fill the gap between the glass and the frame with leaded wool, again a very long step, all the more so that at this stage, access to tamp the wool is limited to one side of the frame.

Les difficultés rencontrées et le temps passé pour réaliser de tels hublots conduisent à une augmentation considérable des coûts de fabrication de ces hublots. The difficulties encountered and the time spent in carrying out such portholes lead to a considerable increase in the costs of manufacture of these portholes.

L'invention a ainsi pour but un hublot conférant une protection contre les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques dont la réalisation est simple et nécessite un temps inférieur à celui nécessaire pour la technique présentée auparavant.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a window providing protection against high energy and / or neutron radiation, the realization is simple and requires less time than necessary for the technique presented before.

Ce but est atteint selon l'invention par un hublot constitué d'au moins un bloc optique, conférant une protection contre les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques et d'un cadre entourant le bloc optique, l'espace entre le bloc optique et le cadre étant comblé par un matériau coulable et durcissable.This object is achieved according to the invention by a window consisting of at least minus an optical unit, providing protection against radiation high energy and / or neutron and a frame surrounding the block optical, the space between the optical unit and the frame being filled by a flowable and hardenable material.

Un tel hublot présente beaucoup d'avantages lors de sa réalisation et notamment le matériau coulable vient remplir lors de sa coulée, l'espace ou le jeu prévu entre le bloc optique et le cadre sans nécessiter des opérations consistant à tasser ledit matériau.Such a porthole has many advantages during its construction and especially the pourable material fills during its casting, the space or the clearance provided between the optical unit and the frame without requiring operations consisting in compacting said material.

Un autre avantage lié à un tel matériau est de pouvoir réaliser un bloc optique complet avant de l'insérer dans le cadre du hublot et ensuite de couler le matériau coulable et durcissable. Contrairement à la technique évoquée précédemment, il n'est pas prévu de devoir finir la réalisation du bloc optique dans le cadre du hublot.Another advantage linked to such a material is to be able to produce a complete optical unit before inserting it into the window frame and then to pour the flowable and curable material. Unlike the previously mentioned technique, it is not planned to have to finish the realization of the optical unit within the window.

De façon avantageuse, le matériau coulable est chargé de particules lourdes et/ou anti-neutrons. Un tel matériau peut être une résine, mais la résistance au rayonnement de matière organique n'est pas satisfaisante pour certaines applications.Advantageously, the flowable material is loaded with particles heavy and / or anti-neutrons. Such a material may be a resin, but the resistance to organic matter radiation is not satisfactory for some applications.

Selon une réalisation préférée de l'invention, le matériau coulable et durcissable est un béton, avantageusement choisi identique à celui constituant les murs de l'enceinte au sein desquels le hublot est destiné à être installé de façon à réaliser une protection contre le rayonnement très homogène par rapport au reste des murs de l'enceinte. Le béton choisi est avantageusement chargé en minerais de fer pour lui conférer une densité de l'ordre de 4,5 et/ou comporte du bore ou des produits hydrogénés neutrophages et/ou atténuateur des rayonnements γ.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flowable material and curable is a concrete, advantageously chosen identical to that constituting the walls of the enclosure within which the porthole is intended to be installed in such a way as to protect against very strong radiation homogeneous compared to the rest of the walls of the enclosure. The concrete chosen is advantageously loaded with iron ores to give it a density around 4.5 and / or contains boron or hydrogenated products neutrophages and / or attenuator of γ radiation.

De préférence encore, le béton utilisé comporte une quantité d'eau stoechiométrique. De cette façon, il ne subsiste pas un excès d'eau qui pourrait nuire à la qualité du bloc optique et notamment au collage des feuilles de verre.More preferably, the concrete used comprises a quantity of water stoichiometric. In this way, there does not remain an excess of water which could affect the quality of the optical unit and in particular the bonding of glass sheets.

Selon une variante avantageuse de l'invention, une feuille ou un film de matière étanche, enveloppe le bloc optique et prévient ainsi tout risque de contact entre le bloc optique et le matériau coulable. Cela évite par exemple tout risque de contact du bloc optique avec l'eau contenue dans le béton.According to an advantageous variant of the invention, a sheet or a film of waterproof material, envelops the optical unit and thus prevents any risk contact between the optical unit and the flowable material. This avoids by example any risk of contact of the optical unit with the water contained in concrete.

Selon une réalisation préférée de l'invention, le bloc optique possède une forme tronc-pyramidale, c'est-à-dire possédant la forme d'une pyramide, les faces inférieures et supérieures étant parallèles. Une telle forme permet notamment de favoriser l'écoulement du matériau coulable et durcissable autour du bloc optique. Pour obtenir un tel bloc, chaque feuille de verre est prévue avec des bords inclinés de sorte que l'assemblage de ces feuilles forme un bloc optique tronc-pyramidale. Selon une première réalisation, chaque feuille de verre est prévue avec des bords inclinés de même pente. Selon une seconde réalisation préférée de l'invention, les pentes des bords inclinés sont légèrement différentes pour chaque feuille de verre, ledit bloc comprenant au moins, deux feuilles de verre.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the optical unit has a truncated-pyramidal shape, that is to say having the shape of a pyramid, the lower and upper faces being parallel. Such a shape allows in particular to promote the flow of the flowable material and curable around the optical unit. To obtain such a block, each sheet of glass is provided with inclined edges so that the assembly of these sheets forms a truncated-pyramidal optical unit. According to a first realization, each glass sheet is provided with edges inclined with the same slope. According to a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the slopes of the inclined edges are slightly different for each glass sheet, said block comprising at least two sheets of glass.

Selon cette réalisation préférée et plus particulièrement dans le cas d'une feuille ou d'un film plastique enveloppant le bloc optique, tout risque de passage d'un rayonnement parallèle au bord incliné du bloc optique est éliminé. En effet, un rayon parallèle au bord d'une première feuille sera ainsi arrêté par le bord de la suivante.According to this preferred embodiment and more particularly in the case a sheet or plastic film wrapping the optical unit, everything risk of radiation passing parallel to the inclined edge of the block optics is eliminated. Indeed, a ray parallel to the edge of a first sheet will thus be stopped by the edge of the next.

De préférence, le cadre du hublot est réalisé en tôle et donc peu onéreux, notamment à l'égard des techniques habituelles qui nécessitent un matériau en fonte. Avantageusement, le cadre présente sur l'ensemble de sa périphérie un décrochement. Ce décrochement permet d'une part lors de l'installation, de placer le hublot en appui sur un décrochement de forme complémentaire prévu dans la paroi dans laquelle il est installé. D'autre part, ce décrochement du cadre est comblé sur sa face interne par le matériau coulable. Selon une autre réalisation, des blocs de fonte peuvent également combler ce décrochement à l'intérieur du cadre, notamment pour limiter la quantité de matériau coulable nécessaire.Preferably, the window frame is made of sheet metal and therefore little expensive, especially with regard to the usual techniques which require a cast iron material. Advantageously, the frame present on the whole from its periphery a setback. This step allows on the one hand during installation, place the porthole resting on a recess of complementary shape provided in the wall in which it is installed. On the other hand, this recess of the frame is filled on its internal face by the flowable material. According to another embodiment, blocks of cast iron can also fill this gap inside the frame, in particular to limit the amount of flowable material required.

Dans une variante de l'invention, le cadre du hublot n'est utilisé que pour le moulage du matériau coulable puis est éliminé.In a variant of the invention, the window frame is only used for molding the flowable material and then is eliminated.

L'invention propose également un procédé de fabrication de tels hublots. Selon l'invention, ce procédé consiste à placer le bloc optique préalablement réalisé sur sa grande surface, dans le cadre, l'axe optique du bloc étant orienté verticalement, puis à couler le matériau coulable et durcissable entre le bloc optique et le cadre. Selon cette réalisation, le matériau vient combler l'espace ou le jeu prévu entre le bloc optique et le cadre. Aucune intervention manuelle n'est alors nécessaire pour venir tasser le matériau à la base, celui-ci s'écoulant naturellement. De plus, cette étape est simplifiée ou tout au moins rendue plus rapide du fait du rétrécissement de l'espace à combler vers le bas dû à la forme tronc-pyramidale du bloc optique.The invention also provides a method of manufacturing such portholes. According to the invention, this method consists in placing the optical unit previously realized on its large surface, in the frame, the optical axis of the block being oriented vertically, then pouring the pourable material and curable between the optical unit and the frame. According to this embodiment, the material comes to fill the space or the clearance provided between the optical unit and the frame. No manual intervention is then necessary to come compact the material at the base, it flows naturally. Moreover, this step is simplified or at least made faster due to the narrowing of the space to be filled down due to the truncated pyramid shape of the optical unit.

Le hublot selon l'invention et le procédé de fabrication d'un tel hublot proposé par l'invention permettent donc d'une part de simplifier la fabrication et d'en diminuer ses coûts et d'autre part conduisent à un hublot conférant une protection parfaite contre les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques.The porthole according to the invention and the method of manufacturing such a porthole proposed by the invention therefore allow on the one hand to simplify the manufacturing and reducing its costs and on the other hand lead to a window providing perfect protection against high radiation energy and / or neutronics.

D'autres détails et caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention ressortiront ci-après de la description d'un exemple de réalisation selon l'invention en référence à la figure qui représente un hublot.Other details and advantageous features of the invention will emerge below from the description of an exemplary embodiment according to the invention with reference to the figure which represents a window.

Sur cette figure, le hublot 1 représenté comporte un bloc optique constitué de cinq feuilles de verre 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Chacune de ces feuilles de verre possède une composition lui conférant une protection pour des rayonnements à haute énergie de type γ et/ou pour des rayonnements neutroniques. Ces feuilles de verre présentent des épaisseurs comprises entre 100 et 300 mm et sont assemblées pour former le bloc optique. Le hublot comporte en outre un cadre en tôle 7. Ce cadre 7 présente sur l'ensemble de sa périphérie, et donc sur l'ensemble de la périphérie du hublot 1, un décrochement 8. Ce décrochement 8 permet de venir encastrer et positionner le hublot 1 dans l'ouverture d'un mur prévue a cet effet et comportant un décrochement de forme complémentaire de celle du décrochement du cadre 7 du hublot 1. La combinaison de ces deux décrochements complémentaires permet d'une part une bonne précision pour la mise en place du hublot 1 et d'autre part une protection totale pour les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques.In this figure, the porthole 1 shown comprises an optical unit consisting of five sheets of glass 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Each of these sheets of glass has a composition which gives it protection for γ-type high energy radiation and / or for radiation neutronics. These glass sheets have thicknesses included between 100 and 300 mm and are assembled to form the optical unit. The porthole further comprises a sheet metal frame 7. This frame 7 has on the whole of its periphery, and therefore on the whole of the periphery of the window 1, a recess 8. This recess 8 makes it possible to come embed and position the window 1 in the opening of a wall provided for this effect and comprising a recess of a shape complementary to that the recess of the window 7 frame 1. The combination of these two on the one hand, it provides good precision for the installation of the porthole 1 and on the other hand total protection for high energy and / or neutron radiation.

Lors de la fabrication, il est tout d'abord procédé à la réalisation du bloc optique et plus précisément par le collage des feuilles de verre 2, 3 et 4. Ces collages sont réalisés par toute méthode connue de l'homme du métier. On procède ensuite à l'association des feuilles de verre 5 et 6 par collage périphérique. Ce type de montage périphérique est réalisé par un joint de scellage étanche 9, de la même façon que pour les vitrages commercialisés sous le nom CLIMALIT.During production, the first step is to produce the optical unit and more precisely by bonding the glass sheets 2, 3 and 4. These collages are made by any method known to those skilled in the art job. We then proceed to the association of glass sheets 5 and 6 by peripheral bonding. This type of peripheral mounting is carried out by a waterproof seal 9, in the same way as for glazing marketed under the name CLIMALIT.

Il peut être par ailleurs prévus des tubes 10 en périphérie des joints de scellage 9. Ces tubes 10 permettent alors de ventiler les lames d'air entre les feuilles de verre 4 et 5 et entre les feuilles de verre 5 et 6, notamment pour éliminer tout risque de formation de buée qui nuirait à la transmission lumineuse. Le bloc optique constitué des cinq feuilles de verre 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 est ainsi constitué : celui-ci possède une forme de pyramide tronquée, chacune des feuilles de verre 2, 3, 4, 5, et 6 possédant des côtés biseautés.Tubes 10 may also be provided at the periphery of the seals sealing 9. These tubes 10 then ventilate the air knives between the glass sheets 4 and 5 and between the glass sheets 5 and 6, in particular to eliminate any risk of fogging which would harm the light transmission. The optical unit consisting of the five sheets of glass 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 is thus constituted: it has a form of truncated pyramid, each of the glass sheets 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 having bevelled sides.

Pour améliorer encore la transmission lumineuse, les feuilles de verre et plus particulièrement les faces des feuilles de verre qui ne sont pas collées sur toute leur surface, peuvent comporter un traitement antireflet.To further improve light transmission, the sheets of glass and more particularly the faces of the glass sheets which are not not glued over their entire surface, may include an anti-reflective treatment.

Il est ensuite procédé à l'assemblage du bloc optique et du cadre 7. Le cadre 7 est ainsi posé selon une direction verticale et repose sur des retours 11 qui vont venir en bride sur le bloc optique. Le bloc optique est alors placé au sein du cadre 7 pour venir reposer sur sa grande face 12, celle-ci étant en appui sur les retours 11. Entre les retours 11 et la grande face 12, il est prévu un joint du type éthylène-propylène, assurant l'étanchéité de l'association bloc optique/cadre 7. Le bloc optique étant mis en place, l'opérateur coule un béton 14 dans l'espace entre le bloc optique et le cadre 7. Le béton 14 est un béton possédant une densité supérieure à 4 et de préférence choisi identique à celui utilisé pour le mur dans lequel le hublot 1 doit être inséré. Le béton 14 de part sa fluidité va remplir la totalité de l'espace avant de durcir ; de plus, lors du durcissement, il se produit un frettage exercé par le béton 14 sur le bloc optique qui garantit encore le complet remplissement de l'espace entre cadre 7 et bloc optique.The optical unit and the frame 7 are then assembled. frame 7 is thus placed in a vertical direction and rests on returns 11 which will come in flange on the optical unit. The optical unit is then placed within the frame 7 to come to rest on its large face 12, the latter being supported on the returns 11. Between the returns 11 and the large face 12, an ethylene-propylene type seal is provided, ensuring the tightness of the optical unit / frame combination 7. The optical unit being put in place, the operator pours concrete 14 into the space between the block optics and the frame 7. Concrete 14 is a concrete having a density greater than 4 and preferably chosen identical to that used for the wall in which door 1 is to be inserted. Concrete 14 due to its fluidity fill the entire space before hardening; moreover, during hardening, there is a hooping exerted by the concrete 14 on the block optics which still guarantees the complete filling of the space between frame 7 and optical unit.

Lors de la coulée du béton 14, les tuyaux 10 sont prévus de telle façon qu'ils sont enrobés dans le béton avec des orifices 15 débordant du béton 14.During the pouring of the concrete 14, the pipes 10 are provided in such a way so that they are embedded in concrete with holes 15 projecting from the concrete 14.

De façon à prévenir une attaque des feuilles de verre 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 par l'eau contenu dans le béton 14, celui-ci est prévu avec une quantité d'eau stoéchiométrique.In order to prevent an attack of the glass sheets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 by the water contained in the concrete 14, this is provided with a quantity of water stoichiometric.

Par ailleurs, il est également possible dans une variante non représentée sur la figure, de prévoir un film ou une résine enveloppant le bloc optique et éliminant ainsi tout risque de contact avec l'eau contenue dans le béton 14.Furthermore, it is also possible in a variant not shown in the figure, to provide a film or a resin enveloping the optical unit and thus eliminating any risk of contact with the water contained in concrete 14.

Dans une préalisation possible de l'invention, il est prévu dans la zone intérieure du cadre 7 correspondant au décrochage 8, des blocs 16 de fonte de plomb en périphérie du cadre. Ces blocs 16 sont facultatifs mais peuvent contribuer à la protection contre les rayonnements au niveau dudit décrochage 8.In a possible advance of the invention, it is provided in the inner zone of the frame 7 corresponding to the dropout 8, of the blocks 16 of lead cast iron on the periphery of the frame. These blocks 16 are optional but can help protect against radiation at level of said dropout 8.

Toujours pour améliorer la protection contre les rayonnements, chaque feuille de verre possède des bords biseautés dont les pentes des biseaux sont différentes d'une feuille de verre à l'autre. Une telle réalisation permet, dans le cas notamment d'une feuille plastique ou d'une résine enveloppant le bloc optique, qu'un rayon parallèle à la pente du biseau de la feuille de verre 6 soit absorbé par le béton 14 ou bien par l'une des autres feuilles de verre, la zone de jonction entre le bloc optique et le béton 14 n'étant pas linéaire, sur toute la longueur du bloc optique.Always to improve protection against radiation, each glass sheet has bevelled edges including the slopes of the bevels are different from one sheet of glass to another. Such a realization allows, in the case in particular of a plastic sheet or a resin enveloping the optical unit, that a ray parallel to the slope of the bevel of the glass sheet 6 is absorbed by the concrete 14 or by one of the other sheets of glass, the junction area between the optical unit and the concrete 14 not being linear, over the entire length of the optical unit.

Le hublot 1 ainsi proposé selon l'invention offre ainsi une protection efficace pour les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques. De plus, la réalisation de ce hublot est plus rapide et donc moins onéreuse que les méthodes habituelles. Notamment, l'utilisation d'un matériau coulable et durcissable tel qu'un béton est très rapide et comble parfaitement l'espace prévu entre le cadre 7 et le bloc optique. Par ailleurs, cette technique présente encore un avantage ; la précision des dimensions des bords des vitrages n'est pas aussi rigoureuse que selon les techniques habituelles puisque le béton 14 viendra combler la totalité de l'espace vide lors de sa coulée, puis du phénomène de frettage. Il est ainsi possible de conserver les bords des feuilles de verre 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 brutes de moulage, c'est-à-dire sans aucune étape de finition, notamment en vue d'éliminer toute aspérité. En effet, même si celles-ci existent, le béton 14 vient recouvrir la totalité des bords des feuilles de verre. Il apparaít donc que cette particularité de l'invention permette encore de diminuer le coût de fabrication du hublot.The window 1 thus proposed according to the invention thus offers protection effective for high energy and / or neutron radiation. Of more, the realization of this porthole is faster and therefore less expensive than the usual methods. In particular, the use of a material pourable and hardenable such as concrete is very fast and full perfectly the space provided between the frame 7 and the optical unit. Otherwise, this technique still has an advantage; dimensional accuracy of the edges of the glazing is not as rigorous as according to the techniques usual since concrete 14 will fill the entire empty space during its pouring, then during the shrinking phenomenon. It is thus possible to keep the edges of the glass sheets 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 rough molding, that is to say without any finishing step, in particular with a view to eliminating any roughness. Indeed, even if these exist, the concrete 14 comes cover the entire edges of the glass sheets. It therefore appears that this feature of the invention further reduces the cost of manufacture of the porthole.

Claims (10)

Hublot constitué d'au moins un bloc optique, conférant une protection contre les rayonnements à haute énergie et/ou neutroniques, et d'un cadre, caractérisé en ce que l'espace entre le bloc optique et le cadre est comblé par un matériau coulable et durcissable.Porthole consisting of at least one optical unit, providing protection against high energy and / or neutron radiation, and of a frame, characterized in that the space between the optical unit and the frame is filled with a flowable material and curable. Hublot selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la matériau coulable et durcissable est chargé de particules lourdes et/ou anti-neutrons.Window according to claim 1, characterized in that the flowable and hardenable material is loaded with heavy particles and / or anti-neutrons. Hublot selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matériau coulable est un béton.Window according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the flowable material is concrete. Hublot selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le béton comporte une quantité d'eau stoechiométrique.Porthole according to claim 3, characterized in that the concrete comprises a quantity of stoichiometric water. Hublot selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu 'une feuille de matière étanche enveloppe le bloc optique.Window according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sheet of airtight material envelops the optical unit. Hublot selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bloc optique a une forme tronc-pyramidale.Porthole according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical unit has a truncated pyramid shape. Hublot selon la revendication 6 dont le bloc optique est constitué d'au moins deux feuilles de verre, caractérisé en ce que chaque feuille possède des bords biseautés et en ce que la pente des biseaux créés sur les bords de chaque feuille de verre est différente pour chacune des feuilles de verre.Porthole according to claim 6, the optical unit of which consists of at least two sheets of glass, characterized in that each sheet has bevelled edges and in that the slope of the bevels created on the edges of each sheet of glass is different for each of the glass sheets. Hublot selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le cadre est réalisé en tôle.Window according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame is made of sheet metal. Hublot selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le cadre présente un décrochement sur l'ensemble de sa périphérie.Window according to claim 8, characterized in that the frame has a recess over its entire periphery. Procédé de fabrication d'un hublot constitué d'un bloc optique et d'un cadre, caractérisé en ce que le bloc optique est placé sur une face dans le cadre, son axe optique étant orienté selon une direction verticale, et en ce qu'on coule un matériau coulable et durcissable entre le bloc optique et le cadre.Method for manufacturing a porthole consisting of an optical unit and a frame, characterized in that the optical unit is placed on one face in the frame, its optical axis being oriented in a vertical direction, and in that a pourable and curable material is poured between the optical unit and the frame.
EP98400305A 1997-02-13 1998-02-11 Radiation shielding viewing window Expired - Lifetime EP0859371B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9701665A FR2759485B1 (en) 1997-02-13 1997-02-13 PORT FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION
FR9701665 1997-02-13

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EP0859371A1 true EP0859371A1 (en) 1998-08-19
EP0859371B1 EP0859371B1 (en) 2001-11-28

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US (1) US5937598A (en)
EP (1) EP0859371B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4307584B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE209822T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2229695C (en)
DE (1) DE69802593T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0859371T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2167844T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2759485B1 (en)
PT (1) PT859371E (en)
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ES2167844T3 (en) 2002-05-16
JP4307584B2 (en) 2009-08-05
EP0859371B1 (en) 2001-11-28
FR2759485B1 (en) 1999-03-12
DE69802593D1 (en) 2002-01-10
US5937598A (en) 1999-08-17
FR2759485A1 (en) 1998-08-14
ATE209822T1 (en) 2001-12-15
DK0859371T3 (en) 2002-04-02
JPH10325898A (en) 1998-12-08
CA2229695A1 (en) 1998-08-13
PT859371E (en) 2002-04-29
CA2229695C (en) 2007-05-29
DE69802593T2 (en) 2002-08-01
TW396349B (en) 2000-07-01

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