EP0854348B1 - Acoustic assistance system - Google Patents

Acoustic assistance system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0854348B1
EP0854348B1 EP97810979A EP97810979A EP0854348B1 EP 0854348 B1 EP0854348 B1 EP 0854348B1 EP 97810979 A EP97810979 A EP 97810979A EP 97810979 A EP97810979 A EP 97810979A EP 0854348 B1 EP0854348 B1 EP 0854348B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic
support system
unit
control data
data
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Revoked
Application number
EP97810979A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0854348A1 (en
Inventor
René Lazecki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SE Schweizerische Elektronikunternehmung
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SE Schweizerische Elektronikunternehmung
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Application filed by SE Schweizerische Elektronikunternehmung filed Critical SE Schweizerische Elektronikunternehmung
Priority to DK97810979T priority Critical patent/DK0854348T3/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an acoustic support system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such systems are used, for example, by an army in combat exercises and should do the exercise individually for each participant make it appear as realistic as possible.
  • Some Combat situations such as the use of chemical ones Warfare agents, the overflight of airplanes, the explosion of mines, artillery, tank, mine launcher or Hand grenades are only with the help of acoustic support simulable.
  • the invention is based on the object of an acoustic Creating support system that is easy to use can be used repeatedly and is inexpensive.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a central unit 1 and one Unit 2 of an acoustic support system according to the Invention.
  • the symbol 3 indicates that between the central unit 1 and the unit 2 a radio connection exists.
  • the system has other connections for signal transmission, such as Optical fiber.
  • the signals in the system are preferred electromagnetic signals, for example in sections as a radio signal and in other sections via fiber optic cables can be transferred. In the example shown For the sake of simplicity, the signals are referred to below as radio signals described.
  • the Central unit 1 is in a control room, for example housed at the practice site.
  • the units 2 each have an electronic control device 4, an electronic one Memory 5 with data representing acoustic signals, a Receiving device 6 for receiving control data, a Conversion device 7 for converting using the Control data selected by the control device 4 parts the stored data into acoustic signals, and one Sound generator 8 for reproducing the acoustic signals.
  • the control device 4 is with the memory 5 and the receiving device 6 connected.
  • the conversion device 7 is connected to the memory 5 and the sound generator 8.
  • the central unit 1 has a control device 9 for generating of control data and an associated sending device 10 for sending control data to a number of selected units 2.
  • the control device 9 of the central unit 1 is suitable for to select a number of units 2 and generate 2 current control data for each selected unit based on the current position of the unit in question 2 and a fictitious current position of one to be simulated Event.
  • Positioning system can be provided, which of the Control device 9 transmits position data.
  • the control device 9 coordinates of the location, where the fictional event takes place.
  • the control device 9 of the central unit 1 then generates control data for the units 2 in the vicinity of the fictitious Explosion site.
  • the control data generated is sent to the transmission device 10 fed which the data via radio to the receiving devices 6 of the respectively selected units 2 sends. There the control data are supplied to the control device 4, which with the help of the control data parts of the in the memory 5 stored data, which corresponds to the event to be simulated correspond, selected.
  • This stored data represent acoustic signals, such as noises, spoken words or whole sentences.
  • the selected parts of the data stored in the memory 5 becomes the conversion device 7 supplied, which the data in acoustic Converts signals.
  • the sound generator 8 receives the acoustic Signals and reproduces them.
  • the sound generator 8 comprises two loudspeakers, which at the ears of a user so that the surrounding noise not be dampened significantly.
  • the memory 5 is preferably an electronic, digital memory, such as an integrated semiconductor memory (Read Only Memory).
  • the data can also be analog or mixed be stored analog / digital.
  • the conversion device 7 is a semiconductor integrated circuit which is suitable for digitally stored data in understandable Transform words, sentences or sounds.
  • the one in memory 5 stored data are using the control device 4 targeted and individually available. That way a typical sound for the event to be simulated retrieved from the memory 5 and the sound generator 8 fed for playback. You can also use instructions and commands stored as words or sentences that everyone Participants can be communicated individually as required.
  • the control device 9 of the central unit 1 is suitable for generating the current tax data for a selected one Unit 2 each has a fictitious current direction of movement of the event to be simulated and with The current volume using the generated control data of the acoustic signals to be reproduced as a function of current position of the selected unit 2 and the current one fictitious position of the event to be simulated regulate. For example, an overflying aircraft by a corresponding noise with a swelling and falling volume can be simulated again.
  • the units 2 with Means (not shown) for detecting a current one Orientation of the respective user and for transmission corresponding data to the central unit 1.
  • Means for detecting a current one Orientation of the respective user and for transmission corresponding data to the central unit 1.
  • the central unit 1 With the help of a compass and a transmitter, the current orientation of a participant and the Central unit 1 can be communicated.
  • the control device 9 the central unit 1 is suitable for a selected one Unit 2 to generate control data by means of which the sound generator 8 a current stereophonic signal as a function of the current position of the selected unit 2, the fictitious current position of the event to be simulated and the current orientation of the selected Unit 2 reproduces. This results in an even more realistic one Simulation of the event.
  • the central unit 1 is suitable for sequential selection and control of several units 2 and also for repeated Select and control the units 2. With the It is the acoustic support system according to the invention the quality is possible in a simple and inexpensive way of simulated processes significantly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
  • Stereophonic System (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

The system has a number of units (2), each with an electronic controller (4), a memory (5) with data corresp. to acoustic signals, a receiver (6) for receiving control data, a conversion device (7) for converting parts of the stored data selected using the control signals into acoustic signals and a sound generator (8). The sound generator reproduces the acoustic signals. A central unit (1) contains a controller (9) for generating control data and a transmitter (10) which transmits the control data to a number of selected units (2).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein akustisches Unterstützungssystem gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Solche Systeme werden zum Beispiel von einer Armee bei Gefechtsübungen verwendet und sollten die Übung für jeden Teilnehmer individuell so realitätsnah wie möglich erscheinen lassen. Einige Gefechtssituationen, wie zum Beispiel der Einsatz von chemischen Kampfstoffen, der Überflug von Flugzeugen, die Explosion von Minen, Artillerie-, Panzer-, Minenwerfer- oder Handgranaten, sind erst mit Hilfe einer akustischen Unterstützung simulierbar.The invention relates to an acoustic support system according to the preamble of claim 1. Such systems are used, for example, by an army in combat exercises and should do the exercise individually for each participant make it appear as realistic as possible. Some Combat situations, such as the use of chemical ones Warfare agents, the overflight of airplanes, the explosion of mines, artillery, tank, mine launcher or Hand grenades are only with the help of acoustic support simulable.

Es sind akustische Unterstützungssysteme bekannt, bei denen pyrotechnische Knallkörper eingesetzt werden. Diese bekannten Systeme haben jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie nicht nur sehr unpraktisch, sondern auch hochgefährlich sind: eine Person, die sich in unmittelbarer Nähe eines explodierenden Knallkörpers befindet, kann schwere Gehörschäden oder sogar Gehörverlust erleiden.Acoustic support systems are known in which pyrotechnic firecrackers are used. These well-known However, systems have the disadvantage that they are not only are very impractical, but also extremely dangerous: one Person who is in the immediate vicinity of an exploding Firecracker located, can cause serious hearing loss or even Suffer hearing loss.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein akustisches Unterstützungssystem zu schaffen, das einfach zu handhaben, wiederholt einsetzbar und preisgünstig ist.The invention is based on the object of an acoustic Creating support system that is easy to use can be used repeatedly and is inexpensive.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruchs 1 erreicht. Die individuell ansteuerbaren Einheiten mit den gespeicherten akustischen Signalen ermöglichen eine realitätsnahe akustische Simulation. According to the invention, this is characterized by the features of the Part of claim 1 achieved. The individual controllable units with the stored acoustic Signals enable realistic acoustic simulation.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Further advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims forth.

Nachfolgend werden einige beispielsweise Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
schematisch den Aufbau des akustischen Unterstützungssystems gemäss der Erfindung.
Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
Fig. 1
schematically the structure of the acoustic support system according to the invention.

Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Zentraleinheit 1 und eine Einheit 2 eines akustischen Unterstützungssystems gemäss der Erfindung. Das Symbol 3 deutet an, dass zwischen der Zentraleinheit 1 und der Einheit 2 eine Funkverbindung existiert. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass das System andere Verbindungen zur Signalübertragung umfasst, wie zum Beispiel Lichtwellenleiter. Die Signale im System sind vorzugsweise elektromagnetische Signale, die beispielsweise in Teilstrecken als Funksignal und in weiteren Teilstrecken über Glasfaserkabel übertragen werden können. Im gezeigten Beispiel werden im Folgenden die Signale einfachheitshalber als Funksignale beschrieben.FIG. 1 schematically shows a central unit 1 and one Unit 2 of an acoustic support system according to the Invention. The symbol 3 indicates that between the central unit 1 and the unit 2 a radio connection exists. But it is also possible that the system has other connections for signal transmission, such as Optical fiber. The signals in the system are preferred electromagnetic signals, for example in sections as a radio signal and in other sections via fiber optic cables can be transferred. In the example shown For the sake of simplicity, the signals are referred to below as radio signals described.

Jeder aktive Teilnehmer an einer Übung kann Benützer des Systems sein und trägt dann eine Einheit 2 auf sich. Die Zentraleinheit 1 ist beispielsweise in einem Kontrollraum beim Übungsplatz untergebracht. Die Einheiten 2 weisen je eine elektronische Steuervorrichtung 4, einen elektronischen Speicher 5 mit akustische Signale darstellenden Daten, eine Empfangsvorrichtung 6 zum Empfangen von Steuerdaten, eine Umwandlungsvorrichtung 7 zum Umwandeln von mit Hilfe der Steuerdaten durch die Steuervorrichtung 4 selektierten Teilen der gespeicherten Daten in akustische Signale, und einen Klangerzeuger 8 zum Wiedergeben der akustischen Signale auf. Every active participant in an exercise can use the System and then carries a unit 2 on itself. The Central unit 1 is in a control room, for example housed at the practice site. The units 2 each have an electronic control device 4, an electronic one Memory 5 with data representing acoustic signals, a Receiving device 6 for receiving control data, a Conversion device 7 for converting using the Control data selected by the control device 4 parts the stored data into acoustic signals, and one Sound generator 8 for reproducing the acoustic signals.

Die Steuervorrichtung 4 ist mit dem Speicher 5 und der Empfangsvorrichtung 6 verbunden. Die Umwandlungsvorrichtung 7 ist mit dem Speicher 5 und dem Klangerzeuger 8 verbunden. Die Zentraleinheit 1 weist eine Steuervorrichtung 9 zum Generieren von Steuerdaten und eine damit verbundene Sendevorrichtung 10 zum Senden von Steuerdaten zu einer Anzahl von jeweils selektierten Einheiten 2 auf.The control device 4 is with the memory 5 and the receiving device 6 connected. The conversion device 7 is connected to the memory 5 and the sound generator 8. The central unit 1 has a control device 9 for generating of control data and an associated sending device 10 for sending control data to a number of selected units 2.

Die Steuervorrichtung 9 der Zentraleinheit 1 ist dazu geeignet, jeweils eine Anzahl von Einheiten 2 zu selektieren und für jede selektierte Einheit 2 aktuelle Steuerdaten zu generieren aufgrund der aktuellen Position der betreffenden Einheit 2 und einer fiktiven aktuellen Position eines zu simulierenden Ereignisses. Zur Ortung der Einheiten 2 kann ein Positionsbestimmungssystem vorgesehen sein, welches der Steuervorrichtung 9 Positionsdaten übermittelt. Beim Simulieren eines Ereignisses, wie zum Beispiel eine Minenexplosion, werden der Steuervorrichtung 9 Koordinaten des Ortes, wo das fiktive Ereignis stattfindet, zugeführt. Die Steuervorrichtung 9 der Zentraleinheit 1 generiert darauf Steuerdaten für die Einheiten 2 in der näheren Umgebung des fiktiven Explosionsortes.The control device 9 of the central unit 1 is suitable for to select a number of units 2 and generate 2 current control data for each selected unit based on the current position of the unit in question 2 and a fictitious current position of one to be simulated Event. To locate the units 2 can Positioning system can be provided, which of the Control device 9 transmits position data. When simulating an event, such as a mine explosion, the control device 9 coordinates of the location, where the fictional event takes place. The control device 9 of the central unit 1 then generates control data for the units 2 in the vicinity of the fictitious Explosion site.

Die generierten Steuerdaten werden der Sendevorrichtung 10 zugeführt, welche die Daten über Funk zu den Empfangsvorrichtungen 6 der jeweils selektierten Einheiten 2 sendet. Dort werden die Steuerdaten der Steuervorrichtung 4 zugeführt, welche mit Hilfe der Steuerdaten Teile der im Speicher 5 gespeicherten Daten, welche dem zu simulierenden Ereignis entsprechen, selektiert. Diese gespeicherten Daten stellen akustische Signale dar, wie zum Beispiel Geräusche, gesprochene Wörter oder ganze Sätze. Die selektierten Teile der im Speicher 5 gespeicherten Daten werden der Umwandlungsvorrichtung 7 zugeführt, welche die Daten in akustische Signale umwandelt. Der Klangerzeuger 8 erhält die akustischen Signale und gibt sie wieder.The control data generated is sent to the transmission device 10 fed which the data via radio to the receiving devices 6 of the respectively selected units 2 sends. There the control data are supplied to the control device 4, which with the help of the control data parts of the in the memory 5 stored data, which corresponds to the event to be simulated correspond, selected. This stored data represent acoustic signals, such as noises, spoken words or whole sentences. The selected parts of the data stored in the memory 5 becomes the conversion device 7 supplied, which the data in acoustic Converts signals. The sound generator 8 receives the acoustic Signals and reproduces them.

Der Klangerzeuger 8 umfasst zwei Lautsprecher, welche bei den Ohren eines Benützers so angeordnet werden, dass die Umgebungsgeräusche nicht wesentlich gedämpft werden. Der Speicher 5 ist vorzugsweise ein elektronischer, digitaler Speicher, wie zum Beispiel ein integrierter Halbleiterspeicher (Read Only Memory). Auch können die Daten analog oder gemischt analog/digital gespeichert sein. Die Umwandlungsvorrichtung 7 ist eine integrierte Halbleiterschaltung, welche dazu geeignet ist, digital gespeicherte Daten in verständliche Wörter, Sätze oder Geräusche zu verwandeln. Die im Speicher 5 gespeicherten Daten sind mit Hilfe der Steuervorrichtung 4 gezielt und einzeln abrufbar. Auf diese Weise wird jeweils ein für das zu simulierende Ereignis typisches Geräusch aus dem Speicher 5 abgerufen und dem Klangerzeuger 8 zur Wiedergabe zugeführt. Auch können Anweisungen und Befehle als Wörter oder Sätze gespeichert sein, welche jedem Teilnehmer nach Bedarf individuell mitgeteilt werden können.The sound generator 8 comprises two loudspeakers, which at the ears of a user so that the surrounding noise not be dampened significantly. The memory 5 is preferably an electronic, digital memory, such as an integrated semiconductor memory (Read Only Memory). The data can also be analog or mixed be stored analog / digital. The conversion device 7 is a semiconductor integrated circuit which is suitable for digitally stored data in understandable Transform words, sentences or sounds. The one in memory 5 stored data are using the control device 4 targeted and individually available. That way a typical sound for the event to be simulated retrieved from the memory 5 and the sound generator 8 fed for playback. You can also use instructions and commands stored as words or sentences that everyone Participants can be communicated individually as required.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Steuervorrichtung 9 der Zentraleinheit 1 dazu geeignet, beim Generieren der aktuellen Steuerdaten für eine jeweils selektierte Einheit 2 jeweils eine fiktive aktuelle Bewegungsrichtung des zu simulierenden Ereignisses zu berücksichtigen und mit Hilfe der generierten Steuerdaten die aktuelle Lautstärke der wiederzugebenden akustischen Signale als Funktion der aktuellen Position der selektierten Einheit 2 und der aktuellen fiktiven Position des zu simulierenden Ereignisses zu regeln. So kann beispielsweise ein überfliegendes Flugzeug durch ein entsprechendes Geräusch mit einer anschwellenden und wieder abfallenden Lautstärke simuliert werden. In one embodiment of the invention, the control device 9 of the central unit 1 is suitable for generating the current tax data for a selected one Unit 2 each has a fictitious current direction of movement of the event to be simulated and with The current volume using the generated control data of the acoustic signals to be reproduced as a function of current position of the selected unit 2 and the current one fictitious position of the event to be simulated regulate. For example, an overflying aircraft by a corresponding noise with a swelling and falling volume can be simulated again.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen akustischen Unterstützungssystems sind die Einheiten 2 mit (nicht dargestellten) Mitteln zum Erfassen einer aktuellen Ausrichtung des jeweiligen Benützers und zum Übermitteln entsprechender Daten zur Zentraleinheit 1 versehen. Mit Hilfe eines Kompasses und einer Sendevorrichtung kann die momentane Orientierung eines Teilnehmers erfasst und der Zentraleinheit 1 mitgeteilt werden. Die Steuervorrichtung 9 der Zentraleinheit 1 ist dazu geeignet, für eine jeweils selektierte Einheit 2 Steuerdaten zu generieren, mittels welcher der Klangerzeuger 8 ein aktuelles stereophones Signal als Funktion der aktuellen Position der selektierten Einheit 2, der fiktiven aktuellen Position des zu simulierenden Ereignisses und der aktuellen Ausrichtung der selektierten Einheit 2 wiedergibt. Dies ergibt eine noch realitätsnahere Simulation des Ereignisses.In a further embodiment of the inventive Acoustic support system are the units 2 with Means (not shown) for detecting a current one Orientation of the respective user and for transmission corresponding data to the central unit 1. With With the help of a compass and a transmitter, the current orientation of a participant and the Central unit 1 can be communicated. The control device 9 the central unit 1 is suitable for a selected one Unit 2 to generate control data by means of which the sound generator 8 a current stereophonic signal as a function of the current position of the selected unit 2, the fictitious current position of the event to be simulated and the current orientation of the selected Unit 2 reproduces. This results in an even more realistic one Simulation of the event.

Die Zentraleinheit 1 ist geeignet zum sequenziellen Selektieren und Ansteuern mehrerer Einheiten 2 und auch zum wiederholten Selektieren und Ansteuern der Einheiten 2. Mit dem erfindungsgemässen akustischen Unterstützungssystem ist es auf einfache und preisgünstige Weise möglich, die Qualität von simulierten Abläufen erheblich zu steigern.The central unit 1 is suitable for sequential selection and control of several units 2 and also for repeated Select and control the units 2. With the It is the acoustic support system according to the invention the quality is possible in a simple and inexpensive way of simulated processes significantly.

Claims (9)

  1. Acoustic support system, characterised in that the system comprises a number of units (2) including each an electronic control device (4), a memory (5) containing data representing acoustic signals of events to be simulated, a reception device (6) for receiving control data, a conversion device (7) for converting those parts of the stored data which are being selected by the control device (4) into acoustic signals, and a sound generator (8) for reproducing the acoustic signals, and in that the system further comprises a central unit (1) for generating control data and a transmitting device (10) for transmitting control data to a number of respective selected units (2).
  2. Acoustic support system according to claim 1, characterised in that each user of the system carries a respective unit (2).
  3. Acoustic support system according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control device (9) of the central unit (1) is capable of generating current control data for a respective selected unit (2) in function of the current position of the selected unit (2) and a fictive current position of an event to be simulated.
  4. Acoustic support system according to claim 3, characterised in that the control device (9) of the central unit (1) is capable of taking into account a fictive movement of the event to be simulated for the generation of the control data for a respective selected unit (2).
  5. Acoustic support system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the sound generator (8) includes two loudspeakers.
  6. Acoustic support system according to claim 5, characterised in that the loudspeakers are designed to be placed close to the ears of a user without substantially attenuating the ambient noise.
  7. Acoustic support system according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that the control device (9) of the central unit (1) is capable of generating control data for a respective selected unit (2) which allow to adjust the current volume of the reproduced acoustic signals in function of the current position of the selected unit (2) and of the fictive current position of the event to be simulated.
  8. Acoustic support system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the units (2) are provided with means for detecting a current orientation of the respective user and for transmitting corresponding data to the central unit (1).
  9. Acoustic support system according to claim 8, characterised in that the control device (9) of the central unit (1) is capable of generating control data for a respective selected unit (2) by means of which the sound generator (8) reproduces a current stereophonic signal in function of the current position of the selected unit (2), of the fictive current position of the event to be simulated, and of the current orientation of the selected unit (2).
EP97810979A 1997-01-13 1997-12-15 Acoustic assistance system Revoked EP0854348B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK97810979T DK0854348T3 (en) 1997-01-13 1997-12-15 Acoustic auxiliary system

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5097 1997-01-13
CH50/97 1997-01-13
CH5097 1997-01-13
US09/006,063 US20010012784A1 (en) 1997-01-13 1998-01-12 Acoustic support system

Publications (2)

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EP0854348A1 EP0854348A1 (en) 1998-07-22
EP0854348B1 true EP0854348B1 (en) 2000-03-08

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EP97810979A Revoked EP0854348B1 (en) 1997-01-13 1997-12-15 Acoustic assistance system

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US (1) US20010012784A1 (en)
EP (1) EP0854348B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE190395T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59701217D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0854348T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2143840T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3033251T3 (en)
NO (1) NO980128L (en)
PT (1) PT854348E (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19803337C2 (en) * 1998-01-29 2002-11-21 Dornier Gmbh Procedure for simulating the threat to participants in a military exercise from hand grenades or mines

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2633964C2 (en) * 1976-07-28 1983-09-22 Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg Combat simulation facility
US4487583A (en) * 1981-06-15 1984-12-11 Jaycor Receiver garment for weapons engagement simulation system
JP2689734B2 (en) * 1991-01-09 1997-12-10 ヤマハ株式会社 Sound equipment
US5207579A (en) * 1991-05-22 1993-05-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Antipersonnel training mine
TW218062B (en) * 1991-11-12 1993-12-21 Philips Nv
IE930366A1 (en) * 1993-03-02 1994-09-07 Golden Grid Ltd Improvements in and relating to electronic shooting games

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DE59701217D1 (en) 2000-04-13
NO980128L (en) 1998-07-14
ATE190395T1 (en) 2000-03-15
DK0854348T3 (en) 2000-06-26
ES2143840T3 (en) 2000-05-16
PT854348E (en) 2000-08-31
GR3033251T3 (en) 2000-09-29
US20010012784A1 (en) 2001-08-09
EP0854348A1 (en) 1998-07-22
NO980128D0 (en) 1998-01-12

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