EP0837970A1 - Element de structure destine a des ponts et a des planchers - Google Patents
Element de structure destine a des ponts et a des planchersInfo
- Publication number
- EP0837970A1 EP0837970A1 EP96925754A EP96925754A EP0837970A1 EP 0837970 A1 EP0837970 A1 EP 0837970A1 EP 96925754 A EP96925754 A EP 96925754A EP 96925754 A EP96925754 A EP 96925754A EP 0837970 A1 EP0837970 A1 EP 0837970A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- structural member
- member according
- fibres
- longitudinal
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
- E01D2/04—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
- E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E01D2101/24—Concrete
- E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
- E01D2101/266—Concrete reinforced with fibres other than steel or glass
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/40—Plastics
Definitions
- the invention pertains to a structural member for bridges, floors, and the like which comprises at least one longitudinal girder of trapezoidal, V-shaped or U- shaped or rectangular cross-section with a concrete slab provided thereon.
- Such a structural member is known from Netherlands laid-open patent application 7115625, which describes a prefabricated structural member composed of a steel sheet with a concrete slab provided thereon, while a reinforcement structure, also made of steel, is provided on the bottom side of the steel plate.
- the longitudinal girders in the above structure are very heavy, complicating transportation and placement.
- the high weight of the longitudinal girders will also have to be taken into account when designing the land abutments and piers supporting the bridge.
- a great many operations are required on site before the structure is ready.
- the longitudinal girder of the structural member mentioned in the opening paragraph is made of synthetic material and at least the side parallel to the concrete slab is reinforced with parallel fibres having an embedded modulus of elasticity of more than 50 GPa.
- the fibres preferably have an embedded modulus of elasticity of more than 75 GPa, or even of more than 100 GPa. Also, it is preferred for a large share of the fibres in the side parallel to the slab (preferably more than 60 wt.%, or even more than 80 wt.%) to extend longitudinally and across the full length of the longitudinal girder or a substantial portion thereof. Conventional upper limits of said modulus are 400 Gpa and 250 Gpa, depending on the material.
- fibres which extend in other directions e.g., crosswise, can be embedded in the matrix to increase, say, the torsional stiffness or the transverse stiffness of the longitudinal girder. Also, places subject to greater load, such as the centre of the longitudinal girder, can be reinforced with additional fibres.
- fibres comprises, int. al., filaments and bundles of filaments.
- the structural member according to the invention is made of synthetic material, giving it a comparatively low weight and hence making it easy to handle.
- the position of the fibres (in the side of the longitudinal girder which is parallel to the slab, which is also the side furthest removed from the slab) ensures that the high stiffness and the high tensile strength of these fibres will be made the most of.
- each longitudinal girder can be provided with a separate slab.
- Concrete is known to be especially suitable for absorbing pressure forces.
- Use of the structural member according to the invention in a bridge or a floor gives a just about ideal structure, one with a material especially suitable for absorbing pressure forces in those places where pressure forces develop, and likewise with a material especially suitable for absorbing tensile forces there where tensile forces develop.
- the sheet bonded to the longitudinal girders is also made of synthetic material, the weight of the structural member is not increased needlessly, and, what is more, very simple and inexpensive techniques can be used to make the connection between the sheet and the longitudinal girder or longitudinal girders.
- One very suitable example of a technique for uniting the longitudinal girder and the sheet is glueing them together.
- the "tray" thus formed can be pumped full of concrete once it has been put in position on site. In that case there is no need for separate manufacture and/or transportation and lifting of the concrete sheet, thus reducing the number of operations and, correspondingly, the cost and the risk of defects or damage.
- fibre-reinforced synthetic material allows both the designer and the contractor a lot of scope.
- synthetic material is easy to shape and process.
- the longitudinal girders, the sheet, and, optionally, other components can be made into more or less complex modules (cut to length), which, thanks to their low weight, can be transported to the site at the desired time on a conventional trailer.
- the low weight of the module also makes for simpler and safer lifting. All this simplifies the construction of, say, a bridge or a building significantly.
- a further advantage of the structural member according to the invention is that it can be employed in more light-weight objects such as footbridges and cycle bridges. Usually, tropical hardwood is used to build such bridges, but the use of this type of wood is considered to cause serious damage to the environment. Such use can be avoided by employing the structural member according to the invention.
- the other sides of the longitudinal girder or longitudinal girders are preferably reinforced with a fabric or non-woven web of fibres.
- the ends and picks both are at an angle of 30° to 60° to the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal girder, the shearing forces occurring in the other sides are very well absorbed.
- fibres made up wholly or for the most part of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), glass or carbon.
- Such fibres have the required high modulus of elasticity and high strength and are pre-eminently suited to be used in composites.
- the structural member according to the invention can be used, e.g., in a bridge such as a footbridge or a cycle bridge, in other words, in an object where the structural member is visible to a great extent.
- a box can be provided around the longitudinal girder or longitudinal girders, which box may be made, e.g., of synthetic material and like the longitudinal girder or longitudinal girders be glued to the sheet.
- the box can be reinforced with fibres, e.g., in the side furthest removed from the sheet. In that case the box not only has a "cosmetic" effect, it will also contribute to the strength and the (torsional) stiffness of the final structure.
- the invention further pertains to a bridge and a building provided with a structural member according to the invention.
- advantageous use can be made of the member's easy handling, low weight, and lack of restrictions where shaping is concerned.
- the invention also pertains to a process for manufacturing a bridge or a floor in which the ends of a structural member according to the invention are each placed or fastened on a support, such that the sheet is on the upper side, and in which a layer of concrete is pumped onto the sheet.
- the concrete at first does not contribute to the load bearing capacity of the structure, it may be preferable, depending on the (expected) sagging of the structural member under the weight of the wet concrete, to provide temporary support for the structural member.
- the latter can be provided with dowels or anchors.
- dowels or anchors In this way, after the concrete has been poured and has hardened, there will come to be good collaboration between the structural member and the concrete slab.
- the connection can also be made by roughening the structural member's synthetic material, i.e., the sheet on top of which the concrete is to be provided, e.g., by smearing it with epoxy resin and then covering it with sand. If so desired, the concrete can be reinforced.
- the process illustrates how easy it becomes to construct, say, a bridge using the structural member according to the invention.
- a module made up of a number of longitudinal girders and a covering plate or sheet can be arranged.
- a layer of concrete is pumped onto the covering plate, and this in effect completes the bridge.
- a handrail can be provided (for which the arrangements can already be made on the module), as well as a layer of asphalt.
- US 4,079,476 discloses a footbridge made of synthetic material and reinforced with fibreglass. The footbridge has a U-shaped section, and both its sides are reinforced, int.
- FR 26835559 describes a footbridge comprising a caisson of U-shaped cross- section.
- the bottom of the caisson takes the form of a tension member composed of a light filler with fibres wrapped around it.
- the fibres are impregnated with resin.
- a sheet is attached which is also made of a light filler with impregnated fibres provided thereon.
- the filler used for both the tension member and the sheet preferably is balsa.
- Fig. 1 shows a side elevation of part of a cycle bridge according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of a cycle bridge according to the invention.
- the structural member was composed of two longitudinal girders 3 (length 10 m), which were glued to a sheet 4 (surface area 10 x 2.5 m).
- the longitudinal girders 3 were made of unsaturated polyester resin based on isophthalic acid and reinforced with fibres of Twaron type 1055 161 Ofl 000 (poly(para-phenylene terephthalamide) having a modulus of elasticity of 120 GPa (measured in accordance with DIN 65356/ DIN 65382).
- the fibres were embedded in the synthetic matrix unidirectionally in the longitudinal direction of the longitudinal girder 3 (90% of the total weight of fibres in the bottom) and in its transverse direction (10% of the total weight of fibres in the bottom).
- a fabric of the same fibres was embedded, such that the ends and picks both were at an angle of 45° to the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal girder 3.
- the fabrics extended up to 5 centimeters in the bottom side.
- each of the longitudinal girders 3 had a width of 40 cm, the two sides had a height of 60 cm. The sides were at an angle ( ⁇ ) to the bottom side of 95°.
- dowels were provided (not shown).
- the sheet 4 had raised edges 5, and the tray thus formed was pumped full of concrete 6.
- Hardening of the concrete 6 left the longitudinal girders 3 and the sheet 4 bonded to the concrete 6 by means of the dowels.
- an anchorage 7 was provided in the concrete 6 to secure a connection with the pier 2.
- a box 8 was provided around the longitudinal girders 3, hiding them from view. Between the box 8 and the pier 2 supporting blocks 9 were mounted.
- the box 8 was also made of the aforementioned, fibre-reinforced polyester resin.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL1000770A NL1000770C2 (nl) | 1995-07-11 | 1995-07-11 | Constructiedeel voor bruggen en vloeren. |
NL1000770 | 1995-07-11 | ||
PCT/EP1996/003102 WO1997003249A1 (fr) | 1995-07-11 | 1996-07-10 | Element de structure destine a des ponts et a des planchers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0837970A1 true EP0837970A1 (fr) | 1998-04-29 |
EP0837970B1 EP0837970B1 (fr) | 1999-04-28 |
Family
ID=19761292
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96925754A Expired - Lifetime EP0837970B1 (fr) | 1995-07-11 | 1996-07-10 | Element de structure destine a des ponts et a des planchers |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0837970B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE179475T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU693037B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2226861A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69602266T2 (fr) |
NL (1) | NL1000770C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1997003249A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1007625C2 (nl) * | 1997-11-26 | 1999-05-27 | Haitsma Beton Bv | Constructie-element, werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan en parkeervloer voorzien van dergelijke constructie-elementen. |
AUPR704601A0 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2001-09-06 | Composite Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd | A composite beam and a method of manufacture thereof |
CN101440598B (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-16 | 重庆交通大学 | 钢箱-砼组合箱板拱结构及其施工方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1500829A (fr) * | 1966-05-10 | 1967-11-10 | Procédé de construction de ponts mixtes acier-béton et ponts en résultant | |
DE1931431A1 (de) * | 1969-06-20 | 1970-12-23 | Hoesch Ag | Fahrbahntafel,insbesondere fuer Stadthochstrassen |
NL7115625A (fr) * | 1971-11-12 | 1973-05-15 | ||
FR2346497A1 (fr) * | 1975-11-18 | 1977-10-28 | Metalliques Entrepr Cie Fse | Perfectionnements apportes aux ponts metalliques, plus specialement aux ponts legers du genre des passerelles pour pietons |
FR2636082B1 (fr) * | 1988-09-06 | 1991-03-15 | Hornn Francois | Passerelle, notamment pour pietons |
FR2683559B1 (fr) * | 1991-11-12 | 1994-03-04 | Union Travaux | Tirant pour construction composite modulaire, notamment pour structure portante en caisson. |
-
1995
- 1995-07-11 NL NL1000770A patent/NL1000770C2/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-07-10 CA CA002226861A patent/CA2226861A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-07-10 EP EP96925754A patent/EP0837970B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-10 AU AU66159/96A patent/AU693037B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-10 DE DE69602266T patent/DE69602266T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-10 AT AT96925754T patent/ATE179475T1/de active
- 1996-07-10 WO PCT/EP1996/003102 patent/WO1997003249A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9703249A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997003249A1 (fr) | 1997-01-30 |
EP0837970B1 (fr) | 1999-04-28 |
CA2226861A1 (fr) | 1997-01-30 |
AU6615996A (en) | 1997-02-10 |
ATE179475T1 (de) | 1999-05-15 |
NL1000770C2 (nl) | 1997-01-14 |
AU693037B2 (en) | 1998-06-18 |
DE69602266T2 (de) | 1999-10-14 |
DE69602266D1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
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