EP0828669B1 - Getränkebehälter - Google Patents

Getränkebehälter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0828669B1
EP0828669B1 EP96919944A EP96919944A EP0828669B1 EP 0828669 B1 EP0828669 B1 EP 0828669B1 EP 96919944 A EP96919944 A EP 96919944A EP 96919944 A EP96919944 A EP 96919944A EP 0828669 B1 EP0828669 B1 EP 0828669B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
insert
beverage
gas
secondary chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96919944A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0828669A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Clifford Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whitbread PLC
Whitbread and Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Whitbread PLC
Whitbread and Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9511036.7A external-priority patent/GB9511036D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9514602.3A external-priority patent/GB9514602D0/en
Application filed by Whitbread PLC, Whitbread and Co Ltd filed Critical Whitbread PLC
Publication of EP0828669A1 publication Critical patent/EP0828669A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0828669B1 publication Critical patent/EP0828669B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • B65D85/72—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials
    • B65D85/73—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for for edible or potable liquids, semiliquids, or plastic or pasty materials with means specially adapted for effervescing the liquids, e.g. for forming bubbles or beer head

Definitions

  • beer and other carbonated beverages are either dispensed from draught, or are supplied in individual containers, for example glass bottles or metal cans, each containing a single measure of the beverage.
  • individual containers for example glass bottles or metal cans, each containing a single measure of the beverage.
  • the beverage is usually transferred, either from draught or from the individual containers, into a large mouthed drinking vessel, for example a glass.
  • a large mouthed drinking vessel for example a glass.
  • the beverage is consumed directly from its individual container, however it is much easier to drink the beverage from a large mouthed drinking vessel rather than through the small dispensing aperture of a conventional bottle or can.
  • WO-A-92/17376 One solution to this problem is proposed in WO-A-92/17376 in which the beverage is supplied in a large mouthed plastics open topped container with a seal over the mouth of the container. To supply the beverage to a consumer, the seal is removed to reveal the majority of the mouth. In this way, the beverage is not dispensed into another container before supply to the consumer, and therefore the beverage can be supplied much more quickly.
  • the seal is either a lid which is heat sealed over the mouth of the container, in which case the lid includes a circumferential tear strip to allow its removal, or alternatively the seal is a screw cap having an internal thread which co-operates with an external thread of the container.
  • GB-A-2211813 discloses a beer can having an internal diaphragm member dividing the can into an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir containing nitrogen. When the can is opened, nitrogen bubbles through small holes in the diaphragm producing a good head on the beer as it is poured.
  • the present invention is referred to according a container to claim 1.
  • the system according to the invention is particularly beneficial as it gives a container for a carbonated beverage which, upon opening, gives an appearance as if it has been dispensed from draught without requiring the beverage to be dispensed from the container in which it has been stored, the substantially open wide mouth of the container enabling the beverage to be consumed easily and directly from the storage container. Therefore, the container provides a beverage with an improved appearance on serving, and which reduces the time required to supply the beverage to a consumer.
  • the secondary chamber may be a separate hollow insert such as that disclosed in our earlier application WO-A-91/07326, in which the insert is pressurised with inert gas, and includes a means to allow communication between the inside of the insert and the primary chamber upon opening of the container.
  • the means for allowing communication is a one-way valve, and more preferably the one-way valve is a duckbill valve.
  • the insert includes a gas permeable membrane through which gas from the beverage is able to pass to pressurise the insert.
  • the use of a duckbill valve is particularly beneficial as the aperture through which fluid is jetted varies with the pressure across the valve, thereby giving a substantially constant velocity jet.
  • the secondary chamber may be a separate hollow insert including a small aperture through which fluid contained in the insert is jetted into the beverage upon opening of the container.
  • the insert it is advantageous for the insert to include a downpipe extending from the small aperture towards the bottom of the insert, the insert also including a deformable portion around the aperture so that on opening of the container, the deformable portion flexes outwardly lifting the downpipe away from the bottom of the insert. This is advantageous as any beverage entering the insert through the small aperture will initially be retained in the downpipe. Upon opening, the bottom of the down pipe will lift away from any beverage collected in the bottom of the insert, and accordingly substantially only gas will be jetted from the insert.
  • fluid has been jetted into the beverage via a single restricted orifice.
  • This jet of fluid liberates gas bubbles from the beverage around the restricted orifice.
  • these small bubbles mix with the beverage and seed the generation of further gas bubbles.
  • the beverage is not dispensed from the container.
  • the insert may include a gas permeable membrane through which the gas jets over a large area, thereby liberating gas bubbles from the beverage over the large area.
  • the insert preferably includes radially extending means which expand to contact the sides of the container to hold the insert in position. These means are preferably fins. It is further preferred that the container includes a waisted portion of reduced diameter. In this way, the insert may be positioned below the waisted portion with radial fins contacting the side, thereby preventing the insert from falling out of the container. This is especially beneficial where the container is a glass or plastics container, since these materials tend to creep when the container is formed, and therefore it is not possible to manufacture the container and control the inner diameter within the same small tolerances possible for metal cans. Accordingly, it is not possible to make an insert which will always have a tight interference fit with a glass or plastics container.
  • the gas used to dose the container after filling is argon, rather than nitrogen as conventionally used.
  • argon is more permeable to argon than to nitrogen.
  • the use of argon therefore reduces the period required to pressurise the insert.
  • the overall internal pressure of the sealed container is reduced when using argon than when using nitrogen.
  • the seals over the large open mouths of the container have a large surface area, and therefore are unable to withstand as high a pressure as the closures on conventional containers.
  • the container is made of glass
  • it is preferably formed by first pressing the glass using a die to form a parison, and blowing the parison into the required shape.
  • the walls are preferably made from a laminate including one layer for providing structural stability of the bottle, such as polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), and an oxygen barrier material, for example nylon, orientated PET or poly-acrylonitrile (PRN). It is important to prevent oxygen from entering the container since oxygen may spoil the beverage. It is particularly preferred to use a laminate of polypropylene, an oxygen barrier and polyethylene-terephthalate.
  • the end closure may be a two-part seal including a first gas impermeable sheet fixed across the mouth of the container, and a second outer cap able to withstand the high pressure within the sealed container.
  • the inner seal may be heat sealed or adhered to the rim of the mouth of the container.
  • the outer cap may be attached by a screw thread, a bayonet fitting, or by an interference fit clip. It is preferred that the inner seal is arranged to be removed with the outer cover in a one-stage process, for example by perforating and becoming locked into the outer cover. This avoids the need for two covers being separately removed, and ensures the minimum time to dispense the beverage.
  • a one-piece gas impermeable, pressure resistant cover may be provided. Such a one-piece cover may be a clip-on, crimp-on or rip-off cap.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of an open topped container according to the present invention in which the container 1 includes a beverage 2 and an insert 3.
  • the insert 3 includes a means 4 through which fluid is jetted into the beverage 2 upon opening of the container 1, the insert 3 being fixed to the inside of the container 1 by radially extending ribs 5.
  • the container 1 includes a seal top 6 over the mouth 7 of the container 1.
  • FIGS 2 and 3 show a first example of an insert for use in the container 1.
  • the insert 10 includes a small aperture 11 in the insert's top 12.
  • a downpipe 15 is provided around the aperture 11 extending from the insert's top 12 towards the insert's bottom 13.
  • Hinged portions 16 are provided in the top 12 of the insert 10. Where the pressure on the outside of the insert is equal to or greater than the pressure on the inside, the hinged portions ensure the top 12 of the insert 10 is urged towards the bottom 13 of the insert, and in this case the bottom of the downpipe 15 will abut the bottom 13 of the insert.
  • the insert 10 is charged to a super-atmospheric pressure equal to that in the sealed container.
  • This charging may be achieved by including a gas permeable membrane in a wall of the insert 10. Gas from the carbonated beverage will gradually permeate through the membrane to charge the insert 10. Alternatively, gas may seep into the insert 10 through the downpipe 15. In these examples, to minimise liquid ingress during this charging, the container is inverted.
  • the insert 10 may be pre-charged with inert gas prior to filling and sealing the container.
  • the hinges 16 may initially withstand a pressure difference between the inside of the insert 10 and the surrounding atmosphere, but be modified, for example due to the high temperatures during pasteurisation, to flex at a low pressure difference upon opening the container.
  • the pressure in the container will rapidly vent to atmospheric.
  • the pressure inside the insert 10 will be greater than that in the container, and accordingly the top 12 of the insert 10 will be hinged upwards by the hinges 16 as shown in Figure 3, lifting the bottom of the downpipe 15 away from the bottom 13 of the insert. Gas from inside the insert will jet through the aperture 11 into the beverage causing shear in the beverage and the resultant liberation of gas bubbles.
  • the top 12 of the insert 10 flexes outwards, the bottom of the downpipe 15 lifts clear of the bottom 13 of the insert, and clear of any beverage 14 which may have leaked into the insert. This ensures that substantially no beverage 14 is jetted upon opening the container.
  • the hinges 16 are designed so that, even when the pressure inside the insert 10 is the same as the pressure inside the container, the top 12 remains hinged upwards with the downpipe 15 lifted above the base of the insert 10. This allows the complete equalisation of pressure between the container and insert 10.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative insert 20 which is substantially the same as that shown in Figures 2 and 3 except a plurality of apertures 11 and associated down pipes 15 are provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows yet another example of an insert for use in a container according to the present invention.
  • the insert 30 includes a depressed top 31 including an aperture 11 so that in its normal state, the aperture 11 is close to the bottom 32 of the insert 30.
  • the pressure inside the insert 30 exceeds the pressure in the container, and accordingly the top 31 flexes outwards about the hinged portion 16, lifting the aperture 11 clear of the bottom 32 of the insert 30 and allowing gas to jet through the aperture 11.
  • the hinges 16 are arranged such that when the top 31 has flexed outwards, the hinges 16 prevent the top 31 returning inwards.
  • FIG 6 shows a further example of an insert 40 which is similar to that shown in Figure 5.
  • the aperture is replaced by a one-way duckbill valve 41.
  • the duckbill valve abuts the bottom 44 of the insert 40. This abutment ensures no back leakage of the valve.
  • the top 42 of the insert 40 is arranged to flex about hinged portions 43 to lift the duckbill valve 41 clear of the bottom 44 of the insert 40 upon opening the drinking vessel.
  • a portion of the insert 40 includes a gas permeable membrane through which gas from the beverage enters the insert to pressurise the insert.
  • a similar insert 50 is shown in Figure 7. However, in this case a plurality of duckbill valves 51 are provided. In this case, the bottom of the duckbill valves 51 are spaced apart from the bottom 53 of the insert 50, and therefore there is no requirement for a hinged portion.
  • the insert 50 includes a gas permeable membrane 52 through which gas from the beverage pressurises the insert.
  • FIG 8 An alternative insert which may be used in the container of the present invention is shown in Figure 8.
  • This insert 64 shown in Figure 8 includes a gas permeable membrane 65 through which gas may pass easily, but which forms a substantial block to the flow of liquid.
  • gas contained within the insert 64 gushes through the gas permeable membrane 65 into the beverage 62 to liberate gas bubbles from the beverage 62.
  • the area over which gas passes into the beverage 62 is much greater than for a conventional restricted orifice, and therefore causes shear at many more sites giving an improved appearance.
  • As gas passes freely through the gas permeable membrane 65 there will be no risk from residual pressure in the insert 64.
  • the use of the gas permeable membrane 65 also allows for the charging of the insert 64.
  • the insert 64 is initially provided in the container 1 which is flushed with inert gas or otherwise inerted, in a conventional manner.
  • the container 1 is then filled and sealed with carbonated beverage 62. Gas from the beverage 62 permeates through the membrane 65, but liquid is kept from the inside of the insert 64, thereby charging the insert 64 with inert gas to a pressure substantially equal to that inside the container 1.
  • the gas permeable membrane 65 may be a hydrophobic membrane, such as microporous PTFE or Tyvek TM .
  • the pore size is about 0.2 ⁇ , and the membrane has a surface area of 300 to 700m 2 .
  • the container 1 may be divided by a partition wall 76 including a gas permeable membrane 75, as shown in Figure 9. This operates in a manner similar to the insert 64 with gas permeable membrane 65.
  • Figure 10 shows a plan view of an insert for use with the present invention.
  • the insert 3 may be any of these described previously in this application.
  • the insert 3 includes a plurality of radially extending fins 5, which in their extended condition have an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the container 1 in which the insert is held. In this way, the insert 3 may be pushed into the container 1 and the radial fins 5 extend to retain the insert in the bottom of the container 1.
  • the container 1 may be manufactured from glass or from plastics material. In either case, the vessel is formed to have a shape generally similar to a conventional beer glass, having a large mouth with a typical diameter of 64 mm. Where the container 1 is formed from glass, the glass is first formed into a parison by pressing it with a die. This parison is subsequently blown to the required shape. Where the container 1 is made from a plastics material, this is formed by blow moulding a plastics laminate which includes one layer for gas impermeability, for example, nylon, and a further layer for stability. In one example, the plastics may be a laminate having a polypropylene layer supporting a nylon layer which in turn supports a poly-ethylene-terephthalate (PET) layer.
  • PET poly-ethylene-terephthalate
  • the seal 6 over the mouth of the container 1 must be able to withstand the high internal pressures of up to seven atmospheres which are created within the container 1.
  • the closure may be a rip cap which is an aluminium cap crimped to the top of the container, and which includes weakened portions for allowing the ripping of the cap.
  • a cap is shown in plan view in Figure 11.
  • the cap 90 includes a ring pull 91 which is connected the perforations 92 around the edge of the cap. To open the cap, the ring pull is pulled and the cap tears around the perforations 92 allowing the cap 90 to be removed easily from the mouth of the container.
  • the seal may be in a two part form as shown in Figure 12.
  • a first seal 95 is heat sealed or adhered to the mouth of the container 1.
  • the seal 95 is a gas impermeable seal.
  • a secondary cap 96 is provided over the seal 95, the secondary cap 96 including projections 97 which clip into recesses 98 in the outside of the vessel 1 to snap the cap 96 in place.
  • the cap 96 is able to withstand the high pressures generated within the beverage container.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Devices For Dispensing Beverages (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Behälter (1) für ein kohlensäurehaltiges Getränk (2), der eine weite, offene Mündung oder Öffnung (7) aufweist, so daß das Getränk leicht und direkt aus dem Behälter konsumiert werden kann, wobei die Öffnung durch einen entfernbaren Endverschluß (6) verschlossen ist, und wobei der Endverschluß (6) entfernbar ist, um im wesentlichen die gesamte Öffnung (7) des Behälters (1) freizulegen, gekennzeichnet durch eine sekundäre Kammer (3,10,20,30,40, 50,64,74), die ein Strömungsmittel bei einem überatmosphärischen Druck enthält und ein Mittel (4,11,41,51,65,75) umfaßt, um die Kommunikation zwischen dem Inneren der sekundären Kammer (3,10,20,30,40,50,64,74) und dem Getränk (2) im Behälter (1) zu ermöglichen, so daß nach Entfernung des Endverschlusses (6) das Strömungsmittel aus der sekundären Kammer in das Getränk hinein ausgestoßen wird, um Gas vom Getränk (2) freizusetzen und eine schaumige Blume auf dem Getränk (2) zu erzeugen.
  2. Behälter (1) nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die sekundäre Kammer (3,10,20,30,40,50,64,74) einen separaten hohlen Einsatz (3,10,20,30,40,50,64,74) umfaßt, der mit einem inerten Gas unter Druck gesetzt ist, und einschließlich eines Mittels (4,11,41,51,65,75), um die Kommunikation zwischen dem Inneren des Einsatzes (3,10,20,30,40,50,64,74) und der primären Kammer nach dem Öffnen des Behälters (1) zu ermöglichen.
  3. Behälter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, ferner umfassend Fallrohr (15), das sich von dem Kommunikationsmittel (11) in Richtung zum Boden des Einsatzes (3,10,20) erstreckt, und wobei der Einsatz (4,10,20) ferner einen deformierbaren Teil (16) um das Kommunikationsmittel (11) herum umfaßt, so daß sich beim Öffnen des Behälters (1) der deformierbare Teil (16) nach außen biegt und das Fallrohr (15) weg vom Boden des Einsatzes (3,10,20) anhebt.
  4. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Kommunikationsmittel (4,11,41,51,65,75) eine Vielzahl von Düsenstellen umfaßt, durch die Strömungsmittel von der sekundären Kammer (3,10,20,30,40,50,64,74) in das Getränk (2) im Behälter (1) nach dem Öffnen des Behälters (1) ausgestoßen wird.
  5. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die sekundäre Kammer (3,10,20,30,40,50,64) ein getrennter hohler Einsatz ist und ein sich radial erstreckendes Mittel (5) umfaßt, das sich expandiert und mit den Seiten des Behälters (1) in Kontakt gelangt, um den Einsatz (3,10,20,30,40,50,64) in Position zu halten.
  6. Behälter (1) nach Anspruch 5, bei dem da sich radial erstreckende Mittel (5) durch Rippen gebildet wird.
  7. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, der einen tailienartigen Abschnitt mit veringertem Durchmesser umfaßt.
  8. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, der mit Argon nach dem Füllen und vor dem Verschließen dosiert ist.
  9. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Wände aus einem Laminat hergestellt sind, einschließlich einer ersten Schicht zum Vorsehen der strukturellen Stabilität des Behälters (1), zum Beispiel Polyethylen-terephthalat (PET), und einer zweiten Schicht eines Sauerstoff-Sperrmaterials, zum Beispiel Nylon, ausgerichtetes PET oder Polyakrylnitril (PRN).
  10. Behälter nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Endverschluß (6) eine zweiteilige Dichtung ist, einschließlich einer ersten gasundurchlässigen Lage, die quer über die Öffnung (7) des Behälters (1) fixiert ist, und einer zweiten äußeren Lage, die dazu in der Lage ist, dem hohen Druck innerhalb des verschlossenen Behälters (1) zu widerstehen.
  11. Behälter (1) nach Anspruch 10, bei dem die innere Dichtung wärmeversiegelt oder am Rand der Öffnung (7) des Behälters (1) befestigt ist.
  12. Behälter (1) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, bei dem die äußere Kappe durch ein Schraubgewinde, ein Bayonetverschluß oder durch einen Preßsitzklip befestigt ist.
  13. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, bei dem die Entfernung der Außenabdeckung so ausgelegt ist, daß sie die Entfernung der inneren Dichtung in einem einstufigen Verfahrensschritt bewirkt.
  14. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, bei dem der Endverschluß (6) eine einstückige gasundurchlässige druckfeste Abdeckung gebildet wird.
  15. Behälter (1) nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine um den Behälter herum aufgeschrumpfte Umhüllung.
EP96919944A 1995-06-01 1996-05-31 Getränkebehälter Expired - Lifetime EP0828669B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9511036.7A GB9511036D0 (en) 1995-06-01 1995-06-01 Beverage container
GB9511036 1995-06-01
GB9514602 1995-07-17
GBGB9514602.3A GB9514602D0 (en) 1995-07-17 1995-07-17 Beverage container
PCT/GB1996/001298 WO1996038351A1 (en) 1995-06-01 1996-05-31 Beverage container

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0828669A1 EP0828669A1 (de) 1998-03-18
EP0828669B1 true EP0828669B1 (de) 1999-12-01

Family

ID=26307132

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96919944A Expired - Lifetime EP0828669B1 (de) 1995-06-01 1996-05-31 Getränkebehälter

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0828669B1 (de)
AU (1) AU5840696A (de)
WO (1) WO1996038351A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2350097B (en) 1999-05-17 2002-11-13 Guinness Ltd Packaging for beverage containing gas in solution
DE10258791B4 (de) 2002-12-16 2007-03-22 Ball Packaging Europe Gmbh Flüssigkeitsbehälter-Einsatz mit zeitdeterminierter Positionierung in einer unter Gasdruck stehenden Flüssigkeit
EP1614638A1 (de) 2004-07-09 2006-01-11 Ball Packaging Europe GmbH Schwimmfähiger, mehrkammeriger Einsatz für Flüssigkeitsbehälter
GB0423237D0 (en) 2004-10-19 2004-11-24 Pandrol Ltd Railway track construction shims and method of constructing railway track
GB0601018D0 (en) * 2006-01-18 2006-03-01 Carbonite Corp Inserts for multiple component containers
DE102022129190A1 (de) 2022-11-04 2024-05-08 Ardagh Metal Packaging Europe Gmbh Behälter, Scheibenelement sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines metallischen Behälters

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6016823A (ja) * 1983-07-08 1985-01-28 Hoya Corp 模様入りガラス容器の製造法
JPS63154438U (de) * 1987-03-27 1988-10-11
GB2211813B (en) * 1987-10-29 1992-05-06 Price E J Drinks container
US4856708A (en) * 1988-09-22 1989-08-15 Joseph Giasi Adhesively secured container cover
IE70665B1 (en) * 1989-11-22 1996-12-11 Whitbread & Co Plc Carbonated beverage container
GB9015216D0 (en) * 1990-07-10 1990-08-29 Price Dev Ltd E J A beverage package
GB2254594B (en) * 1991-04-08 1995-06-07 Matthew John Searle A container for beer and other beverages
GB2268151B (en) * 1992-06-30 1996-01-31 Guinness Brewing Worldwide A beverage package and a method of packaging a beverage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5840696A (en) 1996-12-18
WO1996038351A1 (en) 1996-12-05
EP0828669A1 (de) 1998-03-18

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