EP0809272A1 - Shadow mask frame of a cathode ray tube, method of fabrication and mounting means for a mask frame - Google Patents

Abstract

A shadow mask frame for a CRT, especially a colour television tube, has its sides (30a-d) formed by mutually offset and fixed external and internal membranes (31, 32), each of which consists of a portion of a thin metal strip.. A method of making a shadow mask frame involves (a) cutting one or more thin metal strips to form first and second membranes (31, 32); (b) forming reinforcing grooves or impressions in the membranes; and (c) assembling the frame by welding the membranes together. Also claimed is a suspension element for a shadow mask frame, the frame preferably being made of a high elastic limit metal selected from maraging steels, 25% Ni/15% Cr steels containing Ti and Al, Fe-Ni alloys, Ni base superalloys and martensitic stainless alloys.

Description

The invention relates to a mask frame perforated with a cathode ray tube and in particular with a color television tube.

Color television tubes with a perforated mask include a glass envelope in which are fixed metal parts, one of which is constituted by the perforated screen secured to a frame and another by a magnetic shielding placed inside the glass envelope.

The glass envelope is made up of two parts, a slab comprising the screen on which the image is formed and a cone on which the electron guns and the deflection coils of the electron beams of the cathode ray tube are fixed. .

The shadow mask is made from a thin metal strip in which holes of small dimensions and of suitable shape are made by chemical machining. The metal bands used are generally made of low carbon steel or an iron-nickel alloy such as Invar. The shadow mask is shaped by hot or cold stamping, so as to have a peripheral rim along which a metal frame is welded.

The assembly constituted by the frame and the mask is fixed inside the glass slab, by means of suspension devices fixed on the frame and coming to engage on pins sealed in the glass of the slab.

The internal shielding of the tube can be fixed either on the frame of the shadow mask, or on the fixing pins sealed in the glass of the slab.

Cathode ray tubes of different types are known which are distinguished in particular by the type of shadow mask or the type of frame used or again by the method of hanging the frame inside the glass envelope of the tube.

With regard to the different types of frame used, a distinction is made in particular between thin and light frames, the thickness of which can be, for example, of the order of 0.2 mm and thick, rigid and heavy frames.

With regard to the methods of hanging the frame inside the glass envelope, a distinction is made between hanging the frame near the corners of the screen and hanging the frame at the middle of the peripheral edges of the slab, by means of bimetallic compensation devices fixed to the exterior surface of the sides of the frame.

The suspension of the shadow mask, through its frame, inside the glass envelope of the tube must make it possible to fulfill several functions.

First of all, this suspension must make it possible to control the relative movements of the glass screen and of the shadow mask which are caused in particular by the expansion of the shadow mask which heats up under the impact of the electron beam, so as to maintain the purity of the colors of the image formed on the screen.

On the other hand, the suspension devices must maintain the shadow mask in position inside the glass envelope, even when the cathode ray tube receives a shock, and protect the shadow mask against external mechanical stresses.

Finally, the suspension systems must make it possible to dismantle or move the shadow mask, during the manufacture of the cathode ray tube, then to replace it inside the glass envelope, as many times as it can be necessary.

• d'une part, il doit permettre d'accommoder les variations de dimension résultant d'un échauffement global de l'ensemble,
• d'autre part, il doit présenter une grande stabilité mécanique.

The assembly consisting of the shadow mask, the frame and the frame suspension devices must in particular have the following two properties:

• on the one hand, it must make it possible to accommodate the variations in dimension resulting from an overall heating of the whole,
• on the other hand, it must have great mechanical stability.

Most of the assemblies known from the prior art use a thick, heavy and rigid steel frame, hooked using three or four bimetallic springs engaged on pins sealed at the middle part of the peripheral edges of the slab. of glass. The drawbacks of such known assemblies are that the frame has great thermal inertia and that the mode of compensation for variations in dimension of thermal origin is not completely symmetrical.

It is also known to use thick, heavy and rigid steel frames which are hung in the corners of the slab using four suspension systems. This arrangement which is symmetrical has the advantage of achieving thermal self-compensation; however, the frame still has too much thermal inertia.

In addition, the thick frames known from the prior art often have an excessively heavy weight which may be, for example, of the order of or greater than 2 kg, in the case of so-called "stretched mask" technologies, the shadow mask being tensioned on the frame, the rigidity of which must be sufficient to withstand the stresses resulting from the tensioning of the mask.

It is also known to use thin frames, the thickness of which can be, for example, of the order of 200 μm, these lightweight frames being hung in the corners of the slab.

These thin frames have the advantage of having low thermal inertia but are very fragile, due to their small thickness. These frames also have insufficient rigidity. As a result, it may be necessary to weld the suspension devices to the fixing pins to avoid detaching the frame. The manufacture of the cathode ray tube is thus made more complex.

The object of the invention is therefore to propose a mask frame perforated with a cathode ray tube and in particular with a color television tube having flat sides arranged substantially along lateral sides of a straight prismatic surface and having a stiffening edge for fixing the perforated mask to the frame by means of which the perforated mask is placed inside a glass envelope of the cathode ray tube which comprises a cone and a slab comprising a screen , this frame having good mechanical rigidity, the lowest possible weight, for a given rigidity, low thermal inertia and other advantages, for example a sensitivity limited to external periodic stresses, in a frequency range ranging for example from 100 to 400 Hz.

For this purpose, the flat sides of the frame have an outer membrane and an inner membrane attached and fixed against each other and each constituted by a portion of thin metal strip.

Preferably, in order to increase the mechanical rigidity of the frame, at least one of the external and internal membranes is reinforced by at least one stamped part of the membrane.

According to a preferred embodiment, one of the membranes, or both membranes are reinforced by ribs.

In order to clearly understand the invention, we will now describe, by way of nonlimiting examples, with reference to the attached figures, several embodiments of a mask mask according to the invention.

Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a cathode ray tube with a shadow mask.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are plan views of metal strips cut out before shaping, so as to constitute an outer membrane and an inner membrane respectively of a mask mask according to the invention and according to a first embodiment.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are plan views of cut and shaped metal strips, so as to constitute an outer membrane and an inner membrane respectively, of a mask mask according to the invention and according to a second embodiment .

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing the shaping by folding and the assembly of two metal strips as shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, during the production of a mask mask according to the invention and according to the first embodiment.

Figure 5 is a top view of the metal strips shown in Figure 4, in their assembly position before welding.

Figure 6 is a top view, similar to the view of Figure 5, showing sheet metal strips as shown in Figures 3A and 3B, in their assembly position before welding.

Figures 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D are views in vertical section along 7-7 of Figure 5 or Figure 6 showing an outer membrane and a membrane internal of a perforated mask frame according to the invention in their assembly position as well as part of a mask in the assembly position on the frame.

FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C are plan views showing the welding zones of an internal membrane and an external membrane of a mask mask according to the invention, attached and fixed one against the other .

Figure 9 is a perspective view of a shadow mask frame according to the invention in the assembled state.

FIG. 9A is a top view of a corner area of the frame shown in FIG. 9.

Figure 9B is an elevational view of the corner area of the frame shown in Figure 9A.

Figure 10 is a plan view of an outer membrane and an inner membrane of a shadow mask frame according to the invention illustrating a variant of the method of manufacturing a frame according to the invention.

Figure 11 is a perspective view of a shadow mask frame according to the invention for implementing the technology "stretch mask".

Figure 12 is a perspective view of a portion of one side of a shadow mask frame according to the invention and according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 12A is a sectional view along A-A of FIG. 12.

FIG. 12B is a sectional view along B-B of FIG. 12.

Figures 13, 13A and 14 show a suspension element fixed by clipping into a corner part of a frame.

In Figure 1, we can see the different parts constituting a cathode ray tube with a shadow mask used as a color television tube.

The cathode ray tube, designated as a whole by the reference 1, comprises a glass envelope consisting of a cone 2 and a slab 3 and two metal parts 4 and 9 which are fastened inside the glass envelope of the tube.

The part 4 is a pre-assembled assembly comprising the perforated mask 5 constituted by a metal sheet crossed by openings 6, the frame 7 of the perforated mask and devices 8 for suspending the assembly 4 inside the slab 3 of the glass envelope.

The part 9 is a metal wall shaped so as to constitute an internal magnetic shield engaged in the cone 2 of the glass envelope, most often fixed on the frame.

The cone 2 of the glass casing has a rectangular base with rounded angles and a curved wall having a shape close to that of a cone whose section decreases towards the rear end of the cathode ray tube 1 at which are fixed on the cone 2 the electron guns and the deflection coils of the cathode ray tube.

The slab 3 has a slightly curved wall 3a constituting the screen of the cathode ray tube and a rim 3b whose rectangular base with rounded angles can be perfectly superimposed with the base of the cone 2. On the internal surface of the rim 3b of the slab 3 are fixed pins such as 10 projecting inwards allowing the attachment of the assembly 4 comprising the shadow mask 5 and the frame 7, by means of suspension devices 8 fixed to the edges of the frame 7. The cathode ray tube 1 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type comprising fixing pins 10 fixed in the middle part of the edges of the slab intended to cooperate with the suspension devices. 8 fixed in a middle position on the sides of the frame 7 of the shadow mask 5.

In FIG. 1, the constituent parts of the cathode ray tube 1 have been shown before their assembly to constitute the cathode ray tube.

To carry out the manufacture and assembly of the cathode ray tube, the manufacture is carried out, separately, of the component parts 2 and 3 of the glass envelope, of the assembly 4 and of the magnetic shielding 9. These parts are then assembled, as will be described below.

The shadow mask 5 is made from a thin strip in which holes 6 are made by chemical machining. The perforated sheet is then shaped by hot or cold stamping to form a mask 5 comprising a peripheral assembly flange of substantially rectangular shape with rounded angles.

The frame 7 is fixed by welding to the assembly edge of the shadow mask 5. The fixing devices 8 are then welded to the edges of the frame. The assembly 4 thus produced is fixed inside the slab 3 after various heat treatments.

The magnetic shield 9 is then fixed, for example by clipping, to the frame 7. In certain embodiments, it is necessary to fix the shield on the pins sealed on the internal wall of the slab.

The glass envelope can then be assembled.

As explained above, in the case of cathode ray tubes with a perforated mask according to the prior art, no frame has ever been produced for the perforated mask which has both a very high mechanical rigidity, a weight and a low thermal inertia and which may also have a sensitivity limited to periodic stresses in certain frequency ranges.

The frame for a shadow mask according to the invention which will be described below overcomes the drawbacks of the devices according to the prior art.

In Figures 2A and 2B, there is shown, respectively, an outer membrane 11 and an inner membrane 12 of a shadow mask frame according to the invention.

The membranes 11 and 12 are produced from a strip of sheet metal or thin strip made of a metallic material, such as steel, an iron-nickel alloy or another alloy.

The strip of thin metal sheet is cut along an external contour making it possible to delimit four zones 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d or 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d along the length of the strip, intended to constitute the external membrane and the internal membrane, respectively, from each of the sides of the shadow mask frame, during the assembly of the strips 11 and 12 to produce a frame whose flat sides are arranged along the side faces of a rectangular parallelepiped.

The zones 11a and 11c on the one hand and 12a and 12c on the other hand of the strips 11 and 12 respectively are of identical shape and are intended to constitute the membranes on a large side of the frame.

The zones 11b and 11d on the one hand and 12b and 12d on the other hand of the strips 11 and 12 respectively are of identical shape and are intended to constitute the membranes of the short sides of the frame.

Between two successive zones intended to constitute membranes on the sides of the frame and at one of the ends of the strip 11 or 12, there are provided corner or connection zones 11e, 11f, 11g and 11h for the strip 11 or else 12th, 12f, 12g and 12h for band 12.

In each of the zones intended to constitute an internal or external membrane on one of the sides of the frame, the metal strip is shaped, for example by stamping or burnishing, to present reinforcing ribs parallel to each other.

The successive zones of the strip 11 intended to constitute the outer membranes of the frame comprise ribs 13 parallel to the longitudinal edges of the strip.

The zones of the strip 12 intended to constitute the internal membranes of the sides of the frame have ribs 14 perpendicular to the longitudinal edges of the strip.

It would also be possible to provide reinforcing ribs parallel to the longitudinal edges of the strip in the zones intended to constitute a membrane of a large or a small side of the frame and reinforcing ribs perpendicular to the longitudinal edges of the strip in the areas intended to constitute a membrane on the other sides of the frame. Thus, the same strip may comprise in successive zones, ribs of longitudinal direction and ribs perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

In addition, the corner and connection zones may also include ribs 15 (in the case of strip 11) or 16 (in the case of strip 12) which are perpendicular to the ribs 13 or 14 of the zones constituting the membranes. sides of the frame.

The sheets 11 or 12 are pierced, at each of the ribs 13, 15, 14 and 16, with holes 17 or 18 crossing the strip over its entire thickness, so as to avoid trapping gases between the internal and external membranes sides of the frame, when the membranes are attached to each other and welded together, as will be described below.

In addition, at least one of the two bands (the outer band 11 in the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B) comprises, along one of its edges, lugs 19 at each of the successive zones constituting a membrane of a wall of the frame and at the level of the corner and connection zones.

As can be seen in FIG. 7B, when the strip is folded to form a frame, the tabs 19 are folded inwards at 90 ° relative to the plane of the strip 11.

It is also visible in FIG. 7B that a part 20 of the upper edge of the strip 11, of a width less than the lower edge 19, is also folded inwards at 90 °, which contributes to the stiffening of the frame . The shadow mask 5 is attached and welded along the upper edge 20 of the frame.

In FIG. 7B, the shadow mask 5 is shown in the assembly position. The rim 5a of the mask 5 is fitted against the upper part of the outer membrane of the frame, along the edge 20 folded inwardly of the frame. The welding of the mask is carried out from outside the frame, as shown by arrow 51.

In FIG. 7C, an alternative embodiment of the frame and of the method of fixing the shadow mask 5 has been shown. The edge 20 of the outer membrane of the frame is folded towards the outside of the frame and the rim 5a of the mask 5 is attached. against the internal membrane of the frame along the edge 20. The welding can be carried out from the outside (arrow 51) or from the inside of the frame (arrow 51 '). As a variant, the stiffening edge 20 could be produced by folding the upper edge of the internal membrane outwards above the external membrane and the rim 5a of the mask 5 welded to the internal membrane.

In FIG. 7D, the case of a frame with a stretched mask has been shown. In this case, the edge 20 and the mask 5 have the shape of cylinder portions with circular section. The mask 5 is fitted against the edge 20 and fixed to the edge 20 by welding. There will be described in more detail below, the mounting of a mask on a frame according to the invention, in the case of the "stretched mask" technique, with reference to FIG. 11.

As can be seen in FIG. 7A, in some cases, the inner membrane of the frame may also include a flange 19 'folded 90 ° inwards and superimposed on the edge 19 of the outer membrane.

After performing the cutting, forming and drilling of the strips 11 and 12, the assembly and the forming of the frame are carried out.

According to a first example of implementation illustrated by FIGS. 4 and 5, the assembly by welding of the outer and inner membranes of the frame is carried out after folding of the strips 11 and 12 constituting these membranes.

According to an alternative embodiment which will be explained with reference to FIG. 10, the assembly by welding of the external and internal membranes of the frame in superimposed positions can be carried out before the membranes are folded.

In the case of the first example of implementation, the portion of the edge of the strip 11 intended to constitute the outer membrane, located opposite the tabs 19, is folded to form the stiffening flange 20 along from which the shadow mask is attached. In certain cases, it is possible to also fold up the corresponding edge of the strip 12 constituting the internal membrane, the stiffening rim along which the shadow mask is fixed then being formed by the juxtaposed edges of the external and internal membranes.

Then the legs 19 of the strip 11 are folded inward, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B.

Corresponding tabs 19 'can be provided on the strip constituting the internal membrane 12, these tabs 19' are also folded inwards at 90 °.

The strip 11 constituting the outer membrane is folded, as shown in FIG. 4, along the edges perpendicular to the longitudinal edges of the strip delimiting the corner areas 11e, 11f, 11g and the connection area 11h. The strip 11 is placed, after folding, inside a template allowing the areas of the strip located between two corner areas to be maintained along the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in FIG. 5. then ensures the maintenance of the external strip 11 in the form given by the template, by welding one on the other of the tabs 19 constituting one of the folded edges of the strip then the strip 12 is introduced, after folding, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, inside the strip 11 constituting the folded outer membrane and pre-assembled in the required form.

The folded strip 12 is introduced inside the folded and pre-assembled strip 11, in an arrangement as shown in FIG. 5, that is to say with the zone 11d of the strip 11 opposite. -vis zone 12b of the strip 12. In this way, the connection zones 11h and 12h of the strips 11 and 12 respectively are located in corners of the frame located at the ends of a diagonal.

After placing the folded strips 11 and 12 in their position shown in FIG. 5, the superimposed strips are welded, in particular for fixing the connection zones 11h and 12h against a corner zone located opposite - screw, as shown by the arrows 24.

Welding can be electric welding or laser or plasma welding. It is also possible to use a solder as long as it is compatible with the vacuum resistance requirements and the electronic performance to be expected from the cathode ray tube.

The embodiment of the frame which has been described with reference to Figures 4 and 5 uses two strips 11 and 12 as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.

It is also possible, according to a second embodiment, to produce a frame using four cut and shaped bands, two of these bands constituting an outer membrane of the frame and the other two bands constituting the inner membrane.

In FIGS. 3A and 3B, there is shown respectively a strip 21 constituting a part of an external membrane of a mask mask according to the invention and a cut band 22 constituting a part of an internal membrane of a frame mask mask according to the invention and according to the second embodiment.

To constitute the frame, two bands such as band 21 and two bands such as band 22 are used, which are assembled after folding, as shown in FIG. 6.

The strip 21 comprises two successive zones 21a and 21b intended to constitute the outer membrane of a long side and a short side respectively of the mask mask.

Likewise, the strip 22 comprises two successive zones 22a and 22b intended to constitute the internal membranes of a long side and a short side of the frame for a shadow mask. In the same way as the strips 11 and 12 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the strips 21 and 22 include corner zones between the zones intended to constitute the membranes on the sides of the frame and a connection area at one of their ends. It is not necessary to describe in detail the strips 21 and 22 which are produced in a similar manner to the strips 11 and 12 and which correspond to one half of these strips in the longitudinal direction.

To make the frame for a shadow mask, as shown in FIG. 6, two strips 21 and 21 ′ intended to constitute the external membranes of the frame are used and two strips 22 and 22 ′ intended to constitute the internal membranes.

The outer bands 21 and 21 'are folded and arranged in a template so that the zones of the bands such as 21a and 21b are arranged along the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped. A pre-assembly of the strips 21 and 21 ′ is then carried out along the defined parallelepipedic contour, by welding together tabs or tabs 23 provided along a longitudinal edge of the strip 21 and folded 90 ° inwards.

The strips 22 and 22 'are folded and introduced inside the frame formed by the strips 21 and 21' folded and pre-assembled along a parallelepipedic contour and held inside the template.

The strips 22 and 22 'are introduced, after folding, inside the external frame constituted by the strips 21 and 21', so that their connection end zones 22h and 22'h are located opposite screws of two corner zones of the bands 21 and 21 'respectively and aligned on a diagonal of the contour defined by the bands 21 and 21' pre-assembled different from the diagonal along which the connection zones 21h and 21'h of the bands 21 and 21 'respectively.

The strips 21, 21 ′, 22 and 22 ′ are then welded together against each other in the arrangement shown in FIG. 6. In particular, welds the strip connection zones at the four corners of the frame, as shown by the arrows 25.

Referring to Figures 7A and 7B which show a simplified sectional view of the bands constituting respectively the outer membrane and the inner membrane of the frame, during the welding of these bands one on the other, it can be seen that, in the position assembly, the ribs 13 of the external strip 11 (or 21) are directed towards the outside and the ribs 14 of the internal strip 12 (or 22) are directed towards the inside, so that flat connection zones external and internal strips are brought together against each other in their welding position. Welding is carried out in these planar areas, one against the other, inside or outside the frame, as shown by the arrows 26 and 26 '.

The external and internal strips do not have to have the same width and the same thickness, these dimensions being able to be adapted as a function of the characteristics sought for the mask mask.

However, the internal membrane must cover the largest possible surface of the external membrane between its upper edge for fixing the shadow mask and its edge cut in the form of a tongue and folded inwards.

The internal membrane may or may not have an edge 19 ′ folded inwards superimposed on the edge 19 (or 23) of the external membrane.

In FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C, an internal membrane 12 has been shown attached and welded to an external membrane 11 and constituting one side of a frame for a shadow mask according to the invention.

The embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C differ in the type of welding carried out to connect the two membranes arranged superimposed.

The membranes 11 and 12 have reinforcement ribs 13 and 14 respectively which are arranged in directions perpendicular to each other. The membranes 11 and 12 are crossed by openings 17 and 18 at each of the ribs 13 and 14, so that the space between a rib of a membrane projecting inwardly or outwardly and the surface of the other membrane is placed in communication with the outside. This avoids trapping gases inside the walls of the frame, such occluded gases risking disturbing the operation of the cathode ray tube.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, the membranes 11 and 12 have been welded by welding points 27.

The weld points 27 are aligned along the two longitudinal edges of the membranes 11 and 12 and interposed between the ribs 13 and 14.

In the case of the embodiment of the assembly of the membranes 11 and 12 shown in FIG. 8B, the connection of the two membranes is carried out by continuous welding lines 28. In particular two continuous welding lines 28 are produced along the edges longitudinal of the membranes 11 and 12, weld lines surrounding the reinforcement ribs 13 and 14 and generally closed weld lines between the reinforcement ribs 13 and 14.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8C, the connection between the membranes 11 and 12 is carried out by distributing a brazing paste in certain zones 29 situated between the membranes 11 and 12 and by wearing the frame pre-assembled at a brazing temperature, inside an oven. The bonding by welding of the two membranes 11 and 12 is thus carried out in the zones 29.

Preferably, the zones 29 are arranged along the longitudinal edges of the membranes 11 and 12 and between the reinforcing ribs 13 and 14.

It turned out that the embodiment shown in FIG. 8B in which the membranes 11 and 12 are connected by continuous welding lines is the preferred embodiment ensuring the best connection of the membranes 11 and 12 brought together. the other.

In FIG. 9, the shadow mask frame 30 is shown in its assembled and welded state.

The frame 30 shown in Figure 9 has four flat sides 30a, 30b, 30c and 30d arranged along four side faces of a rectangular parallelepiped.

Each of the flat sides of the frame 30 consists of an outer membrane 31 and an inner membrane 32 attached and welded against each other.

The outer membranes and the inner membranes on the four sides of the frame can each be made from one or more metal strips. The internal membranes and the external membranes are reinforced by ribs which have directions perpendicular to each other.

Between two successive flat sides, the frame has a flat corner area 33 to which a device 34 for hanging the frame can be fixed inside the glass envelope of the cathode ray tube.

The corner areas 33 of the frame may include through holes allowing the suspension device 34 to be fixed by clipping. It is thus possible achieve effective attachment of suspension devices without the need for welding operations. One of the edges of the frame, which will be designated as the upper edge 35, because of its arrangement in FIG. 9, is used to increase the rigidity of the structure. The upper edge 35 of the frame 30 is produced by folding inward or outward one of the longitudinal edges of one of the membranes 31 and 32, preferably the longitudinal edge of the outer membrane 31, or optionally by folding the longitudinal edges disposed opposite the outer membrane 31 and the inner membrane 32. As explained above, the shadow mask is fixed to the frame, along the upper edge of the frame 30.

The edge of the outer membrane opposite the edge 35, called the lower edge, is also folded inwards to form tongues 36 used in particular for carrying out the pre-assembly of the frame 30. It is also possible to provide folding tongues, at each of the sides of the frame, both with regard to the outer membrane 31 and with respect to the inner membrane 32. In this case, the lower folded edge of the frame 30 is formed by the overlapping tabs welded between them from the outer membrane 31 and the inner membrane 32.

The tongues 36 folded towards the inside of the frame may have reinforcing ribs 37. The membranes may have through openings 38 at each of the reinforcing ribs 37.

In this case, the tongues 36 reinforced by ribs, folded inwards and welded together, constitute a highly rigid assembly on which it is possible to fix the magnetic shielding of the cathode ray tube, for example by clipping.

As can be seen in FIGS. 9A and 9B, two tongues 36 on two successive sides of the frame 30, for example the sides 30b and 30c are fixed relative to each other by a tongue 36 'cut out, for example, in the lower part of the outer membrane, directly above the corner area 33.

The tongue 36 'is in the folded inward position at 90 °, superimposed on the end parts of the tongues 36 and fixed thereon by welding points 39. This operation is carried out during the pre-assembly of the frame to the inside of a template giving it its shape.

It is then possible to place the internal membrane 32 inside the pre-assembled frame and held in the template to weld it against the pre-assembled external membrane.

In Figure 10, there are shown two metal strips 41 and 42 cut and shaped so as to be able to constitute the outer membrane and the inner membrane respectively of a frame for a shadow mask according to the invention.

The membranes 41 and 42 are produced in a manner substantially identical to the membranes 11 and 12 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B respectively. In particular, the strips 41 and 42 are cut so as to have zones distributed along the length of the strip intended to constitute the external and internal membranes of the flat sides of a frame, arranged along the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped. These areas are separated by corner areas. The fold lines of the membranes 41 and 42, when the frame is produced, are the lines perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the corresponding strip separating the corner areas from the areas intended to constitute the sides of the frame.

The outer membrane 41 has an edge, called the lower edge, along which are cut tabs 43 which are folded 90 ° towards the inside of the frame, before folding and shaping of the frame.

The opposite longitudinal edge of the membrane 41 is folded inward or outward at 90 °.

Cutting and inward folding of the edges of the membrane can be performed only for the outer membrane or also on the outer membrane and on the inner membrane as well.

The metal strips constituting the membranes 41 and 42 are each cut at one of their ends to present a connection zone 44 or 45, these connection zones being attached to one another and welded, after folding of the bands 41 and 42 , when assembling the frame.

The assembly and welding of the frame formed by the metal strips 41 and 42 shown in FIG. 10 are carried out according to a variant of the first embodiment described above.

The manufacture of the membranes 41 and 42 from metal strips is carried out in the same manner as in the case of the first embodiment. In particular, bands 41 and 42 are formed on each of the zones such as 41a and 42a intended to constitute the outer and inner membranes on one side of the frame, reinforcement grooves, for example by stamping or by burnishing.

In the case of the first embodiment, the strips were folded successively and assembled by welding.

In the case of the variant, first of all the welding of the superimposed strips is carried out before their folding, then the folding of the double strip obtained and finally the welding of the connection zones.

Preferably, the strips are welded to each other in the superposed position by brazing.

In order to perform brazing, a solder paste is spread in different zones of one of the bands, for example the band 41 intended to constitute the outer membrane.

The solder paste can be distributed in each of the zones intended to constitute a membrane on one side of the frame, as shown in FIG. 8c.

The solder paste is deposited on the face of the strip 41 opposite the face with respect to which the reinforcing ribs project.

The band 41 is superimposed on the band 41 covered with brazing paste, so that the band 42 comes to rest on the band 41 by means of its face opposite to the face with respect to which the ribs project.

When the strip 42 is placed on the strip 41, the area 42a is reported on the area 41a, as shown by the arrow 40. In this way, the double strip obtained by superposition of the strips 41 and 42 has at its ends of the two connection zones 44 and 45.

The connection is made by brazing the strips 41 and 42 by introducing the strips 41 and 42 in the superimposed position in a pass-through oven. At oven temperature, the solder paste ensures the connection by brazing of the two strips 41 and 42 in the superimposed position.

Next, the double strip obtained is folded along the transverse lines separating the corner zones from the zones constituting the membranes on the sides of the frame. The frame is then pre-assembled by welding one on the other of the tabs 43 cut in the lower edge of the strip 41 which have been folded inwards.

The frame is closed by welding the connection zones 44 and 45 attached to each other.

As in the case of the first and second embodiments, the shape of the frame by folding is imposed and maintained by a template in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped.

It is however preferable to manufacture the frame as described above with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.

In FIG. 11, a frame 46 according to the invention is shown, comprising two opposite sides 47a and 47b, one of the longitudinal edges of which is cut to have an arc-of-a-circle shape and folded inwards to constitute a rim 48a or 48b of cylindrical shape. The edge 48a on the side 47a and the edge 48b on the side 47b of the frame 46 are carried by the same cylindrical surface with an axis ZZ '.

The flanges 48a and 48b allow the fixing by welding to the frame 46, of a perforated mask which is thus arranged and maintained along a cylindrical surface of axis ZZ '.

The frame 46 makes it easy to mount a shadow mask of the "stretched mask" type.

For this, as indicated by the arrows 49 and 49 ', a force F is exerted on the faces 47a and 47b carrying out a bending of the sides 47a and 47b of the frame towards the inside of the frame and on the faces 47c and 47d a force F 'so that the deformation of the edges 48a and 48b is a translation.

The shadow mask is welded to the edges 48a and 48b while maintaining the force ensuring the bending of the sides 47a and 47b of the frame.

After welding of the shadow mask, the bending forces F and F 'are released, so that the sides 47a and 47b of the frame return towards the outside by elasticity and provide tensioning of the shadow mask.

The frame 46 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to implement in a very simple and rapid manner the taut mask technique, while avoiding the use of a massive, heavy and rigid frame.

The frame 46 can also include, along its face opposite the edges 48a and 48b, a rim cut in the form of tongues 50 reinforced by ribs which are folded at 90 ° towards the inside of the frame. In this case, the magnetic shielding of the cathode ray tube can be fixed on the reinforced tongues 50 connected to each other by welding.

Figure 12 shows a side 51 of a frame according to the invention and according to an alternative embodiment.

The sides of the frame, such as the side 51 consist of an outer membrane 51a and an inner membrane 51b attached and fixed one against the other. Compared to the embodiments which have been described previously, the membranes are not ribbed and are constituted by thin metal strips folded and / or stamped, so as to have plane junction parts coming into contact with one of the other and according to which the membranes are welded. As can be seen in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the membranes 51a and 51b can be welded to one another along the upper edge 52 and along the lower edge 53 of the frame. In addition, the membranes have stamped zones 54 of substantially square shape pushed inward on the side of the frame coming into contact and welded in pairs during the assembly of the membranes, as can be seen in FIG. 12A (stamped parts 54a and 54b).

At least one of the membranes 51a, as can be seen in FIG. 12, or the two membranes possibly are pierced with through holes 55 making it possible to avoid trapping gases in the internal space of the wall of the frame.

In addition, the outer membrane 51a is folded at its upper part and at its lower part to form rims for stiffening and mounting the shadow mask.

The frame produced as shown in FIGS. 12, 12A and 12B whose membranes are not ribbed has an overall stiffness in torsion and in bending which is slightly less than the overall rigidity of a frame made from ribbed metal strips, as previously described. There is a change in the amplitude of certain modes of vibration of the frame structure.

Of course, in the case where the frame is made from non-ribbed membranes, these membranes can be assembled together, by welding, according to any of the assembly modes shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C.

Good rigidity of the frame structure can be obtained when the contact surface of the two membranes, for example represented by the welded zone 29 in FIG. 8C, is much less than the stamped surface of the membranes along which the membranes are separated. one of the other.

It is also possible to produce the frame from a stamped metal strip and from a completely flat, non-stamped metal strip. We still keep, in this case, sufficient rigidity of the frame structure but we modify the vibration modes of this structure.

In general, the rigidity of the structure can be optimized as a function of the number and the width of ribs produced on the membranes. It is in particular, it is possible to increase the number of ribs as much as the surfaces allow, or to limit the number of ribs and increase the surface of these ribs. The ribs can also communicate with each other to form a single volume.

The shadow mask frame according to the invention, the flat sides of which consist of two membranes welded together, presents, particularly in the case where the membranes are ribbed, very high mechanical rigidity in bending, in torsion and in tension and compression, in the case of static stresses. In addition, due to its production from thin metal strips, its weight remains very low for a desired rigidity in the case of the manufacture of cathode ray tubes with a perforated mask.

In addition, it has been shown that the frame according to the invention has a limited sensitivity to external periodic stresses in a frequency range from 100 to 400 Hz.

The frame according to the invention also has a structure making it possible to facilitate the mounting of the shadow mask inside the glass envelope of the cathode ray tube, for example by using suspension elements fixed to the frame by clipping and also fixing the magnetic shielding of the cathode ray tube.

Figures 13, 13A and 14, there is shown a suspension element of a new type which can be fixed by clipping into a corner part of a frame according to the invention or of a frame according to art prior.

As it can be seen in FIGS. 13 and 13A, the suspension element generally designated by the reference 55 comprises an upright 56 on which a spring 57 projecting or mounted on an internal side of the upright 56 is produced, a plate d '' hook 58 connected to the upper edge of the upright, in an inclined arrangement relative to the upright and two fixing tabs 59a and 59b connected to the lower edge of the upright, substantially perpendicular to the upright and comprising at their end a lug, respectively 59'a and 59'b . In addition, the upright has, along its upper edge, two hooking lugs 60a and 60b. The suspension element 55 can be fixed by clipping onto a wall 62 of a mask frame 61 constituting a corner area of the mask, as shown in FIG. 13.

In FIG. 13, the mask frame is shown with its vertical sides and its rim for fixing the perforated mask, in its upper part.

The hooking lugs 60a and 60b are engaged on the upper edge of the corner wall 62 of the mask so that the upright 56 comes to bear on the corner wall 62 via the spring 57. The tongues 59a and 59b are slid under the lower rim 63 of the frame 61 opposite the rim on which the shadow mask is fixed. By exerting pressure on the upright 56, the spring is compressed and the tongues 59a and 59b are moved under the lower edge 63 of the mask until the pins 59'a and 59'b engage in the openings provided in a desired position through the rim 63. The pins 59'a and 59'b of the tongues 59a and 59b could, as a variant, come to engage, in the position for fixing the suspension element 55, on the inner edge of the rim 63. The suspension element 55 is fixed to the frame 61 by clipping, the spring 57 being compressed against the corner wall 62 of the frame and exerting a pulling force on the tongues 59a and 59b whose pins 59'a and 59'b are engaged in openings or against the internal edge of the rim 63.

The suspension element which is also hung on the upper edge of the frame by the legs 60a and 60b is perfectly fixed on the frame. Optionally, the fixing of the suspension element can be completed by a laser welding point or electric welding.

The attachment plate 58 is traversed by an opening 64 which is engaged on a sealed attachment pin 65, in an internal part of the slab of the cathode ray tube, in the vicinity of an angle of the slab.

Advantageously, the suspension element 55 can be obtained by cutting and folding a thin metal blade, as shown in FIG. 14 where the cutting lines of the metal strip have been shown in solid lines and the folding lines in dotted lines .

The suspension element 55 could also be produced in several parts assembled together by welding.

• un acier Maraging tel qu'un acier à 18 % de nickel, 9 % de cobalt et renfermant du molybdène et du titane,
• un acier durci à 25 % de nickel, 15 % de chrome et renfermant du titane et de l'aluminium,
• un alliage fer-nickel durci par les carbures tel qu'un alliage renfermant 37 % de nickel, 2 % de molybdène, 0,8 % de chrome et 0,25 % de carbone, à l'état fortement écroui. Cet alliage présente l'avantage d'avoir un faible coefficient de dilatation, de l'ordre de 2.10^-6/°K,
• un superalliage à base de nickel à durcissement structural tel que l'alliage 718,
• certains alliages martensitiques inoxydables.

The suspension element must be made of a steel or alloy with a high elastic limit, for example:

• a Maraging steel such as a steel containing 18% nickel, 9% cobalt and containing molybdenum and titanium,
• a steel hardened to 25% nickel, 15% chromium and containing titanium and aluminum,
• an iron-nickel alloy hardened by carbides such as an alloy containing 37% nickel, 2% molybdenum, 0.8% chromium and 0.25% carbon, in the highly hardened state. This alloy has the advantage of having a low coefficient of expansion, of the order of 2.10 ^-6 / ° K,
• a nickel hardening superalloy with structural hardening such as alloy 718,
• certain stainless martensitic alloys.

All these steels and alloys have been chosen because they have a high elastic limit and keep their elasticity following the necessary heat treatments, during the manufacture of color television tubes. The alloys used must preferably be non-magnetic.

Suspension elements such as the element 55 shown in FIGS. 13 and 13A have the advantage of being able to be fixed on a perforated mask frame without it being necessary to make a connection by resistant welding. Therefore, the suspension elements can be easily disassembled so that it is possible in the event that, during the manufacture of the frame, a check shows that the frame is not in conformity, to recover the frame and / or suspension elements. In addition, a seamless fixing of the suspension element on a rigid and light frame makes it possible to avoid deforming the frame, when the element is fixed.

In addition, the suspension element as described above is of a simple and inexpensive embodiment and can be put in place and fixed to the mask frame quickly and easily.

The metal strips used to make the membranes constituting the sides of a mask mask according to the invention can be made of low carbon steel such as AK steel, iron-based alloy, iron-nickel alloy such that the Invar with low thermal expansion, in iron-chromium alloy, in nickel-based alloy, in alloy with structural hardening or with hardening of the martensitic type, these alloys making it possible to considerably increase the rigidity of the structure of the frame or made of magnetic alloy, non-magnetic alloy or vibration-absorbing alloy.

The two membranes can be made of the same metallic material chosen from the materials listed above.

The outer membrane and the inner membrane could also be made of different materials, at least one of the materials of the membranes being chosen from the materials listed above.

• a) d'améliorer les performances magnétiques du cadre en utilisant un alliage magnétique pour l'une des membranes et un acier à bas carbone pour l'autre membrane, par exemple une membrane en acier et une membrane en mumétal ou encore une membrane en acier et une membrane en Invar.
• b) d'améliorer la réponse en fréquence du cadre en utilisant un alliage amortissant les vibrations dans la bande de fréquences 100 - 400 Hz pour réaliser l'une des membranes.
• c) de tirer parti des avantages de l'effet de bilame inhérent à une structure hétérogène utilisant des alliages différents.

The use of two different alloys can in particular allow:

• a) improve the magnetic performance of the frame by using a magnetic alloy for one of the membranes and a low carbon steel for the other membrane, for example a steel membrane and a mumetal membrane or a steel membrane and an Invar membrane.
• b) to improve the frequency response of the frame by using an alloy dampening the vibrations in the frequency band 100 - 400 Hz to produce one of the membranes.
• c) to take advantage of the advantages of the bimetallic strip effect inherent in a heterogeneous structure using different alloys.

In general, the metal strips used to make the membranes of the frame according to the invention are thin strips the thickness of which is at most equal to 0.1 mm, while the thin frames known from the prior art have a thickness on the order of 0.2 mm. The realization of the frame according to the invention from two superimposed membranes makes it possible to obtain a ten times greater rigidity of the frame with a weight gain of 20% compared to the thin frames known from the prior art.

Of course, the frame is made so as to allow and facilitate the attachment of the shadow mask. In particular, the position of the reinforcing ribs membranes on the sides of the frame is provided to allow the installation and fixing of the shadow mask without difficulty. This fixation of the shadow mask can be carried out by electric welding on the edges of the frame, which corresponds to the known technique.

Perforated masks of the "stretched mask" type can be manufactured using a frame whose fixing edges have a cylindrical symmetry. In this case, the tensioning of the mask can be carried out by bending on two sides of the frame, as explained above.

Using suitably chosen high elastic limit alloys, it is possible to design a frame for a stretched mask of very great rigidity and much lighter than the frames for stretched mask according to the state of the prior art.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments which have been described.

This is how we can manufacture the frame using two or four portions of pre-cut and preformed metal strip or from a number of strips greater than four, depending on the method of assembly and welding of these strips and the shape of the frame section. It is of course possible to envisage the manufacture of frames whose outline is not rectangular. The cut strip portions may or may not include corner or connection zones in addition to the zones having the shape of flat sides of the frame.

The reinforcing ribs of the membranes may have a distribution and a shape different from those which have been indicated.

The suspension element according to the invention may comprise a single tab and a single attachment tab on the shadow mask frame or even more than two tabs and more than two attachment tabs.

Claims (28)

Perforated mask frame of a cathode ray tube and in particular of a color television tube having flat sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 51) arranged along lateral sides of a straight prismatic surface and having a stiffening edge (20, 48a, 48b) for fixing a shadow mask (5) on the frame (7, 30) by means of which the shadow mask (5) is placed inside a glass envelope of the cathode ray tube which comprises a cone (2) and a slab (3) comprising a screen (3a), characterized in that the sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d, 51) of the frame ( 30) have an outer membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41, 51a) and an inner membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42, 51b) attached and fixed against each other and made up each by a portion of thin metal strip. Frame according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the external (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41, 51a) and internal (12, 22, 22', 32, 42, 51b) membranes is reinforced by at least one stamped part of the membrane. Frame according to claim 2, characterized in that the at least one membrane is reinforced by ribs (13, 14). Frame according to claim 3, characterized in that the outer membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41, 51a) and the inner membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42, 51b) are reinforced by ribs and that the ribs (13) of the outer membrane (1, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) have a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ribs (14) of the inner membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42). Frame according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one membrane has ribs arranged in two directions perpendicular to each other. Frame according to any one of claims 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the internal membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the external membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are crossed by at least one hole (17, 18, 55) at each of the stamped parts or reinforcing ribs (13, 14). Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are fixed one on the other by welding points (27). Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are fixed one on the other by continuous weld lines (28). Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are connected between them by a brazing material distributed in zones (29) between the membranes. Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are in the same metallic material. Frame according to claim 10, characterized in that the metallic material is one of the following materials: low carbon steel, iron-based alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-chromium alloy, nickel-based alloy, alloy with structural hardening, martensitic hardening alloy, alloy magnetic, non-magnetic alloy, vibration-absorbing alloy. Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) are in different materials. Frame according to Claim 12, characterized in that at least one of the materials constituting the external membrane (11, 21, 21 ', 31, 41) and the internal membrane (12, 22, 22', 32, 42) is chosen from the following materials: low carbon steel, iron-based alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-chrome alloy, nickel-based alloy, structural hardening alloy, martensitic hardening alloy, magnetic alloy, alloy non-magnetic, vibration-absorbing alloy. Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises substantially flat corner zones (33) between the successive sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) of the frame. Frame according to Claim 14, characterized in that a device (34) for suspending the frame (30) in the glass envelope of the cathode ray tube is fixed by clipping inside at least one hole in each of the corner areas (33). Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it has an edge opposite the edge (20, 48a, 48b) of stiffening along which the shadow mask (5) is fixed, consisting of a part of at least one of the outer and inner membranes (31, 32) of the sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) of the frame (30) folded 90 ° towards the inside of the frame and having reinforcing ribs, to ensure fixing by clipping a magnetic shield (9) of the cathode ray tube. Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it has two opposite and parallel sides (47a, 47b) each having a mounting edge (48a, 48b) of the shadow mask consisting of a part of at least one membrane on both sides (47a, 47b) of the frame (46) folded inwardly of the frame, so that the mounting edges (48a, 48b) of the shadow mask are located on the same cylindrical surface. Frame according to any one of Claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) of the frame (30) are arranged along the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped. Method of manufacturing a frame for a shadow mask of a cathode ray tube such as a color television tube having sides of flat shape arranged substantially along lateral faces of a straight prismatic surface, characterized in that at least one thin metal strip is cut, at least one first membrane (11, 21, 31, 41) and at least one second membrane (12, 22, 32, 42) comprising, along the length of the metal strip, at at least one zone (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b, 41a, 42a) having the shape of a flat side of the frame to be produced, so as to obtain, for each side of the frame to be produced, a first membrane and a second membrane which can be superimposed, - stamped parts or reinforcing ribs (13, 14) are produced in each of the zones of the first and second membranes by deformation of the corresponding metal strip, and - We realize the assembly of the frame by welding the membranes in arrangements reported against each other. Method according to Claim 19, characterized in that the first and the second membranes (11, 21, 31, 41, 12, 22, 32, 42) additionally comprise at least one corner or connection zone (11e, 11f, 11g, 11h, 12e, 12f, 12g, 12h) adjacent to an area having the shape of a flat side of the frame. Process according to any one of Claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the folding and the positioning of the first and of the second membranes are carried out one against the other according to the shape of the frame to be produced, and - We weld the first and second membranes reported against each other and maintained according to the shape of the frame to be produced. Process according to either of Claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the first and second membranes are superimposed, so that the zones (41a, 42a) corresponding to the same side of the frame are superimposed, - that the membranes are bonded in their superimposed position, and - that the folding and assembly of the superimposed membranes are made and connected together to obtain the frame. Process according to Claim 22, characterized in that the membranes are bonded in the superposed position by spreading a layer of solder on one face of the first membrane, by superimposing the second membrane on the face of the first membrane on which is deposited the brazing product and finally, bringing the superimposed membranes to a brazing temperature. Method according to any one of Claims 19 to 23, for producing a frame whose flat sides (30a, 30b, 30c, 30d) are arranged according to the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped, characterized in that the first membrane (11) and the second membrane (12) have, along their length, four zones (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) having the shape of the four sides of the frame in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, three corner areas (12e, 12d, 12g) each inserted between two areas corresponding to two sides of the frame and a connection area at one end of the membrane (11, 12). Process according to any one of Claims 19 to 23, for the manufacture of a frame the flat sides of which are arranged along the lateral faces of a rectangular parallelepiped, characterized in that two first membranes are cut (21, 21 ') and two second membranes (22, 22') each comprising a first zone corresponding to a first side of the frame, a second zone corresponding to a second side of the frame, an angle zone between the first and the second zone and a connection area at one end of the membrane. Hanging element for a shadow mask frame (61) inside a slab of a cathode ray tube comprising a plate (58) through which an opening (64) for engaging the hanging element (55) on a pin (65) integral with the slab of the cathode ray tube and means for fixing the suspension element (55) on a wall (62) of the frame (61), characterized in that the means for fixing the suspension element (55) on the wall (62) of the frame (61) comprise: - an upright (56) integral with the plate (58) having at least one hooking tab (60a, 60b) on an edge of the wall (62) of the frame (61), a spring (57) projecting from an internal face of the upright (56) coming into contact with the wall (62) of the frame (61), and - At least one tongue (59a, 59b) substantially perpendicular to the upright (56) and directed towards the inside of the frame (61) comprising a latching lug (59'a, 59'b) at its end directed towards the inside the frame to secure the suspension element (55) to the frame (61) by clipping, the latching lug (59'a, 59'b) of the tongue (59a, 59b) being engaged on a frame retaining element (61) and the spring (57) compressed between the upright (56) and the wall (62) of the frame (61). Suspension element according to claim 26, characterized in that it consists of a thin metal blade cut and folded. Suspension element according to either of Claims 26 and 27, characterized in that it is made of a metallic material with a high elastic limit chosen from the following materials: - Maraging steels - steel 25% nickel and 15% chromium, containing titanium and aluminum, - iron-nickel alloys, - nickel-based superalloys - stainless martensitic alloys.

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