EP0837621B1 - Torche à plasma avec nouvelles caractéristiques d'étanchéité - Google Patents
Torche à plasma avec nouvelles caractéristiques d'étanchéité Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0837621B1 EP0837621B1 EP97402414A EP97402414A EP0837621B1 EP 0837621 B1 EP0837621 B1 EP 0837621B1 EP 97402414 A EP97402414 A EP 97402414A EP 97402414 A EP97402414 A EP 97402414A EP 0837621 B1 EP0837621 B1 EP 0837621B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- plasma torch
- capillary tube
- torch according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/52—Generating plasma using exploding wires or spark gaps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms
- F41A19/63—Electric firing mechanisms having means for contactless transmission of electric energy, e.g. by induction, by sparking gap
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of torches plasma.
- a plasma torch is a system that generates high pressure gases (around 500 MPa) from a high voltage electrical discharge (of the order of 20 kV) caused between two electrodes.
- Plasma torches are used in industry for for example cutting conductive materials, or still to destroy certain products or materials, or to make metallic deposits. They are also used in the armaments field to generate a pressure allowing the firing of a projectile.
- Known plasma torches include an anode and a cathode separated by a capillary tube made in one material which is both electrically insulating and susceptible to decompose to generate a plasma (for example a plastic material).
- the electric discharge between anode and cathode is primed using a copper or other fuse conductive material. The electric arc thus created causes a plasma which ablates the wall of the capillary tube which leads to the generation of high pressure light gases and high temperature.
- gases are used either to directly accelerate a projectile, either to vaporize a fluid (for example water) which increases the volume of gas.
- anode and cathode are fixed on either side of a support tube which ensures the torch stiffness and radial confinement of the plasma generates.
- the cathode is annular in order to allow an exit axial of the plasma jet through it.
- Such a pressure difference is detrimental to the holding torch mechanics. It can also cause degradation of the seal between the anode and the support which can lead to the emission at the anode of jets of plasma directed outside the torch.
- Patent US5287791 on which the preamble of the main claim thus describes a plasma torch in which a capillary is arranged between an anode and a cathode.
- the invention provides a plasma torch whose mechanical strength and tightness are improved.
- the invention according to claim 1 therefore relates to a plasma torch comprising an anode and a cathode separated by a tube capillary made of an electrical insulating material and ablatable by the action of plasma, the anode comprising a case conductor closed at one end, case inside of which is arranged the capillary tube, torch characterized in that the case has an axial bore inside which houses the capillary, the case thus surrounding the capillary over its entire length so as to ensure radial support of this one.
- the tube capillary is separated from the anode by an insulating sheath.
- the anode case extends longitudinally substantially to the cathode, the sheath insulator at least partially surrounding the cathode.
- the cathode may have a conical bearing coming from position in a conical complementary housing of the case conductive, the insulating sheath having a flared part which is interposed between the conical bearing of the cathode and the conical housing of the conductive case.
- the anode may include a base forming an arc foot arranged at the bottom of the conductive case.
- the cathode may include a sealing lip ring applied against the insulating and delimiting sheath a bore receiving a reduced diameter end of the capillary.
- the cathode may include an axial housing in which a conductive ring will be arranged forming the arch foot.
- the torch may include a sleeve insulating tubing surrounding the anode and ensuring its secured to the cathode.
- It may also include at least one O-ring disposed between the tubular sleeve and the insulating sheath.
- This plasma torch 1 comprises an anode 2 and a cathode 3 separated by a capillary tube 4.
- the torch 1 generally has a symmetry of revolution. It is installed in a bore 5 fitted out on a support 6, which is here a weapon (not shown in detail), weapon which comprises a tube 7 and a breech plate 8.
- the capillary 4 is made of an insulating material electric and susceptible to ablation, i.e. to generate light gases by the action of plasma.
- a plastic material such as polyethylene. It has an axial bore 9 to inside which a fuse is positioned (not shown), for example a copper wire.
- Anode 2 consists of a metal case which has a bottom 10 of reduced diameter and a body cylindrical 12.
- the bottom 10 is intended to receive an electrical contact 11 which is mechanically secured to the cylinder head plate 8.
- the cylindrical body 12 has an axial bore 13 to the interior of which houses the capillary 4 and a base 14 forming arc foot.
- the base 14 is made of a very conductive material and with high mechanical strength which has the function of limiting erosion due to the foot of the electric arc.
- It has a longitudinal channel 15 which allows evacuation the air trapped between the bottom 10 and the base 14 at the time of the installation of the latter, which makes it possible to apply the base 14 strongly against the bottom to ensure good contact electric.
- the capillary tube 4 is separated from the anode 2 by a cylindrical sheath 19, which is made of a material electrical insulation, for example a fiber-based composite of glass.
- This sheath is to provide insulation between the anode and the cathode.
- the open end of anode 2 has a conical profile 16 which is complementary to a conical bearing 17 arranged on cathode 3. This conical profile facilitates mounting of the cathode and ensures the coaxiality of these two parts.
- the insulating sheath 19 has a flared part 20 which is interposed between the conical bearing 17 of the cathode 3 and the conical housing 16 of the conductive case of anode 2 and avoids any electrical short circuit at this level between the anode and the cathode.
- Cathode 3 has an annular sealing lip 18 which is applied against the insulating sheath 19 and which delimits a bore receiving an end 21 with diameter reduced capillary 4.
- the lip 18 is intended to be deformed by the effect of the pressure of the plasma generated by the torch to prevent any plasma leak between the cathode 3 and the insulating sheath 19, leaks that would affect the efficiency of the torch and damage the electrical insulation.
- the cathode 3 In order to locate the base of the electric arc, the cathode 3 also includes an axial housing 22 in which is disposed a conductive ring 23 forming the arc foot. This ring is made of the same material as the base 14.
- the cathode 3 has an axial orifice 24 which makes communicate the interior of the torch with a chamber 25 intended to receive a projectile (not shown) and possibly a gas-generating material (for example the water).
- a projectile not shown
- a gas-generating material for example the water
- the flared part 20 of the insulating sheath 19 ends in a cylindrical portion 26 which surrounds the cathode 3.
- An insulating tubular sleeve 27 surrounds the anode 2 and secures it to cathode 3 by through radial screws 28.
- the sleeve 27 completes the electrical insulation between the anode and cathode.
- O-rings 29, 30, 31 are arranged between the sleeve 27 and the insulating sheath 19. They allow avoid the formation of an electric arc at the level of the games radial mounting.
- the current supply at the cathode 3 is ensured by a contact ring 34 which remains integral with the support 6 and which carries at least two longitudinal tabs flexible 35.
- the sleeve 27 also includes an annular machining 32 which is intended to receive and guide a crown 33 secured to an insulating sheath 36 which surrounds the contact 11 and electrically isolates it from the cylinder head plate 8.
- a difference in electrical potential of around 20 kilo volts is applied between anode 2 and cathode 3.
- the electrical insulation is ensured by the sheath 36 surrounding the contact 11, the insulating sleeve 27, the seals O-rings 29, 30 and 31 and the insulating sleeve 19.
- anode and cathode are only connected to each other by the fuse placed inside the capillary 4.
- This fuse initiates an electric arc between anode and cathode, arc which is maintained and causes the ablation of the material of the capillary and the generation of a plasma that comes out of the torch 1 through the axial hole 24.
- the anode 2 proposed by the invention makes it possible to avoid any plasma leakage towards the rear of the torch (towards the contact 11).
- the cylindrical body 12 of the anode 2 surrounds the capillary 4 over its entire length. It maintains radial of this one despite the strong pressures developed at inside the torch. This results in excellent hold mechanical torch with minimal radial bulk.
- the torch according to the invention can be used in the armament field for firing high-speed projectiles significant (greater than 2000 m / s).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Torche à plasma (1) comprenant une anode (2) et une cathode (3) séparées par un tube capillaire (4) réalisé en un matériau isolant électrique et ablatable par l'action du plasma, l'anode (2) comportant un étui conducteur (12) fermé à une première extrémité (10), étui à l'intérieur duquel est disposé le tube capillaire (4), torche caractérisée en ce que l'étui (12) comporte un alésage axial à l'intérieur duquel se loge le capillaire (4), l'étui entourant ainsi le capillaire (4) sur toute sa longueur de façon à assurer un maintien radial de celui ci.
- Torche à plasma selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le tube capillaire (4) est séparé de l'anode (2) par un fourreau isolant (19).
- Torche à plasma selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que l'étui de l'anode s'étend longitudinalement sensiblement jusqu'à la cathode (3), le fourreau isolant (19) entourant au moins partiellement la cathode (3).
- Torche à plasma selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la cathode (3) comporte une portée conique (17) qui vient se positionner dans un logement complémentaire conique (16) de l'étui conducteur, le fourreau isolant (19) comportant une partie évasée (20) qui est interposée entre la portée conique de la cathode et le logement conique (16) de l'étui conducteur.
- Torcha à plasma selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que l'anode (2) comporte un culot (14) formant pied d'arc disposé au fond de l'étui conducteur.
- Torche à plasma selon une des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la cathode (3) comporte une lèvre d'étanchéité annulaire (18) qui est appliquée contre le fourreau isolant (19) et qui délimite un alésage recevant une extrémité (21) à diamètre réduit du capillaire (4).
- Torche à plasma selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la cathode (3) comporte un logement axial (22) dans lequel est disposé un anneau conducteur (23) formant pied d'arc.
- Torche à plasma selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un manchon tubulaire isolant (27) entourant l'anode (2) et assurant sa solidarisation avec la cathode (3).
- Torche à plasma selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte au moins un joint torique (29,30,31) disposé entre le manchon tubulaire (27) et le fourreau isolant (19).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9612680 | 1996-10-18 | ||
FR9612680A FR2754969B1 (fr) | 1996-10-18 | 1996-10-18 | Torche a plasma a etancheite amelioree |
US08/954,036 US5938950A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-20 | Plasma torch with improved gas-tightness |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0837621A1 EP0837621A1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 |
EP0837621B1 true EP0837621B1 (fr) | 2003-02-19 |
Family
ID=26233049
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97402414A Expired - Lifetime EP0837621B1 (fr) | 1996-10-18 | 1997-10-14 | Torche à plasma avec nouvelles caractéristiques d'étanchéité |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5938950A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0837621B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2754969B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6329628B1 (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2001-12-11 | Polytechnic University | Methods and apparatus for generating a plasma torch |
GB0011080D0 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2000-06-28 | Wang Wang N | Electrodes and plasma generating devices including electrodes |
FR2827039B1 (fr) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-11-28 | Giat Ind Sa | Dispositif d'allumage pour un chargement propulsif |
FR2844873B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-25 | 2006-11-24 | Giat Ind Sa | Inflammateur a double effet et procede d'allumage mettant en oeuvre un tel inflammateur |
US6805055B1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-10-19 | Gamma Recherches & Technologies Patent Sa | Plasma firing mechanism and method for firing ammunition |
US7091441B1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2006-08-15 | Polytechnic University | Portable arc-seeded microwave plasma torch |
EP1689216A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-09 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) | Jet de plasma à pression atmosphérique |
SE533831C2 (sv) * | 2005-03-15 | 2011-02-01 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Plasmajettändare för en elektro-termisk-kemisk(ETK) kanon, kulspruta eller annat eldrörsvapen av motsvarande typ |
CN102897892B (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-16 | 清华大学 | 一种增强型毛细管针放电等离子体水处理装置 |
US11617610B2 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2023-04-04 | Us Patent Innovations Llc | System and method for micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma treatment |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4895062A (en) * | 1988-04-18 | 1990-01-23 | Fmc Corporation | Combustion augmented plasma gun |
US5261315A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-11-16 | Fmc Corporation | Precision capillary discharge switch |
US5287791A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-02-22 | Fmc Corporation | Precision generator and distributor device for plasma in electrothermal-chemical gun systems |
US5444208A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-08-22 | Fmc Corporation | Multiple source plasma generation and injection device |
-
1996
- 1996-10-18 FR FR9612680A patent/FR2754969B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-10-14 EP EP97402414A patent/EP0837621B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-20 US US08/954,036 patent/US5938950A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2754969B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 |
EP0837621A1 (fr) | 1998-04-22 |
FR2754969A1 (fr) | 1998-04-24 |
US5938950A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
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