EP0836212B1 - Bistable electromagnetic system for relay - Google Patents

Bistable electromagnetic system for relay Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0836212B1
EP0836212B1 EP97114392A EP97114392A EP0836212B1 EP 0836212 B1 EP0836212 B1 EP 0836212B1 EP 97114392 A EP97114392 A EP 97114392A EP 97114392 A EP97114392 A EP 97114392A EP 0836212 B1 EP0836212 B1 EP 0836212B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yoke
permanent magnet
bridge element
armature
limb
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97114392A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0836212A3 (en
EP0836212A2 (en
Inventor
Leopold Mader
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Tyco Electronics Austria GmbH
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Tyco Electronics Austria GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0836212A2 publication Critical patent/EP0836212A2/en
Publication of EP0836212A3 publication Critical patent/EP0836212A3/en
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Publication of EP0836212B1 publication Critical patent/EP0836212B1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22Polarised relays

Definitions

  • Such an electromagnetic system is for example from the EP 0 686 989 A1 is known.
  • the bistable switching device there is part of the cross section of the magnetic circuit formed by the permanent magnet. This is preferred in the Embodiment realized so that the permanent magnet between the two parts of a two-part yoke inserted and is polarized accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the yoke, the rest of the cross section either being an air gap or more or less by a ferromagnetic Section is completed.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a bistable electromagnetic system to create of the type mentioned at which the permanent magnet is inserted so that the overall construction with as few parts as possible in the simplest possible way is to be produced.
  • the geometry of the magnetic circuit as little as possible by inserting the permanent magnet the geometry of a neutral magnet system with otherwise same structure can be changed.
  • this goal is achieved in the system mentioned achieved that parallel to the constriction section is arranged ferromagnetic bridge element, which with a first end section over a large area to the magnetic flux circuit is coupled and with its other, second end section forms a longitudinal gap with respect to the magnetic flux circuit, in which is the permanent magnet polarized in the direction of the gap thickness is arranged, and that the constriction portion such is dimensioned such that it is closed when the anchor is closed the permanent magnetic flux is saturated.
  • the magnetic flux circuit not interrupted by the insertion of the permanent magnet; the permanent magnet is therefore not a geometrically determining one Part of the magnetic circuit. Rather, the magnetic circuit, preferably the yoke, in an adjacent to the permanent magnet Section weakened in cross section, so that part of the Flow over the laterally coupled permanent magnet and that associated bridge element is guided.
  • the laterally coupled Bridge element with the permanent magnet is special easy to manufacture and assemble as it regards its dimensions have no influence on the geometric coordination between core yoke and anchor and its tolerances therefore don't matter.
  • the weakening at the necking section the magnetic flux circuit is also at the manufacture of the core yoke or the anchor without large additional effort through a corresponding cutting stamp or the like to accomplish.
  • the core yoke is in known way - a U-shaped shape with a die Coil-bearing core leg and a yoke leg, the free end faces are aligned with each other in one plane, whereby an end portion of the yoke leg with the permanent magnet Bridge element carries.
  • the yoke leg can be used accordingly step-shaped heels the permanent magnet and that Take up the bridge element in the cross-section of its basic contour, so that the geometric dimensions are essentially accurate those of an otherwise identical magnetic system without permanent magnet.
  • the neck portion and the permanent magnet with the bridge element on a section of the core yoke and preferably in the end region a yoke leg are provided, would be the invention also realized in that the anchor has a constriction section exhibited and with the permanent magnet as well would provide the bridge element.
  • the bridge element as an additional part in parallel to the portion having the constricted portion of the magnetic flux circuit is applied.
  • the permanent magnet then would get caught between these fork ends.
  • the main path the yoke section would then have to be reduced in cross section or constriction, for example through a hole perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the yoke could be done.
  • the bridge element can on the magnetic circuit section, for example the yoke leg, using one of the conventional methods are attached, for example by gluing, spot welding or laser welding.
  • the magnet system shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has one U-shaped core yoke 1 with a core leg 2 and one Yoke leg 3, whose end faces 4 and 5 in one Align plane with each other.
  • the core leg 2 carries one Coil body 6 with a winding 7.
  • the End face 4 of the core or more precisely, in a notch between the end face 4 and an extension 8 of the bobbin a plate-shaped anchor 9 pivotally mounted with the end face 5 of the yoke leg as a pole face Working air gap forms.
  • a return spring 10 the is suspended on both sides of the extension 8 of the bobbin and engages in a recess 11 on the outside of the armature, the anchor is in its rest position by the yoke leg biased away to the outside.
  • the yoke leg 3 is near its free end with a recess 12 provided and in this way forms a constriction section 13 in the form of two narrow side Stegen.
  • This constriction section could of course be designed in a different way. It is important that this Constriction section only a certain amount of magnetic flux can absorb up to its saturation and so the additional Forces magnetic flux onto a parallel circuit passing through a flat permanent magnet 14 and a ferromagnetic bridge element 15 is formed.
  • this parallel circle element is the yoke leg 3 with two Gradations 16 and 17 provided. At the first gradation 16 the bridge element 15 is inserted so that the total thickness of the yoke leg at this point with the bridge element of the Basic thickness of the yoke leg 3 corresponds.
  • the second Gradation 17 is between the bridge element 15 and the end portion of the yoke leg 3 formed a gap in which the permanent magnet 14 with a transverse to the gap length and Slit width polarization is arranged. That means, that the permanent magnet with a pole on the end portion of the yoke leg 3 and with its opposite pole the bridge element 15 is coupled.
  • this end section 18 is widened in the end region, so that it has a sufficient cross section and a sufficient large pole face 5 for the excitation and holding flux having.
  • the bridge element 15 is in the the area opposite the end section 18 widened, so that the control flow through a large air gap area the permanent magnet and next to the permanent magnet from can pass over the end section 18 to the bridge element 15.
  • the permanent magnet is very flat and in the direction polarized on its short axis. For example, it can have a thickness of the order of 0.3 mm.
  • the function of the magnet system described results from the arrangement of the individual parts.
  • the unexcited illustrated Condition is the armature by the return spring 10 in prestressed the fallen state.
  • the flow of the permanent magnet 14 closes over the end section 18, as well as the Constriction section 13 of the yoke leg 16 and the bridge element 15, while the leakage flux over the pole face 5 and the working air gap to the anchor is not sufficient, the anchor attract against the restoring force of the spring 10.
  • the excitation flux overlaps the permanent magnetic flux in the air gap and thus causes the armature to drop with the support of the return spring 10.
  • a relatively weak return spring 10 is already sufficient to hold the armature in the dropped position. Due to the one-piece design of the core yoke, the pole face 5 and the end face 4 of the core can be easily calibrated in one plane, since the additionally applied permanent magnet 14 with the bridge element has no influence on the geometry between the core yoke and the armature. The end face 19 of the bridge element is so far from the anchor that it does not act as a pole face.
  • the stray flux could be influenced by the distance of this end face from the armature in order to achieve a fine-tuning in the response behavior of the magnet system.
  • the permanent magnet is expediently first applied to the bridge element, for example glued, and then the bridge element is fastened to the yoke leg.
  • adhesive fastening is the preferred type of installation.
  • spot welding or laser welding would also be possible.
  • the magnet system can be used in a relay in a manner known per se, the contact springs (not shown) being able to be actuated by a slide through the free end of the armature.
  • FIG. 1 Another possible embodiment is shown schematically in FIG shown.
  • this case there is also a U-shaped core yoke 21 with a core leg 22 and a yoke leg 23, wherein the core leg carries a coil winding 24.
  • An anchor 25 is mounted on the end face of the yoke leg 23 and held by an anchor spring 26 or in its rest position biased. With the free end of the core leg 22 the anchor forms the working air gap.
  • owns the anchor has a constriction section or one in cross section weakened section 29 of the side view is not visible and is therefore only indicated by dashed lines.
  • a permanent magnet 27 In front of this constriction section 26 is on the free end the armature a permanent magnet 27 with a transverse to the longitudinal extent extending polarization arranged over which a ferromagnetic Bridge element 28 the upper pole of the permanent magnet parallel to the constricted section 29 to the stored Coupled end of the armature 25.
  • the bridge element 28 is in In this case designed as a simple plate while the anchor a step with the thickness of the permanent magnet 27th having. It would also be conceivable, the anchor 25 with the To produce bridge element 28 in one piece and with one To provide slot of the thickness of the permanent magnet 27 and subsequently clamp the permanent magnet in this slot. In this case too, there would have to be a recess for education of the constriction section 29 in the lower, the main river receiving part of the anchor.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

Abstract

A magnet system has a U-shaped core yoke whose yoke leg and core leg form a magnetic flux circuit together with an armature. A constriction section with reduced cross-section is provided at a location of the magnetic flux circuit, preferably at the core leg; a ferromagnetic bridge element with a flat permanent magnet is coupled to the magnetic flux circuit parallel thereto. Since the constriction section enters into saturation when the armature is attracted, the armature is held fast opposite a restoring spring. As a result of the inventive arrangement, a geometry for a magnetic circuit arrangement that is fast and inexpensive to manufacture is provided.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein bistabiles Elektromagnetsystem für ein Relais mit

  • einem eine Spule tragenden Kernjoch mit zwei Polenden,
  • einem Anker, der die Polenden des Kernjoches unter Bildung mindestens eines Arbeitsluftspaltes überbrückt und mit diesem einen Magnetflußkreis bildet,
  • einer den Anker in eine von dem Kernjoch abgehobene Ruhestellung vorspannende Rückstelleinrichtung und
  • einen im Querschnitt verminderten Einschnürungsabschnitt des Magnetflußkreises, zu dem ein Dauermagnet parallel geschaltet ist.
The invention relates to a bistable electromagnetic system for a relay
  • a core yoke carrying a coil with two pole ends,
  • an armature which bridges the pole ends of the core yoke to form at least one working air gap and forms a magnetic flux circuit with the latter,
  • a restoring device biasing the anchor into a rest position raised from the core yoke and
  • a constricted section of the magnetic flux circuit with a reduced cross section, to which a permanent magnet is connected in parallel.

Ein derartiges Elektromagnetsystem ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 686 989 A1 bekannt. Bei der dortigen bistabilen Schaltvorrichtung ist ein Teil des Querschnittes des Magnetkreises durch den Dauermagneten gebildet. Dies wird in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform so verwirklicht, daß der Dauermagnet zwischen die beiden Teile eines zweiteiligen Joches eingefügt wird und entsprechend in Jochlängsrichtung polarisiert ist, wobei der Rest des Querschnittes entweder als Luftspalt ausgebildet oder mehr oder weniger durch einen ferromagnetischen Abschnitt ausgefüllt wird. Durch die in Längsrichtung aneinandergefügten zwei Jochteile mit dem zusätzlichen Dauermagneten ergibt sich eine Toleranzsummierung für die Länge des Joches, und es erfordert einen zusätzlichen Fertigungsaufwand, bei dieser Konstellation eine Polfläche am Ende des Joches mit einer Polfläche am Ende des Kerns in eine gemeinsame Ebene zu bringen. In der genannten Druckschrift ist allerdings auch eine Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen, bei der ein einstükkiges Joch mit einem seitlichen Einschnitt zur Aufnahme des Dauermagneten versehen werden soll. In diesem Fall ist zwar die Gesamtlänge des Joches keiner Toleranzsummierung unterworfen, jedoch erfordert die Einpassung des Dauermagneten in einen derartigen Einschnitt einen erheblichen Aufwand, wenn eine reproduzierbare Kopplung zwischen dem Dauermagneten und den angrenzenden Jochteilen sichergestellt werden soll.Such an electromagnetic system is for example from the EP 0 686 989 A1 is known. With the bistable switching device there is part of the cross section of the magnetic circuit formed by the permanent magnet. This is preferred in the Embodiment realized so that the permanent magnet between the two parts of a two-part yoke inserted and is polarized accordingly in the longitudinal direction of the yoke, the rest of the cross section either being an air gap or more or less by a ferromagnetic Section is completed. By those joined together in the longitudinal direction two yoke parts with the additional permanent magnet there is a tolerance sum for the length of the yoke, and it requires additional manufacturing, in this constellation a pole face at the end of the yoke with a pole face at the end of the core in a common plane bring to. However, in the mentioned publication also proposed an embodiment in which a one-piece Yoke with a side cut to accommodate the Permanent magnets should be provided. In this case, though the total length of the yoke is not subject to tolerance accumulation, however, the permanent magnet must be fitted in such an incision a considerable effort, if a reproducible coupling between the permanent magnet and the adjacent yoke parts should be ensured.

Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein bistabiles Elektromagnetsystem der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei dem der Dauermagnet so eingefügt ist, daß die Gesamtkonstruktion mit möglichst wenig Teilen auf möglichst einfache Weise herzustellen ist. Dabei soll die Geometrie des Magnetkreises durch die Einfügung des Dauermagneten möglichst wenig gegenüber der Geometrie eines neutralen Magnetsystem mit ansonsten gleichem Aufbau verändert werden.The aim of the present invention is to provide a bistable electromagnetic system to create of the type mentioned at which the permanent magnet is inserted so that the overall construction with as few parts as possible in the simplest possible way is to be produced. The geometry of the magnetic circuit as little as possible by inserting the permanent magnet the geometry of a neutral magnet system with otherwise same structure can be changed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dieses Ziel bei dem genannten System dadurch erreicht, daß parallel zu dem Enschnürungsabschnitt ein ferromagnetisches Brückenelement angeordnet ist, welches mit einem ersten Endabschnitt großflächig an den Magnetflußkreis angekoppelt ist und mit seinem anderen, zweiten Endabschnitt einen Längsspalt gegenüber dem Magnetflußkreis bildet, in welchem der in Richtung der Spaltdicke polarisierte Dauermagnet angeordnet ist, und daß der Einschnürungsabschnitt derart dimensioniert ist, daß er bei geschlossenem Anker durch den Dauermagnetfluß gesättigt wird.According to the invention, this goal is achieved in the system mentioned achieved that parallel to the constriction section is arranged ferromagnetic bridge element, which with a first end section over a large area to the magnetic flux circuit is coupled and with its other, second end section forms a longitudinal gap with respect to the magnetic flux circuit, in which is the permanent magnet polarized in the direction of the gap thickness is arranged, and that the constriction portion such is dimensioned such that it is closed when the anchor is closed the permanent magnetic flux is saturated.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Magnetsystem wird also der Magnetflußkreis nicht durch die Einfügung des Dauermagneten unterbrochen; der Dauermagnet ist also kein geometrisch bestimmender Teil des Magnetkreises. Vielmehr wird der Magnetkreis, vorzugsweise das Joch, in einem zum Dauermagneten benachbarten Abschnitt im Querschnitt geschwächt, so daß ein Teil des Flusses über den seitlich angekoppelten Dauermagneten und das zugehörige Brückenelement geführt wird. Das seitlich angekoppelte Brückenelement mit dem Dauermagneten ist auf besonders einfache Weise herstellbar und montierbar, da es hinsichtlich seiner Abmessungen keinen Einfluß auf die geometrische Abstimmung zwischen Kernjoch und Anker ausübt und seine Toleranzen deshalb keine Rolle spielen. Die Schwächung am Einschnürungsabschnitt des Magnetflußkreises ist ebenfalls bei der Herstellung des Kernjoches oder auch des Ankers ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand durch einen entsprechenden Schnittstempel oder dergleichen zu bewerkstelligen.In the magnet system according to the invention, the magnetic flux circuit not interrupted by the insertion of the permanent magnet; the permanent magnet is therefore not a geometrically determining one Part of the magnetic circuit. Rather, the magnetic circuit, preferably the yoke, in an adjacent to the permanent magnet Section weakened in cross section, so that part of the Flow over the laterally coupled permanent magnet and that associated bridge element is guided. The laterally coupled Bridge element with the permanent magnet is special easy to manufacture and assemble as it regards its dimensions have no influence on the geometric coordination between core yoke and anchor and its tolerances therefore don't matter. The weakening at the necking section the magnetic flux circuit is also at the manufacture of the core yoke or the anchor without large additional effort through a corresponding cutting stamp or the like to accomplish.

In bevorzugter Ausführungsform besitzt das Kernjoch - in an sich bekannter Weise - eine U-förmige Gestalt mit einem die Spule tragenden Kernschenkel und einem Jochschenkel, deren freie Stirnflächen miteinander in einer Ebene fluchten, wobei ein Endabschnitt des Jochschenkels den Dauermagneten mit dem Brückenelement trägt. Dabei kann der Jochschenkel mit entsprechend stufenförmigen Absätzen den Dauermagneten und das Brückenelement im Querschnitt seiner Grundkontur aufnehmen, so daß die geometrischen Abmessungen im wesentlichen genau denen eines im übrigen gleich aufgebauten neutralen Magnetsystems ohne Dauermagnet entsprechen.In a preferred embodiment, the core yoke is in known way - a U-shaped shape with a die Coil-bearing core leg and a yoke leg, the free end faces are aligned with each other in one plane, whereby an end portion of the yoke leg with the permanent magnet Bridge element carries. The yoke leg can be used accordingly step-shaped heels the permanent magnet and that Take up the bridge element in the cross-section of its basic contour, so that the geometric dimensions are essentially accurate those of an otherwise identical magnetic system without permanent magnet.

Obgleich in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Einschnürungsabschnitt und der Dauermagnet mit dem Brückenelement an einem Abschnitt des Kernjoches und bevorzugt im Endbereich eines Jochschenkels vorgesehen sind, wäre die Erfindung auch dadurch verwirklicht, daß der Anker einen Einschnürungsabschnitt aufwiese und mit dem Dauermagneten sowie dem Brückenelement versehen würde. Zwar wird man in der Regel bestrebt sein, den beweglichen Anker mit möglichst wenig Masse zu versehen, so daß die Anbringung des Dauermagneten auf dem Anker in dieser Hinsicht etwas ungünstig ist, doch sind Anwendungsfälle denkbar, bei denen dieser Umstand in Kauf genommen werden kann.Although in the preferred embodiment, the neck portion and the permanent magnet with the bridge element on a section of the core yoke and preferably in the end region a yoke leg are provided, would be the invention also realized in that the anchor has a constriction section exhibited and with the permanent magnet as well would provide the bridge element. You will usually strive to make the movable anchor with as little mass as possible to be provided so that the attachment of the permanent magnet the anchor is somewhat inconvenient in this regard, but are Conceivable use cases in which this fact is accepted can be.

Auch ist bereits darauf hingewiesen worden, daß in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform das Brückenelement als Zusatzteil parallel zu dem den Einschnürungsabschnitt aufweisenden Abschnitt des Magnetflußkreises aufgebracht wird. Auch hier wäre eine Abwandlung in der Weise denkbar, daß beispielsweise ein Endabschnitt des Joches mit einem Längsschlitz versehen würde, um durch eine gabelförmige Gestaltung des Joches in einem Stück den eigentlichen Jochabschnitt und parallel dazu das Brückenelement auszubilden, wobei der Dauermagnet dann zwischen diese Gabelenden eingeklemmt würde. Der Hauptpfad des Jochabschnittes müßte dann mit einer Querschnittsverminderung bzw. Einschnürung versehen werden, was beispielsweise durch eine Bohrung senkrecht zur Längsausdehnung des Joches erfolgen könnte. Fertigungsmäßig dürfte jedoch in der Regel die Ausführung mit einem getrennt hergestellten und nachträglich aufgebrachten Brückenelement günstiger sein. Das Brü-kkenelement kann an dem Magnetkreisabschnitt, also beispielsweise dem Jochschenkel, mit einer der herkömmlichen Methoden befestigt werden, beispielsweise durch Kleben, Punktschweißen oder Laserschweißen.It has also already been pointed out that in the preferred Embodiment the bridge element as an additional part in parallel to the portion having the constricted portion of the magnetic flux circuit is applied. Would be here too a variation in the way that, for example an end portion of the yoke is provided with a longitudinal slot would in order through a fork-shaped design of the yoke the actual yoke section and parallel to it to form the bridge element, the permanent magnet then would get caught between these fork ends. The main path the yoke section would then have to be reduced in cross section or constriction, for example through a hole perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the yoke could be done. In terms of production, however, is likely the execution with a separately manufactured and retrofitted applied bridge element be cheaper. The bridge element can on the magnetic circuit section, for example the yoke leg, using one of the conventional methods are attached, for example by gluing, spot welding or laser welding.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigt

  • Figur 1 ein erfindungsgemäß gestaltetes Relais-Magnetsystem (ohne Kontaktanordnung) in perspektivischer Darstellung,
  • Figur 2 die Eisenkreisteile des Relais von Figur 1 in Explosionsdarstellung,
  • Figur 3 und 4 das Magnetsystem von Figur 1 in einer Seitenansicht (Spule und Kern im Längsschnitt) sowie in einer Draufsicht und
  • Figur 5 die schematische Darstellung eines abgewandelten, zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels.
  • The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • 1 shows a relay magnet system designed according to the invention (without contact arrangement) in a perspective view,
  • FIG. 2 shows the iron circuit parts of the relay from FIG. 1 in an exploded view,
  • 3 and 4, the magnet system of Figure 1 in a side view (coil and core in longitudinal section) and in a plan view and
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a modified, second embodiment.
  • Das in den Figuren 1 bis 4 gezeigte Magnetsystem besitzt ein U-förmiges Kernjoch 1 mit einem Kernschenkel 2 und einem Jochschenkel 3, deren stirnseitige Endflächen 4 und 5 in einer Ebene miteinander fluchten. Der Kernschenkel 2 trägt einen Spulenkörper 6 mit einer Wicklung 7. Außerdem ist an der Stirnfläche 4 des Kerns, oder genauer gesagt, in einer Kerbe zwischen der Stirnfläche 4 und einem Fortsatz 8 des Spulenkörpers ein plattenförmiger Anker 9 schwenkbar gelagert, der mit der Stirnfläche 5 des Jochschenkels als Polfläche einen Arbeitsluftspalt bildet. Mittels einer Rückstellfeder 10, die beiderseits am Fortsatz 8 des Spulenkörpers eingehängt ist und in einer Ausnehmung 11 an der Außenseite des Ankers angreift, wird der Anker in seine Ruhelage von dem Jochschenkel weg nach außen vorgespannt.The magnet system shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has one U-shaped core yoke 1 with a core leg 2 and one Yoke leg 3, whose end faces 4 and 5 in one Align plane with each other. The core leg 2 carries one Coil body 6 with a winding 7. In addition, the End face 4 of the core, or more precisely, in a notch between the end face 4 and an extension 8 of the bobbin a plate-shaped anchor 9 pivotally mounted with the end face 5 of the yoke leg as a pole face Working air gap forms. By means of a return spring 10, the is suspended on both sides of the extension 8 of the bobbin and engages in a recess 11 on the outside of the armature, the anchor is in its rest position by the yoke leg biased away to the outside.

    Der Jochschenkel 3 ist nahe seinem freien Ende mit einer Ausnehmung 12 versehen und bildet auf diese Weise einen Einschnürungsabschnitt 13 in Form von zwei schmalen seitlichen Stegen. Dieser Einschnürungsabschnitt könnte aber natürlich auch auf andere Weise gestaltet sein. Wichtig ist, daß dieser Einschnürungsabschnitt nur eine gewisse Menge an Magnetfluß bis zu seiner Sättigung aufnehmen kann und so den zusätzlichen Magnetfluß auf einen Parallelkreis zwingt, der durch einen flachen Dauermagneten 14 und ein ferromagnetisches Brükkenelement 15 gebildet ist. Zur geometrischen Unterbringung dieser Parallelkreiselemente ist der Jochschenkel 3 mit zwei Abstufungen 16 und 17 versehen. An der ersten Abstufung 16 ist das Brückenelement 15 so eingefügt, daß die Gesamtdicke des Jochschenkels an dieser Stelle mit dem Brückenelement der Grunddicke des Jochschenkels 3 entspricht. Durch die zweite Abstufung 17 wird zwischen dem Brückenelement 15 und dem Endabschnitt des Jochschenkels 3 ein Spalt gebildet, in welchem der Dauermagnet 14 mit einer quer zur Spaltlänge und zur Spaltbreite gerichteten Polarisierung angeordnet ist. Das bedeutet, daß der Dauermagnet mit einem Pol an dem Endabschnitt des Jochschenkels 3 und mit seinem entgegengesetzten Pol an dem Brückenelement 15 angekoppelt ist. Zum Ausgleich der durch die Abstufung 16 und 17 verminderten Dicke des Jochschenkels im Endbereich ist dieser Endabschnitt 18 verbreitert, so daß er einen ausreichenden Querschnitt und eine genügend große Polfläche 5 für den Erreger- und den Haltefluß aufweist. Entsprechend ist auch das Brückenelement 15 in dem dem Endabschnitt 18 gegenüberliegenden Bereich verbreitert, so daß der Steuerfluß über eine große Luftspaltfläche durch den Dauermagneten hindurch und neben dem Dauermagneten von dem Endabschnitt 18 zu dem Brückenelement 15 übertreten kann. Wie dargestellt, ist der Dauermagnet sehr flach und in Richtung seiner kurzen Achse polarisiert. Er kann beispielsweise eine Dicke in der Größenordnung von 0,3 mm besitzen.The yoke leg 3 is near its free end with a recess 12 provided and in this way forms a constriction section 13 in the form of two narrow side Stegen. This constriction section could of course be designed in a different way. It is important that this Constriction section only a certain amount of magnetic flux can absorb up to its saturation and so the additional Forces magnetic flux onto a parallel circuit passing through a flat permanent magnet 14 and a ferromagnetic bridge element 15 is formed. For geometrical accommodation this parallel circle element is the yoke leg 3 with two Gradations 16 and 17 provided. At the first gradation 16 the bridge element 15 is inserted so that the total thickness of the yoke leg at this point with the bridge element of the Basic thickness of the yoke leg 3 corresponds. By the second Gradation 17 is between the bridge element 15 and the end portion of the yoke leg 3 formed a gap in which the permanent magnet 14 with a transverse to the gap length and Slit width polarization is arranged. That means, that the permanent magnet with a pole on the end portion of the yoke leg 3 and with its opposite pole the bridge element 15 is coupled. To compensate for the by the gradation 16 and 17 reduced thickness of the yoke leg this end section 18 is widened in the end region, so that it has a sufficient cross section and a sufficient large pole face 5 for the excitation and holding flux having. Correspondingly, the bridge element 15 is in the the area opposite the end section 18 widened, so that the control flow through a large air gap area the permanent magnet and next to the permanent magnet from can pass over the end section 18 to the bridge element 15. As shown, the permanent magnet is very flat and in the direction polarized on its short axis. For example, it can have a thickness of the order of 0.3 mm.

    Die Funktion des beschriebenen Magnetsystems ergibt sich aus der Anordnung der einzelnen Teile. In dem dargestellten unerregten Zustand wird der Anker durch die Rückstellfeder 10 in den abgefallenen Zustand vorgespannt. Der Fluß des Dauermagneten 14 schließt sich über den Endabschnitt 18, sowie den Einschnürungsabschnitt 13 des Jochschenkels 16 und das Brükkenelement 15, während der Streufluß über die Polfläche 5 und den Arbeitsluftspalt zum Anker nicht ausreicht, den Anker entgegen der Rückstellkraft der Feder 10 anzuziehen.The function of the magnet system described results from the arrangement of the individual parts. In the unexcited illustrated Condition is the armature by the return spring 10 in prestressed the fallen state. The flow of the permanent magnet 14 closes over the end section 18, as well as the Constriction section 13 of the yoke leg 16 and the bridge element 15, while the leakage flux over the pole face 5 and the working air gap to the anchor is not sufficient, the anchor attract against the restoring force of the spring 10.

    Wird in der Spule eine Erregung erzeugt, die im Arbeitsluftspalt sich dem Dauermagnetfluß gleichsinnig überlagert, so wird der Anker angezogen. Nach Abschalten der Erregung bleibt der Anker angezogen, da der Einschnürungsabschnitt 13 des Jochschenkels in Sättigung geht und somit genügend Dauermagnetfluß über den Anker fließt, um diesen entgegen der Rückstellkraft der Feder 10 angezogen zu halten.If an excitation is generated in the coil, this is in the working air gap overlaps in the same direction as the permanent magnetic flux, this is how the anchor is pulled. After switching off the excitation the anchor remains attracted since the constriction section 13 of the yoke leg goes into saturation and thus sufficient permanent magnetic flux flows over the anchor to counter this To keep the restoring force of the spring 10 tightened.

    Wird die Spule dann aber entgegengesetzt erregt, wobei aufgrund der Sättigung im Einschnürungsbereich 13 ein Teil des Erregerflusses über den Magneten geht und diesen schwächt, überlagert sich der Erregerfluß dem Dauermagnetfluß im Luftspalt entgegengesetzt und bringt so den Anker mit Unterstützung der Rückstellfeder 10 zum Abfallen. Dabei reicht eine relativ schwache Rückstellfeder 10 bereits aus, um den Anker in der abgefallenen Position zu halten.
    Durch die einstückige Gestaltung des Kernjoches sind die Polfläche 5 und die Stirnfläche 4 des Kerns auf einfache Weise in eine Ebene zu kalibrieren, da der zusätzlich aufgebrachte Dauermagnet 14 mit dem Brückenelement keinen Einfluß auf die Geometrie zwischen Kernjoch und Anker hat. Die Stirnfläche 19 des Brückenelementes ist so weit vom Anker entfernt, daß sie nicht als Polfläche wirkt. Allenfalls könnte durch den Abstand dieser Stirnfläche vom Anker der Streufluß beeinflußt werden, um eine Feinabstimmung im Ansprechverhalten des Magnetsystems zu erreichen. Im übrigen ist es für die Fertigung am einfachsten, den Jochschenkel bei der Herstellung des Kernjoches durch Prägen mit den Abstufungen 16 und 17 zu versehen und nachträglich das Brückenelement einzubringen. Der Dauermagnet wird dabei zweckmäßigerweise zuerst auf das Brückenelement aufgebracht, beispielsweise geklebt, und dann wird das Brückenelement an dem Jochschenkel befestigt. Auch in diesem Fall ist eine Klebebefestigung die bevorzugte Montageart. Es wäre aber auch eine Punktschweißung oder eine Laserschweißung möglich. Das Magnetsystem kann in an sich bekannter Weise in einem Relais eingesetzt werden, wobei die nicht dargestellten Kontaktfedern über einen Schieber durch das freie Ende des Ankers betätigt werden können.
    If the coil is then excited in the opposite direction, and due to the saturation in the constriction region 13, part of the excitation flux passes over and weakens the magnet, the excitation flux overlaps the permanent magnetic flux in the air gap and thus causes the armature to drop with the support of the return spring 10. A relatively weak return spring 10 is already sufficient to hold the armature in the dropped position.
    Due to the one-piece design of the core yoke, the pole face 5 and the end face 4 of the core can be easily calibrated in one plane, since the additionally applied permanent magnet 14 with the bridge element has no influence on the geometry between the core yoke and the armature. The end face 19 of the bridge element is so far from the anchor that it does not act as a pole face. At best, the stray flux could be influenced by the distance of this end face from the armature in order to achieve a fine-tuning in the response behavior of the magnet system. For the rest, it is easiest for production to provide the yoke leg with the gradations 16 and 17 by embossing during the production of the core yoke and to subsequently insert the bridge element. The permanent magnet is expediently first applied to the bridge element, for example glued, and then the bridge element is fastened to the yoke leg. In this case, too, adhesive fastening is the preferred type of installation. However, spot welding or laser welding would also be possible. The magnet system can be used in a relay in a manner known per se, the contact springs (not shown) being able to be actuated by a slide through the free end of the armature.

    In Figur 5 ist schematisch eine andere Ausführungsmöglichkeit gezeigt. In diesem Fall ist ebenfalls ein U-förmiges Kernjoch 21 mit einem Kernschenkel 22 und einem Jochschenkel 23 gezeigt, wobei der Kernschenkel eine Spulenwicklung 24 trägt. Ein Anker 25 ist an der Stirnseite des Jochschenkels 23 gelagert und über eine Ankerfeder 26 gehalten bzw. in seine Ruhelage vorgespannt. Mit dem freien Ende des Kernschenkels 22 bildet der Anker den Arbeitsluftspalt. In diesem Fall besitzt der Anker einen Einschnürungsabschnitt bzw. einen im Querschnitt geschwächten Abschnitt 29, der in der Seitenansicht nicht sichtbar und deshalb nur gestrichelt angedeutet ist. Vor diesem Einschnürungsabschnitt 26 ist auf dem freien Ende des Ankers ein Dauermagnet 27 mit einer quer zur Längsausdehnung verlaufenden Polarisierung angeordnet, über dem ein ferromagnetischen Brückenelement 28 den oberen Pol des Dauermagneten parallel zum Einschnürungsabschnitt 29 an das gelagerte Ende des Ankers 25 ankoppelt. Das Brückenelement 28 ist in diesem Fall als einfache Platte ausgebildet, während der Anker einen Stufenabsatz mit der Dicke des Dauermagneten 27 aufweist. Denkbar wäre es aber auch, den Anker 25 mit dem Brückenelement 28 in einem Stück herzustellen und mit einem Schlitz von der Dicke des Dauermagneten 27 zu versehen und nachträglich den Dauermagneten in diesen Schlitz einzuklemmen. Auch in diesem Fall müßte eine Ausnehmung zur Bildung des Einschnürungsabschnittes 29 in den unteren, den Hauptfluß aufnehmenden Teil des Ankers eingebracht werden.Another possible embodiment is shown schematically in FIG shown. In this case there is also a U-shaped core yoke 21 with a core leg 22 and a yoke leg 23, wherein the core leg carries a coil winding 24. An anchor 25 is mounted on the end face of the yoke leg 23 and held by an anchor spring 26 or in its rest position biased. With the free end of the core leg 22 the anchor forms the working air gap. In this case owns the anchor has a constriction section or one in cross section weakened section 29 of the side view is not visible and is therefore only indicated by dashed lines. In front of this constriction section 26 is on the free end the armature a permanent magnet 27 with a transverse to the longitudinal extent extending polarization arranged over which a ferromagnetic Bridge element 28 the upper pole of the permanent magnet parallel to the constricted section 29 to the stored Coupled end of the armature 25. The bridge element 28 is in In this case designed as a simple plate while the anchor a step with the thickness of the permanent magnet 27th having. It would also be conceivable, the anchor 25 with the To produce bridge element 28 in one piece and with one To provide slot of the thickness of the permanent magnet 27 and subsequently clamp the permanent magnet in this slot. In this case too, there would have to be a recess for education of the constriction section 29 in the lower, the main river receiving part of the anchor.

    Claims (8)

    1. A bistable electromagnet system for a relay, having
         a core yoke ( 1; 21 ) carrying a coil (7; 24) and having two pole ends (4, 5),
         an armature (9; 25) which bridges the pole ends of the core yoke (1; 21) to form at least one operational air gap and forms therewith a magnetic flux circuit,
         a restoring device (10; 26) which pretensions the armature (9; 25) into a rest position in which it is raised away from the core yoke (1; 21), and
         a portion (13; 29) of the magnetic flux circuit which has a neck, being reduced in cross-section, with which a permanent magnet (14; 27) is connected in parallel,
         characterised in that parallel to the neck portion (13; 29) there is arranged a ferromagnetic bridge element (15; 28) which is coupled to the magnetic flux circuit (2, 3, 9; 22, 23, 25) over a large surface by means of a first end portion and forms with its other, second end portion an elongate slot with respect to the magnetic flux circuit, in which the permanent magnet (14; 27) is arranged polarised in the direction of the gap thickness, and in that the neck portion (13; 29) is dimensioned such that it is saturated by the flux of the permanent magnet when the armature (9; 25) is closed.
    2. A magnet system according to Claim 1, characterised in that the core yoke (1; 21) has a U-shaped form with a core limb (2; 22) carrying the coil and a yoke limb (3; 23), whereof the free end faces (4, 5) are flush with one another in one plane, and in that an end portion (18) of the yoke limb (3) carries the permanent magnet (14) with the bridge element (15).
    3. A magnet system according to Claim 2, characterised in that the yoke limb (3) has a reduced thickness and an increased width in the region in which the permanent magnet (14) is borne.
    4. A magnet system according to Claim 3, characterised in that the yoke limb (3) is recessed in stepped manner twice in its thickness with respect to its base cross-section, in the first stepped recess (16) the bridge element (15) being coupled to the yoke limb (3) and in the second stepped recess (17) the bridge element (15) being coupled with the permanent magnet (14) to the yoke limb (3).
    5. A magnet system according to Claim 4, characterised in that the stepped recesses (16, 17) of the yoke limb (3) are dimensioned such that the respective thickness of the yoke limb (3) with the bridge element (15) and where appropriate with the permanent magnet (14) corresponds to the base thickness of the core yoke (1).
    6. A magnet system according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the portion (18) of the yoke limb (3) adjoining the permanent magnet (14) forms, with its end face (5), an operational air gap with the armature (9), and in that the bridge element (15) has an end face (19) which is set back with respect to the yoke limb (3).
    7. A magnet system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the neck portion (29), the permanent magnet (27) and the bridge element (28) are provided on the armature (25).
    8. A magnet system according to one of Claims 1, 2 or 7, characterised in that the bridge element (15; 28) is made in one piece with the associated portion of the magnetic circuit (3; 25), and in that the permanent magnet (14; 27) is arranged in an elongate slot in the portion.
    EP97114392A 1996-10-08 1997-08-20 Bistable electromagnetic system for relay Expired - Lifetime EP0836212B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19641407 1996-10-08
    DE19641407A DE19641407C1 (en) 1996-10-08 1996-10-08 Bistable electromagnet system for relay

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0836212A2 EP0836212A2 (en) 1998-04-15
    EP0836212A3 EP0836212A3 (en) 2000-11-08
    EP0836212B1 true EP0836212B1 (en) 2004-03-24

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    ID=7808136

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP97114392A Expired - Lifetime EP0836212B1 (en) 1996-10-08 1997-08-20 Bistable electromagnetic system for relay

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    US (1) US5864271A (en)
    EP (1) EP0836212B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3949239B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE262731T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE19641407C1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2216087T3 (en)

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    DE102005046238A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Bi-stable electromagnetic relay has permanent magnet bonded to pivoting anchor
    CN102074418A (en) * 2009-11-25 2011-05-25 松下电工株式会社 Electromagnetic relay

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    CN202650990U (en) * 2012-07-02 2013-01-02 宁波福特继电器有限公司 Miniature high power magnetic latching relay
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE59711443D1 (en) 2004-04-29
    US5864271A (en) 1999-01-26
    JPH10125200A (en) 1998-05-15
    JP3949239B2 (en) 2007-07-25
    DE19641407C1 (en) 1998-01-15
    ES2216087T3 (en) 2004-10-16
    EP0836212A3 (en) 2000-11-08
    EP0836212A2 (en) 1998-04-15
    ATE262731T1 (en) 2004-04-15

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