EP0830918A2 - Wrench with driven socket - Google Patents

Abstract

The spanner has a socket (14) which can be fitted over a multi-sided nut or bolt-head. The socket is arranged on the end of a shaft (2), and has a toothed outer collar (17), and the spanner has drive equipment (3,4,5) with preferably one ratchet device (21) which allows relative twisting in one direction between the shaft and the socket. A cog wheel (18) is arranged between the socket and the drive equipment, so that it is engaged by one end (20) of the latter, in order for the socket to be twisted as a result of meshing between it and the collar. The drive equipment may also have a tappet (5), which engages with the cog wheel, and which is offset from its centreline.

Description

The invention relates to a wrench, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Wrenches are known, one on the head a screw or put on a nut and in one Bracket of a shaft end mounted nut, wherein a ratchet or ratchet device in one Direction of rotation a relative movement between the nut and the Allows shaft and locks in the other direction of rotation.

Such wrenches do a tedious job, always again put on to tighten or loosen the screw or mother superfluous, especially where the direct and free access to the screw or nut for a manual Rotation is no longer sufficient.

Especially in engine construction, but also in others Areas where individual mechanical and electrical Components are housed in a confined space and one direct free access to the individual components is often only is possible conditionally, have such driven Wrench application-specific shapes, can for example, be straight or angled and vary depending on the application Power transmission from the drive to the nut to be turned.

The daily use of the wrench on the Part with high torque, screws under power and nuts in hard to reach areas such as for example in engine construction, often lead to one Shortening their lifespan. For this reason it is Cost / benefit ratio between the manufacturing and Repair cost of a wrench and its Resilience is an essential aspect.

Simple structures have therefore proven their worth Wrenches where the nut has an outer Has ring gear, so that the rotary movement either with a chain that meshes with the ring gear on the nut is transmitted or the power transmission by means of a Tappet is made laterally, offset to the center line of the Sprocket with short interrupted impulse movements in this intervenes.

Due to the nut bracket and power transmission However, the nut is a nut surrounding these types Projection of the shaft inevitable. For screw heads or Nuts with a wrench size of 8 to 11 mm are included today's driven wrench shank widths or shaft diameter of approximately 22 mm is required. Also for smaller wrench sizes in the range up to 8 mm today's wrenches of this type are all-round Up to now a shaft overhang of approximately 5 mm unavoidable. However, this supernatant is needed for the Distance of a screw head or nut for example to a neighboring wall, so that the nut stored in the shaft of the wrench can be put on the nut or the screw head.

For reasons of space saving and in the course of constant Miniaturization, however, distances are getting smaller, so that, for example, during maintenance and repair work Components that hinder the use of the wrench first removed and then reinstalled must, which on the work mistakes and can increase costs.

The invention is therefore based on the object improved wrench of the above Provide kind of with a much smaller Survived the increasing demands of miniaturization is sufficient and simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture.

The task is already done in a most surprising way solved with the features of independent claim 1.

By simply arranging one, preferably hardened one Gear between the nut and a drive device, so that the power transmission between the drive and the nut is done indirectly via the gear, is a Wrench provided which is an essential smaller shaft width or a smaller diameter has a specified wrench size.

If a plunger is used that is offset to the center line of the gear engages with this, this has the Advantage that with short interrupted impulse movements is worked to also damaged, particularly firm or to loosen crooked screw heads or nuts.

For cost reasons, a simple, commercially available and hardened steel pin as advantageous proven, its end engaging with the gear is only ground in a D-shape.

Leave especially for wrench sizes of up to 8 mm even with self-resilient steel pin strengths in the area from about 2 mm to 3 mm with a by a spring preloaded tappet torques of approximately 3 Nm transmitted.

Is the plunger in an advantageous development in the Gear facing area held deflectable, can a correspondingly adapted engagement end of the plunger Stroke of up to approximately 5 mm per pulse movement reached will.

Various can be used for the pulse operation of the ram Drives are used so that the wrench ever as required and the respective environmental conditions a hydraulic, pneumatic or also electrical Drive is equipped.

Preferably, the plunger is simple or double-formed cam disc driven to the To keep the noise level as low as possible for the user.

Has been advantageous in place of the cam and Ram also demonstrated the use of a worm gear, because this works when there is no slip small size, long life, overload capacity and one distinguishes good efficiency, and a separate Pawl device is not necessary.

If an adjustment device is added to the shaft arranged, so the plunger or the screw with this aligned on site relative to the gear and the Power transmission to the nut can be controlled.

Is the shaft between the nut and the gear on the side angled and / or around a range of up to about 35 ° angled vertically to the shaft surface or over a Articulated device designed to be angled, the Applicability of the wrench essential increased.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying Drawings referring to four preferred Embodiments described in more detail.

Fig. 1

eine teilweise Querschnittsdarstellung einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubenschlüssels,

Fig. 2

eine Querschnittsansicht des Schafts im wesentlichen entlang der Längsachse der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

eine der Fig. 1 ähnliche Darstellung, jedoch mit einem seitlich abgewinkelten Schaft.

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht des Schafts einer dritten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubenschlüssels mit vertikal abgewinkeltem Schaft im Längsschnitt.

Fig. 5

eine teilweise Querschnittsdarstellung einer vierten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schraubenschlüssels.

Show it:

Fig. 1

2 shows a partial cross-sectional representation of an embodiment of the wrench according to the invention,

Fig. 2

2 shows a cross-sectional view of the shaft essentially along the longitudinal axis of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3

a representation similar to FIG. 1, but with a laterally angled shaft.

Fig. 4

a side view of the shaft of a third embodiment of the wrench according to the invention with a vertically angled shaft in longitudinal section.

Fig. 5

a partial cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the wrench according to the invention.

In the following, with reference to the in FIG. 1 to 3 illustrated embodiments of the described wrench according to the invention, wherein it should be mentioned that the figures for the sake of clarity are not to scale.

Fig. 1 shows a partially sectioned View of the designated 1 according to the invention Wrench. The wrench 1 includes one Shank 2 and one connected to it, not shown drive. The drive is pneumatic and rotates via a camshaft 3 at the end of the camshaft arranged simple cam disc 4 in the direction of the arrow A. A self-resilient steel pin designed as a plunger 5 with a thickness of approximately 3 mm is inside the shaft 2 arranged parallel to its longitudinal axis, whereby an enlarged end stop 6 of the plunger 5 abuts on the cam disc 4 to the rotational movement in to convert an essentially rectilinear impulse movement.

The shaft 2 consists, as can be seen in FIG. 2, from two superimposed metal halves 2a, 2b, the are preferably held together with rivets 7. To the Shaft 2 around is a protective strip 8 on the narrow side made of sheet metal or plastic attached to the inside of the shaft 2 against the ingress of dirt particles protects. The left shaft end 9 has a cylindrical Recess 10 with end faces 11 on (Fig. 1), which as Stop for one arranged in the recess 10 Serve coil spring 12.

The spiral spring 12 surrounds one of the Cam disk 4 adjoining end region 13 of the plunger 5 and is between the stop surfaces 11 and the stop end 6 of the plunger 5 in a preloaded initial state captured. This ensures that the spiral spring 12th the over the rotating camshaft 3 by means of 1 in a straight line to the right deflected plunger 5 back after each cam disc revolution moved to the initial state.

1 and 2, is at the right end of the Shank 2 a nut 14, i.e. an annular insert with at least one polygonal opening, in one a bearing comprehensive bracket 15 arranged and to the longitudinal axis of the Shaft 2 aligned. The nut 14 extends vertically through both shaft halves 2a, 2b and each has the opposite outer surfaces of the shaft 2 an opening 16. Furthermore, the nut 14 within the Shaft halves 2a, 2b an outer one surrounding the nut 14 Sprocket 17 on. A toothed wheel 18 is spaced apart from the nut 14 rotatably arranged so that the ring gear 17, the nut 14 and the teeth 19 of the gear 18 a meshing connection come in.

1, the radii of the ring gear 17 are correct and gear 18 roughly match, but this can Gear 18 have a substantially small radius, such as is described in more detail below, so that for the combing Connection only the distance between the teeth 19 with the teeth of the Sprocket 17 must match.

The engagement end 20 of the through the shaft 2nd Reaching plunger 5 is in the in Fig. 1 and 2nd shown initial state laterally to the center line of the Gear 18 is in contact with a tooth 19a and is on the side adjacent to the gear 18 D-shaped sanded.

Is in contact with another tooth 19c one end of a locking pin 21. The locking pin 21 is with its other end remote from gear 18 pivotably arranged in the shaft 2, the length of the Locking pin 21 is dimensioned so that in the illustrated Embodiment when pivoting the locking pin 21st the gear 18 is released in the clockwise direction and when swiveling counterclockwise blocking intervention takes place again. Alternatively can instead of the locking pin 21, for example applied by a spring to the gear Jack or a simple leaf spring can be used elastic in one direction to release the gear 18 is deformable.

If the camshaft 3 as described above driven in the direction of arrow A, the rotation of the Cam 4 by means of the plunger 5 in a straight line back and forth movement implemented. The plunger 5 will deflected to the right, the plunger end 20 against the Tooth 19a presses. Because of the parallel to the center line staggered arrangement of the plunger 5 becomes the tooth 19a shifted counterclockwise. The D-shaped ground end of the plunger 5 ensures that the tooth 19b the plunger end 20 in its deflection movement not disabled. The locking pin 21 is due to the Rotary movement of the gear 18 in the clockwise direction deflected by the tooth 19d and releases the gear 18.

Circulation of the camshaft 3 is so designed that the gear 18 just around a tooth 19th is rotated further. About the meshing connection with the Sprocket 17, the nut 14 is simultaneously in the direction of Turned clockwise a little further. Before the plunger 5 after a cam disc rotation again by means of the spring 12 is moved to the starting position, the locking pin 21 snaps back behind the tooth 19d and thus prevents one Turn back the gear 18. In the new starting position of the plunger 5, the plunger end 20 lies in front of the next one Deflection movement on tooth 19b. Due to the impulsive Movement of the plunger 5, the nut 14 is preferred a rotary motion of about 50 to 200 in particular preferably from 130 to 150 revolutions per minute imposed.

Because the plunger 5 is offset laterally to the center line on the gear 18 must attack this with everyone Turning the pulse movement tooth by tooth will be Gear 18 dimensioned so that the plunger 5 does not have the Gear ring 17 of the nut 14 protrudes. The opposite of the nut 14 required projection of the shaft 2 is thus essentially determined by the tooth depth of the ring gear 17 to a Intermeshing connection between the teeth 19 of the gear 18 and to ensure the ring gear 17. The connection between the respective teeth is during everyone Forward movement of the plunger 5 for a substantially lossless power transmission to the nut 14 and after this Movement of the plunger 5 for the effectiveness of the locking action necessary. In the wrench according to the invention, which combing this requirement of friction Connection met, covers the shaft width compared to Nut 14 essentially only by the tooth depth caused overhang of less than 3 mm.

Although the direction of rotation of the nut 14 is shown Wrench 1 by the arrangement of the plunger 5 is specified, the wrench is suitable due to of the openings 16 on both sides of the nut 14 by simple Turn the wrench 1 for both directions of rotation of tightening or loosening screw heads and Nuts.

Further embodiments of the shaft 2 are shown in FIGS 3 and 4 are shown. The structure of the wrench is essentially the same as that of FIGS. 1 and 2 except for the The fact that the shaft 2 in the area between the gear 18 and the nut 14 in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 is angled.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is the Shank 2 angled laterally, so that the nut 14 and that Gear 18 essentially as in FIGS. 1 and 2 shown, have parallel axes of rotation. The angle is fixed by the rigid shape of the shaft halves 2a, 2b given to transfer the torque to the laterally offset to the center line nut 14 securely to deliver.

In contrast, the shaft 2 in FIG. 4 is under one Angle to the shaft surface emerging from its plane angled upwards, the nut 14 and the gear 18th essentially have intersecting axes of rotation. To a to allow such angling of the shaft 2 are Teeth of the ring gear 17 set back to the edge thereof or rounded, the meshing connection guaranteed between the ring gear 17 and the gear 18 remains. The wrench can be used in this way a shaft angle of up to approximately 35 ° will.

As an alternative to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, where the bend is fixed by the angled Shaft halves 2a, 2b is specified, the Wrench also with a hinge between the Gear 18 and the nut 14 may be provided so that for the a straight shaft 2, as well as a shaft 2 angled to the shaft surface can be used. For this, the ring gear teeth in essentially each with an arched outward arch trained so that the teeth 19 of the gear 18 at Angling the shaft 2 in the predetermined by the arc Radius can be pivoted about the nut 14, also in this embodiment always the meshing connection is guaranteed.

It should be mentioned that also within the scope of the invention a combination of lateral and vertical bending of the shaft is conceivable.

In the invention shown in Fig. 5 The embodiment is that for guiding the plunger 5 formed area 22 of the shaft 2 in comparison to FIG. 1. significantly shortened. The engagement end 20 is nose-shaped an attachment 23 held on the steel pin and is in the initial state shown in Position of tooth 19b. The attachment 23 can, as in FIG. 5 shown, screwed onto the steel pin, but also with other connection techniques known to those skilled in the art be attached to this.

One end of a leaf spring 25 is against the tooth 19c and is with the end remote from the gear 18 in Shaft 2 arranged. The elastic deformability of the Leaf spring 25 is dimensioned such that it only rotates the Allows gear 18 counterclockwise.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, the Gear 18 by deflecting the plunger 5 against the Turned clockwise, the self-resilient Steel pin with the attachment 23 arranged thereon as a result of shortened area 22 additionally by the gear 18 Side, according to Fig. 5 down, deflected. Due to the nose-shaped engagement end 20 A rotation of the camshaft can thus be designed such that the plunger 5 experiences a stroke of up to approximately 5 mm and the gear 18 by two or more teeth 19 continues to rotate without the plunger 5 in its deflection movement is hindered.

To prevent undesired deflection of the plunger 5 to prevent perpendicular to the plane of the drawing is the attachment 23 dimensioned in such a way that it only slightly spaced from those not shown Shaft halves 2a and 2b is arranged.

As a result of the elasticity of the plunger 5 arises automatically after each cam circulation again the at Fig. shown starting position of the plunger 5.

It should be noted that also in the case of Fig. 5 embodiment shown a side and / or vertical bending of the shaft 2, as in relation to the 3 and 4 described, is conceivable.

Furthermore, the drive used in the 1 to 3 shown according to the invention Wrench not only pneumatic, but depending on Can also be done electrically or hydraulically.

In the context of the invention, the tappet can also be by means of Pistons are driven in place of a cam.

Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention, the drive to be releasably connected to the shaft 2, for example in order to Change drive type, i.e. to use a different drive or in the case of a damaged component of the shaft 2, easy to replace or to use different types for example, trained with different nut sizes Exchange shafts 2 as required.

As an alternative to that shown in Fig. 1 simple trained cam 4, this can for example be duplicated so that after every half Cam disc circulation a complete deflection of the Ram 5 is reached, resulting in the same Rotation speed of the camshaft 3 the transmitted Change the torque and the nut revolutions per minute.

To ensure that the gear 18 at each completed pulse of the plunger 5 always around the same An additional angle can be turned on the shaft Adjustment device can be provided with which the plunger end 21 relative to the teeth 19 gear 18 is aligned.

The thickness of the plunger 5 is 3 mm described embodiments for wrench sizes in Range of about 5 mm - 8 mm and can be used for Screw heads and nuts with smaller wrench sizes, where a lower torque for tightening or loosening is applied, further reduced. Furthermore can instead of a substantially round one Ram a flat or rectangular in cross section trained plunger may be provided.

The invention further includes embodiments in which instead of the plunger, for example, a chain or a worm gear is used, with a chain like this is arranged to run around the gear 18 without the to influence the required shaft projection. At a Worm gear hugs one at the end of a shaft manufactured worm preferably with one to four teeth on the gear 18 designed as a worm wheel. Because of the slip-free power transmission and self-locking effect against the freely selectable Direction of rotation, is both with a chain as well in the case of a worm gear, the use of a separate one Pawl or ratchet device not necessary.

Because the wrench 1 according to the invention is essentially constructed from commercially available individual parts, the inexpensive manufacture of the wrench is always guaranteed, even in the case of application-specific custom-made products.
In further embodiments of the invention, the plunger 5 does not engage the gearwheel 18 during the forward movement, ie during the movement in the direction of the gearwheel 18, but during the backward movement. This is achieved, for example, by an appropriately designed tip of the plunger, for example in the form of a barb. In a further embodiment of this special embodiment, the described pawl device and the drive device are adapted to the reverse direction of rotation of the gear wheel (18).

Reference symbol list:

1

Wrench

2nd

shaft

2a, 2b

Shaft halves

3rd

camshaft

4th

Cam disc

5

Pestle

6

Stop end of the ram

7

Rivets

8th

Protective strips

9

Shaft end

10th

Recess

11

End faces

12th

Coil spring

13

End area of the ram

14

Nut

15

bracket

16

Openings of the nut

17th

Sprocket

18th

gear

19th

teeth

19a-d

teeth

20th

Engaging end of the plunger

21

Lock pin

Claims (14)

Wrench (1) with a nut (14) which can be put onto a polygonal nut or a head of a screw, which has an outer ring gear (17) and is arranged at the end of a shaft (2), preferably a pawl device (21) which is arranged such that it allows a relative movement between the nut (14) and the shaft (2) in one direction of rotation and locks in the other direction of rotation,
and a drive device (3, 4, 5) which triggers this rotary movement, characterized in that
between the nut (14) and the drive device (3, 4, 5), a gear (18) is arranged so that one end (20) of the drive device is in engagement with the gear (18) and via a meshing connection between the Gear (18) and the ring gear (17), the rotary movement of the nut (14). Wrench (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that
the drive device comprises a plunger (5) which, offset from the center line of the gearwheel (18), engages with it. Wrench (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that
the plunger (5) consists of a hardened steel pin, the end (20) of which engages with the gear (18) is D-shaped. Wrench (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that
the plunger (5) is preloaded and self-resilient. Wrench (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that
the plunger (5) is held laterally deflectable in the area facing the gear (18). Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
the pawl device (21) releases the gear in one direction of rotation and locks in the other. Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
the drive device (3, 4, 5) periodically transmits pulses to the gearwheel (18) by means of the plunger (5). Wrench (1) according to one of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that
the tappet (5) is driven by a cam (4). Wrench (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that
the drive device has a worm gear, which additionally provides the function of the pawl device (21). Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that
the drive device comprises a hydraulic or pneumatic drive. Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that
the drive device comprises an electric drive. Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that
An adjusting device is arranged on the shaft (2) with which the drive device can be aligned relative to the gearwheel (18). Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that
the shaft (2) between the nut and the gear (18), preferably in an area of up to about 35 °, can be angled or angled so that the axes of rotation of the nut (14) and the gear (18) essentially intersect . Wrench (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that
the shaft (2) between the nut and the gear (18) is angled laterally, the axes of rotation of the nut (14) and the gear (18) being substantially parallel.

Images