EP0830516A1

EP0830516A1 - Disc brake, especially for motor vehicles

Info

Publication number: EP0830516A1
Application number: EP96919636A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Hermann Klaue
Original assignee: Klaue Hermann
Current assignee: Winkelmann Klaue Ilse
Priority date: 1995-06-08
Filing date: 1996-06-10
Publication date: 1998-03-25
Also published as: WO1996041965A1

Abstract

A disc brake, especially for motor vehicles, preferably private cars, with a ribbed, one or two-part, rotating, outwardly open brake housing which is designed for good heat dissipation, low brake pad wear and easy and rapid maintenance in such a way that outside the brake housing (1; 2, 3) there are one or more radially open brake calipers (7) secured to the stub axle (4) and bearing sheet sections (11) fitted with friction pads and suspended to move axially on the bolts (10) passing through the calipers, which can be inserted and removed through the caliper apertures (71, 91) and, for brake operation, the hydraulically, pneumatically, electromagnetically or mechanically operated actuators (12, 13, 14) are fitted between the sheet segments (11) on the caliper bolts (10) to be axially movable and press the sheet segments (11) with their friction pads against the inner running surface of the brake housing (1, 2, 3) for braking purposes.

Description

Disc brake, in particular for motor vehicles

The invention relates to a disc brake, in particular for motor vehicles, preferably passenger vehicles with a ribbed, one- or two-part, revolving, outwardly open brake housing.

Approximately in the same period of time, the partial lining disc brakes used exclusively in passenger cars were created, and the full lining disc brakes, which were previously mainly used in military tracked vehicles and tractors. The drum brakes in use up to that point probably had one of the partial disc brakes compared to the larger thermal capacity and the thermal expansion of the stationary and rotating brake part going in the same direction, but different radii of curvature of both brake parts occur, so that different braking effects occur during operation.

Part brake disc brakes with a caliper encompassing the rotating disc dissipate braking heat via radiation, and the thermal expansions of the stationary brake part overlap with the expansion of the circumferential part of the brake.

However, in order for a partial brake disc brake with its smooth brake disc rotating between the friction linings, which are fixed in the circumferential direction in the circumferential direction, to dissipate heat during stop braking, the disc must, however, reach a temperature at which the heat discharge by radiation begins. This Temperature is 600 ° C to 700 ° C. At such high temperatures, however, there is considerable wear on the topping, which is practically zero at a temperature of up to 300 ° C. For this reason, the friction linings of a taxi must be changed after around 10,000 km of running in heavy city traffic.

Since practically every automobile ^B finds taxi driving conditions ^M at today's traffic density in city traffic, which can be attributed to the traffic that is concentrated at the start and end of work, the brake pad wear has increased considerably. The idea that the brake load is reduced due to the use of ventilated brake disks does not apply because it has been proven that a thermal short-circuit due to radiation occurs in the hollow area of the brake disk.

In city traffic, a disc brake with a disc running between the friction linings has, in addition to increased lining abrasion, which has an adverse effect on the atmosphere, the property that the brake is released after subsequent stops due to the overlapping expansion of the friction lining and disc. The result is an extended build-up of brake pad dust. In addition, the vehicle must be brought back to its marching speed by a stronger engine load. This places an additional burden on the atmosphere.

The full lining disc brake behaves similarly to the drum brake with regard to heat dissipation, without having the disadvantages of the different radii of curvature in the frictional engagement.

In contrast, a disc brake with a rotating, radially ribbed brake housing with internal friction surfaces of the same weight and manufacturing effort, in which heat is dissipated via convection through the surrounding ribbed brake housing, remains at the same braking load on its friction surfaces below 300 ° C, i.e. in an area in which hardly any Pad wear occurs.

A disadvantage of the full-pad disc brakes, however, is the fact that - if this is also required less frequently - the brake for changing the friction lining the change of pads must be opened.

The invention has for its object to provide a disc brake with good heat dissipation and low brake pad wear, which allows easy and quick maintenance.

Starting from a disc brake of the type mentioned at the outset, this object is achieved according to the invention in that one or more radially open brake calipers connected to the wheel carrier are arranged outside the brake housing and are axially movably suspended on the screws penetrating the calipers with a friction lining wear equipped segment plates, which can be inserted and removed through the saddle openings and, for brake actuation, the hydraulically, pneumatically, electromagnetically or mechanically operated clamping devices are arranged between the segment plates on the saddle bolts, which are used to brake the segment plates with their friction linings against the inner treads press the brake housing.

With this measure, it is possible in a simple manner to positively influence the heat dissipation of the known partial lining disc brakes in the direction of heat dissipation via convection and thus to reduce the abrasion of the brake linings. At the same time, however, the structure according to the invention makes easy access to the brake system, here in particular the brake pads, in the direction of simple and quick replacement, which represents a particular advance in view of the large number of motor vehicles to which the invention is applicable .

The brake can have one or more calipers with one or more individual actuating devices per caliper, which can be reached separately or together via a control, each of the known actuations being possible. The brake housing can be in one piece or composed of two shells. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the brake housing consists of light metal, in particular particle-reinforced aluminum. The friction surface of the brake housing can be coated with AI2O3 his. The areas of the brake housing which have the friction surfaces preferably run out radially inward in conical connecting tube pieces which are connected to one another by ribs within the housing and lie opposite the outer brake housing lips.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, the rear wheel brake is preferably provided with a holding or parking brake device, which is preferably accommodated between two hydraulically or electrically actuated individual actuating devices which are offset on the circumference. This preferably hand-operated holding or parking brake can have a mechanically tightenable actuating device such that it has two actuating rings equipped with oppositely increasing inclined tracks, which can be rotated by Bowden cable and supported by balls on each actuating side and which in their inclined tracks comprise actuating balls which are used in the Actuation by means of a cable pull create the frictional connection, supported on each side, between the brake pads and the contact surfaces of the brake housing.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:

1 shows a section through a first embodiment along the line I-I in Figure 2;

FIG. 2 shows a partially sectioned side view of the first exemplary embodiment with a brake caliper having hydraulically actuated application devices;

3 shows a segment sheet of the

Embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2;

Figure 4 is a partial sectional view similar to Figure 1 of a second

Embodiment with electromagnetic actuating device; FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial section of a third exemplary embodiment using light metal, in particular particle-reinforced aluminum;

FIG. 6 shows a rear wheel brake design using the example according to FIG. 5 with a parking brake device;

FIG. 7 shows a single partial sectional view from FIG. 6;

8 shows a partial section along the line Vm-Vm in Figure 6;

In the pictures. 1 and 2, a hydraulically operated motor vehicle brake is shown. Fig. 1 shows the in. 2 with II marked cross-section through a motor vehicle wheel equipped with the brake. The wheel 14 is by wheel bolts I44 via the one-piece brake housing 1 equipped with radial ribs 1 \ with the wheel hub 43, which via angular roller bearings 42 on the journal 4j of the wheel carrier 4 is supported, screwed. The brake caliper 7 is fastened to the latter via a tube extension 5, which carries the segment plates 11 equipped with a friction lining by means of screws, which can be pulled out of the caliper opening 1 after the screws 10 have been removed.

The clamping device 12, which consists of a light metal housing with pistons 121 sealed therein and sealed by rubber rings 12γ, is also held in the circumferential direction by the screws 10. When changing the covering, the application device is supported by extensions 122 in the free space of the saddle.

For braking, the additional pressure oil required in the cylinder spaces of the application devices is supplied via the connecting pieces 123 and 124 and the bores 125 and 12g. The three cylinders arranged per saddle are through a bridge 12g, in which the oil bores 125 and 12o. are arranged, connected. The electrical actuation solution according to FIG. 4, like the hydraulic tensioning, can also be carried out by several individual elements lined up in a row. In this case too, the saddle structure corresponds to that of the hydraulic tensioning in FIG. 2.

In example Fig. 4, the brake housing is composed of two symmetrical parts 2 and 3, whereby casting and machining are facilitated without changing the thermal behavior.

As with the hydraulic solution, the electromagnetic actuation of this exemplary embodiment of the invention again consists of three identical individual actuations which are placed next to one another in the circumferential direction and which are based on the following individual structure.

When the brake is actuated, the housing part 16 carrying the magnetic coil IS generates a supporting force on the brake segment 11 which is applied to the brake housing half 2 during braking. The axial force absorbed by the magnet armature 17 is transmitted by the cup spring 18, which is in contact with the housing part 16 and the armature part 17 in both longitudinal directions, through a pot-shaped pressure piece 19. Since the action is the same as the reaction, the correspondingly increased tensile force transmitted through the spring plate is transmitted to both brake segments, albeit with an extended armature travel. As a result, the axially available space is used without having to enlarge the diameter of the cylindrical magnet coil.

An electric brake actuation has the advantage over reduced hydraulic hysteresis, whereby actuation and ABS can be improved.

In a still further embodiment of the invention, the circumferential, radially ribbed brake housing is manufactured in one piece and preferably from particle-reinforced aluminum, the friction surface parts of the housing being Knives are connected by ribs which lie opposite the radial housing ribs (FIG. 5).

This exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 is a rear wheel brake in which two pressure elements in hydraulic actuation and a mechanically actuated pressure element arranged in between, shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, which act on the same friction lining elements as well as the hydraulic elements . While the front wheel brakes have three elements shown in cross section in FIG. 5, the rear wheel brake has two and in the middle thereof the solution operated as a mechanical brake, as a holding brake and, in the event of danger, as a mechanical service brake, operated by a Bowden cable.

5 to 8, the light alloy wheel is marked with 20, the latter as well as the rotating brake housing 22-bearing axle flange with 21. The light metal brake housing 22 is constructed in such a way that the friction surface portions of the brake housing end at the inner diameter of the friction surfaces in conical constructions 223 and 224, which are connected to one another within the brake housing by ribs 221 and are opposite the outer brake housing ribs. The light metal caliper 24 fastened to the fixed axle flange 23 carries the brake shoes 25 and 26 equipped with friction lining on the threaded bolts 241. The caliper housing 27 carries on both sides of the mechanical tension the actuating pistons 29 sealed by sealing rings 28, which apply the brake shoes 25 and 26 during foot braking .

The mechanical brake application consists of two in the circumferential direction ansteigen¬ the inclined tracks -. The unwrapped profile in Fig illustrated 7 - equipped sheet-metal rings 30 and 31 which mounted over centering balls 252 ^{aur ^ a} ^ ^en brake shoes centering pins are mounted 251 and 261.

A Bowden cable 34, 35 rotates the two sheet metal rings 30, 31 against one another when the handbrake is actuated and generates the contact pressure of the two brake shoes 25 and 26 on the brake housing. This pulls the brake.

Claims

- CLAIMS

1. Disc brake, especially for motor vehicles, preferably for

Passenger vehicles with ribbed, one- or two-part, revolving, outwardly open brake housing, characterized in that one or more radially open brake calipers (7) connected to the wheel carrier (4) are arranged outside the brake housing (1; 2, 3) which carry segment plates (11) which are axially movably suspended on the saddle penetrating screws (10) and which are equipped with a friction lining, which can be inserted and removed through the saddle openings (7, 9j) and for brake actuation between the segment plates (11) on the Saddle bolts (10) are arranged so that they can move axially, the hydraulically, pneumatically, electromagnetically or mechanically operated application devices (12, 13, 14), which press the segment plates (11) with their friction linings against the inner running surfaces of the brake housing (1, 2, 3) for braking .

2. Disc brake according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuation takes place in a saddle (12, 13) accommodated individual actuations.

3. Disc brake according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in

Spare sheet that the individual actuations are connected to separate actuation circuits.

4. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the actuation is carried out electromagnetically.

5. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the brake housing is integrally formed.

6. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the brake housing consists of light metal, in particular particle-reinforced aluminum.

7. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the brake housing on the friction surfaces A ^ Oß-coated.

8. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the friction surface portions of the brake housing at the inner diameter of the Reib¬ surfaces in tapered connecting pipe pieces 223 and 224, which are interconnected within the housing by ribs 22j and opposite the brake housing outer ribs.

9. Disc brake according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that between two hydraulically or electrically actuated individual actuations offset on the circumference, a preferably serving as a holding or parking brake mechanically tightenable actuating device is accommodated, which consists of two with oppositely increasing inclined tracks 30j, 311 equipped, twisted by Bowden cable 33 to 35 and by balls 252 ^{un (1st}

Spare sheet 262 there are actuation rings supported on each actuation side, which comprise actuation balls 35 in their inclined paths which, when actuated by a cable 33, 34, 36, produce the frictional engagement, supported on each side, between the lining carriers 25 and 26 with the contact surfaces of the brake housing 22.