EP0851203A2 - Ballistisch widerstandfähiges Gewebe - Google Patents

Ballistisch widerstandfähiges Gewebe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0851203A2
EP0851203A2 EP97307469A EP97307469A EP0851203A2 EP 0851203 A2 EP0851203 A2 EP 0851203A2 EP 97307469 A EP97307469 A EP 97307469A EP 97307469 A EP97307469 A EP 97307469A EP 0851203 A2 EP0851203 A2 EP 0851203A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibres
fabric
weft
fabric according
warp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP97307469A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0851203A3 (de
Inventor
Michael Pochin Marius Wright
George Michael Fergus Wright
Paul Philip Griffiths
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
M Wright and Sons Ltd
Original Assignee
M Wright and Sons Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by M Wright and Sons Ltd filed Critical M Wright and Sons Ltd
Publication of EP0851203A2 publication Critical patent/EP0851203A2/de
Publication of EP0851203A3 publication Critical patent/EP0851203A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/573—Tensile strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D03D1/0052—Antiballistic fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • D10B2321/022—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/062—Load-responsive characteristics stiff, shape retention
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2507/00—Sport; Military

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in or relating to fabrics, in particular fabrics having physical characteristics suitable for arresting ballistic articles.
  • Such articles typically include fragments of compressor fan blades from aircraft engines such as turbofans.
  • the term 'ballistic article' is also intended to embrace eg; bullets and shells, or fragments thereof.
  • barriers comprised essentially of woven fabrics made of aramid yarns.
  • the woven fabrics are produced in widths of up to 1000mm that are wrapped several times about an annular frame defining eg the periphery of the compressor stage of a turbofan engine.
  • the thus-wound fabric is effectively exposed, on the inner face of the barrier, to the interior of the compressor stage, so that high velocity articles resulting from mechanical failure within the compressor stage tend to be thrown outwardly into the fabric wrap.
  • the fabric absorbs the resulting impulse.
  • aramid fibres possess almost no elasticity yet are flexible and have extremely good tensile strength characteristics.
  • the elongation to failure of an aramid fibre is less than 3%, yet the fibre can withstand huge tensile loads before such failure occurs.
  • a woven fabric consisting of aramid fibres is most unlikely to rupture when it experiences the impulse from a ballistic article in an aircraft engine; yet the energy of such an impulse is successfully absorbed by the woven fabric structure without any significant part of the energy being transferred to the remainder of the engine components.
  • aramid fibres also make them highly suitable as ballistic barriers in eg; flak jackets and bullet-proof vests.
  • a fabric for arresting ballistic articles comprising a woven or interlooped assembly of fibres defining a plurality of elongate interstices containing one or more elongate, substantially inextensible warp yarns extending along each interstice.
  • preferred embodiments of the invention may include warp yarns of e.g. aramid; and weft and (where present) wale yarns of another material not necessarily having low elongation/high strength characteristics.
  • weft and wale yarns may also possess such characteristics and indeed be aramid yarns.
  • KevlarTM An example of an aramid yarn suitable for use in the invention is KevlarTM.
  • the warp fibres are the principal working fibres in the sense of conferring the favourable characteristics of the fabric. Since in the fabric of the invention the warp fibres are not crimped, the low elongation/high strength characteristics of the warp fibres are available almost immediately a ballistic article strikes the fabric.
  • the substantially inextensible warp yarns are or include aramid fibres.
  • aramid fibres such as high density polypropylene fibres and high density polyethylene fibres.
  • the fabric is crocheted.
  • the fabric When the fabric is crocheted, it preferably includes first and second weft fibres, disposed respectively on opposite sides of each or the warp fibre.
  • first and second weft fibres so disposed advantageously assists in defining the elongate interstices.
  • the weft fibres constrain the warp fibres in a first direction and the wale fibres constrain the warp fibres in a second direction generally perpendicular to the first said direction. This feature ensures that the warp fibres remain in their preferred locations, even though in preferred embodiments they are not interlooped with any other fibre.
  • the woven or interlooped assembly comprises substantially inextensible yarns.
  • the substantially inextensible fibres are or include aramid fibres.
  • the use of substantially inextensible fibres for the weft fibres advantageously increases the density of such fibres in the fabric assembly, thereby improving the performance of the fabric.
  • the wales include or are of a substantially inextensible yarn, not least because under conditions of ballistic impact the wales are likely to suffer tensile stresses of comparable magnitude to the warp and weft yarns.
  • the fabric includes a plurality of overlapping widths of weft yarn. This advantageously allows manufacture of the fabric in virtually any width.
  • the count of the or each warp fibre is up to approximately 6000 D'TEX, in particular 1600-2400 D'TEX.
  • the stitch density preferably lies in the range of approximately 4-20 per cm, in particular 9.5 per cm ⁇ 25%; the yarn count of the weft fibres lies in the range of approximately 200-2000 D'TEX, in particular 800-1270 D'TEX; and the yarn count of the wale fibres is up to approximately 1000 D'TEX, in particular 110-330 D'TEX.
  • the invention is also considered to reside in a ballistic article containment barrier for an aircraft engine, including a fabric as defined hereinabove.
  • the invention is considered to reside in a ballistic article containment barrier for a protective garment (such as a flak jacket, bullet-proof vest or safety helmet).
  • a protective garment such as a flak jacket, bullet-proof vest or safety helmet.
  • the step of placing one or more inextensible warp yarns occurs generally contemporaneously with the step of forming a woven or interlooped assembly. This advantageously allows the fabric of the invention to be manufactured on a crocheting machine.
  • the step of crocheting the assembly of fibres includes the step of interlooping the weft and wale yarns only, in order to create the preferred fabric.
  • Manufacture of the fabric may also optionally include the step of disposing first and second weft yarns respectively on opposite sides of each warp fibre. This confers the high density/low elongation properties characteristic of the preferred form of the fabric of the invention.
  • the method includes the step of forming the fabric using a stitch density in the range 4-20 per cm.
  • the invention is considered to reside in an interlooped fabric formed of or comprising a substantially inextensible yarn.
  • Fabric 10 comprises a plurality of generally parallel, aramid warp fibres 11a to 11f, and a corresponding plurality of interwoven, generally mutually parallel weft fibres 12a to 12f extending generally perpendicular to the warp fibres 11a to 11f.
  • the fabric of Figure 2 includes a series of wales 13a to c looped into chains extending generally parallel to one another in the warp direction of the fabric.
  • top and bottom weft fibres 14a and 14b Interlooped with the wale fibres 13a to 13c are respective top and bottom weft fibres 14a and 14b.
  • the upper weft fibre 14a is shown as a solid line and the lower weft fibre 14b as a dotted line.
  • a series of parallel warp yarns 15a, 15b are lain into the elongate interstices denoted generally by reference numeral 16 between adjacent chains of wale yarn 13a, 13b, 13c etc.
  • the warp threads 15a, 15b, etc are not interlooped with any other threads of the fabric. Instead they are constrained within the interstices 16 by virtue of the chains of wale yarn 13a, 13b, 13c constraining their movement from side to side in the plane of Figure 2; and by virtue of the upper 14a and lower 14b weft yarns constraining their movement perpendicular to the plane of Figure 2.
  • the wales such as wale 13 shown, loop around the upper surface the upper weft yarn 14a, and around the lower surface of the lower weft yarn 14b.
  • the wale yarn is looped through itself in a per se known chain repeat, eg. as shown at 13x, 13y, 13z of Figure 3.
  • the downwardly extending portions 113-118 of the wale 13a shown in Figure 3 between them define generally upstanding side wall portions of one of the interstices 16; whereas the upper 14a and lower 14b weft yarns respectively define upper and lower walls thereof.
  • the downwardly extending portions (not visible in Figure 3) of adjacent wale yarns such as yarn 13b of Figure 2 between them also define upstanding side wall portions of the interstices 16, in a like manner to those shown in Figure 3.
  • each warp thread 15a, 15b is supported within the interstice 16 in a completely unkinked condition, ready to absorb energy from an impacting ballistic article.
  • warp threads 15a, 15b etc constitute the principal working fibres of the fabric, they are of enlarged diameter compared with the weft and wale yarns.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a second embodiment of a fabric 10 according to the invention.
  • the fabric 10 is shown in an exploded view, from which the wale yarns have been omitted, for ease of viewing.
  • fabric 10 of Figure 4 would of course be an integral construction including wale yarns (similar or identical to the wale yarns 13 of Figures 2 and 3) binding the warp (15) and weft (14) yarns together.
  • the weft portions of the fabric comprise face weft 50 and back weft 60.
  • the front face 50 comprises a series of overlapping weft widths 50a, 50b, 50c each of a similar construction to the weft 14a of Figure 2.
  • the back face weft 60 comprises a series of overlapping weft widths 60a, 60b each of which is in the embodiment shown of the same width as each of the front face wefts 50a, 50b, 50c.
  • the adjacent widths of back face weft 60 overlap one another, as do the adjacent widths of front face weft 50.
  • the zones of overlapping are misaligned as between the front and back faces.
  • the multiple weft structure defines therewith a plurality of elongate interstices that contain the inextensible warp yarns.
  • the offsetting, or misalignment, of the zones of overlap of the multiple wefts forming the front and back faces confers strength on the fabric.
  • the use of multiple wefts allows the manufacture of a wider fabric than if only single front and back wefts are used.
  • weft widths are limited only by the width of the bed of the crocheting machine employed to make the fabric. Also, it is not essential that the weft widths 50a, 50b etc. and 60a, 60b, etc are all of the same width.
  • interstices 16 using a multi-layered weave instead of a knitted assembly. Such embodiments are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
  • any of the fibres in Figures 2 and 3 and described herein could be replaced by eg high density polypropylene or polyethylene fibres.
  • such fibres may have poorer resistance to high temperatures than aramid fibres, they are generally more stable to ultraviolet light and generally are considerably lighter than the equivalent aramid fibres.
EP97307469A 1996-09-28 1997-09-24 Ballistisch widerstandfähiges Gewebe Withdrawn EP0851203A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9620281 1996-09-28
GB9620281A GB2317622A (en) 1996-09-28 1996-09-28 Anti-ballistic fabric

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0851203A2 true EP0851203A2 (de) 1998-07-01
EP0851203A3 EP0851203A3 (de) 2001-08-01

Family

ID=10800659

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97307469A Withdrawn EP0851203A3 (de) 1996-09-28 1997-09-24 Ballistisch widerstandfähiges Gewebe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0851203A3 (de)
CA (1) CA2216745A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2317622A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000042246A1 (en) * 1999-01-18 2000-07-20 Twaron Products Gmbh Penetration-resistant material comprising fabric with high linear density ratio of two sets of threads

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879654A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-03-31 Duofold Inc Armored undergarment
GB1318534A (en) * 1969-08-16 1973-05-31 Reiners Verwaltungs Gmbh Warp knitting machine
US4615934A (en) * 1985-11-22 1986-10-07 Peabody Abc Corporation Warp knit weft insertion fabric and plastic sheet reinforced therewith
NL9000079A (nl) * 1990-01-11 1991-08-01 Stamicarbon Elementen om bescherming te bieden tegen ballistische inslagen.
DE4119858A1 (de) * 1990-06-18 1991-12-19 Gen Electric Abschirmung gegen projektile
US5456974A (en) * 1993-03-12 1995-10-10 Lundblad; Wayne E. Ballistic resistant article comprising a three dimensional interlocking woven fabric

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3670504A (en) * 1968-02-05 1972-06-20 Collins & Aikman Corp Fabric containment constructions
GB1577149A (en) * 1977-04-19 1980-10-22 Ici Ltd Method of reinforcing and stabilising soil
GB2102849A (en) * 1981-07-06 1983-02-09 Milliken Ind Ltd Improvements in driving belts
EP0212984B1 (de) * 1985-08-22 1990-05-16 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Kettengewirkte räumliche Konstruktion und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
CA2091478C (en) * 1993-03-11 1996-09-24 Claude Barbeau Textile material for outer shell of firefighter garment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879654A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-03-31 Duofold Inc Armored undergarment
GB1318534A (en) * 1969-08-16 1973-05-31 Reiners Verwaltungs Gmbh Warp knitting machine
US4615934A (en) * 1985-11-22 1986-10-07 Peabody Abc Corporation Warp knit weft insertion fabric and plastic sheet reinforced therewith
NL9000079A (nl) * 1990-01-11 1991-08-01 Stamicarbon Elementen om bescherming te bieden tegen ballistische inslagen.
DE4119858A1 (de) * 1990-06-18 1991-12-19 Gen Electric Abschirmung gegen projektile
US5456974A (en) * 1993-03-12 1995-10-10 Lundblad; Wayne E. Ballistic resistant article comprising a three dimensional interlocking woven fabric

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000042246A1 (en) * 1999-01-18 2000-07-20 Twaron Products Gmbh Penetration-resistant material comprising fabric with high linear density ratio of two sets of threads
US6610618B1 (en) 1999-01-18 2003-08-26 Teijin Twaron Gmbh Penetration-resistant material comprising fabric with high linear density ratio of two sets of threads
CZ299419B6 (cs) * 1999-01-18 2008-07-23 Teijin Aramid Gmbh Materiál odolný proti pruniku

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2216745A1 (en) 1998-03-28
EP0851203A3 (de) 2001-08-01
GB2317622A (en) 1998-04-01
GB9620281D0 (en) 1996-11-13

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