EP0846782A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un alliage à base de métal pulvérulent - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'un alliage à base de métal pulvérulent Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0846782A1
EP0846782A1 EP97112427A EP97112427A EP0846782A1 EP 0846782 A1 EP0846782 A1 EP 0846782A1 EP 97112427 A EP97112427 A EP 97112427A EP 97112427 A EP97112427 A EP 97112427A EP 0846782 A1 EP0846782 A1 EP 0846782A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ferro
manganese
carbon
iron
chromium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP97112427A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rohith Shivanath
Peter Jones
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stackpole Ltd
Original Assignee
Stackpole Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stackpole Ltd filed Critical Stackpole Ltd
Priority to EP97112427A priority Critical patent/EP0846782A1/fr
Priority claimed from EP92919641A external-priority patent/EP0610231A1/fr
Publication of EP0846782A1 publication Critical patent/EP0846782A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method or process of forming a sintered article of powder metal, and particularly relates to a process of forming a sintered article of powder metal by blending combinations of finely ground ferro alloys (either singly or in combination with other ferro alloys) of ferro alloys with elemental iron powder and other additives and then high temperature sintering of the article in a reducing atmosphere to produce sintered parts with oxygen contents less than 250 parts per million (ppm). More particularly the ferro alloys admixed to the base iron have a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, having previously been ground to size in a inert atmosphere.
  • Powder metal technology is well known to the persons skilled in the art and generally comprises the formation of metal powders which are compacted and then subjected to an elevated temperature so as to produce a sintered product.
  • United States Patent No. 2,289,569 relates generally to powder metallurgy and more particularly to a low melting point alloy powder and to the usage of the low melting point alloy powders in the formation of sintered articles.
  • United States Patent No. 2,027,763 which relates to a process of making sintered hard metal and consists essentially of steps connected with the process in the production of hard metal.
  • United States Patent No. 2,027,763 relates to a process of making sintered hard metal which comprises producing a spray of dry, finely powdered mixture of fusible metals and a readily fusible auxiliary metal under high pressure producing a spray of adhesive agent customary for binding hard metals under high stress, and so directing the sprays that the spray of metallic powder and the spray of adhesive liquid will meet on their way to the molds, or within the latter, whereby the mold will become filled with a compact moist mass of metallic powder and finally completing the hard metallic particle thus formed by sintering.
  • United States Patent No. 4,707,332 teaches a process for manufacturing structural parts from intermetallic phases capable of sintering by means of special additives which serve at the same time as sintering assists and increase the ductility of the finished structural product.
  • United States Patent No. 4,464,206 relates to a wrought powder metal process for pre-alloyed powder.
  • United States Patent No. 4,464,206 teaches a process comprising the steps of communinuting substantially non-compactible pre-alloyed metal powders so as to flatten the particles thereof heating the communinuted particles of metal powder at an elevated temperature, with the particles adhering and forming a mass during heating, crushing the mass of metal powder, compacting the crushed mass of metal powder, sintering the metal powder and hot working the metal powder into a wrought product.
  • It is an aspect of this invention to provide a process of forming a sintered article of powder metal comprising blending carbon, and ferro alloy powder and lubricant with compressible elemental iron powder, pressing the blended mixture to form the article, and then high temperature sintering the article in a reducing atmosphere or under a vacuum.
  • Another aspect of this invention resides in a process of forming a sintered article of powder metal comprising blending carbon and ferro alloy powder and lubricant with compressible elemental iron powder, pressing the blended mixture to form the article and then high temperature sintering the article in a neutral or reducing atmosphere with a dew point of not higher than minus 20°C or under a vacuum to produce sintered parts which contain typically not more than 250 ppm oxygen.
  • articles are brought to a temperature not greater than 150°C after sintering in a low dew point atmosphere of not higher than minus 30°C.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a process of forming a sintered article of powder metal comprising; selecting elemental iron powder, determining the desired properties of said sintered article and selecting, a quantity of carbon, and a combination of ferro alloy powder from the group of ferro manganese; ferro chromium, ferro molybdenum, ferro vanadium, ferro silicon and ferro boron and selecting the quantity of same; grinding separately each said ferro alloy to a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns and substantially all of said ferro alloy having a particle size of less than 25 microns; introducing a lubricant while blending the carbon, and ferro alloy, with said elemental iron powder; pressing the mixture to form the article; and then high temperature sintering the article at a temperature between 1,250°C and 1,350°C in a neutral atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere such as 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen, so as to produce the sintered article of powdered metal.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide an as-sintered ferrous metal product comprising a compacted and sintered mass composed of a blend of elemental iron, carbon and ferro manganese alloy having a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, subjected to a high temperature sinter so as to result in an as-sintered mass having between 0.3 to 2.5% manganese and between 0.2 to 0.85% carbon composition wherein said product is machined or coined to final dimensional requirements.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a sinter-hardened ferrous metal product comprising a compacted and sintered mass composed of a blend of elemental iron, carbon, and ferro manganese alloy and ferro molybdenum alloy, said ferro manganese and ferro molybdenum alloy hang a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, subjected to a high temperature sinter so as to result in a sinter hardening mass having a up to 1.0 to 2.0% manganese, between 0 to 1.0% molybdenum, and between 0.5 to .85% carbon composition. It has been found that sinter-hardening produces an article which hardens to a hardness greater than HRB 90 in the furnace cooling zone.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a gas quenched ferrous metal product comprising of a blend of elemental iron, carbon, ferro manganese, ferro chromium and ferro molybdenum having a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, subjected to a high temperature sinter and then gas pressure quenching said product at a pressure of for example up to 5 bar so as to result in a hardened sintered mass having between 0.5 to 2.0% manganese, between 0.5 to 1.5% molybdenum between 0 to 1.0% chromium and between 0 to 0.6% carbon composition.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a high strength ferrous metal product comprising compacted and sintered mass composed of a blend of elemental iron powder, carbon, ferro manganese alloy, ferro chromium and ferro molybdenum having a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, subjected to a high temperature sinter which is hardened and tempered to impart high strength, having between 0.5% to 2.0% manganese, between 0.5 to 2.0% chromium, between 0 to 1.0% molybdenum and between 0.1% to 0.6% carbon.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a high ductility ferrous metal product comprising a compacted and sintered mass composed of a blend of elemental iron powder, carbon, ferro chromium and ferro molybdenum alloy having a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns, subjected to a high temperature sinter in a neutral or reducing atmosphere so as to result in a mass having between 0.5 to 2.0% chromium, between 0 to 1.0% molybdenium and between 0.1 to 0.6% carbon composition.
  • It is another aspect of this invention to provide a high ductility ferrous metal product comprising a compacted and sintered mass composed of a blend of elemental iron, carbon, chromium and molybdenum, the ferro alloys having a mean particle size of approximately 8 to 12 microns and subjected to a high temperature sinter.
  • This alloy may be used for further deformation to final dimensional requirements by extrusion, rolling and forging and may be subsequently heat treated for high strength.
  • Figure 1 is a representative view of a mixture of powder metal utilized in the prior art which consists of particles of ferro alloy in powder metal technology.
  • copper and nickel may be used as the alloying materials, particularly if the powder metal is subjected to conventional temperature of up to 1150°C during the sintering process.
  • alloying materials such as manganese, chromium, and molybdenum which were alloyed with iron could be added by means of a master alloy although such elements were tied together in the prior art,
  • a common master alloy consists of 22% of manganese, 22% of chromium and 22% of molybdenum, with the balance consisting of iron and carbon.
  • the utilization of the elements in a tied form made it difficult to tailor the mechanical properties of the final sintered product for specific applications. Also the cost of the master alloy is very high and uneconomic.
  • ferro alloys which consist of ferro manganese, or ferro chromium or ferro molybdenum or ferro vanadium, separately from one another rather than utilizing a ferro alloy which consists of a combination of iron, with manganese, chromium, molybdenum or vanadium tied together a more accurate control on the desired properties of the finished product may be accomplished so as to produce a method having more flexibility than accomplished by the prior art as well as being more cost effective.
  • Figure 2 is a representative drawing of the invention to be described herein, which consists of iron particles, Fe having a mixture of ferro alloys 2.
  • the ferro alloy 2 can be selected from the following groups: Name Symbol Approx. % of Element other than Iron ferro manganese FeMn 78% ferro chromium FeCr 65% ferro molybdenum FeMo 71% ferro vanadium FeVa 75% ferro silicon FeSi 75% ferro boron FeB 17.5%
  • Chromium molybdenum and vanadium are added to increase the strength of the finished product particularly when the product is subjected to heat treatment after sintering.
  • manganese is added to increase the strength of the finished product, particularly if one is not heat treating the product after the sintering stage. The reason for this is manganese is a powerful ferrite strengthener (up to 4 times more effective than nickel).
  • the ferro alloy powders may be ground by a variety of means so long as the mean particle size is between 8 and 12 microns.
  • the ferro alloy powders may be ground in a ball mill, or an attritor, provided precautions are taken to prevent oxidation of the ground particles and to control the grinding to obtain the desired particle size distribution.
  • the particles of ferro alloy enter the classifier wheel 10 where the ferro alloy particles which are too big are returned into the chamber 8 for further grinding while particles which are small enough namely those particles of ferro alloy having a particle size of less than 25 microns pass through the wheel 10 and collect in the collecting zone 12.
  • the grinding of the ferro alloy material is conducted in an inert gas atmosphere as described above in order to prevent oxidization of the ferro alloy material. Accordingly, the grinding mill shown in Figure 4 is a totally enclosed system.
  • the jet mill which is utilized accurately controls the size of the particles which are ground and produces a distribution of ground particles which are narrowly centralized as shown in Figure 3.
  • the classifier wheel speed is set to obtain a D 50 of 8 to 10 microns. The speed will vary with different ferro alloys being ground.
  • the mechanical properties of a produced powder metal product may be accurately controlled by:
  • the lubricant is added in a manner well known to those persons skilled in the art so as to assist in the binding of the powder as well as assisting in the ejecting of the product after pressing.
  • the article is formed by pressing the mixture into shape by utilizing the appropriate pressure of, for example, 25 to 50 tonnes per square inch.
  • the invention disclosed herein utilizes high temperature sintering of 1,250°C to 1,350°C and a reducing atmosphere of, for example nitrogen and hydrogen in a 90/10% ratio, or in vacuum. Moreover, the reducing atmosphere in combination with the high sintering temperature reduces or cleans off the surface oxides allowing the particles to form good bonds and the compacted article to develop the appropriate strength. A higher temperature is utilized in order to create the low dew point necessary to reduce the oxides of manganese and chromium which are difficult to reduce. The conventional practice of sintering at 1150°C does not create a sintering regime with the right combination of low enough dew point and high enough temperature to reduce the oxides of chromium, manganese, vanadium and silicon.
  • Secondary operations such as machining or the like may be introduced after the sintering stage.
  • heat treating stages may be introduced after the sintering stage.
  • manganese, chromium and molybdenum ferro alloys are utilized to strengthen the iron which in combination or singly are less expensive than the copper and nickel alloys which have heretofore been used in the prior art.
  • microstructure of the finished product are improved as they exhibit:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP97112427A 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Procédé de préparation d'un alliage à base de métal pulvérulent Ceased EP0846782A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97112427A EP0846782A1 (fr) 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Procédé de préparation d'un alliage à base de métal pulvérulent

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97112427A EP0846782A1 (fr) 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Procédé de préparation d'un alliage à base de métal pulvérulent
EP92919641A EP0610231A1 (fr) 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Procede de preparation d'un alliage a base de metal pulverulent

Related Parent Applications (1)

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EP92919641A Division EP0610231A1 (fr) 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Procede de preparation d'un alliage a base de metal pulverulent

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EP0846782A1 true EP0846782A1 (fr) 1998-06-10

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2343142A2 (fr) 2009-09-08 2011-07-13 György Dutkay Composition métallurgique en poudre et procédé pour la fabrication d'un produit à base de métallurgie de poudre renforcé de nanofibres

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903354A (en) * 1956-10-16 1959-09-08 Republic Steel Corp Process for improving parts formed by powder metallurgy by addition of spiegeleisen to metal powders
FR1340775A (fr) * 1962-12-12 1963-10-18 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Poudre métallique et objets fabriqués à partir de cette poudre
FR2253101A1 (fr) * 1973-11-29 1975-06-27 Hoeganaes Ab
FR2292543A1 (fr) * 1974-11-30 1976-06-25 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Procede de fabrication de pieces homogenes en acier fritte a teneur en manganese
DE3219324A1 (de) * 1982-05-22 1983-11-24 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von formteilen hoher festigkeit und haerte aus si-mn- oder si-mn-c-legierten staehlen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903354A (en) * 1956-10-16 1959-09-08 Republic Steel Corp Process for improving parts formed by powder metallurgy by addition of spiegeleisen to metal powders
FR1340775A (fr) * 1962-12-12 1963-10-18 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Poudre métallique et objets fabriqués à partir de cette poudre
FR2253101A1 (fr) * 1973-11-29 1975-06-27 Hoeganaes Ab
FR2292543A1 (fr) * 1974-11-30 1976-06-25 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Procede de fabrication de pieces homogenes en acier fritte a teneur en manganese
DE3219324A1 (de) * 1982-05-22 1983-11-24 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe Verfahren zur pulvermetallurgischen herstellung von formteilen hoher festigkeit und haerte aus si-mn- oder si-mn-c-legierten staehlen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2343142A2 (fr) 2009-09-08 2011-07-13 György Dutkay Composition métallurgique en poudre et procédé pour la fabrication d'un produit à base de métallurgie de poudre renforcé de nanofibres

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