EP0826099B1 - Method for identifying the cylinder phase of an internal combustion multicylinder four stroke engine - Google Patents

Method for identifying the cylinder phase of an internal combustion multicylinder four stroke engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0826099B1
EP0826099B1 EP96916198A EP96916198A EP0826099B1 EP 0826099 B1 EP0826099 B1 EP 0826099B1 EP 96916198 A EP96916198 A EP 96916198A EP 96916198 A EP96916198 A EP 96916198A EP 0826099 B1 EP0826099 B1 EP 0826099B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
phase
variation
cylinders
reference cylinder
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EP96916198A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0826099A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Genin
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Marelli France SAS
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Magneti Marelli France SAS
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Priority to EP99124420A priority Critical patent/EP0987421B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/06—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
    • F02P7/077—Circuits therefor, e.g. pulse generators
    • F02P7/0775—Electronical verniers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for recognizing or for tracking the cylinder phase of a multi-cylinder engine four-stroke cycle internal combustion type fitted with an individually controlled ignition system for each cylinder, and having a sensor, often called the engine angular position sensor, which is fixed relative to the engine and detects the passage next to the minus a position mark fixed on a rotating target, linked in rotation to the engine crankshaft, to provide a signal for the passage of the piston of a reference cylinder of the motor in a specific position, for example about 100 ° angle before the top dead center (P.M.H.) of this piston.
  • a sensor often called the engine angular position sensor
  • phase of the engine cylinders must be identified or recognized, that is to say that at all times during a engine cycle, we must know the position of each of the different engine pistons as well as phase or time of the engine cycle of each of the different cylinders of this last, and in particular the passage of the pistons to the position of P.M.H. at the start of the admission phase, in order to precisely define the time of fuel injection, and their transition to the position of P.M.H. at the start of the phase combustion-expansion, to precisely define the ignition (instant and ignition energy), in case the engine internal combustion is a spark ignition engine.
  • sequential injection consists in actuating the different injectors successively and in a given order, in order to inject the metered quantities of fuel to the cylinders under the most favorable conditions by report on the corresponding admission phases.
  • a sequential ignition system allows control successively and in a given order ignition in different cylinders, in the best conditions by relation to the corresponding combustion-expansion phases, that is to say, in practice, with an advance appropriate to ignition, compared to the P.M.H. at the start of the corresponding combustion-expansion, depending on conditions engine operation without triggering simultaneously unnecessary and sometimes disturbing spark in another cylinder which is in an engine time unsuitable for receiving ignition.
  • the ignition and / or injection installations sequential fuel for combustion engine internal generally include a control computer engine, which notably manages the ignition and injection of fuel, and which must, for this purpose, know permanently the phase of the cylinders in order to precisely follow the engine cycle in each of them, so that the engine control computer can calculate and control the quantity of fuel delivered by each injector, that is to say in fact the duration of injection, from a determined instant, on the one hand, and so that the calculator of engine control can calculate the instant of ignition and the trigger by the command of a corresponding ignition coil, on the other hand.
  • a control computer engine which notably manages the ignition and injection of fuel, and which must, for this purpose, know permanently the phase of the cylinders in order to precisely follow the engine cycle in each of them, so that the engine control computer can calculate and control the quantity of fuel delivered by each injector, that is to say in fact the duration of injection, from a determined instant, on the one hand, and so that the calculator of engine control can calculate the instant of ignition and the trigger by the command of a
  • a rotating target integral in rotation with the crankshaft or flywheel of the engine, and generally constituted by a toothed crown, the teeth of which, distributed around the periphery of the crown, constitute motor and speed rotation measurement marks position of the crankshaft, by scrolling opposite a sensor, for example with variable reluctance, fixed on the engine
  • a sensor for example with variable reluctance
  • at least one reference mark position for example consisting of a tooth and / or a space of width different from the others, in order to constitute a singularity compared to other teeth and / or spaces, evenly distributed, so as to mark on the crown toothed angular position zones corresponding to a determined phase of the piston stroke.
  • the position mark While parading in front of the fixed sensor, the position mark generates a distinctive signal each time the engine pistons pass in a known fixed position, which allows the computer motor control to calculate, among other things, the instants of passage at the top dead centers of the various pistons.
  • one engine cycle corresponds to two rotations of the crankshaft, so that the piston of the reference cylinder passes, during each cycle engine, twice by the P.M.H., but during two different phases of the engine cycle.
  • the order of ignition of the cylinders is usually given by the sequence 1, 3, 4, 2 and the pistons of cylinders 1 and 4 pass simultaneously to the point dead high, and alternately one at the start of a phase intake and the other at the start of a combustion-expansion phase, while the pistons of cylinders 2 and 3 pass also simultaneously at P.M.H., with an offset of one engine U-turn with respect to cylinders 1 and 4, and as these alternately at the start of an admission phase and at the start of a combustion-expansion phase.
  • a second sensor possibly of the same type as the first, for example with variable reluctance, and sensitive to scrolling facing landmarks, such as teeth, carried by a second rotating target, such as a ring gear, rotated at a speed which is half of that of the crankshaft, so that this second target performs one complete rotation per engine cycle.
  • a second rotating target such as a ring gear
  • the second target integral in rotation with the ignition distributor shaft or, more frequently, the camshaft or its drive pulley.
  • the second rotating target, driven with the camshaft has a single position marker, which cooperates with the second sensor to deliver a signal at two logical levels.
  • the cooperation of the first sensor with the first rotating target provides position information angularity of the piston of a reference cylinder, while the cooperation of the second sensor and the second target provides the phase information of this reference cylinder, reason why the whole of the second sensor and the second rotating target is generally referred to as a motor phase.
  • FR-A-2 692 623 offers a cylinder identification process which the economy of the motor phase sensor and replaces it with a analysis of the engine torque, to detect misfires of combustion following a command to stop injection of fuel in a reference cylinder, on the way from the piston of the latter to the P.M.H.
  • this process has the disadvantage that its implementation implements the presence not only of a angular position of the motor, to identify the passage to P.M.H. of the piston of a reference cylinder, but also a misfire detection system, capable of provide a signal to identify misfires of combustion occurring in the different cylinders.
  • Another disadvantage of this process is that it does not can only be used on an engine fitted with a individually controlled fuel injection system per cylinder, so it cannot be used on an engine equipped for example with an injection system of single-point type fuel and an installation sequential ignition.
  • the disturbance consists of a complete stop of the injection or ignition control for the reference cylinder, and the detection of the possible resulting variation in engine operation consists in detecting a possible misfire and the instant of the occurrence of this misfire.
  • EP-A-0 640 762 teaches to observe variations in rotational speed of the engine that result from the disturbance, and detect the acceleration passages of the cylinder piston reference under an acceleration threshold.
  • the purpose of this process is disadvantages of requiring the presence of a circuit misfire detector, such as FR-A-2 692 623, and not to allow the identification of the cylinders until after the switching the engine to stabilized speed, not from engine start.
  • the disturbance consists of a modification of the ignition time compared to a normal operation, for the reference cylinder, i.e. an increase or decrease in the advance or ignition delay, when the engine is idling, and the detection of any variation in the operation of the resulting engine consists in detecting possible irregularities in engine rotation and speed variations engine, or variations in the intake air flow with the engine idling, in a quasi-stabilized speed.
  • the problem underlying the invention is to remedy to the drawbacks of the processes known from EP-A-0 640 762 and FR-A-2 692 623, and to propose another recognition method of the phase of the cylinders than that known by DE-A-42 42 419 and which can be used on an engine equipped with an angular position sensor, without phase or misfire detection system, the engine capable of having an injection facility fuel to be individually ordered and / or to be individually controlled ignition system per cylinder.
  • the phase recognition process cylinders according to the invention can be used when the ignition is sequential and any injection, for example single-point, multi-point, "full-group" (i.e. by simultaneous injection on all cylinders) or semi-sequential, symmetrical, or semi-sequential asymmetrical, or sequential phased or sequential not phased.
  • the method of the invention of the type presented above and known in particular from DE-A-42 42 419 is characterized in that the control of said disturbance consists in controlling a modification of the ignition energy compared to normal operation, other than a complete shutdown of the ignition control, and in that the detection of any variation in operation of the resulting engine consists in detecting a possible variation of the engine torque and the time of occurrence of said variation in engine torque.
  • the engine being fitted with an ignition system individually controlled by cylinder, the same cylinders P.M.H. are ordered simultaneously from the moment of engine start or since the detection of an event likely to cause loss of knowledge of the phase of cylinders and until recognition of the phase of cylinders.
  • the method of the invention consists in observing the engine torque and detecting its variations by observing and detecting variations a signal representative of the gas torque value generated by each combustion in each of the cylinders of the engine.
  • the method is implemented works on an engine on which a rotating target, cooperating with said sensor to provide said pass signal of the piston of said reference cylinder in said position determined, is a ring gear, integral with the steering wheel or the engine crankshaft, and whose teeth distributed around its periphery constitute measurement marks, for which a position marker, forming a singularity on the crown, constitutes an indexing reference for measurement marks per turn of the flywheel or crankshaft, the sensor fixed relative to the motor being a sensor of scrolling of the marks and mounted in the vicinity of the crown, so that it is advantageously possible, as known by FR-A-2 681 425, to deliver a signal representative of the gas torque from the durations, speeds and variations of scrolling speeds of the markers in front of the sensor, thanks to the torque software sensor described in the aforementioned patent.
  • the method advantageously consists to bring the given time closer to the disturbance command of the instant detected of the occurrence of the variation of engine torque or no variation in engine torque by calculating the number of passages by the P.M.H. piston of the reference cylinder between said two instants or at from said given instant, and comparing it to at least one predetermined number, corresponding to a determined phase of the reference cylinder in the engine cycle, when the corresponding piston in said determined position.
  • the process of the invention can consist in carrying out at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps as soon as the engine starts, after at least the first passage of the piston of the reference cylinder in said determined position or, on the contrary, not to be carried out at least a cycle of said phase recognition steps only after a predetermined whole number of engine cycles counted at from the first passage of the piston of the reference cylinder in said determined position, the method being able moreover consist of substantially periodically relaunching at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps in order to confirm or correct the recognition of the phase of cylinders.
  • a spark-ignition engine with four stroke and four cylinder in line is schematically represented in M.
  • the ignition in the cylinders of the motor M is provided by four coils 1, 2, 3 and 4, each corresponding to the cylinder (not shown) of the same order of the motor M.
  • the coils 1, 2, 3 and 4 are sequentially supplied with electric current, to ensure ignition, by one unit engine control electronics 6 which controls in particular also the injection of fuel to the cylinders of the engine M.
  • this engine control unit 6 fulfills in particular the functions of a computer and includes one or more RAM, one or more read only memories as well as at least one processing unit produced in the form of a microprocessor or microcontroller.
  • the engine control unit 6 also includes different input and output interfaces for, respectively, receive input signals from different operating parameter sensors of the engine, in order to perform operations, and deliver output signals intended in particular for injectors fuel (not shown) and ignition coils 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  • Motor control unit input signals 6 include the pulses delivered by a sensor to variable reluctance 7, fixed on the motor block M and mounted opposite and close to a toothed crown 8 integral in rotation of the flywheel.
  • the crown 8 has equally spaced teeth 9, forming landmarks of measure, as well as a singularity 10, which constitutes a benchmark indexing teeth 9 and an angular position mark of the motor which, when it passes next to the sensor 7, makes that the latter delivers to unit 6 a signal indicating the passage of the pistons of cylinders 1 and 4 simultaneously P.M.H.
  • the sensor 7 is also sensitive to the movement of teeth 9 and 10 to deliver pulses proportional to the frequency of passage of teeth, so unit 6 can draw a signal from motor rotation speed.
  • unit 6 can also generate a signal representative of the gas couple generated by each combustion in each of the cylinders of engine M, from the pulses received from sensor 7.
  • Ignition in cylinders passing simultaneously at P.M.H. is controlled simultaneously from the moment of engine start or since the detection of any event likely to cause loss of knowledge of the phase of cylinders, until the recognition of this phase thanks to the process now described.
  • the observation of the engine torque and the detection of its variation resulting from the command of ignition disturbance on cylinder 1, chosen as reference cylinder, and the detection of the instant of the occurrence of this variation in engine torque can be provided by observation and detection of variations a gas torque signal represented by information of a different nature than that mentioned above, by example from pressure signals in the chambers of combustion.
  • This reconciliation between the moments of the command ignition disturbance and detection of its consequence on the engine torque can be ensured by comparison of the number of P.M.H. between these two moments with a predetermined threshold number, for example 2 P.M.H., so only if the signal 13 for variation of the engine torque is detected less than two P.M.H. after that of the order of the ignition disturbance 12, as is the case on the FIG. 3c, it can be deduced therefrom that the cylinder 1 was in the phase of combustion-expansion, while if the number of P.M.H. consecutive to that of the disturbance command 12 is greater than 2 before detecting a torque variation motor, as shown in Figure 3d, we deduce that the cylinder 1 was in the intake phase.
  • a predetermined threshold number for example 2 P.M.H.
  • the disturbance is controlled on the cylinder coil reference during a complete engine cycle.
  • One or more consecutive cycles of the stages of phase recognition described above may or may be carried out as soon as the engine is started, for example after the first or the first few passages of the piston of the cylinder 1 at P.M.H.
  • the cycle of recognition steps phase can be performed after the launch phase of the motor, i.e. after a predetermined whole number of engine cycles, this number being counted from, for example, from the first passage of the piston of cylinder 1 to the P.M.H.
  • the process of the invention advantageously finds its application in engines whose installations ignition and injection are sequential.

Description

L'invention concerne un procédé de reconnaissance ou de repérage de la phase des cylindres d'un moteur multicylindres à combustion interne à cycle à quatre temps, du type équipé d'une installation d'allumage à commande individuelle pour chaque cylindre, et comportant un capteur, souvent appelé capteur de position angulaire du moteur, qui est fixe par rapport au moteur et détecte le passage en regard d'au moins un repère de position fixé sur une cible rotative, liée en rotation au vilebrequin du moteur, pour fournir un signal de passage du piston d'un cylindre de référence du moteur dans une position déterminée, par exemple à environ 100° d'angle avant le point mort haut (P.M.H.) de ce piston.The invention relates to a method for recognizing or for tracking the cylinder phase of a multi-cylinder engine four-stroke cycle internal combustion type fitted with an individually controlled ignition system for each cylinder, and having a sensor, often called the engine angular position sensor, which is fixed relative to the engine and detects the passage next to the minus a position mark fixed on a rotating target, linked in rotation to the engine crankshaft, to provide a signal for the passage of the piston of a reference cylinder of the motor in a specific position, for example about 100 ° angle before the top dead center (P.M.H.) of this piston.

Pour optimiser le fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne à cycle à quatre temps, en particulier pour commander dans de bonnes conditions une installation d'allumage séquentiel et/ou une installation d'injection de carburant multipoint séquentielle, d'un tel moteur, il est connu que la phase des cylindres du moteur doit être repérée ou reconnue, c'est-à-dire qu'à chaque instant au cours d'un cycle moteur, on doit connaítre la position de chacun des différents pistons du moteur ainsi que la phase ou le temps du cycle moteur de chacun des différents cylindres de ce dernier, et en particulier le passage des pistons à la position de P.M.H. en début de phase d'admission, afin de définir précisément l'instant de l'injection de carburant, et leur passage à la position de P.M.H. au début de la phase de combustion-détente, afin de définir précisément l'allumage (instant et énergie d'allumage), pour le cas où le moteur à combustion interne est un moteur à allumage commandé.To optimize the operation of a internal combustion with four-stroke cycle, in particular to order an installation in good conditions sequential ignition system and / or a fuel injection system sequential multipoint fuel, of such an engine, it is known that the phase of the engine cylinders must be identified or recognized, that is to say that at all times during a engine cycle, we must know the position of each of the different engine pistons as well as phase or time of the engine cycle of each of the different cylinders of this last, and in particular the passage of the pistons to the position of P.M.H. at the start of the admission phase, in order to precisely define the time of fuel injection, and their transition to the position of P.M.H. at the start of the phase combustion-expansion, to precisely define the ignition (instant and ignition energy), in case the engine internal combustion is a spark ignition engine.

En effet, dans une installation d'injection électronique et multipoints de carburant, qui comprend au moins un injecteur par cylindre pour injecter des quantités dosées de carburant juste en amont de la ou des soupapes d'admission correspondantes, et dans laquelle les injecteurs sont actionnés périodiquement et au moins une fois par cycle moteur, l'injection séquentielle consiste à actionner les différents injecteurs successivement et dans un ordre donné, afin d'injecter les quantités dosées de carburant vers les cylindres dans les conditions les plus favorables par rapport aux phases d'admission correspondantes. De même, une installation d'allumage séquentiel permet de commander successivement et dans un ordre donné l'allumage dans les différents cylindres, dans les meilleures conditions par rapport aux phases de combustion-détente correspondantes, c'est-à-dire, en pratique, avec une avance appropriée à l'allumage, par rapport au P.M.H. au début de la phase de combustion-détente correspondante, en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement du moteur, cela sans déclencher simultanément d'étincelle inutile et parfois perturbante dans un autre cylindre qui se trouve dans un temps moteur inadapté à recevoir l'allumage.Indeed, in an electronic injection installation and multi-fuel points, which includes at least one injector per cylinder for injecting metered quantities of fuel just upstream of the intake valve (s) corresponding, and in which the injectors are operated periodically and at least once per cycle engine, sequential injection consists in actuating the different injectors successively and in a given order, in order to inject the metered quantities of fuel to the cylinders under the most favorable conditions by report on the corresponding admission phases. Similarly, a sequential ignition system allows control successively and in a given order ignition in different cylinders, in the best conditions by relation to the corresponding combustion-expansion phases, that is to say, in practice, with an advance appropriate to ignition, compared to the P.M.H. at the start of the corresponding combustion-expansion, depending on conditions engine operation without triggering simultaneously unnecessary and sometimes disturbing spark in another cylinder which is in an engine time unsuitable for receiving ignition.

Les installations d'allumage et/ou d'injection de carburant de type séquentiel pour moteur à combustion interne comprennent généralement un calculateur de contrôle moteur, qui gère notamment l'allumage et l'injection de carburant, et qui doit, à cet effet, connaítre en permanence la phase des cylindres afin de suivre de manière précise le déroulement du cycle moteur dans chacun d'eux, pour que le calculateur de contrôle moteur puisse calculer et commander la quantité de carburant délivrée par chaque injecteur, c'est-à-dire en fait la durée d'injection, à partir d'un instant déterminé, d'une part, et afin que le calculateur de contrôle moteur puisse calculer l'instant d'allumage et le déclencher par la commande d'une bobine d'allumage correspondante, d'autre part.The ignition and / or injection installations sequential fuel for combustion engine internal generally include a control computer engine, which notably manages the ignition and injection of fuel, and which must, for this purpose, know permanently the phase of the cylinders in order to precisely follow the engine cycle in each of them, so that the engine control computer can calculate and control the quantity of fuel delivered by each injector, that is to say in fact the duration of injection, from a determined instant, on the one hand, and so that the calculator of engine control can calculate the instant of ignition and the trigger by the command of a corresponding ignition coil, on the other hand.

Sur une cible rotative, solidaire en rotation du vilebrequin ou du volant d'inertie du moteur, et généralement constituée par une couronne dentée, dont les dents, réparties sur la périphérie de la couronne, constituent des repères de mesure de vitesse de rotation du moteur et de la position du vilebrequin, par défilement en regard d'un capteur, par exemple à réluctance variable, fixé sur le moteur, il est connu de disposer au moins un repère de position, par exemple constitué par une dent et/ou un espace de largeur différente des autres, afin de constituer une singularité par rapport aux autres dents et/ou espaces, régulièrement répartis, de façon à repérer sur .la couronne dentée des zones de position angulaire correspondant à une phase déterminée de la course des pistons. En défilant devant le capteur fixe, le repère de position génère un signal distinctif à chaque passage des pistons du moteur dans une position fixe connue, ce qui permet au calculateur de contrôle moteur de calculer, entre autres, les instants de passage aux points morts hauts des différents pistons.On a rotating target, integral in rotation with the crankshaft or flywheel of the engine, and generally constituted by a toothed crown, the teeth of which, distributed around the periphery of the crown, constitute motor and speed rotation measurement marks position of the crankshaft, by scrolling opposite a sensor, for example with variable reluctance, fixed on the engine, it is known to have at least one reference mark position, for example consisting of a tooth and / or a space of width different from the others, in order to constitute a singularity compared to other teeth and / or spaces, evenly distributed, so as to mark on the crown toothed angular position zones corresponding to a determined phase of the piston stroke. While parading in front of the fixed sensor, the position mark generates a distinctive signal each time the engine pistons pass in a known fixed position, which allows the computer motor control to calculate, among other things, the instants of passage at the top dead centers of the various pistons.

Cependant, dans un moteur à combustion interne à cycle à quatre temps, un cycle moteur correspond à deux tours de rotation du vilebrequin, de sorte que le piston du cylindre de référence passe, au cours de chaque cycle moteur, deux fois par le P.M.H., mais au cours de deux phases différentes du cycle moteur.However, in an internal combustion engine with four-stroke cycle, one engine cycle corresponds to two rotations of the crankshaft, so that the piston of the reference cylinder passes, during each cycle engine, twice by the P.M.H., but during two different phases of the engine cycle.

En particulier, pour les moteurs à quatre cylindres en ligne, numérotés successivement de 1 à 4 d'une extrémité à l'autre du bloc moteur, l'ordre d'allumage des cylindres est généralement donné par la séquence 1, 3, 4, 2 et les pistons des cylindres 1 et 4 passent simultanément au point mort haut, et alternativement l'un au début d'une phase d'admission et l'autre au début d'une phase de combustion-détente, tandis que les pistons des cylindres 2 et 3 passent également simultanément au P.M.H., avec un décalage d'un demi-tour moteur par rapport aux cylindres 1 et 4, et comme ces derniers alternativement au début d'une phase d'admission et au début d'une phase de combustion-détente.In particular, for four-cylinder engines in line, numbered successively from 1 to 4 at one end to the other of the engine block, the order of ignition of the cylinders is usually given by the sequence 1, 3, 4, 2 and the pistons of cylinders 1 and 4 pass simultaneously to the point dead high, and alternately one at the start of a phase intake and the other at the start of a combustion-expansion phase, while the pistons of cylinders 2 and 3 pass also simultaneously at P.M.H., with an offset of one engine U-turn with respect to cylinders 1 and 4, and as these alternately at the start of an admission phase and at the start of a combustion-expansion phase.

En conséquence, on sait qu'il n'est pas possible d'obtenir simultanément des informations de position angulaire et de phase des différents pistons d'un moteur à quatre temps à partir des seuls signaux résultant des passages de repères de position d'une couronne dentée entraínée avec le vilebrequin en regard d'un capteur fixé sur le moteur, c'est-à-dire à partir des seuls signaux procurés par un capteur de position angulaire du moteur constituant simultanément, le plus souvent, un capteur de la vitesse de rotation du moteur.As a result, we know that it is not possible obtain position information simultaneously angular and phase of the different pistons of a four beats from the only signals resulting from passage of position marks of a toothed crown driven with the crankshaft opposite a fixed sensor on the engine, i.e. from the signals only provided by an angular position sensor of the motor constituting simultaneously, most often, a sensor of the motor rotation speed.

Pour commander convenablement une installation d'allumage séquentiel et/ou d'injection séquentielle, il est connu d'utiliser des informations complémentaires, relatives à la phase des cylindres, et qui sont procurées par un second capteur, éventuellement du même type que le premier, par exemple à réluctance variable, et sensible au défilement en regard de repères, tels que des dents, portés par une seconde cible rotative, telle qu'une couronne dentée, entraínée en rotation à une vitesse qui est la moitié de celle du vilebrequin, afin que cette seconde cible effectue une rotation complète par cycle moteur. A cet effet, il est connu de rendre la seconde cible solidaire en rotation de l'arbre du répartiteur d'allumage ou, plus fréquemment, de l'arbre à cames ou de sa poulie d'entraínement. Il est notamment connu que la seconde cible rotative, entraínée avec l'arbre à cames, porte un unique repère de position, qui coopère avec le second capteur pour délivrer un signal à deux niveaux logiques.To properly order an installation sequential ignition and / or sequential injection, it is known to use additional, relative information in the cylinder phase, and which are provided by a second sensor, possibly of the same type as the first, for example with variable reluctance, and sensitive to scrolling facing landmarks, such as teeth, carried by a second rotating target, such as a ring gear, rotated at a speed which is half of that of the crankshaft, so that this second target performs one complete rotation per engine cycle. For this purpose, it is known to make the second target integral in rotation with the ignition distributor shaft or, more frequently, the camshaft or its drive pulley. It is especially known that the second rotating target, driven with the camshaft, has a single position marker, which cooperates with the second sensor to deliver a signal at two logical levels.

Ainsi, la coopération du premier capteur avec la première cible rotative procure l'information de position angulaire du piston d'un cylindre de référence, tandis que la coopération du second capteur et de la seconde cible procure l'information de phase de ce cylindre de référence, raison pour laquelle l'ensemble du second capteur et de la seconde cible rotative est généralement dénommée capteur de phase moteur.Thus, the cooperation of the first sensor with the first rotating target provides position information angularity of the piston of a reference cylinder, while the cooperation of the second sensor and the second target provides the phase information of this reference cylinder, reason why the whole of the second sensor and the second rotating target is generally referred to as a motor phase.

Mais la présence de deux capteurs et de deux cibles rotatives est un facteur d'augmentation des coûts et de l'encombrement et de complexité du montage.But the presence of two sensors and two targets is a factor in increasing costs and the size and complexity of the assembly.

Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, FR-A-2 692 623 propose un procédé de repérage des cylindres qui fait l'économie du capteur de phase moteur et le remplace par une analyse du couple moteur, pour détecter des ratés de combustion consécutifs à une commande de l'arrêt de l'injection de carburant dans un cylindre de référence, au passage du piston de ce dernier au P.M.H.To remedy these drawbacks, FR-A-2 692 623 offers a cylinder identification process which the economy of the motor phase sensor and replaces it with a analysis of the engine torque, to detect misfires of combustion following a command to stop injection of fuel in a reference cylinder, on the way from the piston of the latter to the P.M.H.

Plus précisément, ce procédé, pour produire un signal de repérage des cylindres, comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • l'arrêt de l'injection du carburant pour un cylindre donné de référence du moteur, à un instant précis et pendant une période donnée;
  • l'observation, grâce au signal de détection des ratés de combustion, de la survenue d'un raté pour le cylindre de référence suite à la non injection et de l'instant de détection du raté;
  • le calcul du nombre de P.M.H. séparant l'instant d'arrêt de l'injection pour le cylindre de référence et l'instant de détection du raté de combustion qui résulte de cet arrêt, et identification par déduction de l'instant de passage au P.M.H. admission ou explosion du cylindre de référence; et
  • l'élaboration du signal de repérage des cylindres, ce dernier, en phase avec le signal P.M.H., étant initialisé à l'instant de passage du P.M.H. admission ou explosion du cylindre de référence et reprenant l'ordre de succession des combustions dans les cylindres.
More precisely, this method, for producing a signal for locating the cylinders, comprises the following steps:
  • stopping the injection of fuel for a given engine reference cylinder, at a precise instant and for a given period;
  • the observation, thanks to the misfire detection signal, of the occurrence of a misfire for the reference cylinder following non-injection and of the instant of detection of the misfire;
  • the calculation of the number of TDCs separating the injection stop time for the reference cylinder and the combustion failure detection time which results from this stop, and identification by deduction of the changeover time at TDC admission or explosion of the reference cylinder; and
  • the development of the locating signal of the cylinders, the latter, in phase with the TDC signal, being initialized at the instant of passage of the TDC admission or explosion of the reference cylinder and taking up the order of succession of combustions in the cylinders.

Ce procédé a toutefois pour inconvénient que sa mise en oeuvre suppose la présence non seulement d'un capteur de position angulaire du moteur, pour repérer le passage au P.M.H. du piston d'un cylindre de référence, mais également d'un système de détection des ratés de combustion, apte à fournir un signal permettant le repérage des ratés de combustion survenant dans les différents cylindres.However, this process has the disadvantage that its implementation implements the presence not only of a angular position of the motor, to identify the passage to P.M.H. of the piston of a reference cylinder, but also a misfire detection system, capable of provide a signal to identify misfires of combustion occurring in the different cylinders.

Un autre inconvénient de ce procédé est qu'il ne peut être mis en oeuvre que sur un moteur équipé d'une installation d'injection de carburant à commande individuelle par cylindre, de sorte qu'il n'est pas utilisable sur un moteur équipé par exemple d'une installation d'injection de carburant du type mono-point et d'une installation d'allumage séquentiel.Another disadvantage of this process is that it does not can only be used on an engine fitted with a individually controlled fuel injection system per cylinder, so it cannot be used on an engine equipped for example with an injection system of single-point type fuel and an installation sequential ignition.

Pour économiser le capteur de phase ou remédier à des signaux de phase erronés ou défaillants d'un tel capteur, il a également déjà été proposé respectivement par EP-A-0 640 762 et DE-A-42 42 419 un procédé, pour la reconnaissance de la phase des cylindres d'un moteur multicylindres à combustion interne à cycle à quatre temps, équipé d'une installation d'allumage et/ou d'injection de carburant à commande individuelle pour chaque cylindre, et comportant un capteur pour fournir un signal permettant d'identifier le passage du piston d'un cylindre de référence du moteur dans une position déterminée, le procédé étant du type comprenant au moins un cycle des étapes consistant :

  • à commander, sur ledit cylindre de référence et à un instant donné lié au passage dudit piston du cylindre de référence dans ladite position déterminée, une perturbation de nature à provoquer une variation du fonctionnement du moteur,
  • à observer le fonctionnement du moteur et détecter une éventuelle variation de fonctionnement résultant de ladite commande de perturbation sur ledit cylindre de référence, et à détecter l'instant de la survenue de ladite variation de fonctionnement ou l'absence de variation de fonctionnement du moteur,
  • à rapprocher ledit instant donné de la commande de perturbation dudit instant détecté de la survenue de la variation de fonctionnement du moteur ou de ladite absence de variation de fonctionnement du moteur, pour en déduire la phase du cycle moteur dans laquelle se trouvait ledit cylindre de référence dans ladite position déterminée, et
  • à reconnaítre la phase de tous les cylindres du moteur à partir de la connaissance de la phase du cylindre de référence.
To save the phase sensor or remedy erroneous or faulty phase signals from such a sensor, it has also already been proposed by EP-A-0 640 762 and DE-A-42 42 419 respectively, for the recognition of the phase of the cylinders of a four-cycle cycle internal combustion multi-cylinder engine, equipped with an ignition and / or fuel injection installation with individual control for each cylinder, and comprising a sensor for supplying a signal making it possible to identify the passage of the piston of a reference cylinder of the engine in a determined position, the method being of the type comprising at least one cycle of the steps consisting in:
  • to control, on said reference cylinder and at a given instant linked to the passage of said piston of the reference cylinder in said determined position, a disturbance such as to cause a variation in the operation of the engine,
  • to observe the operation of the engine and detect a possible variation in operation resulting from said disturbance command on said reference cylinder, and to detect the instant of the occurrence of said variation in operation or the absence of variation in operation of the engine,
  • bringing said given instant closer to the disturbance command of said detected instant of the occurrence of the variation in engine operation or of said absence of variation in engine operation, in order to deduce therefrom the phase of the engine cycle in which said reference cylinder was located in said determined position, and
  • to recognize the phase of all engine cylinders from knowledge of the phase of the reference cylinder.

Dans EP-A-0 640 762, la perturbation consiste en un arrêt complet de la commande d'injection ou d'allumage pour le cylindre de référence, et la détection de l'éventuelle variation de fonctionnement du moteur qui en résulte consiste à détecter un éventuel raté de combustion et l'instant de la survenue de ce raté de combustion.In EP-A-0 640 762, the disturbance consists of a complete stop of the injection or ignition control for the reference cylinder, and the detection of the possible resulting variation in engine operation consists in detecting a possible misfire and the instant of the occurrence of this misfire.

Pour détecter un raté de combustion, EP-A-0 640 762 enseigne d'observer les variations de la vitesse de rotation du moteur qui résultent de la perturbation, et de détecter les passages des accélérations du piston du cylindre de référence sous un seuil d'accélération. Ce procédé a pour inconvénients de nécessiter la présence d'un circuit détecteur de ratés de combustion, comme FR-A-2 692 623, et de ne permettre l'identification des cylindres qu'après le passage du moteur en régime stabilisé, et non pas dès le démarrage du moteur.To detect a misfire, EP-A-0 640 762 teaches to observe variations in rotational speed of the engine that result from the disturbance, and detect the acceleration passages of the cylinder piston reference under an acceleration threshold. The purpose of this process is disadvantages of requiring the presence of a circuit misfire detector, such as FR-A-2 692 623, and not to allow the identification of the cylinders until after the switching the engine to stabilized speed, not from engine start.

Dans DE-A-42 42 419, la perturbation consiste en une modification de l'instant d'allumage par rapport à un fonctionnement normal, pour le cylindre de référence, c'est-à-dire à une augmentation ou une diminution de l'avance ou du retard à l'allumage, lorsque le moteur est au ralenti, et la détection de l'éventuelle variation de fonctionnement du moteur qui en résulte consiste à détecter d'éventuelles irrégularités de rotation du moteur et variations de régime moteur, ou encore des variations du débit d'air d'admission au moteur au ralenti, dans un régime quasi-stabilisé. Ce procédé a pour inconvénients d'être inapplicable sur moteur diesel, et de n'être efficace qu'après passage du moteur en régime quasi-stabilisé.In DE-A-42 42 419, the disturbance consists of a modification of the ignition time compared to a normal operation, for the reference cylinder, i.e. an increase or decrease in the advance or ignition delay, when the engine is idling, and the detection of any variation in the operation of the resulting engine consists in detecting possible irregularities in engine rotation and speed variations engine, or variations in the intake air flow with the engine idling, in a quasi-stabilized speed. This drawback of being inapplicable on engine to be efficient only after the engine has passed quasi-stabilized regime.

Le problème à la base de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients des procédés connus par EP-A-0 640 762 et FR-A-2 692 623, et de proposer un autre procédé de reconnaissance de la phase des cylindres que celui connu par DE-A-42 42 419 et pouvant être mis en oeuvre sur un moteur équipé d'un capteur de position angulaire, sans capteur de phase ni système de détection des ratés de combustion, le moteur pouvant avoir une installation d'injection de carburant à commande individuelle et/ou devant avoir une installation d'allumage à commande individuelle par cylindre. De la sorte, le procédé de reconnaissance de la phase des cylindres selon l'invention peut être mis en oeuvre lorsque l'allumage est séquentiel et l'injection quelconque, par exemple monopoint, multipoints, "full-group" (c'est-à-dire par injection simultanée sur tous les cylindres) ou semi-séquentielle, symétrique, ou semi-séquentielle asymétrique, ou séquentielle phasée ou encore séquentielle non phasée.The problem underlying the invention is to remedy to the drawbacks of the processes known from EP-A-0 640 762 and FR-A-2 692 623, and to propose another recognition method of the phase of the cylinders than that known by DE-A-42 42 419 and which can be used on an engine equipped with an angular position sensor, without phase or misfire detection system, the engine capable of having an injection facility fuel to be individually ordered and / or to be individually controlled ignition system per cylinder. In this way, the phase recognition process cylinders according to the invention can be used when the ignition is sequential and any injection, for example single-point, multi-point, "full-group" (i.e. by simultaneous injection on all cylinders) or semi-sequential, symmetrical, or semi-sequential asymmetrical, or sequential phased or sequential not phased.

A cet effet, le procédé de l'invention du type présenté ci-dessus et connu notamment par DE-A-42 42 419, se caractérise en ce que la commande de ladite perturbation consiste à commander une modification de l'énergie d'allumage par rapport à un fonctionnement normal, autre qu'un arrêt complet de la commande d'allumage, et en ce que la détection de l'éventuelle variation de fonctionnement du moteur en résultant consiste à détecter une éventuelle variation du couple moteur et l'instant de la survenue de ladite variation de couple moteur.To this end, the method of the invention of the type presented above and known in particular from DE-A-42 42 419, is characterized in that the control of said disturbance consists in controlling a modification of the ignition energy compared to normal operation, other than a complete shutdown of the ignition control, and in that the detection of any variation in operation of the resulting engine consists in detecting a possible variation of the engine torque and the time of occurrence of said variation in engine torque.

Le moteur étant équipé d'une installation d'allumage à commande individuelle par cylindre, les cylindres de même P.M.H. sont commandés simultanément depuis l'instant du démarrage du moteur ou depuis la détection d'un évènement susceptible de faire perdre la connaissance de la phase des cylindres et jusqu'à la reconnaissance de la phase des cylindres. The engine being fitted with an ignition system individually controlled by cylinder, the same cylinders P.M.H. are ordered simultaneously from the moment of engine start or since the detection of an event likely to cause loss of knowledge of the phase of cylinders and until recognition of the phase of cylinders.

Avantageusement en outre, le procédé de l'invention consiste à observer le couple moteur et à détecter ses variations par l'observation et la détection de variations d'un signal représentatif de la valeur du couple gaz engendré par chaque combustion dans chacun des cylindres du moteur.Advantageously also, the method of the invention consists in observing the engine torque and detecting its variations by observing and detecting variations a signal representative of the gas torque value generated by each combustion in each of the cylinders of the engine.

De préférence, dans ce cas, le procédé est mis en oeuvre sur un moteur sur lequel une cible rotative, coopérant avec ledit capteur pour fournir ledit signal de passage du piston dudit cylindre de référence dans ladite position déterminée, est une couronne dentée, solidaire du volant d'inertie ou du vilebrequin du moteur, et dont les dents réparties à sa périphérie constituent des repères de mesure, pour lesquels un repère de position, formant une singularité sur la couronne, constitue une référence d'indexation des repères de mesure par tour de volant ou de vilebrequin, le capteur fixe par rapport au moteur étant un capteur de défilement des repères et monté au voisinage de la couronne, de sorte qu'il est avantageusement possible, comme connu par FR-A-2 681 425, de délivrer un signal représentatif du couple gaz à partir des durées, vitesses et variations des vitesses de défilement des repères devant le capteur, grâce au capteur logiciel de couple décrit dans le brevet précité.Preferably, in this case, the method is implemented works on an engine on which a rotating target, cooperating with said sensor to provide said pass signal of the piston of said reference cylinder in said position determined, is a ring gear, integral with the steering wheel or the engine crankshaft, and whose teeth distributed around its periphery constitute measurement marks, for which a position marker, forming a singularity on the crown, constitutes an indexing reference for measurement marks per turn of the flywheel or crankshaft, the sensor fixed relative to the motor being a sensor of scrolling of the marks and mounted in the vicinity of the crown, so that it is advantageously possible, as known by FR-A-2 681 425, to deliver a signal representative of the gas torque from the durations, speeds and variations of scrolling speeds of the markers in front of the sensor, thanks to the torque software sensor described in the aforementioned patent.

Pour faciliter la détermination de la phase du cylindre de référence, le procédé consiste avantageusement à rapprocher l'instant donné de la commande de perturbation de l'instant détecté de la survenue de la variation de couple moteur ou de l'absence de variation de couple moteur en calculant le nombre de passages par le P.M.H. du piston du cylindre de référence entre lesdits deux instants ou à partir dudit instant donné, et en le comparant à au moins un nombre prédéterminé, correspondant à une phase déterminée du cylindre de référence dans le cycle moteur, au passage du piston correspondant dans ladite position déterminée.To facilitate the determination of the phase of the reference cylinder, the method advantageously consists to bring the given time closer to the disturbance command of the instant detected of the occurrence of the variation of engine torque or no variation in engine torque by calculating the number of passages by the P.M.H. piston of the reference cylinder between said two instants or at from said given instant, and comparing it to at least one predetermined number, corresponding to a determined phase of the reference cylinder in the engine cycle, when the corresponding piston in said determined position.

Le procédé de l'invention peut consister à effectuer au moins un cycle desdites étapes de reconnaissance de phase dès le démarrage du moteur, après au moins le premier passage du piston du cylindre de référence dans ladite position déterminée ou, au contraire, à n'effectuer au moins un cycle desdites étapes de reconnaissance de phase qu'après un nombre entier prédéterminé de cycles moteur compté à partir du premier passage du piston du cylindre de référence dans ladite position déterminée, le procédé pouvant en outre consister à relancer sensiblement périodiquement au moins un cycle desdites étapes de reconnaissance de phase afin de confirmer ou corriger la reconnaissance de la phase des cylindres.The process of the invention can consist in carrying out at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps as soon as the engine starts, after at least the first passage of the piston of the reference cylinder in said determined position or, on the contrary, not to be carried out at least a cycle of said phase recognition steps only after a predetermined whole number of engine cycles counted at from the first passage of the piston of the reference cylinder in said determined position, the method being able moreover consist of substantially periodically relaunching at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps in order to confirm or correct the recognition of the phase of cylinders.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention découleront de la description donnée ci-dessous, à titre non limitatif, d'exemples de réalisation décrits en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un moteur à allumage séquentiel avec son capteur de position angulaire,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique en élévation latérale du capteur angulaire du moteur de la figure 1, et
  • les figures 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d sont des chronogrammes en superposition représentant respectivement le signal du capteur des figures 1 et 2, les signaux de passage au P.M.H. des différents pistons du moteur, et deux détections possibles de variation du couple moteur suite à une modification d'allumage sur l'un des cylindres du moteur.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without implied limitation, of exemplary embodiments described with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sequential ignition engine with its angular position sensor,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic side elevation view of the angular sensor of the engine of FIG. 1, and
  • FIGS. 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d are superimposed timing diagrams representing respectively the signal from the sensor of FIGS. 1 and 2, the signals at TDC of the various pistons of the engine, and two possible detections of variation of the engine torque following a modification of ignition on one of the engine cylinders.

Sur la figure 1, un moteur à allumage commandé, à quatre temps et quatre cylindres en ligne est schématiquement représenté en M. L'allumage dans les cylindres du moteur M est assuré par l'intermédiaire de quatre bobines d'allumage 1, 2, 3 et 4, correspondant chacune au cylindre (non représenté) de même ordre du moteur M. Les bobines d'allumage 1, 2, 3 et 4 sont séquentiellement alimentées en courant électrique, pour assurer l'allumage, par une unité électronique de contrôle moteur 6 qui commande notamment également l'injection de carburant vers les cylindres du moteur M. De manière connue, cette unité de contrôle moteur 6 remplit notamment les fonctions d'un calculateur et comprend une ou plusieurs mémoires vives, une ou plusieurs mémoires mortes ainsi qu'au moins une unité de traitement réalisée sous la forme d'un microprocesseur ou micro-contrôleur. L'unité de contrôle moteur 6 comporte également différentes interfaces d'entrée et de sortie pour, respectivement, recevoir des signaux d'entrée, en provenance de différents capteurs de paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur, afin d'effectuer des opérations, et délivrer des signaux de sortie à destination notamment des injecteurs de carburant (non représentés) et des bobines d'allumage 1, 2, 3 et 4.In FIG. 1, a spark-ignition engine, with four stroke and four cylinder in line is schematically represented in M. The ignition in the cylinders of the motor M is provided by four coils 1, 2, 3 and 4, each corresponding to the cylinder (not shown) of the same order of the motor M. The coils 1, 2, 3 and 4 are sequentially supplied with electric current, to ensure ignition, by one unit engine control electronics 6 which controls in particular also the injection of fuel to the cylinders of the engine M. In known manner, this engine control unit 6 fulfills in particular the functions of a computer and includes one or more RAM, one or more read only memories as well as at least one processing unit produced in the form of a microprocessor or microcontroller. The engine control unit 6 also includes different input and output interfaces for, respectively, receive input signals from different operating parameter sensors of the engine, in order to perform operations, and deliver output signals intended in particular for injectors fuel (not shown) and ignition coils 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Classiquement, une séquence d'allumage des cylindres s'effectue dans l'ordre suivant : 1, 3, 4, 2.Conventionally, a sequence of ignition of the cylinders is done in the following order: 1, 3, 4, 2.

Les signaux d'entrée de l'unité de contrôle moteur 6 comprennent les impulsions délivrées par un capteur à réluctance variable 7, fixé sur le bloc du moteur M et monté en regard et à proximité d'une couronne dentée 8 solidaire en rotation du volant moteur. A sa périphérie, la couronne 8 présente des dents équiréparties 9, formant des repères de mesure, ainsi qu'une singularité 10, qui constitue un repère d'indexation des dents 9 et un repère de position angulaire du moteur qui, lorsqu'il passe en regard du capteur 7, fait que ce dernier délivre à l'unité 6 un signal indiquant le passage des pistons des cylindres 1 et 4 simultanément au P.M.H. De manière connue, le capteur 7 est également sensible au défilement des dents 9 et 10 pour délivrer des impulsions proportionnelles à la fréquence de passage des dents, de sorte que l'unité 6 peut élaborer un signal de vitesse de rotation du moteur. De plus, et comme expliqué ci-après, l'unité 6 peut également élaborer un signal représentatif du couple gaz engendré, par chaque combustion dans chacun des cylindres du moteur M, à partir des impulsions reçues du capteur 7.Motor control unit input signals 6 include the pulses delivered by a sensor to variable reluctance 7, fixed on the motor block M and mounted opposite and close to a toothed crown 8 integral in rotation of the flywheel. At its periphery, the crown 8 has equally spaced teeth 9, forming landmarks of measure, as well as a singularity 10, which constitutes a benchmark indexing teeth 9 and an angular position mark of the motor which, when it passes next to the sensor 7, makes that the latter delivers to unit 6 a signal indicating the passage of the pistons of cylinders 1 and 4 simultaneously P.M.H. In known manner, the sensor 7 is also sensitive to the movement of teeth 9 and 10 to deliver pulses proportional to the frequency of passage of teeth, so unit 6 can draw a signal from motor rotation speed. In addition, and as explained below, unit 6 can also generate a signal representative of the gas couple generated by each combustion in each of the cylinders of engine M, from the pulses received from sensor 7.

L'allumage dans les cylindres passant simultanément au P.M.H. est commandé simultanément depuis l'instant du démarrage du moteur ou depuis la détection de tout évènement susceptible de faire perdre la connaissance de la phase des cylindres, jusqu'à la reconnaissance de cette phase grâce au procédé à présent décrit.Ignition in cylinders passing simultaneously at P.M.H. is controlled simultaneously from the moment of engine start or since the detection of any event likely to cause loss of knowledge of the phase of cylinders, until the recognition of this phase thanks to the process now described.

Le procédé de reconnaissance ou de repérage de la phase des cylindres consiste à effectuer au moins un cycle des étapes suivantes. Comme représenté par la figure 3a, à la réception, par l'unité de contrôle moteur 6, de l'impulsion 11, délivrée par le capteur 7 et correspondant au passage au P.M.H. des pistons des cylindres 1 et 4, l'unité 6 commande simultanément les bobines 1 et 4 pour provoquer un allumage dans les cylindres 1 et 4 avec une perturbation d'allumage sur la bobine 1 par rapport à l'allumage normal, à l'instant du signal de P.M.H. 12 de la figure 3b. Cette perturbation d'allumage sur la bobine 1 consiste à modifier l'énergie d'allumage par rapport à celle normalement définie par l'unité 6. La figure 3c représente un signal 13 élaboré par l'unité 6 et correspondant à une variation détectée du couple moteur, qui se produit moins de 2 P.M.H. après l'instant de la modification de l'allumage 12 sur la bobine 1, mais en conséquence de la commande de cette perturbation d'allumage, ce qui permet de conclure que la variation de couple a été générée dans le cylindre 1 et donc que le piston du cylindre 1 était au P.M.H. du début d'une phase de combustion-détente à l'instant où l'unité 6 a commandé la perturbation de l'allumage pour ce cylindre. Le signal 13, témoignant de la variation du couple moteur en conséquence de la perturbation d'allumage sur la bobine 1 de l'un des deux cylindres dont les pistons sont au P.M.H. à l'instant de la perturbation, est un signal élaboré par l'unité 6 à partir de l'observation et de la détection des variations du couple gaz. A cet effet, l'unité 6 comporte le dispositif de mesure du couple d'un moteur thermique à combustion interne décrit dans le brevet français FR 2 681 425 et met en oeuvre le procédé décrit dans ce brevet, dont la description est incorporée dans le présent mémoire descriptif par voie de référence. Ce dispositif et ce procédé connus permettent d'élaborer un signal représentatif du couple gaz à partir des périodes, vitesses et variations des vitesses de défilement des dents 9 de la couronne 8 en regard du capteur 7. Pour plus de précisions, on se reportera au brevet français FR 2 681 425, et l'on se contente de rappeler que le procédé selon ce brevet, pour produire une valeur représentative du couple gaz moyen Cg engendré par chaque combustion du mélange gazeux dans les cylindres d'un moteur thermique à combustion interne, le moteur étant du genre comprenant :

  • des repères de mesure (les dents 9) disposés sur une couronne 8 solidaire du volant d'inertie ou du vilebrequin;
  • des moyens (la singularité 10) pour définir une référence d'indexation des repères (9), par tour de volant ou de vilebrequin;
  • un capteur 7 de défilement des repères 9, monté fixe au voisinage de la couronne 8;
comprend les opérations essentielles suivantes :
  • l'élaboration d'une valeur primaire représentative de la durée di de défilement de chacun des repères 9 devant le capteur 7;
  • le traitement de ladite valeur primaire di pour produire deux valeurs secondaires respectivement représentatives de la vitesse angulaire moyenne Ωm sur les repères 7 au cours d'une période des combustions dans le moteur M et de la projection EcosΦ, sur la ligne de référence de phase des repères afférents aux périodes angulaires de combustion, de la composante alternative E de la vitesse angulaire instantanée Ωi des repères à la fréquence des combustions dans le moteur; et
  • la combinaison de ces deux valeurs secondaires suivant une relation : Cg = -a.Ωm.EcosΦ + b.Ωm 2 et ainsi obtenir la valeur recherchée, les termes a et b étant des constantes déterminées expérimentalement.
The process for recognizing or locating the phase of the cylinders consists in carrying out at least one cycle of the following steps. As shown in FIG. 3a, on reception, by the engine control unit 6, of the pulse 11, delivered by the sensor 7 and corresponding to the passage at TDC of the pistons of the cylinders 1 and 4, the unit 6 controls simultaneously the coils 1 and 4 to cause an ignition in the cylinders 1 and 4 with an ignition disturbance on the coil 1 relative to the normal ignition, at the time of the TDC signal 12 of FIG. 3b. This ignition disturbance on the coil 1 consists in modifying the ignition energy compared to that normally defined by the unit 6. FIG. 3c represents a signal 13 produced by the unit 6 and corresponding to a detected variation of the engine torque, which occurs less than 2 TDC after the moment of the modification of the ignition 12 on the coil 1, but as a consequence of the control of this ignition disturbance, which makes it possible to conclude that the variation of torque was generated in cylinder 1 and therefore that the piston of cylinder 1 was at TDC from the start of a combustion-expansion phase at the moment when unit 6 commanded the ignition disturbance for this cylinder. The signal 13, testifying to the variation of the engine torque as a result of the ignition disturbance on the coil 1 of one of the two cylinders whose pistons are at TDC at the moment of the disturbance, is a signal produced by l 'unit 6 from observation and detection of gas torque variations. To this end, the unit 6 includes the device for measuring the torque of an internal combustion engine described in French patent FR 2 681 425 and implements the method described in this patent, the description of which is incorporated in the present specification by way of reference. This known device and method make it possible to develop a signal representative of the gas torque from the periods, speeds and variations in the running speeds of the teeth 9 of the crown 8 opposite the sensor 7. For more details, reference is made to French patent FR 2,681,425, and it is sufficient to recall that the method according to this patent, for producing a value representative of the average gas torque Cg generated by each combustion of the gas mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine , the engine being of the type comprising:
  • measurement marks (the teeth 9) arranged on a crown 8 integral with the flywheel or the crankshaft;
  • means (singularity 10) for defining an indexing reference of the marks (9), by turn of the flywheel or of the crankshaft;
  • a marker scrolling sensor 7 9, mounted fixed in the vicinity of the crown 8;
includes the following essential operations:
  • the development of a primary value representative of the duration d i of travel of each of the marks 9 in front of the sensor 7;
  • the processing of said primary value d i to produce two secondary values respectively representative of the average angular speed Ω m on the benchmarks 7 during a period of the combustions in the engine M and of the projection EcosΦ, on the reference line of phase of the benchmarks relating to the angular periods of combustion, of the alternating component E of the instantaneous angular speed Ω i of the benchmarks of the frequency of combustion in the engine; and
  • the combination of these two secondary values according to a relation: Cg = -a.Ω m .EcosΦ + b.Ω m 2 and thus obtain the sought value, the terms a and b being constants determined experimentally.

En variante, l'observation du couple moteur et la détection de sa variation résultant de la commande de perturbation d'allumage sur le cylindre 1, choisi comme cylindre de référence, et la détection de l'instant de la survenue de cette variation de couple moteur peuvent être assurées par l'observation et la détection de variations d'un signal de couple gaz représenté par une information d'une autre nature que celle mentionnée ci-dessus, par exemple à partir de signaux de pression dans les chambres de combustion.Alternatively, the observation of the engine torque and the detection of its variation resulting from the command of ignition disturbance on cylinder 1, chosen as reference cylinder, and the detection of the instant of the occurrence of this variation in engine torque can be provided by observation and detection of variations a gas torque signal represented by information of a different nature than that mentioned above, by example from pressure signals in the chambers of combustion.

Si, comme représenté par la figure 3d, et contrairement à la figure 3c, aucun signal de variation du couple moteur n'est délivré au travers de la surveillance de l'évolution du signal de couple gaz, en conséquence de la perturbation d'allumage commandée sur la bobine 1, cela signifie que cette perturbation d'allumage a été commandée alors que le piston du cylindre 1 se trouvait au P.M.H. en début d'une phase d'admission, et que donc le piston du cylindre 4, simultanément au P.M.H., était au début d'une phase de combustion-détente.If, as shown in Figure 3d, and unlike in Figure 3c, no torque variation signal engine is only delivered through the monitoring of the evolution of the gas torque signal, as a result of the ignition disturbance controlled on coil 1, this means that this ignition disturbance has been controlled while the piston of cylinder 1 was at P.M.H. in start of an intake phase, and therefore the piston of the cylinder 4, simultaneously with the P.M.H., was at the start of a combustion-expansion phase.

A partir de cette déduction, qui résulte d'un rapprochement entre l'instant de la détection du signal 13 de la survenue de la variation du couple moteur et l'instant de la commande de la perturbation d'allumage 12, on peut déduire la phase des cylindres 1 et 4 puis celle des cylindres 2 et 3.From this deduction, which results from a approximation between the moment of detection of signal 13 of the occurrence of the variation of the engine torque and the instant of the ignition disturbance control 12, you can deduce the phase of cylinders 1 and 4 then that of cylinders 2 and 3.

Ce rapprochement entre les instants de la commande de la perturbation d'allumage et de la détection de sa conséquence sur le couple moteur peut être assuré par comparaison du nombre de P.M.H. entre ces deux instants avec un nombre seuil prédéterminé, par exemple 2 P.M.H., de sorte que si le signal 13 de variation du couple moteur est détecté moins de deux P.M.H. après celui de la commande de la perturbation d'allumage 12, comme c'est le cas sur la figure 3c, on en déduit que le cylindre 1 était en phase de combustion-détente, tandis que si le nombre de P.M.H. consécutifs à celui de la commande de perturbation 12 est supérieur à 2 avant de détecter une variation de couple moteur, comme montré sur la figure 3d, on en déduit que le cylindre 1 était en phase d'admission.This reconciliation between the moments of the command ignition disturbance and detection of its consequence on the engine torque can be ensured by comparison of the number of P.M.H. between these two moments with a predetermined threshold number, for example 2 P.M.H., so only if the signal 13 for variation of the engine torque is detected less than two P.M.H. after that of the order of the ignition disturbance 12, as is the case on the FIG. 3c, it can be deduced therefrom that the cylinder 1 was in the phase of combustion-expansion, while if the number of P.M.H. consecutive to that of the disturbance command 12 is greater than 2 before detecting a torque variation motor, as shown in Figure 3d, we deduce that the cylinder 1 was in the intake phase.

Pour éviter toute ambiguïté dans la relation entre la commande de perturbation sur l'allumage de la bobine et sa conséquence sur la variation du couple moteur, la perturbation est commandée sur la bobine du cylindre de référence pendant un cycle moteur complet.To avoid any ambiguity in the relationship between the disturbance command on the ignition of the coil and its consequence on the variation of the engine torque, the disturbance is controlled on the cylinder coil reference during a complete engine cycle.

Un ou plusieurs cycles consécutifs des étapes de reconnaissance de phase décrites ci-dessus peut ou peuvent être effectués dès le démarrage du moteur, par exemple après le premier ou les quelques premiers passages du piston du cylindre 1 au P.M.H.One or more consecutive cycles of the stages of phase recognition described above may or may be carried out as soon as the engine is started, for example after the first or the first few passages of the piston of the cylinder 1 at P.M.H.

En variante, le cycle des étapes de reconnaissance de phase peut être effectué après la phase de lancement du moteur, c'est-à-dire après un nombre entier prédéterminé de cycles moteur, ce nombre étant compté à partir, par exemple, du premier passage du piston du cylindre 1 au P.M.H.Alternatively, the cycle of recognition steps phase can be performed after the launch phase of the motor, i.e. after a predetermined whole number of engine cycles, this number being counted from, for example, from the first passage of the piston of cylinder 1 to the P.M.H.

Il est également possible, après au moins un cycle des étapes de reconnaissance de phase effectué dès le démarrage du moteur, de relancer sensiblement périodiquement après le démarrage de nouveaux cycles de ces étapes de reconnaissance, afin de confirmer ou de corriger la connaissance de la phase des cylindres résultant du ou des cycles d'étapes de reconnaissance précédents. It is also possible, after at least one cycle phase recognition steps performed from engine start, restart periodically substantially after starting new cycles of these stages of recognition, to confirm or correct knowledge the phase of the cylinders resulting from the cycle (s) previous recognition steps.

Il est clair que l'exemple des figures 1 à 3 peut être appliqué à un moteur équipé d'une installation d'allumage à commande individuelle par cylindre, indépendamment de la nature de son installation d'injection.It is clear that the example of Figures 1 to 3 can be applied to an engine fitted with an ignition system individually controlled by cylinder, regardless of the nature of its injection facility.

Toutefois, le procédé de l'invention trouve avantageusement son application dans les moteurs dont les installations d'allumage et d'injection sont de type séquentiel.However, the process of the invention advantageously finds its application in engines whose installations ignition and injection are sequential.

Claims (9)

  1. Method for recognizing the phase of the cylinders of a multicylinder four-stroke internal combustion engine (M) equipped with an ignition system (1, 2, 3, 4, 6) controlled individually for each cylinder, and comprising a sensor (7) to supply a signal making it possible to identify that the piston of a reference cylinder of the engine is passing through a determined position, the method comprising at least one cycle of the steps that consist :
    in commanding, on said reference cylinder and at a given moment that is associated with said piston of the reference cylinder passing (11) through said determined position, a disturbance (12) liable to cause variation in the engine operation,
    in observing the engine operation and detecting a possible variation (13) in operation as a result of said command for disturbance (12) on said reference cylinder, and in detecting the moment at which said variation in operation (13) occurs or the absence of variation in engine operation,
    in examining the relationship between said given moment at which the disturbance (12) is commanded and said detected moment that the variation in engine operation (13) or said absence of variation in engine operation occurs, in order to deduce from this which phase of the engine cycle said reference cylinder was in when it passed through said determined position (11), and
    in recognizing the phase of all the cylinders of the engine (M) on the basis of knowledge of the phase of the reference cylinder,
    characterized in that commanding said disturbance (12) consists in commanding a modification to the ignition energy as compared with normal operation, other than completely stopping ignition command, and in that detecting any variation in engine operation as a result consists in detecting any variation (13) in engine torque and the moment that said variation in engine torque occurred.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinders with the same TDC are commanded simultaneously from the moment the engine is started or from the time that an event liable to cause knowledge of the cylinder phase to be lost is detected and right up until the phase of the cylinders is recognized.
  3. Method according to either of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it consists in observing the engine torque and in detecting its variations by observing and detecting variations in a signal that represents the value of the gas torque generated by each combustion in each of the cylinders of the engine (M).
  4. Method according to claim 3, for an engine (M) in which a rotary target, interacting with said sensor (7) to supply said signal indicating the passage of the piston of said reference cylinder through said determined position, is a ring gear (8) integral with the flywheel or crankshaft of the engine (M), and whose teeth (9) spread about its periphery constitute measurement marks, for which a position mark, which forms a unique feature (10) on the ring (8), constitutes a reference that indexes the measurement marks (9) per flywheel or crankshaft revolution, the sensor (7) fixed with respect to the engine being a sensor that senses the marks (9, 10) moving past it and which is mounted close to the ring gear (8), characterized in that it consists in delivering a signal that represents the gas torque on the basis of the periods, speeds and variations in speed at which the marks (9, 10) move past the sensor (7).
  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it consists in examining the relationship between said given moment of commanding a disturbance (12) and said detected moment that the variation in engine torque (13) or said absence of variation in engine torque occurs, by calculating the number of times that the piston of the reference cylinder passes through TDC between said two moments or starting from said given moment, and in comparing it with at least one predetermined number that corresponds to a determined phase of the reference cylinder in the engine cycle, as the corresponding piston passes through said determined position.
  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists in carrying out at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps as soon as the engine (M) is started, after at least the first time that the piston of the reference cylinder passes through said determined position.
  7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it consists in not carrying out at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps until after a predetermined whole number of engine cycles counted from the first time that the piston of the reference cylinder passes through said determined position.
  8. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists in repeating, fairly periodically, at least one cycle of said phase recognition steps in order to confirm or correct awareness of the phase of the cylinders.
  9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it consists in commanding said disturbance (12) on said reference cylinder during an engine cycle.
EP96916198A 1995-05-15 1996-05-13 Method for identifying the cylinder phase of an internal combustion multicylinder four stroke engine Expired - Lifetime EP0826099B1 (en)

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FR9505711 1995-05-15
FR9505711A FR2734322B1 (en) 1995-05-15 1995-05-15 METHOD FOR RECOGNIZING THE PHASE OF THE CYLINDERS OF A FOUR-TIME CYCLE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
PCT/FR1996/000725 WO1996036803A1 (en) 1995-05-15 1996-05-13 Method for identifying the cylinder phase of an internal combustion multicylinder four stroke engine

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WO1996036803A1 (en) 1996-11-21
DE69633642T2 (en) 2006-02-02
DE69609416D1 (en) 2000-08-24
ES2230791T3 (en) 2005-05-01
EP0987421B1 (en) 2004-10-13
FR2734322B1 (en) 1997-07-25
EP0987421A3 (en) 2002-08-28
US5970784A (en) 1999-10-26
EP0987421A2 (en) 2000-03-22
DE69633642D1 (en) 2004-11-18
DE69609416T2 (en) 2001-03-01
FR2734322A1 (en) 1996-11-22
EP0826099A1 (en) 1998-03-04

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