EP0846380B1 - Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu - Google Patents

Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0846380B1
EP0846380B1 EP96928529A EP96928529A EP0846380B1 EP 0846380 B1 EP0846380 B1 EP 0846380B1 EP 96928529 A EP96928529 A EP 96928529A EP 96928529 A EP96928529 A EP 96928529A EP 0846380 B1 EP0846380 B1 EP 0846380B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
output
receiver
electronic signal
converted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96928529A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0846380A1 (fr
Inventor
Philip John Smith
Samuel Tennyson Jewell
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British Telecommunications PLC
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British Telecommunications PLC
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Publication date
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Priority to EP96928529A priority Critical patent/EP0846380B1/fr
Publication of EP0846380A1 publication Critical patent/EP0846380A1/fr
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Publication of EP0846380B1 publication Critical patent/EP0846380B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/697—Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D7/00—Transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency-changing
    • H03D7/16—Multiple-frequency-changing
    • H03D7/161—Multiple-frequency-changing all the frequency changers being connected in cascade
    • H03D7/163—Multiple-frequency-changing all the frequency changers being connected in cascade the local oscillations of at least two of the frequency changers being derived from a single oscillator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/66—Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection
    • H04B10/69—Electrical arrangements in the receiver
    • H04B10/693—Arrangements for optimizing the preamplifier in the receiver
    • H04B10/6931—Automatic gain control of the preamplifier

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a receiver for use in an optical network, and in particular to a burst mode digital receiver for use in such a network.
  • the telecommunications network includes a trunk network which is substantially completely constituted by optical fibre, and a local access network which is substantially completely constituted by copper pairs.
  • a trunk network which is substantially completely constituted by optical fibre
  • a local access network which is substantially completely constituted by copper pairs.
  • PON passive optical network
  • a single fibre is fed out from a head-end (exchange), and is fanned out via passive optical splitters at cabinets and distribution points (DPs) to feed optical network units (ONUs).
  • the ONUs can be in customers' premises, or in the street serving a number of customers.
  • the use of optical splitters enables sharing of the feeder fibre and the exchange-based optical line termination (OLT) equipment, thereby giving PONs cost advantages.
  • simplex deployment of PONs is the preferred option, that is to say separate upstream and downstream PONs are provided whereby each customer has two fibres.
  • duplex PONs where one single fibre carries traffic in both directions are also possible.
  • a PON has a four-way split followed by an eight-way split, so that a single head-end fibre can serve up to 32 customers.
  • TPON telephone over a passive optical network
  • TDM time division multiplexed
  • the transmitted frames include both traffic data and control data.
  • Each termination recognises and responds to appropriately-addressed portions of the data in the broadcast frames, and ignores the remainder of the frames.
  • transmission is by time division multiple access (TDMA) where each termination transmits data in a predetermined timeslot, so that the data from the different terminations are assembled into a time division multiple access (TDMA) frame of predetermined format.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • the PON principle has been expanded to form what is known as the SuperPON concept, in which high power optical amplifiers are used to allow very large, high split PONs to be built.
  • optical amplifiers such as fibre amplifiers
  • optical amplifiers can normally only be used on a downstream SuperPON, as the use of amplifiers on an upstream SuperPON would cause noise problems resulting from the superposition of amplified stimulated emissions (ASEs) from the amplifiers.
  • One way of providing amplification in an upstream SuperPON is to replace the last level of split (that is to say the level of split nearest the head-end) by a repeater.
  • This device includes a respective receiver for each incoming branch fibre and a transmitter; the receivers each i converting incoming optical signals to electrical signals, amplifying them, and converting the amplified electrical signals to optical signals for onward transmission by the transmitter.
  • each of the fibres leading to the last level of split is provided with a repeater
  • Binary data consists of two logic levels, logic level '1' lying above and logic level '0' lying below a pre-set logic threshold.
  • Conventional telecommunications data signals often have a mark-space ratio close to unity. In burst mode, this ratio may be much lower (1:100 or less), as a burst of data may be followed by a long period of silence. Bursts of data from different sources may have different amplitudes, and the bursts may be interleaved, in packet form, to share the same transmission channel.
  • Figures 1a and 1b illustrate the differences between conventional data signals and burst mode data signals.
  • a signal which passes through an optical network undergoes attenuation and degradation. Consequently a logic decision threshold must be established at a receiver for the correct identification of each individual bit of data as either a '1' or '0' for subsequent logic processing. It would be desirable, because of its simplicity, to set a constant threshold for all levels of incoming signal. However, if the signal level is varying, a means for automatically altering the threshold may have to be introduced. In the case of a burst mode system, the threshold setting may have to be altered on a burst-by-burst basis, requiring either a very fast acting automatic level detection and threshold setting circuit, or a system with prior knowledge of the level of the incoming bursts which programmes a threshold setting circuit. Clearly, both these approaches lead to some complexity, and often require the use of dc-coupled amplifier stages with consequent problems of drift which may require temperature or other compensation.
  • the aim of the invention is to provide a different method of processing incoming data bursts which avoids the need for altering the logic decision threshold, which can operate with bursts which differ considerably in level, which has a capability for wide dynamic range, and which avoids the need for dc-coupled amplifiers.
  • the present invention provides a burst mode optical digital receiver comprising an opto-electronic detector, up-conversion means for up-converting the frequency of the output of the opto-electronic detector, amplifier means for amplifying the up-converted signal, and down-conversion means for down-converting the frequency of the amplified signal.
  • the up-conversion means is constituted by a first frequency mixer and an oscillator, the oscillator inputting a carrier of predetermined frequency to the first mixer for mixing with the output of the opto-electronic detector.
  • the down-conversion means may be constituted by a second frequency mixer and an oscillator, the oscillator inputting a carrier of predetermined frequency to the second mixer for mixing with the amplified signal.
  • the same oscillator provides the carrier frequency for each of the mixers. For example, if the data rate of the input optical signal is in the region of 300Mbits -1 , the oscillator provides a carrier frequency in the region of 500MHz to each of the mixers.
  • the amplifier means is constituted by a first amplifier, a second amplifier and a signal limiter in series, the first and second amplifiers providing good gain, low noise, good linearity and a bandwidth of approximately 10-1000MHz, and the signal limiter being effective to reduce the range of output pulse amplitudes.
  • the receiver further comprises a first filter positioned upstream of the first mixer, the first filter being effective to remove the effects of signal degradation caused by the detector and of noise at the output of the detector.
  • the receiver may further comprise a second filter positioned downstream of the second mixer, the second filter being effective to reduce noise and out-of-band harmonics produced by the signal limiter.
  • a further amplifier and a third filter are positioned between the second mixer and the second filter, the third filter being effective to introduce over-shoot in the output pulses of the receiver, and the further amplifier being effective to isolate the second and third filters.
  • Figure 2 shows an upstream PON having a head-end receiver 1 connected to a plurality of customer transmitters 2 via a single fibre 3, first level splitter 4, twelve fibres 5 (only one of which is shown), and a downstream multi-level split network indicated generally by the reference numeral 6. Each of the fibres 5 is provided with a receiver/repeater 7. A similar PON (not shown) is provided between a head-end transmitter and customer receivers for downstream transmission.
  • the upstream PON shown is a SuperPON having up to 3500 customer transmitters 2 connected to the head-end receiver 1.
  • each receiver/repeater 7 includes an opto-electronic detector 8 which constitutes a stage 1 (detection) part of the circuit design.
  • the detector 8 is a PINFET receiver, which has the advantages of low cost and low voltage supply.
  • the detector has a sensitivity of about -39dBm and a maximum input power of about -4dBm (BER ⁇ 10 -10 ).
  • the detector 8 could be an avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver, which has the advantage of better sensitivity than a PINFET, but is more expensive.
  • APD avalanche photodiode
  • the input to the detector 8 is an optical signal having a data rate of 300Mbit/s, and the output is an electrical signal which is input to a ZFM-150 mixer (Mini Circuits) 9, which mixes the electrical input signal with a carrier signal at 500MHz.
  • the carrier frequency is provided by a local oscillator 10.
  • the mixer 9 and the local oscillator 10 provide stage 2 (up-conversion) of the circuit design of the receiverirepeater 7.
  • the output of stage 2 is, therefore, an up-converted signal, and this has the advantage of containing no dc components, so that problems involved with dc-level drift and dc amplifier design can be avoided.
  • ac-coupling there is no need for physically large capacitors between the different stages, which results in a more compact design of the receiver/repeater 7.
  • the up-converted signal is input to an amplifier 11, whose output leads to a second ZFM-150 mixer 12.
  • the mixer 12 is also driven by the local oscillator 10, and acts to down-convert the RF signal and recover the amplified bit sequence.
  • the output of the local oscillator 10 is fed to the two mixers 9 and 12 via a power splitter (not shown) with a 6dB insertion loss, requiring a total local oscillator power of 14.5dBm.
  • the amplifier 11 constitutes stage 3 (amplification) of the circuit design, and the mixer 12 constitutes stage 4 (down-conversion).
  • the output of the mixer 12 leads to a transmitter 13 which constitutes stage 5 (transmission) of the circuit design.
  • FIG. 4 shows stages 2, 3 and 4 of the circuit of Figure 3 in greater detail.
  • the amplifier 11 is constituted by an ACT 3532 (Avantek) amplifier 11a, a UPC 2723T (NEC) amplifier 11b and a SL 300 (B&H) signal limiter 11c.
  • This cascaded amplifier 11a, 11b provides good gain, low noise, good linearity and a bandwidth of approximately 10-1000MHz.
  • the amplifier 11b has the additional advantage of variable voltage-controlled gain.
  • a second UCT 2723T amplifier may replace the ACT 3532 amplifier.
  • the signal limiter 11c is used to reduce the range of output pulse amplitudes, and to protect the RF input to the down-conversion mixer 12 from excessive power levels.
  • stages 1 to 4 of the circuit produce amplified pulses having a relatively small range of amplitudes (compared to the range of input pulse amplitudes).
  • the output pulses are then used to trigger a logic threshold, thereby providing pulses of constant amplitude to the transmitter 13 which then acts as a burst mode transmitter.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing the complete receiver/repeater 7.
  • This circuit includes a first low-pass Butterworth filter 14 (300MHz, third order) positioned between the detector 8 and the mixer 9.
  • This filter 14 removes the effects of signal degradation which occurs in the detector 8, as well as any noise present on the input signal to the detector which is slightly exaggerated at the output of the detector.
  • a second low-pass Butterworth filter 15 (300MHz, third order) is positioned between the mixer 12 and the transmitter 13. This filter 15 reduces the effect of noise and the out-of-band harmonics referred to above.
  • the receiver circuit has a sensitivity of -37dBm, and a dynamic range of about 18dB (BER ⁇ 10 -10 ).
  • the dynamic range is limited by the presence of baseline noise or distortion caused by imperfect pulses from the upstream transmitter. For a high amplitude burst, this baseline noise has a greater amplitude than the maximum level of a low amplitude burst.
  • a further amplifier 16 and a third low-pass Butterworth filter 17 (300MHz, fifth order) are positioned between the filter 15 and the transmitter 13. The filter 17 introduces some overshoot in the output pulses, and this forces the output to swing asymmetrically either side of zero volts, so that any base line noise or distortion does not cross the logic threshold. This effect is illustrated in Figures 6a to 6c. As a result, the dynamic range of the receiver/repeater 7 is increased to more than 20dB. It should be noted, however, that, for a given threshold voltage, there is some trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range.
  • the amplifier 16 is needed to isolate the two filters 15 and 17. This may advantageously be a DC coupled circuit or amplifier with very low frequency cutoff rather than the ACT 3532 amplifier illustrated. If the amplifier 16 were not present, any mismatch between the filters 15 and 17 would cause reflections from the filter 17 to be passed back via the filter 15 into the early stages of the receiver/repeater 7 and this would be undesirable.
  • the head-end receiver 1 is of the same basic design as the receiver/repeater 7 described above, but does not include the transmitter 13.
  • the head-end receiver 1 is constituted by the first four stages of the receiver/repeater 7 of Figure 3.
  • the head-end receiver would, however, be provided with a decision circuit positioned at its output. This decision circuit is arranged to decide whether a "1" signal is above the predetermined threshold. Such a decision circuit may also be provided (between the filter 17 and the transmitter 13) in the receiver/repeater 7. It would also be possible for the customer receivers of the downstream PON to be of the same type as the head-end receiver 1. Alternatively, the customer receivers could be standard receivers provided with automatic gain control.
  • receiver/repeater described above could be modified in a number of ways.
  • a receiver/repeater to replace the first level splitter 4.
  • a receiver/repeater of this general type is described in greater detail in the specification of our European patent application 94308676.9. That receiver/repeater has 12 opto-electronic detectors, each of which is attached to one of the fibres 5, and a single transmitter for transmitting a multiplex of upstream signals to the head-end receiver 1.
  • each of the opto-electronic detectors would also be provided with upconversion means, amplifier means and down-conversion means of the type described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Récepteur numérique optique à mode continu comprenant un détecteur optoélectronique (8), des moyens de conversion vers le haut (9, 10) servant à convertir vers le haut la fréquence de la sortie du détecteur optoélectronique, des moyens d'amplification (11) servant à amplifier le signal converti vers le haut et des moyens de conversion vers le bas (10, 12) servant à convertir vers le bas la fréquence du signal amplifié.

Claims (11)

  1. Récepteur de signal optique comprenant :
    un moyen de conversion (8) destiné à convertir un signal optique en un premier signal électronique,
    un moyen de transposition par élévation de fréquence (9, 10) agencé en fonctionnement pour fournir en sortie un signal électronique transposé par élévation de fréquence en réponse audit premier signal électronique,
    un moyen d'amplificateur (11) agencé en fonctionnement pour fournir en sortie un signal électronique amplifié en réponse audit signal électronique transposé par élévation de fréquence, et
    un moyen de transposition par diminution de fréquence (12) agencé en fonctionnement pour fournir en sortie un signal électronique transposé par diminution de fréquence en réponse audit signal électronique amplifié.
  2. Récepteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le moyen de transposition par élévation de fréquence (9, 10) comprend un premier mélangeur de fréquences (9) agencé en fonctionnement pour recevoir en entrée ledit premier signal électronique et un premier signal de porteuse d'une fréquence prédéterminée, et pour mélanger ces signaux afin de fournir ledit signal transposé par élévation de fréquence.
  3. Récepteur selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel le moyen de transposition par diminution de fréquence (12) comprend un second mélangeur de fréquences (12) agencé en fonctionnement pour recevoir en entrée ledit signal électronique amplifié et ledit signal de porteuse et pour mélanger ces signaux afin de fournir ledit signal électronique transposé par diminution de fréquence.
  4. Récepteur selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 3, comprenant en outre un moyen d'oscillateur (10) agencé en fonctionnement pour fournir ledit signal de porteuse.
  5. Récepteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un limiteur de signal (llc) agencé pour recevoir en entrée ledit signal électronique transposé par diminution de fréquence et pour fournir en sortie un signal numérique rationalisé.
  6. Récepteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un premier filtre (14) agencé en fonctionnement pour recevoir en entrée ledit premier signal électronique et pour fournir en sortie un premier signal électronique filtré audit moyen de transposition par élévation de fréquence (9, 10).
  7. Récepteur selon la revendication 5 ou la revendication 6, comprenant en outre un filtre intermédiaire (15) agencé en fonctionnement pour recevoir en entrée ledit signal transposé par diminution de fréquence et pour fournir en sortie un signal transposé par diminution de fréquence filtré et étant efficace pour réduire le bruit et les harmoniques en dehors de la bande produits par ledit limiteur de signal (11c) .
  8. Récepteur selon la revendication 7, comprenant en outre :
    un moyen de filtre de sortie (17), et
    un moyen d'amplificateur de sortie (16) intercalé entre ledit moyen de filtre intermédiaire (15) et le moyen de filtre de sortie (17) afin d'isoler lesdits filtres intermédiaire et de sortie (15, 17),
       dans lequel ledit amplificateur de sortie (16) est agencé en fonctionnement pour fournir en sortie un signal numérique amplifié en réponse audit signal transposé par diminution de fréquence, et
       ledit moyen de filtre de sortie (17) est efficace, en réponse audit signal numérique de sortie, pour introduire un dépassement afin de fournir un signal de sortie transposé par diminution de fréquence amélioré.
  9. Récepteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, comprenant en outre un moyen de filtre de sortie (17) efficace pour introduire, en réponse audit signal transposé par diminution de fréquence, un dépassement afin de fournir un signal transposé par diminution de fréquence amélioré.
  10. Répéteur de signal optique comprenant :
    un récepteur (7) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, et
    un moyen de conversion (13) destiné à convertir le signal fourni en sortie par ledit récepteur en un signal optique.
  11. Procédé de réception d'un signal optique comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    convertir un signal optique en un premier signal électronique,
    transposer par élévation de fréquence ledit signal électronique,
    fournir en sortie un signal électronique transposé par élévation de fréquence en réponse au premier signal électronique,
    amplifier ledit signal électronique transposé par élévation de fréquence,
    fournir en sortie un signal électronique amplifié en réponse audit signal électronique transposé par élévation de fréquence,
    transposer par diminution de fréquence ledit signal électronique amplifié,
    fournir en sortie un signal électronique transposé par diminution de fréquence en réponse audit signal électronique amplifié.
EP96928529A 1995-08-24 1996-08-21 Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu Expired - Lifetime EP0846380B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96928529A EP0846380B1 (fr) 1995-08-24 1996-08-21 Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95305815 1995-08-24
EP95305815 1995-08-24
EP96928529A EP0846380B1 (fr) 1995-08-24 1996-08-21 Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu
PCT/GB1996/002040 WO1997008857A1 (fr) 1995-08-24 1996-08-21 Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0846380A1 EP0846380A1 (fr) 1998-06-10
EP0846380B1 true EP0846380B1 (fr) 2001-03-14

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96928529A Expired - Lifetime EP0846380B1 (fr) 1995-08-24 1996-08-21 Repeteur et recepteur numerique optique a mode continu

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6229634B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0846380B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3880623B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU6826196A (fr)
DE (1) DE69612101T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997008857A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1037417B1 (fr) * 1999-03-17 2006-07-26 Alcatel Méthode de contrôle central d' un terminateur de ligne dans un réseau en forme d' arbre
US6744987B1 (en) * 2000-04-17 2004-06-01 Delphi Technologies, Inc Tertiary optical media interface
US20020027688A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-03-07 Jim Stephenson Fiber optic transceiver employing digital dual loop compensation
GB2375248B (en) * 2001-04-30 2005-05-11 Wireless Systems Int Ltd Analogue and digital signal processing
GB2375246B (en) * 2001-04-30 2005-01-05 Wireless Systems Int Ltd Frequency conversion of signals
US20050175185A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2005-08-11 Peter Korner Audio bandwidth extending system and method
EP1710907A1 (fr) * 2005-04-05 2006-10-11 Siemens Schweiz AG Système de reproduction audio optimisé en puissance
FR2884983A1 (fr) * 2005-04-25 2006-10-27 Thomson Licensing Sa Dispositif de dephasage large bande

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4340975A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-07-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Company, Limited Microwave mixing circuit and a VHF-UHF tuner having the mixing circuit
US5274490A (en) * 1988-01-20 1993-12-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Optical transmitter, optical receiver and optical transmission apparatus and control method of optical receiver
US4949397A (en) * 1988-08-25 1990-08-14 Bell Communications Research, Inc. Detector for optically transmitted television signals
JP2898435B2 (ja) * 1991-05-21 1999-06-02 株式会社エイ・ティ・アール光電波通信研究所 無線リンク用光伝送システム
JPH0775356B2 (ja) * 1991-06-05 1995-08-09 株式会社東芝 光受信器
US5280644A (en) * 1992-12-22 1994-01-18 Motorola, Inc. Frequency control circuit, and associated method, for a receiver operative to receive signals-transmitted thereto in intermittent bursts
ES2076077B1 (es) * 1993-05-31 1997-08-16 Alcatel Standard Electrica Circuito de control de continua en receptores de datos a rafagas.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1997008857A1 (fr) 1997-03-06
JPH11511606A (ja) 1999-10-05
DE69612101D1 (de) 2001-04-19
AU6826196A (en) 1997-03-19
EP0846380A1 (fr) 1998-06-10
US6229634B1 (en) 2001-05-08
DE69612101T2 (de) 2001-09-20
JP3880623B2 (ja) 2007-02-14

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