EP0824257B1 - Data transmission cable structure - Google Patents

Data transmission cable structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0824257B1
EP0824257B1 EP19970401868 EP97401868A EP0824257B1 EP 0824257 B1 EP0824257 B1 EP 0824257B1 EP 19970401868 EP19970401868 EP 19970401868 EP 97401868 A EP97401868 A EP 97401868A EP 0824257 B1 EP0824257 B1 EP 0824257B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyolefin
conductors
structure according
sheath
filler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19970401868
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0824257A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Girard
Daniel Prudhon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9610115A external-priority patent/FR2752326B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9612978A external-priority patent/FR2755291B1/en
Application filed by Nexans SA filed Critical Nexans SA
Publication of EP0824257A1 publication Critical patent/EP0824257A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0824257B1 publication Critical patent/EP0824257B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable structure data transmission.
  • the invention has aim to offer a cable for local network computer with good fire resistance and containing no halogenated material, the combustion of which produces harmful gases.
  • Document DE-A-43 32 914 discloses a cable non-flammable electric with conductors individual insulation, in particular polyethylene crosslinked, are surrounded by a polyolefin stuffing thermoplastic loaded with 100 to 250 parts of chalk or kaolin for 100 parts of polyolefin, then of a sheath exterior in PVC blend or in a specific polymer without halogen which becomes cellular under the effect of heat.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide a cable structure resistant to fire, using only common commercial products containing no halogenated material and retaining good transmission performance compatible with high frequencies. It is thus necessary that the insulator of the conductors has both a low relative permittivity: ⁇ r ⁇ 2.3 and practically independent of the frequency, and a very small loss angle at high frequency: tg ⁇ ⁇ 0.004 to 1 Mhz and ⁇ 0.01 to 100 Mhz.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a cable structure data transmission comprising at least two conductors, each conductor being isolated by a sheath insulating in a non-halogenated material, with low constant dielectric, characterized in that said conductors insulated are located within a polyolefin stuffing flame retardant with an oxygen limit index (ILO) of at least 40, surrounded by an aluminum or aluminum screen / polyester, then an outer sheath of flame-retardant polyolefin having an oxygen limit index (ILO) of at least 35%.
  • ILO oxygen limit index
  • a padding is used polyolefin loaded with kaolin or chalk in a proportion between 60 and 85% by mass.
  • This provision allows both to keep good transmission performance while ensuring good fireproofing and constituting a non-polluting cable, non-toxic and low smoke in case of of fire.
  • the difficulty was that, the materials known usable in cables are, halogenated materials being excluded, the much more combustible polyolefins that PVC and that fireproofing consists of including impurities which degrade the electrical characteristics.
  • the solution found therefore consists in isolating the conductors by an insulating sheath made of a material with low constant dielectric such as uncharged polyethylene, and this although its resistance to fire is poor, in order to maintain good qualities of electrical transmission, and ensuring fire resistance by other layers: stuffing, screen and the outer sheath.
  • the cable includes two copper conductors 1.
  • Each conductor has, for example, 0.62 mm in diameter and insulated with an insulating sheath 2 made of material with low dielectric constant such as polyolefin, for example polyethylene.
  • the insulation called: "foam-skin" consisting of a first layer of expanded polyolefin and a second solid polyolefin layer.
  • the outside diameter of the insulation is for example 1.2 mm.
  • the set of two insulated conductors is embedded in a jam 3 of polyolefin loaded with hydrated compounds having an index oxygen limit (ILO) greater than 40% and a low elongation at break: less than or equal to 50%.
  • ILO index oxygen limit
  • This screen 4 is disposed in aluminum or aluminum / polyester.
  • This screen has a role electrostatic screen against disturbances external. It also has a fire barrier function by reflection of thermal waves.
  • an outer sheath 5 in loaded polyolefin.
  • polyolefin It is for example a mixture of polyethylene, calcium carbonate with or without crosslinker of the "silane” type, these are products commercially available classics, for example under the brands “Megolon S300” or “Megolon S340” of the Lindsay and Williams company. Manufacturers do not give the precise composition but guarantee an ILO.
  • This sheath has an oxygen limit index of 35% minimum and a low thickness: from 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
  • Jam 3 has a function of fire resistance and spacing of the two conductors 1 of the aluminum screen 4.
  • Figure 2 shows another example of the structure of cable according to the invention which does not differ from that of the figure 1 only by the fact that instead of having two insulated conductors 1-2, we have two quarters of insulated conductors: a first quarter of isolated conductors 1-2 and a second quarter of insulated conductors 1A-2A.
  • a quarter consists of a twist of four insulated conductors: 1-2 for the first and 1A-2A for the second.
  • the two quartes are juxtaposed in parallel.
  • the jam 3 surrounds the two quarters in separating them.
  • the jam 3 has in addition, a role of mechanical maintenance of the geometry of each quarter, improving crosstalk in the quarter (between the two pairs of the same quarter); in addition, the stuffing also has a function of spacing the quartes which improves crosstalk between pairs of quartes different.

Description

La présente invention concerne une structure de câble de transmission de données. En particulier l'invention a pour but de proposer un câble pour réseau local informatique à bonne tenue au feu et ne contenant aucun matériau halogéné dont la combustion produit des gaz nocifs.The present invention relates to a cable structure data transmission. In particular, the invention has aim to offer a cable for local network computer with good fire resistance and containing no halogenated material, the combustion of which produces harmful gases.

On connaít des câbles résistant bien au feu utilisant des résines fluorés ou même des PVC, mais ces matériaux sont halogénés, donc dégagent des gaz toxiques en cas d'incendie.We know cables resistant to fire using fluororesins or even PVC, but these materials are halogenated, therefore give off toxic gases in the event of fire.

Le document DE-A-43 32 914 divulgue un câble électrique ininflammable dont les conducteurs sont munis d'une isolation individuelle notamment en polyéthylène réticulé, sont entourés d'un bourrage en une polyoléfine thermoplastique chargée de 100 à 250 parts de craie ou kaolin pour 100 parts de polyoléfine, puis d'une gaine extérieure en mélange PVC ou en un polymère particulier sans halogène qui devient cellulaire sous l'effet de la chaleur.Document DE-A-43 32 914 discloses a cable non-flammable electric with conductors individual insulation, in particular polyethylene crosslinked, are surrounded by a polyolefin stuffing thermoplastic loaded with 100 to 250 parts of chalk or kaolin for 100 parts of polyolefin, then of a sheath exterior in PVC blend or in a specific polymer without halogen which becomes cellular under the effect of heat.

L'invention a donc pour but de proposer une structure de câble résistant bien au feu, n'utilisant que des produits courants du commerce ne contenant aucun matériau halogéné et conservant de bonnes performances de transmission compatibles avec des fréquences élevées. Il est ainsi nécessaire que l'isolant des conducteurs ait à la fois une permittivité relative faible : εr < 2,3 et pratiquement-indépendante de la fréquence, et un très faible angle de perte à fréquence élevée : tg δ < 0,004 à 1 Mhz et < 0,01 à 100 Mhz.The invention therefore aims to provide a cable structure resistant to fire, using only common commercial products containing no halogenated material and retaining good transmission performance compatible with high frequencies. It is thus necessary that the insulator of the conductors has both a low relative permittivity: ε r <2.3 and practically independent of the frequency, and a very small loss angle at high frequency: tg δ <0.004 to 1 Mhz and <0.01 to 100 Mhz.

L'invention a ainsi pour objet une structure de câble de transmission de données comprenant au moins deux conducteurs, chaque conducteur étant isolé par une gaine isolante en un matériau non halogéné, à faible constante diélectrique, caractérisé en ce que lesdits conducteurs isolés sont situés au sein d'un bourrage de polyoléfine ignifugée ayant un indice limite d'oxygène (ILO) d'au moins 40, entouré d'un écran en aluminium ou en aluminium/ polyester, puis d'une gaine externe en polyoléfine ignifugée ayant un indice limite d'oxygène (ILO) d'au moins 35 %.The subject of the invention is therefore a cable structure data transmission comprising at least two conductors, each conductor being isolated by a sheath insulating in a non-halogenated material, with low constant dielectric, characterized in that said conductors insulated are located within a polyolefin stuffing flame retardant with an oxygen limit index (ILO) of at least 40, surrounded by an aluminum or aluminum screen / polyester, then an outer sheath of flame-retardant polyolefin having an oxygen limit index (ILO) of at least 35%.

On utilise par exemple pour le bourrage une polyoléfine chargée de kaolin ou de craie dans une proportion comprise entre 60 et 85 % en masse.For example, a padding is used polyolefin loaded with kaolin or chalk in a proportion between 60 and 85% by mass.

Cette disposition permet à la fois de conserver de bonnes performances de transmission tout en assurant une bonne ignifugation et en constituant un câble non polluant, non toxique et à faible dégagement de fumée en cas d'incendie.This provision allows both to keep good transmission performance while ensuring good fireproofing and constituting a non-polluting cable, non-toxic and low smoke in case of of fire.

La difficulté consistait en ce que, les matériaux connus utilisables en câblerie sont, les matériaux halogénés étant exclus, les polyoléfines beaucoup plus combustibles que les PVC et que l'ignifugation consiste à y inclure des impuretés qui dégradent les caractéristiques électriques. La solution trouvée consiste donc à isoler les conducteurs par une gaine isolante en un matériau à faible constante diélectrique tel que du polyéthylène non chargé, et ceci bien que sa tenue au feu soit médiocre, afin de maintenir de bonnes qualités de transmission électrique, et d'assurer la tenue au feu par les autres couches : le bourrage, l'écran et la gaine externe.The difficulty was that, the materials known usable in cables are, halogenated materials being excluded, the much more combustible polyolefins that PVC and that fireproofing consists of including impurities which degrade the electrical characteristics. The solution found therefore consists in isolating the conductors by an insulating sheath made of a material with low constant dielectric such as uncharged polyethylene, and this although its resistance to fire is poor, in order to maintain good qualities of electrical transmission, and ensuring fire resistance by other layers: stuffing, screen and the outer sheath.

On va maintenant donner la description des deux exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention en se référant au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • la figure 1 montre, en section, une structure de câble à deux conducteurs selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre, en section, une structure de câble à deux quartes de conducteurs, selon l'invention.
    • We will now give the description of the two examples of implementation of the invention with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 shows, in section, a cable structure with two conductors according to the invention,
  • Figure 2 shows, in section, a cable structure with two quarters of conductors, according to the invention.

    • En se référant à la figure 1, le câble comprend deux conducteurs de cuivre 1. Chaque conducteur a, par exemple, un diamètre de 0,62 mm et est isolé avec une gaine isolante 2 en matériau à faible constante diélectrique tel qu'une polyoléfine, du polyéthylène par exemple. On utilise par exemple l'isolation appelée : " foam-skin " constituée d'une première couche en polyoléfine expansée et d'une seconde couche en polyoléfine massive. Le diamètre extérieur de l'isolant est par exemple de 1,2 mm. L'ensemble des deux conducteurs isolés est noyé au sein d'un bourrage 3 de polyoléfine chargée de composés hydratés ayant un indice limite d'oxygène (ILO) supérieur à 40 % et un faible allongement à la rupture : inférieur ou égal à 50 %. On prendra par exemple du polyéthylène chargé de craie ou de kaolin en une teneur comprise entre 60 et 85 % en masse.Referring to Figure 1, the cable includes two copper conductors 1. Each conductor has, for example, 0.62 mm in diameter and insulated with an insulating sheath 2 made of material with low dielectric constant such as polyolefin, for example polyethylene. We use by example the insulation called: "foam-skin" consisting of a first layer of expanded polyolefin and a second solid polyolefin layer. The outside diameter of the insulation is for example 1.2 mm. The set of two insulated conductors is embedded in a jam 3 of polyolefin loaded with hydrated compounds having an index oxygen limit (ILO) greater than 40% and a low elongation at break: less than or equal to 50%. We take for example polyethylene loaded with chalk or kaolin in a content between 60 and 85% by mass.

    Autour de ce bourrage 3 est disposé un écran 4 en aluminium ou en aluminium/polyester. Cet écran a un rôle d'écran électrostatique vis-à-vis des perturbations externes. Il a en outre une fonction de barrière anti-feu par réflexion des ondes thermiques.Around this stuffing 3 is disposed a screen 4 in aluminum or aluminum / polyester. This screen has a role electrostatic screen against disturbances external. It also has a fire barrier function by reflection of thermal waves.

    Enfin, l'ensemble est entouré d'une gaine externe 5 en polyoléfine chargée. Il s'agit par exemple d'un mélange de polyéthylène, de carbonate de calcium avec ou sans réticulant de type " silane ", il s'agit de produits classiques que l'on trouve dans le commerce, par exemple sous les marques "Megolon S300" ou "Megolon S340" de la société Lindsay et Williams. Les fabricants ne donnent pas la composition précise mais garantissent un ILO. Cette gaine a un indice limite d'oxygène de 35 % minimum et une faible épaisseur : de 0,2 à 0,8 mm. Le bourrage 3 a une fonction de tenue au feu et d'écartement des deux conducteurs 1 de l'écran 4 en aluminium.Finally, the assembly is surrounded by an outer sheath 5 in loaded polyolefin. It is for example a mixture of polyethylene, calcium carbonate with or without crosslinker of the "silane" type, these are products commercially available classics, for example under the brands "Megolon S300" or "Megolon S340" of the Lindsay and Williams company. Manufacturers do not give the precise composition but guarantee an ILO. This sheath has an oxygen limit index of 35% minimum and a low thickness: from 0.2 to 0.8 mm. Jam 3 has a function of fire resistance and spacing of the two conductors 1 of the aluminum screen 4.

    La figure 2 montre un autre exemple de structure de câble selon l'invention qui ne diffère de celui de la figure 1 que par le fait qu'au lieu d'avoir deux conducteurs isolés 1-2, on a deux quartes de conducteurs isolés : une première quarte de conducteurs isolés 1-2 et une deuxième quarte de conducteurs isolés 1A-2A. Une quarte est composée d'une torsade de quatre conducteurs isolés : 1-2 pour la première et 1A-2A pour la seconde. Les deux quartes sont juxtaposées parallèlement. On retrouve le bourrage 3, l'écran 4 et la gaine externe 5. Le bourrage 3 entoure les deux quartes en les séparant. Figure 2 shows another example of the structure of cable according to the invention which does not differ from that of the figure 1 only by the fact that instead of having two insulated conductors 1-2, we have two quarters of insulated conductors: a first quarter of isolated conductors 1-2 and a second quarter of insulated conductors 1A-2A. A quarter consists of a twist of four insulated conductors: 1-2 for the first and 1A-2A for the second. The two quartes are juxtaposed in parallel. We find the jam 3, the screen 4 and the outer sheath 5. The jam 3 surrounds the two quarters in separating them.

    Dans cette réalisation à deux quartes de conducteurs, le bourrage 3 a en plus, un rôle de maintien mécanique de la géométrie de chaque quarte, améliorant ainsi la diaphonie dans la quarte (entre les deux paires d'une même quarte) ; en outre, le bourrage a aussi une fonction d'écartement des quartes ce qui améliore la diaphonie entre paires de quartes différentes.In this two-quart conductor realization, the jam 3 has in addition, a role of mechanical maintenance of the geometry of each quarter, improving crosstalk in the quarter (between the two pairs of the same quarter); in addition, the stuffing also has a function of spacing the quartes which improves crosstalk between pairs of quartes different.

    Claims (7)

    1. A data transmission cable structure comprising at least two conductors, each conductor being insulated by an insulative sheath of a non-halogenated material having a low dielectric constant, characterized in that said insulated conductors are disposed in a fireproofed polyolefin filler having a limit oxygen index of at least 40% surrounded by an aluminum or aluminum/polyester shield and then by an outer sheath of fireproofed polyolefin having a limit oxygen index of at least 35%.
    2. The structure according to claim 1,
      characterized in that said filler is of polyolefin charged with kaolin or chalk in a proportion in the range 60% to 85% by weight.
    3. The structure according to claim 1,
      characterized in that said insulative sheath is of polyolefin.
    4. The structure according to claim 3,
      characterized in that said polyolefin insulative sheath has a polyolefin foam inner layer and a solid polyolefin outer layer.
    5. The structure according to claim 4,
      characterized in that said inside and outside layers of said insulative sheath are of polyethylene.
    6. The structure according to claim 1,
      characterized in that said filler and said outer sheath are based on polyethylene.
    7. A structure according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two quads of conductors, each quad comprising four conductors twisted together, each conductor being insulated, said filler surrounding and separating said two quads.
    EP19970401868 1996-08-12 1997-08-04 Data transmission cable structure Expired - Lifetime EP0824257B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (4)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9610115 1996-08-12
    FR9610115A FR2752326B1 (en) 1996-08-12 1996-08-12 DATA TRANSMISSION CABLE STRUCTURE
    FR9612978A FR2755291B1 (en) 1996-10-24 1996-10-24 DATA TRANSMISSION CABLE STRUCTURE
    FR9612978 1996-10-24

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0824257A1 EP0824257A1 (en) 1998-02-18
    EP0824257B1 true EP0824257B1 (en) 2001-10-24

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    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP19970401868 Expired - Lifetime EP0824257B1 (en) 1996-08-12 1997-08-04 Data transmission cable structure

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    EP (1) EP0824257B1 (en)
    DE (1) DE69707605T2 (en)

    Families Citing this family (3)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2797087B1 (en) * 1999-07-26 2003-04-25 Sagem MULTI-CONDUCTOR CABLE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CABLE
    CN105390191B (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-09-12 上海朗达电缆（集团）有限公司 A kind of aluminium alloy flexible fire-proof cable and its manufacture craft
    CN106205824A (en) * 2016-06-30 2016-12-07 湖北海德讯信息科技有限公司 Wear-resisting practical cable

    Family Cites Families (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    GB2009488A (en) * 1977-12-02 1979-06-13 Bicc Ltd Electric cables
    US4412094A (en) * 1980-05-21 1983-10-25 Western Electric Company, Inc. Compositely insulated conductor riser cable
    DE3228119A1 (en) * 1982-07-28 1984-02-02 AEG-Telefunken Kabelwerke AG, Rheydt, 4050 Mönchengladbach Halogen-free, flame-resistant cable which retains its function for a certain time in the event of fire
    DE3633056A1 (en) * 1986-09-29 1988-04-07 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh Extrudable mixture for halogen-free, highly flame-resistant coverings (sheaths)
    DE3739879A1 (en) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-08 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TRANSMISSION LINE FOR OPTICAL SIGNALS
    GB8806497D0 (en) * 1988-03-18 1988-04-20 Mortile Acoustic Ind Ltd Non-toxic fire retardant thermoplastic material
    DE4332914A1 (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-03-30 Siemens Ag Flame-resistant electrical cable

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP0824257A1 (en) 1998-02-18
    DE69707605T2 (en) 2002-08-01
    DE69707605D1 (en) 2001-11-29

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