EP0839891B1 - Process for obtaining aromatic oils having a polycyclic aromatics content of less than 3% which are useful as process oils - Google Patents
Process for obtaining aromatic oils having a polycyclic aromatics content of less than 3% which are useful as process oils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0839891B1 EP0839891B1 EP19970500182 EP97500182A EP0839891B1 EP 0839891 B1 EP0839891 B1 EP 0839891B1 EP 19970500182 EP19970500182 EP 19970500182 EP 97500182 A EP97500182 A EP 97500182A EP 0839891 B1 EP0839891 B1 EP 0839891B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- flow
- mixed extract
- settling
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G21/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents
- C10G21/28—Recovery of used solvent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to a new process for obtaining aromatic oils having a polycyclic aromatic (PCA) compounds content of less than 3% (IP-346), the aromatic oils so obtained and their application as process oils, such as rubber extenders and oils for printing inks.
- The components used in the manufacture of rubber, especially in the application for pneumatic tyres, include aromatic oils.
- At the present time these aromatic oils are obtained as a by-product of the process of solvent extraction (basically using phenol, furfural, and N-methyl pyrrolidone) of vacuum distillates used as a raw material for the manufacture of lubricant base oils. These aromatic oils, also known as DAE (distillate aromatic extracts) have as a main disadvantage their carcinogenicity due to the polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polyaromatic compounds (PAC) which they contain. The latter are found in concentrations very much in excess of 3% (IP-346), the value above which these compounds are regarded as being potentially carcinogenic.
- In order that a process oil should behave efficiently it is essential that it should have suitable miscibility and solvent properties. In the case of rubbers having a significant percentage of aromatic groups, such as styrene-butadiene (SBR), aromatic oils (DAE) having an aromatic hydrocarbons content in excess of 70% (generally in the range 70-85%) are used, but with a PAC content of around 15% by weight (IP-346).
- Another important aspect of the aromatic oils used in the manufacture of rubber is their volatility, which if high leads to the emission of smoke during the manufacturing process.
- On the other hand, the use of aromatic oils in the formulations of printing inks is limited to products that can not be labeled as potentially carcinogenic.
- There is therefore a need to develop low volatility aromatic oils having a lower PAH content and a PAC content (IP-346) below 3% which can replace present oils, eliminating the problem of their potential carcinogenicity.
- As already mentioned, the aromatic oils currently in use are obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of lubricant base oils during solvent extraction of the various vacuum distillates and the deasphalted vacuum bottoms obtained from reduced crude.
- The following are obtained as a result of the extraction process: a flow rich in saturated hydrocarbons having a small solvent content known as mixed raffinate, which is the raw material for the manufacture of lubricant base oils, and a flow known as the mixed extract which mainly consists of solvent and oil rich in aromatic hydrocarbons.
- The mixed extract flow is passed to a system for the recovery of solvent which is recycled to the extraction column, and an aromatic oil is obtained having a composition which depends on the nature of the vacuum distillate, the conditions under which extraction took place and the efficiency of the extraction column.
- In general, for these extracts to be used as a process oil a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons is required, and this is generally above 75% by weight (ASTM D-2007). These aromatic extracts (DAE) obtained from vacuum distillates have a polyaromatic compounds (PAC) content in excess of 3%, with the result that they are regarded as being potentially carcinogenic. The aromatic extracts obtained from deasphalted vacuum bottoms have a PAC content which may be in excess of 3%, but despite this they cannot be regarded as potentially carcinogenic.
- In European patent EP-A-417 980 a process for obtaining oils with a PAC content of less than 3% is described. The process consists of countercurrent reextraction of the primary extract obtained in the manufacture of lubricant base oils. The extract used as a feed to the reextraction column preferably contains not more than 20% by volume of solvent. This process therefore assumes that most of the solvent will be removed, so that it is then added at the reextraction stage. The quantity of additional solvent required varies between 1 and 1.8 times the quantity of extract being treated. On the other hand, in this application there is no reference to other characteristics such as PAH content, mutagenicity index or volatility of the new process oils.
- A process has now been found which can be used to obtain aromatic oils having a PAC content of less than 3% starting from the mixed extract flow obtained in the process for the manufacture of lubricant base oils described above.
- The process according to this invention can bring about a considerable reduction in polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content in accordance with US standard EPA-8270 in comparison with the extracts in the state of the art.
- The products obtained according to the invention are of a predominantly aromatic nature, with an aromatic hydrocarbons + polar compounds content of more than 45% according to ASTM D-2007, and preferably within the range 60 - 90%.
- As a result of the process according to the invention the aromatic oils obtained cease to be regarded as potentially carcinogenic and can be used among other applications as extender oils for rubber or in formulations for printing inks.
- This invention is based on the following grounds:
- 1. The solvents used in the manufacture of lubricant base oils which constitute the majority component of the flow known as the mixed extract are solvents having great selectivity for polyaromatic compounds.
- 2. The selectivity and capacity of a solvent vary with:
- a) The solvent/solute ratio
- b) Temperature: in general, as the temperature decreases selectivity increases and dissolving power decreases.
- c) The addition of anti-solvents which regulate dissolving power and can increase selectivity. A typically used anti-solvent is water.
- d) Use of counter-solvents: these are compounds which act together with the solvent modifying the phase equilibrium. Typical counter-solvents used are e.g. light paraffins.
-
- The advantages of the new process according to this invention in comparison with the said European patent EP-A-417 980 are as follows:
- 1. Direct use of the mixed extract flow with a consequent
reduction in the quantity of additional solvent:
- a) In the case of extract from deasphalted vacuum bottoms no additional solvent is required,
- b) In the case of SN-500 or heavier extracts, the quantity of additional solvent will always be less than 1:1 (with reference to the aromatic oil contained in the mixed extract),
- c) If the extracts are originated from bases of lower viscosity, the quantity of additional solvent will always be less than 1.5:1 (with reference to the aromatic oil contained in the mixed extract) and generally less than 1:1.
- 2. Use of anti-solvents and counter-solvents to improve selectivity for polyaromatic components. In this case the quantity of additional solvent will be greater than when no anti-solvents or modifiers are used.
- 3. Possibility of adding a hydrocarbonated stream with an initial boiling point at atmospheric pressure, greater than 200°C, preferably greater than 300°C, which allows increasing the production capacity of aromatic oils low in PCA content.
- 4. Reextraction of the extracts to obtain process oils should
be performed with the purpose of removing polyaromatic
compounds while maintaining the maximum concentration of
mono and diaromatic compounds. Very low temperature
conditions and solvent/extract ratios may be required in
order to achieve this selectivity, and this might give rise
to hydrodynamic problems in a countercurrent operation with
very aromatic high viscosity extracts. The various modes of
operation described in this invention overcome this
problem:
- a) Non-use of countercurrent extraction for heavier extracts, or
- b) Use of counter-solvents which reduce viscosity and ensure that the countercurrent operation is performed correctly.
- 5. Another advantage of the process according to this invention is excellent characteristics as regards PAH content, mutagenicity index and volatility no reference to which is made in the above mentioned European patent application.
-
- Firstly the invention provides a process for obtaining aromatic oils from the mixed extract flow obtained in the manufacture of lubricant base oils, a flow which contains a polar solvent, preferably of the group comprising phenol, furfural and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably furfural, characterized in that it comprises the stages of:
- a) cooling the flow of mixed extract to render non-polyaromatic components insoluble,
- b) settling to bring about separation of the phases,
- c) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step b) to a solvent recovery system,
- d) total or partial redissolution in solvent of the light phase obtained from the settling in stage b),
- e) cooling to effect separation of the non-polyaromatic components,
- f) settling to bring about separation of the phases,
- g) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step f) to the solvent recovery system of step c)
- h) recovering the light phase having a low polyaromatic compounds content obtained from the settling in step f),
- i) passing said light phase to a system for the recovery of the solvent, and
- j) recycling the solvent recovered in steps c), g) and i) to the process.
-
- Secondly , the invention provides a process for obtaining aromatic oils with a polycyclic aromatic compounds content of less than 3% (IP-346) from the mixed extract flow, originating from the solvent extraction of a deasphalted vacuum bottom, obtained in the manufacture of lubricant base oils, a flow which contains a polar solvent in a rate between 70 and 95 %, preferably of the group comprising phenol, furfural and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably furfural, characterized in that it comprises the stages of:
- a) cooling the flow of mixed extract to render non-polyaromatic components insoluble,
- b) settling to bring about separation of the phases,
- c) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step b) to a solvent recovery system,
- d) passing directly the light phase obtained in step b) to a system for the recovery of the solvent, and
- e) recycling the solvent recovered in steps c) and d) to the process.
- f) Lower viscosity than, but volatility similar to the aromatic oils in the state of the art,
- g) Aromatic hydrocarbons + polar compounds content more than 45% (ASTM D-2007) and preferably in the range 60 - 90%.
-
- Aromatic oils which can be regarded as being without carcinogenic potential, obtained in accordance with the process of the first or second feature of the invention from aromatic extracts obtained from vacuum distillates or deasphalted bottoms, have the following characteristics:
- a) Viscosity at 100°C within the range 2 - 70 cSt,
- b) Viscosity indexes generally below 75 in oils having a viscosity of more than 12 cSt (100°C),
- c) PAC content less than 3% by weight (IP-346),
- d) Lower polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) content (US EPA-8270) than the aromatic extracts in the state of the art,
- e) Mutagenicity index according to the modified Ames test (ASTM E-1687-95) very much less than 1,
-
- Said low PAC content aromatic oils which can be regarded as being without carcinogenic potential, obtained according to the invention, can be used as process oils such as extenders for rubber, and oils for printing inks.
- Rubbers having a high percentage of aromatic groups, such as styrene-butadiene rubbers, can be extended with the aromatic oils obtained according to the invention.
- In the process according to the invention an anti-solvent, for example water, can optionally be added to the flow of starting mixed extract in order to increase selectivity for PCAs, in quantities between 0.5 and 10%, preferably between 0.5 and 5% and in particular between 1 and 2.5%.
- An important aspect of the process according to the invention is that the quantity of additional solvent in relation to the flow of the hydrocarbon phase in the mixed extract flow is always less than 1.5:1 and preferably less than 1:1.
- In addition to this, and optionally, part of the solvent contained in the flow of starting mixed extract can be removed before the cooling stage in order to achieve an approximately 50% distribution of solvent in the stages prior to settling, or add a hydrocarbonated phase with an initial boiling point (IBP) greater than 200°C, preferably greater than 300°C, to regulate the solvent/solute rate and increase the production capacity of aromatic oils with a PCA content below 3%.
- Likewise, and optionally, a counter-solvent can be added before the first cooling stage in order to increase the selectivity of the solvent contained in the mixed extract flow. Preferably the said counter-solvent may be a hydrocarbon flow with a maximum boiling point of less than 160°C, preferably less than 140°C.
- The cooling temperature prior to the settling stages lies within the range 10 - 90°C, preferably within the range 10 - 60°C and in particular within the range 20 - 50°C.
- In the case of aromatic extracts originating from deasphalted vacuum bottoms it may not be necessary to add additional solvent.
- The process according to the invention can be better understood with reference to the following detailed description thereof in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a flow diagram of the process according to the state of the art for obtaining aromatic oils as by-products in the production of lubricant base oils during the solvent extraction of various vacuum distillates and the deasphalted vacuum bottom obtained from reduced crude.
- Figure 2 is a flow diagram of the process according to this invention for obtaining aromatic oils with a PAC content of less than 3% from the flow of mixed extract according to the state of the art, in which the process is based on the alternatives of reducing the temperature of the mixed extract flow and the optional addition of an anti-solvent, or of a hydrocar-bonated stream with IBP greater than 200°C.
- Figure 3 is a flow diagram of the process according to the invention for obtaining the said aromatic oils, in which the process is based on the alternatives of reducing the temperature of the mixed extract flow and adding a counter-solvent.
- For comparative purposes Figure 1 shows a flow diagram of the process according to the state of the art used for the production of aromatic extracts.
- With reference to the said Figure 1, vacuum distillate (2) and extraction solvent (1) are placed in countercurrent contact in column C-1. The most frequently used solvents are: phenol, furfural and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Solvent (1), which is of greater density, is added to the column at a point close to the top, and distillate (2), of lower density, is introduced at a point close to the bottom. The extraction column may be of various types although one of the most widely used is a mechanically stirred column. In the zone between the two inlet points, countercurrent contact takes place between the solvent and the vacuum distillate. As the solvent flows down the column it will become richer in the aromatic components for which it is most selective. At the same time the rising hydrocarbon flow becomes enriched in saturated hydrocarbons. In general the column operates with a certain temperature gradient which makes it possible to achieve a greater efficiency in the flow which is rich in saturated hydrocarbons. For this purpose part of the descending flow (4) is removed from the column, generally at a point below that at which vacuum distillate enters, and is cooled in an external exchanger (E-1) returning to the column (C-1) via (5).
- The extraction process yields a flow rich in saturated = hydrocarbons with a small solvent content (3), known as mixed raffinate, which passes to the recovery system (SR-O) and constitutes the starting material for the manufacture of lubricant base oils, and a flow known as the mixed extract (6), which is predominantly made up of solvent and oil rich in aromatic hydrocarbons.
- The flow of mixed extract (6) is passed to a solvent recovery system (SR-3) which recycles to the extraction column (C-1) and an aromatic oil (28) is obtained whose composition depends on the nature of the vacuum distillate, the conditions under which extraction took place and the efficiency of the extraction column.
- The aromatic extracts obtained in accordance with this process according to the state of the art have a polyaromatic compounds (PAC) content of more than 3%, as a result of which they are regarded as being potentially carcinogenic.
- With reference now to Figure 2, this shows the flow diagram of the process according to the invention based on cooling of the starting mixed extract flow and the optional addition of an anti-solvent, or of a hydrocarbonated stream with IBP greater than 200°C.
- Specifically, Figure 2 shows a flow diagram of the process according to the invention for obtaining aromatic oils having a PAC content of less than 3% from the mixed extract flow according to the state of the art (6) by cooling in E-2 (and optionally by the addition of water, or of a hydrocarbonated stream with IBP greater than 200°C (7)), and settling in D-1. The light phase (12) obtained in D-1 is mixed with additional solvent at a higher temperature (14) to achieve satisfactory contact between the phases in mixer M-2 and partial or total redissolution. The new flow, 16, is again cooled in exchanger E-4 and is fed to settler D-2 where a new light phase (18) separates out and is sent to a solvent recovery system (SR-2). Flow (22), which is solvent-free, has a PAC content of less than 3% by weight.
- If the flow of mixed extract is originated from the solvent extraction of a deasphalted vacuum bottom, then the light phase obtained in settler D-1 can be passed directly to solvent recovery (SR-2), as this flow has a PAC content of less than 3%.
- Optionally the flow of mixed extract (6) can be passed to a solvent recovery system (SR-1) to remove some of the solvent before the stage of cooling and settling in D-1. The solvent removed in SR-1 is passed together with the additional solvent required for mixing with the light flow from D-1 for further reextraction and settling in D-2.
- Flow (6) leaves column C-1 at a temperature which generally varies within the range 50 - 115°C. This flow has a solvent content which likewise varies within the range 70 - 95%, most frequently being 80-85%. The oil contained in this flow has a polyaromatic hydrocarbons content which varies within the range 4 - 30%. This flow is cooled to a temperature within the range 10 - 90°C, preferably 20 - 50°C, in exchanger E-2. The cold flow from E2 is passed to settler D-1, where a light phase (12) having a low solvent content and a PAC content in the range 0.5 - 10%, fundamentally depending on the type of vacuum distillate (2), separates out. The light flow leaving D-1 is mixed (M-2) with solvent at a higher temperature within the range 30 - 160°C to dissolve most of the hydrocarbon components and is again cooled to the desired settling temperature, generally within the range 10 - 90°C and preferably within the range 20 - 50°C, in exchanger E-4. The cold flow (17) is passed to settler D-2 where a light phase (18) having a low solvent and polyaromatic compounds content again separates out. Flow (18) is passed to system SR-2 for the removal of the solvent. Optionally, an anti-solvent (7) or a hydrocarbonated fraction with IBP greater than 200°C (7), may be added to the mixed extract flow, which, in order to simplify, have both been considered as the same stream in fig. 2.
- With reference now to Figure 3, this illustrates the process according to the invention based on cooling of the starting mixed extract flow and the addition of a counter-solvent.
- Specifically, Figure 3 shows the flow diagram for the process based on temperature reduction, the addition of a counter-solvent and reextraction.
- A counter-solvent (7) is added to the flow of mixed extract (6), and the resulting flow is cooled in exchanger E-2. The resulting flow (9) is passed to a mixer M-1 in order to achieve a satisfactory level of contact between the phases and then to a settler, D-1, where the phases separate out. The light phase (12) is mixed with additional solvent (14) in a mixer M-2, and is again cooled in exchanger E-4, from which it passes to settler D-2. The light phase (18) leaving D-2 is passed to a system SR-2 for the recovery of solvent and counter-solvent which are recycled to the process and a flow (22) having a PAC content of less than 3% is obtained.
- If the flow of mixed extract originates from the solvent extraction of a deasphalted vacuum bottoms then the light phase obtained in settler D-1 can be passed directly to solvent recovery SR-2 if its PAC content is less than 3%.
- Optionally the flow of mixed extract (6) can be passed to a solvent recovery system (SR-1) to remove part of the solvent before the stage of cooling and settling in D-1. The solvent removed in SR-1 is passed together with the additional solvent required for mixing with the light flow from D-1 for further reextraction and settling in D-2. Optionally the system comprising M-2, E-4 and D-2 may be replaced by countercurrent extraction.
-
Flow 6 leaves column C-1 at a temperature which generally varies within the range 50 - 115°C. This flow has a solvent content which likewise varies within the range 70 - 95%, most frequently being 80 - 85%. The oil contained in this flow has a polyaromatic hydrocarbons content which varies within the range 4 - 30%. - A counter-solvent such as a light paraffin, e.g. n-heptane (7), is added to this flow and the mixture is cooled to a temperature within the range 10 - 90°C, preferably 20 - 50°C, in exchanger E-2. Optionally flow (7) may be added after the cooling stage in E-2. The cold flow from E-2 passes to mixer M-1 in order to achieve satisfactory contact between the phases and is passed to settler D-1 where a light phase consisting of solvent, counter-solvent and a mixture of hydrocarbons having a PAC content in the range 0.5 - 15%, depending fundamentally on the nature of
vacuum distillate 2, separates out. The light flow leaving D-1 is mixed (M-2) with solvent previously cooled in E-3 to a temperature below the boiling point of the most volatile component, preferably 30 - 50°C. Optionally it can be cooled again in exchanger E-4 to the desired settling temperature, generally within the range 15 - 90°C and preferably within the range 15 - 50°C. Flow (17), which is cold, is passed to settler D-2 where a light phase (18) consisting of counter-solvent, solvent and a mixture of hydrocarbons having a low polyaromatic compounds content again settles out and is passed to system SR-2 to remove solvent and counter-solvent. - The process according to the invention will now be described with reference to the following examples which are offered purely by way of illustration. Examples 4 and 5 are included in the present description for information purposes only.
- This example includes the results obtained in the treatment of the mixed extract flow (6) obtained from furfural extraction to obtain SN-600. The outlet temperature of this flow was 85 - 95°C. The flow was cooled at different temperatures in E2 and settled in D-1. The light flow from D-1 was mixed with additional furfural at a higher temperature in M-2. The resulting flow (16) was cooled to the same temperature as in E-2 and settled in D-2. The results obtained were:
- These results indicate the advantage of cooling to the minimum temperature possible in E-2 and E-3. A product having a similar PAC content is obtained at 40 and 50°C, but the yield at 40°C is seven points higher than that obtained by cooling and reextracting at 50°C. Likewise, the product obtained at 40°C is more aromatic that that obtained at 50°C.
- This example includes the results obtained from the treatment of the
mixed extract flow 6 obtained from the furfural extraction of deasphalted vacuum bottoms. The outlet temperature of this flow was 100 - 110°C. The flow was cooled to different temperatures in E2 and settled in D-1. The light flow from D-1 had a PAC content of less than 3% once the solvent had been removed, and it was not reextracted for this reason.Experiment no. 3 4 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 92.1 92.2 Refractive index of the hydrocarbon phase at 60°C 1.5483 1.5484 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 5.4 5.5 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 50 Yield of raffinatein D-1, % w/w 54.7 47.1 Analysis of the raffinate in D-1 Furfural content, % w/w 11.9 12.8 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5260 1.5235 Density at 70/4°C 0.9339 0.9306 Aniline point, °C 74.8 78.0 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 59.21 58.35 Viscosity at 40°C, cSt 2450 2208 Viscosity index 48 55 Pour point, °C, ASTM D-97 +15 +18 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 1.1 0.9 Sulphur, % w/w, ASTM D-4294 3.62 3.49 Hydrocarbon composition, ASTM D-2007 Saturated hydrocarbons, % w/w 14.8 15.9 Polar compounds, % w/w 9.6 10.2 Aromatic hydrocarbons, % w/w 75.6 73.9 - These results show the advantage of cooling to the minimum possible temperature in E-2. A product having a similar PAC content is obtained at 40 and 50°C, but the yield at 40°C is seven points greater than that obtained by cooling and reextracting at 50°C. Likewise the product obtained at 40°C is more aromatic that that obtained at 50°C.
- This example includes the results obtained from the treatment of the mixed extract flow, 6, obtained from furfural extraction to obtain a SN-150 base oil. The outlet temperature of this flow was 80°C. The flow was cooled to 40°C in E2 and settled in D-1. The light flow from D-1 was mixed with additional furfural at a higher temperature in M-2. The resulting
flow 16 was cooled to the same temperature as in E-2 and settled in D-2. The results obtained were:Experiment no. 5 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 81.1 Refractive index of the original extract at 70°C 1.5389 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 22 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 Yield of raffinate (*) in D-1, % w/w 33.0 Analysis of the raffinate in D-1 Furfural content, % w/w 10.4 Refractive index at 70°C 1.4900 Density at 70°C 0.8806 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 5.8 Reextraction of the light phase from D-1 Ratio of furfural/light phase from D-1 (w/w) 2.4/1 Separation temperature in D-2, °C 40 Yield of raffinate (*) in D-2 % w/w 78.4 Analysis of the raffinate from D-2 Furfural content, % w/w 6.8 Refractive index at 70°C 1.4782 Density at 70/4°C 0.8631 Aniline point, °C 79.4 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 5.23 Viscosity at 40°C cSt 33.38 Viscosity index 80 PAC content, % w/w 2.5 Pour point, °C, ASTM D-97 +15 Sulphur, % w/w, ASTM D-4294 1.76 Hydrocarbon composition, ASTM D-2007 Saturated hydrocarbons, % w/w 46.9 Polar compounds, % w/w 1.0 Aromatic hydrocarbons, % w/w 52.1 OVERALL YIELD 25.9 - This example includes the results obtained in treatment of the mixed extract flow, 6, obtained from furfural extraction to obtain SN-600. In this case the results obtained by cooling and reextracting at 40°C are compared with those obtained under similar conditions but with the addition of water to the
flow 6. The results obtained were:Experiment no. 6 7 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 85.9 85.9 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5640 1.5640 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 16 16 Water added, % w/w (with reference to furfural) 0 1.6 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 40 Yield of raffinate ( ) in D-1, % w/w 35.0 44.3 Analysis of the raffinate from D-1 Furfural content, % w/w 10.8 11.7 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5179 1.5243 PAC content, % w/w 3.5 4.7 Reextraction of the light phase from D-1 Ratio of furfural/light phase D-1, w/w 0.9/1 1.7/1 Separation temperature in D-2 40 40 Raffinate yield ( ) in D-2, % w/w 92.5 86.0 Analysis of the raffinate from D-2 Furfural content, % w/w 10.7 11.0 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5135 1.5170 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 19.35 20.60 Viscosity at 70°C, cSt 63.30 69.92 Viscosity index 34 26 Density at 70/4°C 0.9138 0.9185 Aniline point, °C 72.8 70.0 PCAs, % w/w 2.7 2.8 Overall yield 32.4 38.1 - These results show that the addition of water to the mixed extract from column C-1 (1.6% with respect to solvent) produces an increase of 5 to 6 points in yield of raffinate from D-2 with a PAC content of less than 3%.
- This example includes the results obtained from the treatment of the mixed extract flow, 6, obtained from furfural extraction to obtain SN-600. In this case the results obtained by cooling and reextracting at 40°C are compared with those obtained under similar temperature conditions but with the addition of a counter-solvent prior to cooling in E-2. The results obtained were:
Experiment no. 1 8 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 85.1 85.1 Refractive index of the hydrocarbon phase at 60°C 1.5574 1.5574 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 16 16 Added heptane (ratio of heptane/mixed extract, w/w) --- 0.15/1 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 40 Yield of raffinate in D-1, % w/w 43.7 61.0 Analysis of the raffinate from D-1 Furfural + n-heptane content, % w/w 12.0 52.5 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5143 1.5260 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 4.1 4.8 Reextraction of the light phase from D-1 Ratio of furfural/light phase D-1, w/w 0.73/1 1.15/1 Separation temperature in D-2, °C 40 40 Raffinate yield (*) in D-2, % w/w 93.2 88.3 Analysis of the raffinate from D-2 Furfural + n-heptane content, % w/w 10.7 48.5 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5124 1.5182 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 18.75 20.29 Viscosity at 70°C, cSt --- 67.40 Viscosity index 48 33 Density at 70/4°C 0.9154 0.9210 Aniline point, °C 72.6 66.8 PCAs, % w/w 2.4 2.9 Overall yield 40.7 53.9 - These results show that an increase in yield of approximately 13 points of product having a PAC content of less than 3% is obtained by adding a counter-solvent such as n-heptane to the mixed extract leaving C-1.
- This example includes the results obtained from the treatment of the mixed extract flow, 6, obtained from furfural extraction to obtain SN-600. In this case the results obtained by cooling and reextracting at 40°C are compared with those obtained under similar temperature conditions but with removing part of the furfural from the
flow 6 in SR-1 before cooling in E-2 and reextracting the light phase from D-1 with additional furfural in order to make up the total furfural/extract ratio used in example 1.Experiment no. 1 9 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 85.0 85.0 Furfural content of the flow entering E-2 85.0 75.1 Refractive index of the hydrocarbon phase at 60°C 1.5574 1.5574 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 16 16 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 40 Yield of raffinate (*) in D-1, % w/w 43.7 58.3 Analysis of the raffinate from D-1 Furfural content, % w/w 12.01 13.2 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5165 1.5281 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 4.1 5.8 Reextraction of the light phase from D-1 Separation temperature in D-2, °C 40 40 Furfural/mixed raffinate, w/w 0.73/1 5.8/1 Raffinate yield () in D-2, % w/w 93.2 67.7 Analysis of the raffinate from D-2 Furfural content, % w/w 10.7 10.7 Refractive index at 60°C 1.5124 1.5099 Density at 70/4°C 0.9154 0.9094 Aniline point, °C 72.6 74.8 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 18.75 18.05 Viscosity at 70°C, cSt 58.85 56.41 Viscosity at 40°C. cSt 328.0 313.18 Viscosity index 48 46 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 2.4 1.8 HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION, ASTM D-2007 Saturated hydrocarbons, % w/w 23.5 --- Polar compounds, % w/w 5.3 --- Aromatic hydrocarbons, % w/w 71.2 --- Overall yield of low PAC content raffinate, % w/w 40.7 39.5 - These results show that distribution of the solvent into equal parts in D-1 and D-2 makes it possible to obtain a raffinate with a reduced PAC content without the need to use additional solvent.
- This example contains the results obtained in the treatment of the flow of
mixed extract 6, resulting from the extraction with furfural to obtain SN-600. In this case, the results obtained by cooling and re-extracting at 40°C are compared with ones obtained in similar conditions of temperature but adding a hydrocarbonated stream with IBP greater than 200°C to the flow ofmixed extract 6, before cooling at E-2 and extracting the light phase from D-1 with additional furfural to reduce the PCA content to below 3%.Experiment no. 1 10 Furfural content of the mixed extract flow, % w/w 85.0 85.0 Added hydrocarbonated stream (w/w mixed extract) 0 0.105/1 I. Refraction at 60°C of the hydrocarbon phase 1.5574 1.5271 PAC content of the hydrocarbon phase, % w/w, IP-346 16 11.1 Separation temperature in D-1, °C 40 40 Yield of raffinatein D-1, % w/w 43.7 70.8 Analysis of the raffinate from D-1 Furfural content, % w/w 12.01 8.0 I. Refractive index at 60°C 1.5165 1.4987 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 4.1 3.1 Reextraction of the light phase from D-1 Separation temperature in D-2, °C 40 40 Furfural/mixed raffinate, w/w 0.73/1 0.5/1 Raffinate yield (*) in D-2, % w/w 93.2 96.8 Analysis of the raffinate from D-2 Furfural content, % w/w 10.7 7.1 I. Refractive index at 60°C 1.5124 1.4972 Density at 70/4°C 0.9154 0.8885 Aniline point, °C 72.6 91.4 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt 18.75 15.11 Viscosity at 40°C, cSt 328.0 200.2 Viscosity index 48 67 PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 2.4 2.5 HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION, ASTM D-2007 Saturated hydrocarbons, % w/w 23.5 46.1 Polar compounds, % w/w 5.3 4.0 Aromatic hydrocarbons, % w/w 71.2 49.9 Overall yield of low PAC content raffinate, % w/w 40.7 68.6 - These results prove that the addition of a hydrocarbonated stream (IBP greater than 200°C) allows increasing the production of aromatic oil with low PCA content without notable inrease of furfural required in the re-extraction of the raffinate obtained in the first settling step.
- Analyses of an oil B obtained from a mixed SN-600 extract according to this invention are shown in the table below. In this table the results of the analyses are compared with those for an extract from the state of the art (A).
- The results of the analyses of an oil D obtained from a mixed deasphalted vacuum bottoms extract according to this invention are shown. The results are compared with those corresponding to an extract from the state of the art (C).
SN-600 extract Deasphalted oil extract OIL A B C D PAC content, % w/w, IP-346 16 2.6 5.5 1.5 Mutagenicity index (MI) (modified Ames test) >1 0.2 --- 0 Viscosity at 100°C, cSt, ASTM D-445 33.6 19.54 71.02 51.22 Flash point, open cup, °C, ASTM D-92 276 278 302 318 Loss on evaporation, 3 0.04 hours, 163°C, % w/w 0.01 0.04 0.01 Hydrocarbon composition, ASTM D-2007 Saturated hydrocarbons, % w/w 10.7 26.5 13.9 23.2 Polar compounds, % w/w 11.0 5.7 12.1 10.5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, % w/w 78.3 67.8 74 66.3 DISTILLATION, modified ASTM D-2887 IBP 378 382 464 483 5% 435 442 507 515 50% 500 506 584 584 90% 547 548 661 662 95% 562 561 682 685 FBP 599 596 725 726 -
- One of the objectives of this invention is to develop aromatic oils having a low PAC content which will not be regarded as potentially carcinogenic for application as rubber extenders.
- Three samples of rubber using a typical formulation for tyres have been prepared with a view to comparing the properties of rubbers formulated using these oils with a low PAC content and rubbers formulated with aromatic oils having a high PAC content.
FORMULATION Component Parts by weight SBR 1502 (Krylene 1502) 60 High cis polybutadiene (PB 1202) 40 N-234 carbon black (ISAF-HS) 70 Aromatic oil 40 Zinc oxide 3 Stearic acid 2 Santoflex 13 (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine) 1 HS antioxidant (Poly(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline)) 2 Redezon (Repsol antiozone wax) 3 Rubenamide C™ (N-cyclohexylbenzothiacyl-sulphenamide) 1 Sulphur 1.75 - Three samples were prepared, each with one type of oil (A, B, D) in a cylinder mixer 30 cm long having a friction ratio of 1:1.14. The same order of addition and the same mixing time were used in the preparation of the samples. The vulcanization temperature was 150°C in all three cases.
- The table below includes the properties of the vulcanizates:
Mixtures Mixture A Mixture B Mixture D Oil used A B D Property Shore hardness A 51.0 51.9 52.7 Resilience, % 30 30 28.5 100% deformation force, MPa 1.13 1.17 1.10 300% deformation force, MPa 4.50 4.67 4.23 500% deformation force, MPa 10.51 10.75 9.41 Tensile strength, MPa 16.31 16.32 17.14 Elongation on fracture, % 694 680 769 Tear resistance, N 55.3 53.7 57.2 - These results show that when state-of-the-art oil (A) is replaced by oils obtained in accordance with this invention (B, D) rubbers with very similar properties are obtained. Nevertheless, it is not the purpose of this patent to provide a formulation, but only to compare the rubbers formulated under identical conditions using state-of-the-art oils and those obtained in accordance with this invention.
Claims (11)
- Process for obtaining aromatic oils with a polycyclic aromatic compounds content of less than 3% (IP-346) from the mixed extract flow obtained in the manufacture of lubricant base oils, a flow which contains a polar solvent in a rate between 70 and 95 %, preferably of the group comprising phenol, furfural and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably furfural, characterized in that it comprises the stages of:a) cooling the flow of mixed extract to render non-polyaromatic components insoluble,b) settling to bring about separation of the phases,c) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step b) to a solvent recovery system,d) total or partial redissolution in solvent of the light phase obtained from the settling in stage b),e) cooling to effect separation of the non-polyaromatic components,f) settling to bring about separation of the phases,g) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step f) to the solvent recovery system of step c)h) recovering the light phase having a low polyaromatic compounds content obtained from the settling in step f),i) passing said light phase to a system for the recovery of the solvent, andj) recycling the solvent recovered in steps c), g) and i) to the process.
- Process for obtaining aromatic oils with a polycyclic aromatic compounds content of less than 3% (IP-346) from the mixed extract flow, originating from the solvent extraction of a deasphalted vacuum bottom, obtained in the manufacture of lubricant base oils, a flow which contains a polar solvent in a rate between 70 and 95 %, preferably of the group comprising phenol, furfural and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, preferably furfural, characterized in that it comprises the stages of:a) cooling the flow of mixed extract to render non-polyaromatic components insoluble,b) settling to bring about separation of the phases,c) conducting the heavy phase obtained from the settling in step b) to a solvent recovery system,d) passing directly the light phase obtained in step b) to a system for the recovery of the solvent, ande) recycling the solvent recovered in steps c) and d) to the process.
- Process according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that an antisolvent such as water is added to the starting mixed extract flow to increase selectivity for polyaromatic compounds.
- Process according to claim 3, characterized in that the quantity of anti-solvent added varies between 0.5 and 10%, and preferably between 0.5 and 5% and especially between 1 and 2.5%.
- Process according to Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the quantity of additional solvent in relation to the flow of the hydrocarbon phase in the mixed extract flow is always less than 1.5:1 and preferably less than 1:1.
- Process according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that some of the solvent contained in the mixed extract flow is removed before the cooling stage in order to achieve an approximately 50%. distribution of solvent in the stages prior to settling.
- Process according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a hydrocarbon stream, having an initial boiling point at 101 kPa (760 mm) Hg greater than 200°C, preferably greater than 300°C, is added to the starting mixed extract flow to regulate the solvent/solute rate and increase the production capacity.
- Process according to claim 7, characterized in that the added hydrocarbon stream is a product obtained in any of the vaccuum destilation processes of the atmospheric residue, extraction with solvent, dewaxing or deasphalting.
- Process according to Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that a counter-solvent is added before the first cooling stage to increase the selectivity of the solvent contained in the mixed extract flow.
- Process according to Claim 9, characterized in that the counter-solvent is a hydrocarbon flow with a maximum boiling point of less than 160°C, preferably less than 140°C.
- Process according to any one of Claims 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 9, characterized in that the cooling temperature before the settling stages lies within the range 10 - 90°C, preferably within the range 10 - 60°C and in particular within the range 20 - 50°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES9602311A ES2122917B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1996-10-31 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AROMATIC OILS WITH A CONTENT IN POLYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LESS THAN 3% USEFUL AS AN EXTENSIVE RES OF RUBBER. |
ES9602311 | 1996-10-31 | ||
ES9702226 | 1997-10-28 | ||
ES9702226A ES2137123B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1997-10-28 | IMPROVEMENTS INTRODUCED IN THE PURPOSE OF MAIN PATENT 9602311, FILED ON OCTOBER 31, 1996, ON: A PROCESS FOR OBTAINING AROMATIC OILS WITH A CONTENT IN POLYCLICAL AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LESS THAN 38 " |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0839891A2 EP0839891A2 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
EP0839891A3 EP0839891A3 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
EP0839891B1 true EP0839891B1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
Family
ID=26155000
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19970500182 Expired - Lifetime EP0839891B1 (en) | 1996-10-31 | 1997-10-30 | Process for obtaining aromatic oils having a polycyclic aromatics content of less than 3% which are useful as process oils |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0839891B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9715050A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69729526T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2224215T3 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9758650B1 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2017-09-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US9757987B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2017-09-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US9764594B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2017-09-19 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10563050B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2020-02-18 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10711120B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2020-07-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
US10947368B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2021-03-16 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11440350B2 (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2022-09-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11879055B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2024-01-23 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Non-active sulfur containing functional silanes for silica compounds |
Families Citing this family (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6103808A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-08-15 | Bridgestone Corporation | High aromatic oil and rubber composition and oil extended synthetic rubber using the same |
US6399697B1 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2002-06-04 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Process oil, process for producing the same and rubber composition |
GB9904808D0 (en) | 1999-03-02 | 1999-04-28 | Bp Oil Int | Oil treatment process |
EP1106673B1 (en) * | 1999-12-06 | 2004-10-06 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Removal of polycyclic aromatic compounds from extracts |
KR20020076627A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-11 | 금호산업 주식회사 | Tread Composition of Radial Tire for Truck and Bus with High Heat Resistance by means of Using Low Toxic Softner |
KR20020076626A (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-11 | 금호산업 주식회사 | Tread Composition of Radial Tire for Truck and Bus with High Anti-Cutting and Anti-Chipping Resistance by means of Using Low Toxic Softner |
EP1433833B8 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2013-01-09 | JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Method for producing a process oil |
US7193004B2 (en) | 2003-06-30 | 2007-03-20 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire having a component containing low PCA oil |
US7441572B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2008-10-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire having a tread containing immiscible rubber blend and silica |
DE602006000607T2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2009-04-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron | A pneumatic tire containing fluorinated silane pretreated silica gel |
US7406990B2 (en) | 2005-08-10 | 2008-08-05 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Runflat tire with sidewall component containing high strength glass bubbles |
US7968631B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2011-06-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire containing zinc naphthalocyanine compound |
US7968630B2 (en) | 2005-09-08 | 2011-06-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire containing zinc porphyrin compound |
US8939184B2 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2015-01-27 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Llc | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire using same |
EP1967571A1 (en) * | 2007-02-21 | 2008-09-10 | BP p.l.c. | Compositions and methods |
FR2958655B1 (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2013-07-05 | Total Raffinage Marketing | PROCESS FOR PURIFYING AROMATIC EXTRACTS CONTAINING AROMATIC POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS |
PL2571961T3 (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2023-02-20 | Pt Pertamina (Persero) | Process to produce process oil with low polyaromatic hydrocarbon content and the product obtained |
US8312905B2 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-11-20 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US20120208919A1 (en) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-16 | Carlo Kanz | Pneumatic tire |
CN102643669A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A production method of low density environment-friendly rubber filling oil |
CN102643668A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A process for simultaneously producing two environment-friendly rubber filling oils |
CN102517074B (en) * | 2011-11-22 | 2013-12-18 | 山东江山高分子材料有限公司 | Production method of environmentally-friendly rubber filling oil |
US20130338256A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Pascal Patrick Steiner | Pneumatic tire |
US20170037225A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 | 2017-02-09 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US20170114212A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 | 2017-04-27 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11118036B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2021-09-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10336889B2 (en) | 2016-06-01 | 2019-07-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
ES2881516T3 (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2021-11-29 | Repsol Sa | Process to produce an extender process oil |
US20190062533A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10428205B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-10-01 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10544288B2 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2020-01-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10767034B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2020-09-08 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
EP3622843B1 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2023-01-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Resin modified oil extended rubber |
US10626254B1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-04-21 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11220595B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2022-01-11 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Reinforced rubber containing silylated triglyceride oil |
US11591454B2 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2023-02-28 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US20220251460A1 (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | HollyFrontier LSP Brand Strategies LLC | Methods of preparing naphthenic process oil via extraction and separation |
US20220402299A1 (en) | 2021-06-10 | 2022-12-22 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
EP4122718A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2023-01-25 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber tire compound containing ipn-promoting resin |
CN117916302A (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2024-04-19 | 固特异轮胎和橡胶公司 | Silane-modified fatty acid derivatives for rubber additives |
CN114177655B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2023-03-10 | 安徽国孚凤凰科技有限公司 | Fiber separation type saturated oil separation recovery device and method for base oil solvent extraction extract liquid |
US11851553B2 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2023-12-26 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber composition for stiffness |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BR8104083A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1982-03-16 | Union Carbide Corp | PROCESS FOR DISARMING A MIXED LOAD OF HYDROCARBONS |
US4781820A (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1988-11-01 | Union Carbide Corporation | Aromatic extraction process using mixed polyalkylene glycols/glycol ether solvents |
DE3930422A1 (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-03-21 | Bp Oiltech Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PROCESS OILS WITH A LOW CONTENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATES |
FR2685705B1 (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1994-10-28 | Bp France | PROCESS OILS. |
-
1997
- 1997-10-30 ES ES97500182T patent/ES2224215T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-30 DE DE69729526T patent/DE69729526T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-30 EP EP19970500182 patent/EP0839891B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-31 BR BR9715050A patent/BR9715050A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9757987B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2017-09-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US9764594B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2017-09-19 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10279626B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2019-05-07 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10563050B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 | 2020-02-18 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US9758650B1 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2017-09-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US10711120B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2020-07-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
US10947368B2 (en) | 2019-03-04 | 2021-03-16 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11440350B2 (en) | 2020-05-13 | 2022-09-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire |
US11879055B2 (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2024-01-23 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Non-active sulfur containing functional silanes for silica compounds |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9715050A (en) | 2001-05-22 |
DE69729526D1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
DE69729526T2 (en) | 2005-08-18 |
ES2224215T3 (en) | 2005-03-01 |
EP0839891A3 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
EP0839891A2 (en) | 1998-05-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0839891B1 (en) | Process for obtaining aromatic oils having a polycyclic aromatics content of less than 3% which are useful as process oils | |
JP4037515B2 (en) | Process oil and method for producing the same | |
EP0430444B1 (en) | Solvent extraction of lubricating oils | |
US2017432A (en) | Refining lubricating oils | |
US20030024857A1 (en) | Solvent extraction refining of petroleum products | |
US20100243533A1 (en) | Extraction of aromatics from hydrocarbon oil using n-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and co-solvent | |
US2769768A (en) | Method of removing high molecular weight naphthenic acids from hydrocarbon oils | |
US2121323A (en) | Solvent refining process | |
JP3658155B2 (en) | Production of non-carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon oils by solvent extraction | |
GB2073769A (en) | Manufacture of refrigeration oils | |
US2138833A (en) | Process for extracting oils | |
US2451025A (en) | Method of refining lubricating oils | |
JP4531907B2 (en) | Process oil and method for producing the same | |
JP3079091B2 (en) | Rubber process oil and method for producing the same | |
US2745792A (en) | Hydrocarbon treating process | |
EP0187479A2 (en) | Extraction of aromatics with ethyl acetoacetate | |
US20040168955A1 (en) | Co-extraction of a hydrocarbon material and extract obtained by solvent extraction of a second hydrotreated material | |
EP0186982B1 (en) | Extraction of aromatics with n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone | |
JP3089090B2 (en) | Solvent refining method for lubricating oil fraction | |
US3317423A (en) | Process for solvent extraction of aromatics from aromatic-paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture | |
US2092199A (en) | Solvent fractionation of hydrocarbon oils | |
US3349028A (en) | Continuous solvent extraction of decant, cycle and gas oils | |
US2410839A (en) | Production of unsaturated hydrocarbon products | |
US2150183A (en) | Treatment of hydrocarbons | |
US2081494A (en) | Process for the production of lubricating oil |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB GR IT NL SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Free format text: AL;LT;LV;RO;SI |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981231 |
|
AKX | Designation fees paid |
Free format text: BE DE ES FR GB GR IT NL SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB GR IT NL SE |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20010216 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): BE DE ES FR GB GR IT NL SE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69729526 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20040722 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GR Ref legal event code: EP Ref document number: 20040403077 Country of ref document: GR |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2224215 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20050317 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20161027 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20161025 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20161027 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20161026 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20161027 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20161026 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: IT Payment date: 20161024 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20161027 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20161027 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69729526 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20171029 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20171029 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MK Effective date: 20171030 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20171029 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20180508 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20171031 |