EP0811750B1 - Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole - Google Patents

Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0811750B1
EP0811750B1 EP96109124A EP96109124A EP0811750B1 EP 0811750 B1 EP0811750 B1 EP 0811750B1 EP 96109124 A EP96109124 A EP 96109124A EP 96109124 A EP96109124 A EP 96109124A EP 0811750 B1 EP0811750 B1 EP 0811750B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
computer
depth
borehole
boring
sensor
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96109124A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0811750A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Dipl.Ing. Witte
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Baker Hughes Holdings LLC
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Baker Hughes Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baker Hughes Inc filed Critical Baker Hughes Inc
Priority to DE59609594T priority Critical patent/DE59609594D1/en
Priority to EP96109124A priority patent/EP0811750B1/en
Priority to CA002206939A priority patent/CA2206939C/en
Priority to NO19972627A priority patent/NO317443B1/en
Priority to US08/870,250 priority patent/US5896939A/en
Publication of EP0811750A1 publication Critical patent/EP0811750A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0811750B1 publication Critical patent/EP0811750B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/26—Storing data down-hole, e.g. in a memory or on a record carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for underground Detection of the depth of a borehole sunk into underground formations.
  • the underground depth recording is for the implementation of drilling projects of importance where the direction of the borehole on the The basis of data recorded underground is program-controlled.
  • the Unteridische determination of the devil (US-A-5341886) equip the used drilling tool with a feeler wheel, which in the course of the Drilling progress overflows the borehole wall and the path covered as a measured value a computer housed in the housing of the drilling tool as a central processor.
  • the depth by magnetically marking the borehole wall and detecting the Marking can be determined by a magnet-sensitive measuring device.
  • the magnetic marking device at a predetermined distance in Drilling direction in front of the measuring device in the housing of the drilling tool accommodated.
  • a response of the measuring device to a magnetic Accordingly, marking takes place each time after the predetermined distance between the marking and measuring device.
  • the invention addresses the problem, a method and an apparatus to create underground depth detection, which with great simplicity Ensure reliable operation.
  • the invention detects one of the typical changes with a simple sensor the drilling parameters while attaching a pipe string part the drill pipe, so that in connection with a program specification the length of the pipe rod parts intended for use underground central processor at short intervals with a current, accurate Teufwert can be supplied as it for program control of the Drilling process is required.
  • the means to be used are extraordinary simple, reliable and with a long service life.
  • the drilling device includes in her above-ground area a usual drilling rig 1 with a rod bearing 2, in the pipe rod parts 3 of mutually equal, predetermined length are accommodated.
  • the pipe rod parts 3 are by means of a hoist 4 taken from the rod bearing 2 and become part of the screw of the drill pipe 5, with the lower end of which in the broken Area 6 schematically illustrated drilling tool 7 is connected.
  • the drilling tool located in borehole 8 in underground formation 9 comprises a housing 10 with a drive motor housed therein (not shown), which drives a drill bit 12 via a drive shaft 11.
  • a computer 13 In the housing 10 of the drilling tool 7 is a computer 13 as an enteral processor inappropriate, which is supplied with measurement data recorded underground and is decisive for the direction of the borehole, the borehole profile.
  • the computer 13 comprises a data memory 14 for the recording of predetermined ones Data and is equipped with a program that, among others Measured data such as the inclination of the axis of the drilling tool, the switching imple a sensor 15 evaluates and processes, which changes to the Pressure or the flow of the drilling fluid. This is common Way from the ground through the drill string 5 and the drilling tool 7 fed to the drill bit 12, emerges from the drill bit 12 for cooling and Purge purposes and flows through the annulus in hole 8 to the surface back.
  • the sensor is only indicated schematically at 15 and like the computer 13 in a part of the housing 10 that does not rotate relative to the drill bit 12.
  • the length dimension of the intended use is used for the depth detection Pipe rod parts 3 determined and together with the output stage of Borehole 8 entered into the data memory 14 of the computer 13.
  • the computer 13 is activated and receives from the sensor 15 pulses depending on an interruption in the flow of the Drilling fluid or depending on the pressure drop in the drilling fluid as it for an interruption of the drilling process when attaching a pipe rod part 3 are typical of the drill string 5.
  • the processing program of the computer 13 is calculated from the pulses received by the sensor 15 using the default data stored in the data memory 14 current depth as a control variable for the underground control of the drilling process is needed.
  • a first switching pulse emitted by the sensor 15 causes the activation of the computer 13, in which case the drilling tool 7 generally is located on the bottom of a borehole 8, the output stage in the data memory 14 is deposited.
  • coded sequence of Switching pulses of the sensor 15 can the computer 13 in a special operating state be transferred, regardless of the processing switching impulses of the sensor 15, which are used to determine the depth become.
  • the computer can be put on hold or supplied with data from above ground, for example a program change have as a consequence.
  • the deviation value calculated after each use of a drill pipe part 3 is preferably from the computer 13 a direction control device 16 in the housing 10 pass the drilling tool 7, the above or below the computer 13 is supported in the housing 10 and a pivoting of a lower, a drive shaft 11 angled to the central axis of the outer housing 10 for the tool part comprising the drilling tool 12 causes a change in direction predetermined by the processing program of the computer 13 becomes.
  • Directional drilling tools with direction control device integrated in the drilling tool are known in various designs (US-A-5215151; 5339913; 5311952) and therefore need no further explanation here.

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  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur unterirdischen Erfassung der Teufe einer in unterirdische Formationen abgeteuften Bohrung. Die unterirdische Teufeerfassung ist für die Durchführung von Bohrvorhaben von Bedeutung, bei denen der Richtungsverlauf des Bohrlochs auf der Grundlage von unterirdisch erfaßten Daten programmgesteuert wird.The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for underground Detection of the depth of a borehole sunk into underground formations. The underground depth recording is for the implementation of drilling projects of importance where the direction of the borehole on the The basis of data recorded underground is program-controlled.

Zur unteridischen Teufebestimmung ist es bereits bekannt (US-A-5341886) das eingesetzte Bohrwerkzeug mit einem Tastrad auszurüsten, das im Zuge des Bohrfortschritts die Bohrlochwandung überläuft und den zurückgelegten Weg als Meßwert einem im Gehäuse des Bohrwerkzeugs untergebrachten Computer als zentralem Prozessor zur Verfügung stellt. Alternativ kann auch die Teufe durch magnetisches Markieren der Bohrlochwandung und Erfassen der Markierung durch ein magnetsensibles Meßgerät ermittelt werden. Hierbei ist die magnetische Markierungsvorrichtung in einer vorgegebenen Distanz in Bohrrichtung vor der Meßvorrichtung im Gehäuse des Bohrwerkzeugs untergebracht. Ein Ansprechen der Meßvorrichtung auf eine magnetische Markierung erfolgt dementsprechend jedes Mal nach Zurücklegen der vorgegebenen Distanz zwischen Markierungs- und Meßvorrichtung.It is already known for the Unteridische determination of the devil (US-A-5341886) equip the used drilling tool with a feeler wheel, which in the course of the Drilling progress overflows the borehole wall and the path covered as a measured value a computer housed in the housing of the drilling tool as a central processor. Alternatively, the depth by magnetically marking the borehole wall and detecting the Marking can be determined by a magnet-sensitive measuring device. Here is the magnetic marking device at a predetermined distance in Drilling direction in front of the measuring device in the housing of the drilling tool accommodated. A response of the measuring device to a magnetic Accordingly, marking takes place each time after the predetermined distance between the marking and measuring device.

Zur Bestimmung der Teufe einer in unterirdische Formationen abgeteuften Bohrung ist es ferner bekannt (EP-A-0 449 710), optisch an der Oberfläche die Längenmaße aller zum Einsatz vorgesehenen Bohrgestängeteile zu erfassen und die Längen aller zum Einsatz gekommenen Bohrgestängeteile zu summieren, um die Teufe einer erstellten Bohrung zu bestimmen.To determine the depth of a submerged underground Bore is also known (EP-A-0 449 710), optically on the surface Measure the length of all drill pipe parts intended for use and the lengths of all drill pipe parts used sum to determine the depth of a hole created.

Die Erfindung befaßt sich mit dem Problem, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur unterirdischen Teufeerfassung zu schaffen, die bei großer Einfachheit einen funktionssicheren Betrieb gewährleisten. The invention addresses the problem, a method and an apparatus to create underground depth detection, which with great simplicity Ensure reliable operation.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6. Hinsichtlich weiterer Ausgestaltungen des Verfahrens wird auf die Ansprüche 2 bis 5 verwiesen.The invention solves this problem by a method with the features of Claim 1 and by a device with the features of claim 6. With regard to further refinements of the method, claims 2 referred to 5.

Die Erfindung erfaßt mit einem einfachen Sensor eine der typischen Veränderungen der Bohrparameter während des Anfügens eines Rohrgestängeteils an das Bohrgestänge, so daß in Verbindung mit einer programmgemäßen Vorgabe des Längenmaßes der zum Einsatz vorgesehenen Rohrgestängeteile der unterirdische Zentralprozessor in kurzen Abständen mit einem aktuellen, genauen Teufewert versorgt werden kann, wie er zur Programmsteuerung des Bohrungsablaufes benötigt wird. Die aufzuwendenden Mittel sind dabei außerordentlich einfach, betriebssicher und von hoher Lebensdauer.The invention detects one of the typical changes with a simple sensor the drilling parameters while attaching a pipe string part the drill pipe, so that in connection with a program specification the length of the pipe rod parts intended for use underground central processor at short intervals with a current, accurate Teufwert can be supplied as it for program control of the Drilling process is required. The means to be used are extraordinary simple, reliable and with a long service life.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, in der schematisch und beispielhaft eine Bohreinrichtung mit einem Bohrwerkzeug dargestellt ist, das eine Vorrichtung zur unterirdischen Teufeerfassung umfaßt.The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, in which schematically and exemplarily a drilling device with a drilling tool is shown, which comprises a device for underground depth detection.

Wie die Zeichnung näher erkennen läßt, umfaßt die Bohreinrichtung in ihrem oberirdischen Bereich einen üblichen Bohrturm 1 mit einem Gestängelager 2, in dem Rohrgestängeteile 3 von untereinander gleicher, vorgegebener Länge untergebracht sind. Die Rohrgestängeteile 3 werden mittels eines Hebezeugs 4 dem Gestängelager 2 entnommen und werden durch Anschrauben Bestandteil des Bohrgestänges 5, mit dessen unterem Ende das in dem aufgebrochenen Bereich 6 schematisch veranschaulichte Bohrwerkzeug 7 verbunden ist. Das im Bohrloch 8 in der unterirdischen Formation 9 befindliche Bohrwerkzeug umfaßt ein Gehäuse 10 mit einem in diesem untergebrachten Antriebsmotor (nicht dargestellt), der über eine Antriebswelle 11 einen Bohrmeißel 12 antreibt. Im Gehäuse 10 des Bohrwerkzeugs 7 ist ein Computer 13 als entralprozessor ungebracht, der mit unterirdisch erfaßten Meßdaten versorgt wird und für den Richtungsverlauf des Bohrlochs, das Bohrlochprofil, maßgeblich ist. Der Computer 13 umfaßt einen Datenspeicher 14 für die Aufnahme von vorgegebenen Daten und ist mit einem Programm ausgestattet, das neben anderen Meßdaten wie der Inklination der Achse des Bohrwerkzeugs die Schaltimpluse eines Sensors 15 auswertet und verarbeitet, der auf Veränderungen des Drucks oder der Strömung der Bohrspülung anspricht. Diese wird in üblicher Weise von übertage durch das Bohrgestänge 5 und das Bohrwerkzeug 7 hindurch dem Bohrmeißel 12 zugeführt, tritt aus dem Bohrmeißel 12 zu Kühl- und Spülzwecken aus und strömt durch den Ringraum im Bohrloch 8 nach übertage zurück.As can be seen in the drawing, the drilling device includes in her above-ground area a usual drilling rig 1 with a rod bearing 2, in the pipe rod parts 3 of mutually equal, predetermined length are accommodated. The pipe rod parts 3 are by means of a hoist 4 taken from the rod bearing 2 and become part of the screw of the drill pipe 5, with the lower end of which in the broken Area 6 schematically illustrated drilling tool 7 is connected. The drilling tool located in borehole 8 in underground formation 9 comprises a housing 10 with a drive motor housed therein (not shown), which drives a drill bit 12 via a drive shaft 11. In the housing 10 of the drilling tool 7 is a computer 13 as an enteral processor inappropriate, which is supplied with measurement data recorded underground and is decisive for the direction of the borehole, the borehole profile. The computer 13 comprises a data memory 14 for the recording of predetermined ones Data and is equipped with a program that, among others Measured data such as the inclination of the axis of the drilling tool, the switching imple a sensor 15 evaluates and processes, which changes to the Pressure or the flow of the drilling fluid. This is common Way from the ground through the drill string 5 and the drilling tool 7 fed to the drill bit 12, emerges from the drill bit 12 for cooling and Purge purposes and flows through the annulus in hole 8 to the surface back.

Der Sensor ist bei 15 nur schematisch angedeutet und wie der Computer 13 in einem relativ zum Bohrmeißel 12 nicht rotierenden Teil des Gehäuses 10 angeordnet.The sensor is only indicated schematically at 15 and like the computer 13 in a part of the housing 10 that does not rotate relative to the drill bit 12.

Für die Teufeerfassung wird das Längenmaß der zum Einsatz vorgesehenen Rohrgestängeteile 3 ermittelt und zusammen mit der Ausgangsteufe des Bohrlochs 8 in den Datenspeicher 14 des Computers 13 eingegeben. Vor dem Einlassen des Bohrwerkzeugs 7 in das Bohrloch 8 oder bei Erreichen der Ausgangsteufe im Bohrloch 8 wird der Computer 13 aktiviert und erhält vom Sensor 15 Impulse in Abhängigkeit von einer Unterbrechung der Strömung der Bohrspülung oder in Abhängigkeit vom Druckabfall in der Bohrspülung, wie sie für eine Unterbrechnung des Bohrvorganges beim Anfügen eines Rohrgestängeteils 3 an das Bohrgestänge 5 typisch sind. Das Verarbeitungsprogramm des Computers 13 errechnet aus den vom Sensor 15 empfangenen Impulsen unter Heranziehung der im Datenspeicher 14 gespeicherten Vorgabedaten die aktuelle Teufe, die als Steuergröße für die unterirdische Steuerung des Bohrverlaufs benötigt wird.The length dimension of the intended use is used for the depth detection Pipe rod parts 3 determined and together with the output stage of Borehole 8 entered into the data memory 14 of the computer 13. Before the Let the drilling tool 7 into the borehole 8 or when the exit step is reached in the borehole 8, the computer 13 is activated and receives from the sensor 15 pulses depending on an interruption in the flow of the Drilling fluid or depending on the pressure drop in the drilling fluid as it for an interruption of the drilling process when attaching a pipe rod part 3 are typical of the drill string 5. The processing program of the computer 13 is calculated from the pulses received by the sensor 15 using the default data stored in the data memory 14 current depth as a control variable for the underground control of the drilling process is needed.

Befindet sich der Computer 13 in einem inaktiven bzw. deaktivierten Zustand, so bewirkt ein erster vom Sensor 15 abgegebener Schaltimpuls die Aktivierung des Computers 13, wobei sich in diesem Falle das Bohrwerkzeug 7 in der Regel auf der Sohle eines Bohrlochs 8 befindet, dessen Ausgangsteufe im Datenspeicher 14 hinterlegt ist. Durch eine vorgegebene, codierte Folge von Schaltimpulsen des Sensors 15 kann der Computer 13 in einen Sonderbetriebszustand überführt werden, und zwar unabhängig von der Verarbeitung von Schaltimpulsen des Sensors 15, die zur Teufeermittlung herangezogen werden. So kann beispielsweise der Computer in einen Wartezustand versetzt oder von übertage mit Daten versorgt werden, die beispielsweise eine Programmänderung zur Folge haben.If the computer 13 is in an inactive or deactivated state, a first switching pulse emitted by the sensor 15 causes the activation of the computer 13, in which case the drilling tool 7 generally is located on the bottom of a borehole 8, the output stage in the data memory 14 is deposited. By a given, coded sequence of Switching pulses of the sensor 15 can the computer 13 in a special operating state be transferred, regardless of the processing switching impulses of the sensor 15, which are used to determine the depth become. For example, the computer can be put on hold or supplied with data from above ground, for example a program change have as a consequence.

Der nach jedem Einsatz eines Bohrgestängeteils 3 errechnete Teufewert wird vorzugsweise vom Computer 13 einem Richtungssteuergerät 16 im Gehäuse 10 des Bohrwerkzeugs 7 übergeben, das oberhalb oder unterhalb des Computers 13 im Gehäuse 10 abgestützt ist und eine Verschwenkung eines unteren, eine zur Mittelachse des Außengehäuses 10 abgewinkelte Antriebswelle 11 für das Bohrwerkzeug 12 umfassenden Werkzeugteils bewirkt, wenn eine Richtungsänderung durch das Verarbeitungsprogramm des Computers 13 vorgegeben wird. Richtungsbohrwerkzeuge mit im Bohrwerkzeug integriertem Richtungssteuergerät sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen bekannt (US-A-5215151; 5339913;5311952) und bedürfen daher hier keiner näheren Erläuterung.The deviation value calculated after each use of a drill pipe part 3 is preferably from the computer 13 a direction control device 16 in the housing 10 pass the drilling tool 7, the above or below the computer 13 is supported in the housing 10 and a pivoting of a lower, a drive shaft 11 angled to the central axis of the outer housing 10 for the tool part comprising the drilling tool 12 causes a change in direction predetermined by the processing program of the computer 13 becomes. Directional drilling tools with direction control device integrated in the drilling tool are known in various designs (US-A-5215151; 5339913; 5311952) and therefore need no further explanation here.

Claims (6)

  1. Method for the downhole measurement of the depth of a borehole which by means of a boring tool connected to rods comprising boring rod sections is sunk into underground geological formations, with the data relevant for determining the depth being collected by a sensor and passed to a computer mounted in the boring tool, that calculates the depth by means of a processing program, characterised in that the length dimension of the pipe rod sections to be used is recorded and entered, together with the initial depth of the borehole, into the data memory of the computer that has been pre-programmed with the data of the planned course of the borehole, the computer is activated before running into the borehole or on reaching the initial depth, the number of boring rod sections used for sinking the borehole is detected by the sensor of the computer, and the depth of the borehole is calculated using the determined number and length dimension of the boring rod sections used.
  2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that a sensor which responds to the pressure or flow of the well fluid is used, which sends a switching impulse to the computer in response to a pressure build-up or drop in the well fluid or the starting or stopping of the well fluid flow.
  3. Method in accordance with claims 1 or 2, characterised in that a computer in the deactivated state is activated by a first switching impulse from the sensor.
  4. Method in accordance with one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the computer is changed to a specified special operating state by a specified, coded sequence of switching impulses.
  5. Method in accordance with one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the depth value calculated after each use of the birong rod section is transmitted from the computer to a direction selection device of the boring tool.
  6. Device for downhole measurement of the depth of a borehole sunk into underground geological formations, with a boring rod (5) made up of boring rod sections (3) of preset length in a boring tool (7) that can be lowered into a borehole (8) and a depth measuring device (13, 14, 15) supported in a housing (10) in the boring tool (7), that has a computer (13) with a data memory (14) for recording data and a processing program as well as a sensor that responds to well fluid parameters, characterised in that the sensor (15) in the event of an interruption in the well fluid flow or a pressure drop in the well fluid, such as occurs if boring is interrupted to add a boring rod section (3), transmits a switching impulse to the computer (13) that by means of the processing program forms a multiplier for determining the depth on the basis of the preset length dimension for the boring rod sections (3) in the data memory (14).
EP96109124A 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole Expired - Lifetime EP0811750B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59609594T DE59609594D1 (en) 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Method and device for the underground detection of the depth of a well
EP96109124A EP0811750B1 (en) 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole
CA002206939A CA2206939C (en) 1996-06-07 1997-06-04 A method and apparatus for the underground ascertainment of the depth of a bore
NO19972627A NO317443B1 (en) 1996-06-07 1997-06-06 Method and apparatus for determining the depth of a borehole formed in a subsurface formation
US08/870,250 US5896939A (en) 1996-06-07 1997-06-06 Downhole measurement of depth

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96109124A EP0811750B1 (en) 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0811750A1 EP0811750A1 (en) 1997-12-10
EP0811750B1 true EP0811750B1 (en) 2002-08-28

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EP96109124A Expired - Lifetime EP0811750B1 (en) 1996-06-07 1996-06-07 Method and device for downhole measurement of depth of borehole

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US (1) US5896939A (en)
EP (1) EP0811750B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2206939C (en)
DE (1) DE59609594D1 (en)
NO (1) NO317443B1 (en)

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CN101929334A (en) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 中国石油大学(北京) Penetration Monitoring Device and Monitoring Method for Offshore Oil Pipeline and Pile Hammering
CN101929334B (en) * 2009-06-25 2013-04-24 中国石油大学(北京) Device and method for monitoring penetration of marine petroleum pipe and pile hammering-in method
CN104747169A (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 中国石油化工集团公司 Auxiliary system for electronic multi-point measurement

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EP0811750A1 (en) 1997-12-10
US5896939A (en) 1999-04-27
NO972627D0 (en) 1997-06-06
NO972627L (en) 1997-12-08
CA2206939A1 (en) 1997-12-07
CA2206939C (en) 2006-11-21
DE59609594D1 (en) 2002-10-02
NO317443B1 (en) 2004-11-01

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