EP0805939B1 - Strahlungskonzentrationsvorrichtung und dach mit einer derartigen intergrierten vorrichtung - Google Patents

Strahlungskonzentrationsvorrichtung und dach mit einer derartigen intergrierten vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0805939B1
EP0805939B1 EP96909475A EP96909475A EP0805939B1 EP 0805939 B1 EP0805939 B1 EP 0805939B1 EP 96909475 A EP96909475 A EP 96909475A EP 96909475 A EP96909475 A EP 96909475A EP 0805939 B1 EP0805939 B1 EP 0805939B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
roof
panel
solar energy
spanning member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96909475A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0805939A2 (de
EP0805939A4 (de
Inventor
John F. Myles Iii
Michael H. Nicklas
Louis J. Gerics
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0805939A2 publication Critical patent/EP0805939A2/de
Publication of EP0805939A4 publication Critical patent/EP0805939A4/de
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Publication of EP0805939B1 publication Critical patent/EP0805939B1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B5/00—Artificial water canals, e.g. irrigation canals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/81—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a roof having an integral solar energy concentrating system.
  • a combination of solar energy concentrating reflectors and reflected solar energy collectors is used, among other solar energy concentrating or energy transferring elements, to gather radiant solar energy from a roof atop a building or roofed structure.
  • the reflectors or reflector backing panels are integrated into other roof structure elements so as to form a weathertight roof.
  • the present invention results in a lower weight and lower cost way of collecting radiant solar energy from atop a building or roofed structure.
  • the weathertight roof portion of the present invention is described in modular form described in an application entitled "A Roof Module Having an Integral Solar Energy Concentrator", filed concurrently herewith.
  • the present invention also can incorporate the use of replaceable solar energy concentrating reflectors as described in an application entitled “An Improved Solar Energy Concentrating System Having Replaceable Reflectors", filed concurrently herewith.
  • the second option was to make a substantial portion of the roof into a solar energy concentrating reflector.
  • An example of this unitary reflector approach can be found in US 3 994 435 to Barr. While Barr no longer had the disadvantage of added supporting structure as in the add-on approach, Barr had to make compromises in gathering the radiant solar energy. The semi-cylindrical reflector and fixed collector did not collect as much solar energy as ground-based units with better geometries. Also, Barr required that the underlying building have a shape similar to the reflector, and thus, the ends of the Barr building had to swoop arcuately upwards, mimicking the reflector art. Such a requirement had obvious disadvantages in being used on the numerous flat roofed buildings and roofed structures which are used for commercial or industrial purposes.
  • US 4 602 613 also to Barr discloses a solar energy concentrating arrangement, including a plurality of primary reflectors and flat plate collectors which are moved cross the reflectors on a support system which keeps their orientations fixed.
  • the present invention relates to a roof having an integral solar energy concentrating system.
  • a combination of solar energy concentrating reflectors and reflected solar energy collectors is used, among other solar energy concentrating or energy transferring elements, to gather radiant solar energy striking a roof atop a building or roofed structure.
  • Either the reflectors or reflector backing panels are integrated into other roof structure elements so as to form a weathertight roof.
  • the present invention results in a lower weight and lower cost way of collecting radiant solar energy from atop a building or roofed structure.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that because the present invention is exposed to the weather, that the selection of materials in constructing the present invention must take into account the effects weather has at the site of use.
  • the present roof comprises a number of elements, starting with a plurality of roof spanning members.
  • a "roof spanning member” includes conventional load bearing structures for supporting roots such as trusses or beams.
  • Each roof spanning member spans from a first upright load-bearing building member of a roofed structure to a second uptight load-bearing building member of the roofed structure.
  • an "upright load-bearing building member” includes conventional means of supporting roof spanning members, such as walls or columns.
  • Each roof spanning member is separated from an adjacent roof spanning member by a distance at least sufficient to allow a reflector backing panel or a solar energy concentrating reflector to be disposed within that distance.
  • each roof spanning member has a plurality of upper panel support points, a plurality of lower panel support points or a combination of upper panel support points and lower panel support points.
  • These panel support points are for attaching and supporting either a reflector backing panel, as a first main variant of the present invention, a reflector, as in the second main variant, or non-reflective roofing panels that may be substituted for either a reflector or a reflector backing paneL
  • the lower panel support points are spaced outward from and down from the upper support points.
  • the plurality of roof spanning members are dimensioned and configured to support the weight of all of the roof-supported elements in the following paragraphs, as well as conventional roof-mounted dead loads and live loads known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • a plurality of reflector backing panels is used as part of the weathertight roofing surface. At least one reflector backing panel is disposed between adjacent roof spanning members. Each reflector backing panel has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to 180 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges. (For the purposes of the present invention, “lower” and “upper” with respect to the reflectors or the reflector backing panels do not express, necessarily, a relative position between the edges.
  • the reflector backing panels can be disposed laterally adjacent to one another between adjacent roof spanning members so as to form a row for up to the entire length of the roof spanning members. At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector backing panel disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of such upper panel support points and lower panel support points.
  • Each reflector backing panel is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface.
  • each reflector backing panel is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector backing panel can be placed adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector backing panel for the length of the underlying roof spanning member so as to form the row of adjacent reflector backing panels.
  • One of ordinary akill in the art can use various materials to construct the above reflector backing panel, including fabricated metals or alloys, and molded laminates or composites.
  • the first variant of the present invention also comprises a plurality of solar energy concentrating reflectors. Because a reflector backing panel is present, the reflector can be flexible and can rely upon an underlying reflector backing panel to provide the correct configuration. If the reflector is not substantially flexible, then, the reflector has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration complementary to the underlying reflector backing panel. As in conventional solar energy concentrating systems, each reflector has a skyward facing surface that reflects radiant solar energy. Each reflector has an upper edge, a lower edge, and curved lateral edges. Finally, each reflector is disposed on top of the skyward surface of an underlying reflector backing panel, being attached thereto by conventional means, including mechanical fastening means or adhesive means.
  • each spanning member cap means is connected either to the top of a roof spanning member, the upper edge of a reflector, or the upper edge of a reflector backing panel.
  • Each spanning member cap means extends lengthwise for the length of the roof spanning member and extends laterally across the roof spanning member.
  • Each spanning member cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with either the reflector backing panels or the reflectors, and the roof spanning member over which the spanning cap means is disposed.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of end cap means, each being situated or disposed at the outside or end of the roof spanning member, so as to seal the exposed area formed by the reflector backing panel and its reflector.
  • Each end cap means is connected to roof elements such as an outside reflector, an outside reflector backing panel, an outside spanning member cap means, or an outside load-bearing building member.
  • An end cap means may be unitary or formed from several parts. However, regardless of the method of fabrication, each end cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with the roof elements to which the end cap means is connected, thus, sealing the roof.
  • the end cap means can vary even within the use on one roof.
  • one wall of a building may be raised above the roof spanning member so as to equal or exceed the height of the part of the spanning member cap means, whereas another wall may reach only to the bottom of the reflector backing panel.
  • the end cap means would simply provide a flashing to the wall for the reflector backing panel or the reflector, and the roof spanning member or the spanning member cap means.
  • the end cap means would include a panel having a surface that covers the exposed arcuate area formed by the reflector backing panel or the reflector, and the roof spanning member or the spanning member cap means.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means.
  • the panel sealing means are located at various seams including at the curved lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each reflector backing panel, at the curved lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each reflector, or a combination of the above.
  • the present invention also comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector.
  • a plurality of collector support means are used.
  • a collector support means is disposed above each row of adjacent reflectors so as to support a collector and allow the collector to move within a predetermined focal zone for collecting solar energy reflected from the stationary reflectors.
  • Each collector support means can comprise a plurality of collector support members which attach to adjacent spanning member cap means or the underlying roof spanning member.
  • the collector support members span from the top of a first roof spanning member to the top of a second adjacent roof spanning member and have a means for allowing the collector to move in a predetennined path.
  • At least two collector support members are disposed along each row of adjacent reflectors, between said first spanning member and second spanning member.
  • the collector support members may span from a roof spanning member to a support surface such as the outside wall of the building.
  • the collector support members for a collector are dimensioned and configured so as to support that collector, as exposed to the forces of the weather at the roof site.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of collectors, each collector extending lengthwise across the curved lateral edges of a row of adjacent reflectors.
  • each collector is connected to at least two collector support members so as to be disposed to move within a predetermined focal collection zone.
  • each collector is dimensioned and configured to receive the reflected solar energy into a conduit through which an energy transfer fluid can flow, the fluid being heated by the reflected solar energy.
  • an energy transfer fluid can flow, the fluid being heated by the reflected solar energy.
  • the present invention uses a means for positioning each collector in an optimal position within the focal collection zone throughout a defined solar cycle, such as the diurnal cycle.
  • the positioning means is connected to the moveable portion of each collector support means.
  • the positioning means can be designed in a variety of ways.
  • the positioning means can comprise an integrated means that couples all of the collectors together through a mechanical means such as gears and chain, moving all the collectors at once.
  • the positioning means can comprise a number of elements, each moving a single collector, such an electrical motor attached to each collector support means.
  • the present invention includes a fluid transport means which connects the conduit from each collector to a thermal energy use means or an energy storage means.
  • the fluid transport means circulates the solar energy-heated fluid through the plurality of conduits. Any number of conventional arrangements or systems can be used, and are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the roof comprises a number of elements, as follows.
  • the reflectors Above the roof spanning members lie the reflectors.
  • Each reflector has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to 180 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • the reflectors are disposed adjacent to one another above the roof spanning members so as to form a row for up to the entire length of the roof spanning member.
  • At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of such upper panel support points and lower panel support points.
  • Each reflector is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface. As in conventional solar energy concentrating systems, each reflector has a skyward facing surface that reflects radiant solar energy. Also, each reflector is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector can be placed adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector for the length of the underlying roof spanning member so as to form the row of adjacent reflectors.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art can use various materials to construct a reflector, including fabricated metals or alloys with polished or reflectorized surfaces, and molded laminates or composites with reflectorized surfaces.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means.
  • Each spanning member cap means is connected either to the top of a roof spanning member or the upper edge of a reflector.
  • Each spanning member cap means extends lengthwise for the length of the roof spanning member and extends laterally across the roof spanning member.
  • Each spanning member cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with the reflectors and the roof spanning member over which the spanning cap means is disposed.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of end cap means, each being situated or disposed at the end of the roof spanning member, so as to seal the exposed area formed by the reflector.
  • Each end cap means is connected to roof elements such as an outside reflector, an outside spanning member cap means, or an outside load-bearing building member.
  • An end cap means may be unitary or formed from several parts. However, regardless of the method of fabrication, each end cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with the roof elements to which the end cap means is connected, thus, sealing the roof.
  • the end cap means can vary even within the use on one roof.
  • one wall of a building may be raised above the roof spanning member so as to equal the height of the part of the spanning member cap means, whereas another wall may reach only to the bottom of the reflector.
  • the end cap means would simply provide a flashing to the wall for the reflector and the roof spanning member or the spanning member cap means.
  • the end cap means would include a panel having a surface that covers the exposed arcuate area formed by the reflector, and the roof spanning member or the spanning member cap means.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means.
  • the panel sealing means are located at various seams including at the curved lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each reflector.
  • the second variant of the present invention also comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector. These elements, the collector support means, the solar energy collector, the collector positioning means, and the fluid transport means are as described above.
  • the present invention further provides a solar energy concentration system having:
  • One preferred embodiment of the present invention uses a design wherein only one row of reflectors having an arcuate configuration of up to about 120 degrees is placed between adjacent roof spanning members, or a roof spanning member and an outside wall.
  • a non-reflective roofing panel is used to extend from the lower edge of the reflector to the top of the roof spanning member nearest the lower edge of that reflector.
  • This embodiment can have two main variants, one that uses reflector backing panels, and another that does not.
  • the roof comprises a plurality of roof spanning members as described above.
  • a plurality of reflector backing panels is used as part of the roofing surface.
  • Each reflector backing panel has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to about 120 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • the reflector backing panels are disposed adjacent to one another in a single row between adjacent roof spanning members for up to the entire length of the roof spanning members.
  • At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector backing panel disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of the above.
  • Each reflector backing panel is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface. Also, each reflector backing panel is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector backing panel can be placed laterally adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector backing panel for the length of the underlying roof spanning member so as to form the row of adjacent reflector backing panels.
  • a reflector backing panel including fabricated metals or alloys, and molded laminates or composites.
  • the reflector backing panel is a sandwich laminate having aluminum sheet skin on either side and a core of insulating structural foam.
  • Non-reflective roofing panels are used to close the gap between the lower edge of a reflector backing panel and the top of the roof spanning member closest to the lower edge of the reflector backing panel or to a load-bearing upright building member closest to the lower edge of the reflector backing panel.
  • Each non-reflective roofing panel has lateral edges, a lower edge, and an upper edge.
  • the non-reflective roofing panel can be curved or flat.
  • the lower edge of the non-reflective roofing panel attaches either to the lower edge of an adjacent reflector backing panel or to a lower panel support point.
  • the upper edge of the non-reflective roofing panel either attaches to the top of a roof spanning member adjacent to the roof spanning member supporting the upper edge of the adjacent reflector backing panel, said roof spanning member being closest to the lower edge of the reflector backing panel, attaches to an upper panel support point on said adjacent roof spanning member, or attaches to a load-bearing upright building member close to the lower edge of the reflector backing panel.
  • Each non-reflective roofing panel is dimensioned and configured along the lateral edges wherein the lateral edge of a non-reflective roofing panel can be placed adjacent to the lateral edge of another non-reflective roofing panel for the length of the underlying roof spanning member, so as to form a row of adjacent non-reflective roofing panels, along with the row of reflectors, between adjacent roof spanning members.
  • each reflector backing panel On top of each reflector backing panel lies a reflector.
  • this first variant also comprises a plurality of solar energy concentrating reflectors.
  • Each reflector can be flexible and rely upon an underlying reflector backing panel for support, or a reflector can have a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration complementary to the underlying reflector backing panel.
  • each reflector has a skyward facing surface that reflects radiant solar energy.
  • Each reflector has an upper edge, a lower edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • each reflector is disposed on top of the skyward surface of an underlying reflector backing panel.
  • the present preferred embodiment includes a plurality of spanning member cap means, end cap means, and a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means, all as described above.
  • the present preferred embodiment also comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector, namely, a plurality of collector support means, a plurality of reflected solar energy collectors, a means for positioning each collector in an optimal position within the focal collection zone, and a fluid transport means, all as described above.
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 illustrate the variant of the single reflector row design that uses reflector backing panels. If a new structure is being built, then one would prefer to orient the roof spanning members of the new structure such that the collector in the present invention is oriented in a lengthwise direction, i.e., follows the direction formed by the lower edge of the reflectors, which is within 30 degrees of a true East-West axis. However, the present invention can be used on structures having any orientation.
  • a plurality of simple space trusses (10A and 10B) are used as the roof spanning members. Each simple space truss has a plurality of web members (12) disposed between an upper chord (14) and two lower chords (16), one on either side of and below the upper chord.
  • a plurality of web members (12) connect the upper chord to the lower chords.
  • Upper panel support points (17) are located near the upper chord, and the lower panel support points (18) are located near the lower chords, on top of short vertical members.
  • the simple space trusses are dimensioned and configured to support the weight of all of the roof supported elements described below, as well as conventional dead loads, such as roof-mounted air conditioning elements, and live loads, such as wind and snow.
  • FIGURES 7 and 8 show the same system except using flat trusses (11A and 11B) instead of simple space trusses.
  • a reflector backing panel (20) underlies each solar energy concentrating reflector (30).
  • This reflector backing panel has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to about 120 degrees, a lower edge (22), an upper edge (24), and curved lateral edges (26).
  • the reflector backing panels are dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges such that one reflector backing panel can be located laterally adjacent to another reflector backing panel so as to form a row of reflector backing panels extending for up to the length of the underlying space truss.
  • the reflector backing panel is made so as to provide dimensional or configurational stability to the overlying reflector. Suitable embodiments of the reflector backing panel include a sandwich laminate having aluminum sheet skin on either side of a core of insulating structural foam.
  • Each reflector (30) is flexible enough to assume a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration complementary to the underlying reflector backing panel.
  • Each reflector has a lower edge (32), an upper edge (34), and, when in place, curved lateral edges (36).
  • the skyward surface of the reflector is the concave surface.
  • Each reflector is dimensioned and configured along the lateral edges such that one reflector can be located adjacent to another reflector so as to form a row of reflector extending for up to the length of the underlying space truss.
  • Such a reflector can be comprised of a ultraviolet-stabilized plastic having a reflectorized concave surface.
  • Particularly suitable for reflectors is an ultraviolet-stabilized acrylic having a thickness of 1.6 mm wherein the underside of the concave surface of the acrylic has aluminum vapor-deposited thereon, providing a reflectivity of at least 75%, preferably at least 90%.
  • the reflector can be made from co-extruded polymers having a reflectivity based on the difference in the indices of refraction of the two polymers.
  • Non-reflective roofing panels are used to close the gap between the lower edge of a reflector and the top of the roof spanning member closest to the lower edge of the reflector or to a load-bearing upright building member closest to the lower edge of the reflector panel.
  • Each non-reflective roofing panel (40) has lateral edges (42), a lower edge (44), and an upper edge (46).
  • the lower edge attaches to a lower panel support point.
  • the upper edge attaches to an upper panel support point on top of a simple space truss (10A) adjacent to the simple space truss (10B) supporting the upper edge of the adjacent reflector.
  • Each non- reflective roofing panel is dimensioned and configured along the lateral edges wherein the lateral edge of a non-reflective roofing panel can be placed adjacent to the lateral edge of another non- reflective roofing panel extending for up to the length of the underlying roof spanning member, so as to form a row of adjacent non-reflective roofing panels.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means (50).
  • Each spanning member cap means is connected to the top of a roof spanning member.
  • Each spanning member cap means extends lengthwise for the length of the roof spanning member and extends laterally across the roof spanning member.
  • each spanning member cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with the reflector backing panels, the non-reflective roofing panels, and the roof spanning member over which the spanning cap means is disposed.
  • the present roof includes a plurality of end cap means, each end cap means (60) being situated or disposed at the outside or end of the roof spanning member, so as to seal the exposed end formed by the reflector backing panel and its reflector.
  • Each end cap means is connected to an outside reflector backing panel, an outside non-reflective panel, or the outside spanning member cap means.
  • Each end cap means is dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with the roof elements to which the end cap means is connected, thus, sealing the roof.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means.
  • the panel sealing means (70) are located at various seams including at the lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each reflector backing panel, at the lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each non-reflective roofing panel.
  • a collector support means spans above and across the row of reflectors, extending from the spanning member cap means of a first roof spanning member (10A) to the spanning member cap means of a second roof spanning member (10B).
  • the collector support means comprises two arches (100) as the collector support members. Each arch spans from the spanning member cap means (50) on one space truss to the spanning member cap means of a second space truss.
  • a bearing means (102) is located on each arch.
  • a drive shaft (104) is connected to the bearing means on each arch so as to comprise a rotating means located at the center of curvature for the underlying reflector.
  • Lower support members (106) are connected to the drive shaft.
  • a reflected solar energy collector (110) is connected to the collector support means by the lower support members.
  • the preferred collector for a cylindrically arcuate reflector has a compound parabolic design, as disclosed in U.S. 5,274,497 to Winston.
  • the collector has a conduit (112) through which an energy transfer fluid can be heated and circulated.
  • the drive shaft is located at the center of curvature for the solar energy concentrating reflector.
  • a counterweight (108) is attached to the drive shaft (104).
  • the counterweight extends up from the drive shaft member at an angle and a distance with respect to the collector and having a sufficient mass or weight such that if a means for positioning the collector is disconnected from controlling the rotating means, then the counterweight rotates the collector outside of the focal collection zone.
  • a means for positioning the collector is connected to the drive shaft (104).
  • the positioning means comprises an electrical motor hooked to a microprocessor which can keep the collector in an optimal position for collecting reflected solar energy throughout the diurnal solar cycle.
  • the positioning means has an electromagnetic clutch which can disconnect control of the step motor over the position of the drive shaft member, (not shown).
  • a signal, or a lack of one can come from one of three means (not shown) - a temperature sensor means, a pressure sensor means, or a position sensor means. In some embodiments, a combination of such elements can be used. If the signal, or a lack thereof, indicates conditions outside of predetermined limits, then the electromagnetic clutch releases the drive shaft and the collector is automatically moved away from the optimal position in the focal collection zone by gravity.
  • a fluid transport system (not shown) connects the conduit of each collector to a thermal energy use means or an energy storage means.
  • the fluid transport means circulates the solar energy- heated fluid.
  • Suitable energy transfer fluids include distilled water, but more preferably for high temperature application include silicone heat transfer fluid (HTF), organic synthetic HTF, or inhibited glycol HTF.
  • a plurality of reflectors is used as part of the roofing surface, without the need for reflector backing panels.
  • the roof comprises a plurality of roof spanning members, as described above.
  • Each reflector has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to about 120 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • the reflectors are disposed adjacent to one another in a single row between adjacent roof spanning members for up to the entire length of the roof spanning members.
  • At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of the above.
  • Each reflector is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface.
  • each reflector has a skyward facing surface that reflects radiant solar energy.
  • each reflector is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector can be placed adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector for the length of the underlying roof spanning members so as to form the single row of adjacent reflectors between adjacent roof spanning members.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art can use various materials to construct a reflector including fabricated metals or alloys with polished or reflectorized surfaces, and molded laminates or composites with reflectorized surfaces.
  • Non-reflective roofing panels are used to close the gap between the lower edge of the reflectors and the top of the roof spanning member closest to the lower edge of the reflector or to a load-bearing upright building member closest to the lower edge of the reflector panel.
  • Each non-reflective roofing panel has lateral edges, a lower edge, and an upper edge dimensioned and configured as described above. The lower edge attaches either to the lower edge of an adjacent reflector or to a lower panel support point.
  • the upper edge either attaches to the top of a roof spanning member adjacent to the roof spanning member supporting the upper edge of the adjacent reflector, said roof spanning member being closest to the lower edge of the reflector, attaches to an upper panel support point on said adjacent roof spanning member, or attaches to a load-bearing upright building member close to the lower edge of the reflector.
  • These non- reflective roofing panels can be either transparent or translucent.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means, a plurality of end cap means, and a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means, all as described above.
  • the present invention aiso comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector. These elements are the same as described above.
  • An alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention is to provide for a pair of reflectors between adjacent roof spanning member, such that abutted lower edge to lower edge, they can form an up to a 180 degree cylindrically arcuate form.
  • the first uses reflector backing panels, while the second does not.
  • the roof comprises a number of elements, starting with a plurality of roof spanning members as described above.
  • a plurality of reflector backing panels is used as part of the roofing surface.
  • Each reflector backing panel has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to 90 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • the reflector backing panels are disposed adjacent to one another along the respective curved lateral edges to form a first row and a second row between adjacent roof spanning members for up to the entire length of the roof spanning members.
  • the first row and the second row are disposed such that the lower edges of the reflector backing panels in the first row are adjacent to the lower edges of the reflector backing panels in the second row.
  • At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector backing panel disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of the above.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art can vary the support points allowed through changing the strength of the reflector backing panel.
  • each reflector backing panel need not be attached to support points.
  • Each reflector backing panel is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface.
  • each reflector backing panel is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector backing panel can be placed adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector backing panel for the length of the underlying roof spanning member so as to form the row of adjacent reflector backing panels.
  • a reflector backing panel including fabricated metals or alloys, and molded laminates or composites.
  • each reflector backing panel On top of each reflector backing panel lies a reflector as described above in the Single Row Roof Embodiment section.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means, a plurality of end cap means, and a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means, also as described above.
  • the present invention also comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector. These solar energy gathering elements are the same as described above in the first variant of the single row embodiment.
  • FIGURES 14 and 15 illustrates the variant of the double row reflector design that uses reflector backing panels. If a new structure is being built, then one would prefer to orient the roof spanning members of the new structure such that the collector in the present invention is oriented in a lengthwise direction, i.e., follows the direction formed by the lower edge of the reflectors, which is within 30 degrees of a true North-South axis. However, the present invention can be used on structures having any orientation.
  • a plurality of flat trusses (11A and 11B) are used as the roof spanning member. Each flat truss is comprised of a plurality of web sections (12) disposed between an upper chord (13) and a lower chord (15).
  • a plurality of transverse joist members (19) are connected to the lower chord.
  • the upper panel support points (17) are located at or near the upper chord
  • the lower panel support points (18) are located at or near the lower chord, the transverse joint members, or a combination thereof.
  • the flat trusses are dimensioned and configured to support the weight of all of the roof supported elements described below, as well as conventional dead loads, such as roof-mounted air conditioning elements, and live loads, such as wind and snow.
  • a reflector backing panel (20) underlies each solar energy concentrating reflector (30).
  • This reflector backing panel has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to 90 degrees, a lower edge (22), an upper edge (24), and curved lateral edges (26).
  • the reflector backing panels are dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges such that one reflector backing panel can be located laterally adjacent to another reflector backing panel so as to form a row of reflector backing panels extending for up to the length of the underlying space truss.
  • the reflector backing panel is made so as to provide dimensional or configurational stability to the overlying reflector. Suitable embodiments of the reflector backing panel are described above.
  • Each reflector (30) is flexible enough to assume a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration complementary to the underlying reflector backing panel.
  • Each reflector has a lower edge (32), an upper edge (34), and, when in place, curved lateral edges (36).
  • the skyward surface of the reflector is the concave surface.
  • Each reflector is dimensioned and configured along the lateral edges such that one reflector can be located adjacent to another reflector so as to form a row of reflectors extending for up to the length of the underlying space truss.
  • Such a reflector can be comprised of a ultraviolet-stabilized plastic having a reflectorized concave surface as described above.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means (50). Also included is the end cap means (60), not shown in FIGURES 14 and 15. Both of these elements are as described in the Single Reflector Row section.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means.
  • the panel sealing means (70) are located at various seams including at the lateral edges, the upper edge, and the lower edge of each reflector backing paneL
  • a collector support means spans across and above the double row of reflectors as described in the Single Row Roof Embodiment section.
  • a reflected solar energy collector (110) is connected to the collector support means by lower support members.
  • the collector has a compound parabolic design is located and operates, as described in the Single Row Roof Embodiment section.
  • a fluid transport system (not shown) connects the conduit of each collector to a thermal energy use means or an energy storage means.
  • the fluid transport means circulates the solar energy- heated fluid.
  • a plurality of reflectors is used as part of the roofing surface, without the need for reflector backing panels.
  • the roof comprises a plurality of roof spanning members, as described above.
  • a plurality of reflectors is used as part of the roofing surface.
  • Each reflector has a concave and cylindrically arcuate configuration of up to 90 degrees, a lower edge, an upper edge, and curved lateral edges.
  • the reflectors are disposed adjacent to one another along the respective curved lateral edges to form a first row and a second row between adjacent roof spanning members covering the entire length of the roof spanning members.
  • the first row and the second row are disposed such that the lower edges of the reflectors in the first row are adjacent to the lower edges of the reflectors. At least one of the curved lateral edges of at least one reflector disposed in each row attaches either to the upper panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, to the lower panel support points of the underlying roof spanning member, or to a combination of the above.
  • Each reflector need not be attached to support points.
  • Each reflector is disposed such that the skyward surface is the concave surface. As in conventional solar energy concentrating systems, each reflector has a skyward facing surface that reflects radiant solar energy.
  • each reflector is dimensioned and configured along the curved lateral edges wherein the curved lateral edge of a reflector can be placed adjacent along the curved lateral edge of another reflector for the length of the underlying roof spanning member so as to form each row of adjacent reflectors.
  • a reflector including fabricated metals or alloys with polished or reflectorized surfaces, and molded laminates or composites with reflectorized surfaces.
  • the present invention includes a plurality of spanning member cap means, a plurality of end cap means, and a plurality of weathertight panel sealing means, all as described above.
  • the present invention also comprises elements necessary to gather the reflected solar energy from the reflector. These solar energy gathering elements are the same as described above in the first variant of the single row embodiment.
  • Preferred embodiments whether of the single reflector row embodiment or the double reflector row embodiment, in variants using reflectors only or reflector backing panels, can include a number of additional features. For example, when selecting a truss for the roof spanning member, as one would if spanning greater than 24 feet and not desiring supporting uprights between the ends of the roof spanning member, one can choose between a space truss or a flat truss to be used in the present invention.
  • FIGURES 5 With a simple space truss (10), one can use a triangular design, as shown in FIGURES 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 13, a complex space truss (9) as shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, or a flat truss (11), as shown in FIGURES 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, and 15.
  • the reflectors and the underlying reflector backing panels can be dimensioned and configured such that each reflector may be detached without removing the underlying reflector backing panel and without affecting the weathertight panel sealing means.
  • Such a configuration allows for the easy replacement of reflectors without disturbing the weathertight integrity of the roof.
  • Another preferred feature for the present roof is to provide for gutter means at the lower edges of the reflectors.
  • the gutter means remove debris from settling on the reflector surface, maintaining a high reflectivity, and thus, energy yield for the solar energy concentrating components.
  • the gutter can be designed to be wide enough and strong enough to support a person, maintenance equipment, and the like. Thus, maintenance can be performed on the roof without having to step on the reflectors, thereby preventing damage to the reflective surfaces.
  • the present roof can have a plurality of gutter means, each gutter means (80) being located between adjacent roof spanning members, as shown in FIGURES 1 to 11 and 14 to 15. Each gutter means extends the length of the roof spanning members and is located below the lower edges of the row of adjacent reflectors.
  • the gutter means are connected either to the underlying roof spanning member, the lower panel support points, the adjacent reflectors, the adjacent reflector backing panels or a combination thereof.
  • a plurality of weathertight gutter sealing means is included with the gutter means.
  • Each gutter sealing means (82) is disposed between each gutter means and the lower edges of the adjacent reflector backing panels, the lower edges of the adjacent reflectors, or a combination thereof
  • Such sealing means are of conventional design and are known to those of skill in the art.
  • insulation means can be provided for the various roof surface components.
  • the reflector backing panels, reflectors, end cap means, spanning member cap means, and gutter means can have an insulating means disposed beneath or attached to these elements or incorporated into these elements gutter means.
  • a daylighting means can be made of either a transparent or translucent material.
  • One way of providing daylighting comprises the spanning member cap means being dimensioned and configured such that at least one daylighting means is located on a surface of the spanning member cap means. In other words, flat glass panels can be inset into the spanning cap means, not shown.
  • a second way is to use a raised transparent or substantially translucent daylighting panel (90), as shown in FIGURES 1 to 4. Such a panel is disposed substantially vertically from the surface of the spanning member cap means.
  • a daylighting panel housing (92) is attached to the spanning member cap means, said housing being dimensioned and configured to form a weathertight seal between the raised daylighting panel and the spanning member cap means.
  • a third way of daylighting is to use a transparent or substantially translucent daylighting panel (94) in place of a reflector, or if used, the reflector and the underlying reflector backing panel, as shown in FIGURE 14. This daylighting panel would be dimensioned and configured so as to form a weathertight seal with either an adjacent daylighting means, an adjacent reflector, an adjacent reflector backing panel, or a combination thereof.
  • a fourth way to provide daylighting can be used in the preferred single reflector row embodiments.
  • one or more of the non-reflective roofing panels can be substituted for with a transparent or translucent replacement daylighting panel (94), also shown in FIGURE 3. Any combination of the above, in the appropriate roof embodiments, can be used to provide a desired level of daylighting.
  • Another feature suitable for the present roof is to provide for the weathertight panel sealing means to be integrated into the reflectors, the reflector backing panels, the non-reflective roofing panels, or the replacement daylighting panels by designing the edges of these roofing surface elements to have an interlocking means that does not allow water to penetrate between such adjacent roofing elements.

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Claims (12)

  1. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System, aufweisend:
    a) wenigstens einen primären, Solarenergie konzentrierenden Reflektor (30) mit einer Unterkante (32), einer Oberkante (34) und gekrümmten Seitenkanten (36), wobei die himmelwärtige Oberfläche des Reflektors eine konkave Oberfläche ist;
    b) ein strukturelles Tragmittel (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B, 20, 50, 60), welches unter dem Reflektor angeordnet und daran befestigt ist, wobei das Tragmittel so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass es wenigstens das Gewicht des Reflektors (30), eines sekundären Solarenergiekollektors (110) und eines Kollektortragmittels (100, 102, 104, 106) trägt;
    c) ein Kollektortragmittel (100, 102, 104, 106), welches mit einem Solarenergiekollektor (110) und entweder dem strukturellen Tragmittel oder einer tragenden Oberfläche, die unter dem strukturellen Tragmittel liegt, verbunden ist, wobei das Kollektortragmittel so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass es den Solarenergiekollektor (110) trägt und ihm erlaubt, sich zu bewegen;
    d) einen linearen sekundären Solarenergiekollektor (110), welcher sich seitlich über den Reflektor (30) erstreckt, wobei er so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass er die reflektierte Solarenergie in eine Röhre (112) empfängt, durch welche ein Energieübertragungsfluid strömt, um dadurch durch die reflektierte Solarenergie erwärmt zu werden;
    e) ein Positioniermittel zum Positionieren des Kollektors in einer bestmöglichen Position innerhalb des Fokalsammelbereichs während eines ganzen definierten Sonnenaktivitätszyklus, wobei das Positioniermittel mit dem Kollektortragmittel verbunden ist, und
    f) ein Fluidbeförderungsmittel, welches die Röhre des Kollektors mit einem Wärmeenergieverwendungsmittel oder einem Energiespeichermittel verbindet, wobei das Fluidbeförderungsmittel das mit Solarenergie erwärmte Fluid durch die Röhre zirkulieren lässt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der primäre konzentrierende Reflektor (30) eine konkave und zylindrisch gebogene Bauform aufweist, der sekundäre Solarenergiekollektor (110) einen zusammengesetzten parabolischen Querschnitt aufweist, das Kollektortragmittel sich quer über den Reflektor spannt und der Kollektor (110) so positioniert und angeordnet ist, dass er sich innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Fokalbereichs zum Sammeln von reflektierter Solarenergie vom Reflektor bogenförmig bewegt.
  2. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Positioniermittel durch einen Mikroprozessor gesteuert wird, welcher regelmäßig eine bestmögliche Position innerhalb des Fokalsammelbereichs für den Kollektor berechnet, um die reflektierte Energie vom Reflektor zu empfangen.
  3. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Kollektor (110) der Länge nach innerhalb von 30 Grad einer geographischen Ost-West-Achse ausgerichtet ist.
  4. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, welches zwei Reflektoren (30) umfasst, wobei ein erster Reflektor entlang der gesamten Unterkante (32) benachbart zur Unterkante (32) eines zweiten Reflektors ist und jeder Reflektor eine zylindrisch gebogene Bauform aufweist.
  5. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Kollektortragmittel wenigstens zwei Kollektortragelemente (100) umfasst, welche jeweils an einem Ende des Kollektors angeordnet sind.
  6. Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Kollektor der Länge nach innerhalb von 30 Grad einer geographischen Nord-Süd-Achse ausgerichtet ist.
  7. Dach, umfassend ein integrales, Solarenergie konzentrierendes System nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das strukturelle Tragmittel umfasst:
    a) eine Mehrzahl von Dachüberspannungselementen (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B), wobei sich jedes Dachüberspannungselement von einem ersten aufrechten, Last tragenden Bauelement einer Dachkonstruktion zu einem zweiten aufrechten, Last tragenden Bauelement der Dachkonstruktion spannt, jedes Dachüberspannungselement von einem benachbarten Dachüberspannungselement oder einer Außenwand der Dachkonstruktion durch einen Zwischenraum getrennt ist, welcher wenigstens ausreicht, um eine Reflektorträgerplatte (20) oder einen Solarenergie konzentrierenden Reflektor (30) innerhalb dieses Zwischenraums anordnen zu können, jedes Dachüberspannungselement eine Mehrzahl von oberen Plattenstützpunkten (17), eine Mehrzahl von unteren Plattenstützpunkten (18) oder eine Kombination von oberen Plattenstützpunkten und unteren Plattenstützpunkten aufweist, die unteren Plattenstützpunkte nach außen und nach unten von den oberen Plattenstützpunkten beabstandet sind, und jedes Dachüberspannungselement (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B) so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass es das Gewicht aller Dach tragenden Elemente in Absatz b) bis j), sowie herkömmliche, auf einem Dach angebrachte Eigenlasten und Nutzlasten trägt; und
    b) eine Mehrzahl von Reflektorträgerplatten (20), wobei jede Reflektorträgerplatte eine konkave und zylindrisch gebogene Bauform von bis zu 180 Grad, eine Unterkante (22), eine Oberkante (24) und Seitenkanten (26) aufweist, wobei wenigstens eine der Seitenkanten von wenigstens einer Reflektorträgerplatte (20), welche in einer Reihe von benachbarten Reflektorträgerplatten angeordnet ist, an die oberen Plattenträgerpunkte (17) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements, die unteren Plattenträgerpunkte (18) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements oder eine Kombination dieser oberen Plattenträgerpunkte und unteren Plattenträgerpunkte anschließt, jede Reflektorträgerplatte (20) so angeordnet ist, dass die himmelwärtige Oberfläche jeder Reflektorträgerplatte die konkave Oberfläche ist, und jede Reflektorträgerplatte entlang der Seitenkanten (26) so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass die Seitenkante einer Reflektorträgerplatte benachbart entlang der Seitenkante einer anderen Reflektorträgerplatte angeordnet werden kann, um so die Reihe von benachbarten Reflektorträgerplatten zu bilden, welche sich bis zur Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B) erstreckt;
    und wobei der wenigstens eine primäre, Solarenergie konzentrierende Reflektor umfasst:
    c) eine Mehrzahl von Solarenergie konzentrierenden Reflektoren (30), wobei jeder Reflektor eine himmelwärts gerichtete Oberfläche aufweist, welche die solare Strahlungsenergie reflektiert, jeder Reflektor eine Oberkante (34), eine Unterkante (32) und Seitenkanten (36) aufweist, und jeder Reflektor auf der Oberseite der himmelwärtigen Oberfläche einer darunter liegenden Reflektorträgerplatte (20) angeordnet ist;
    und wobei das Dach ferner umfasst:
    d) eine Mehrzahl von Überspannungselementabdeckmitteln (50), wobei jedes Überspannungselementabdeckmittel entweder mit der Oberseite eines Dachüberspannungselements, der Oberkante eines Reflektors oder der Oberkante einer Reflektorträgerplatte verbunden ist, jedes Überspannungselementabdeckmittel sich längs der Länge des Dachüberspannungselements erstreckt und sich seitlich quer über das Dachüberspannungselement erstreckt, wobei jedes Überspannungselementabdeckmittel so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass es mit den Reflektorträgerplatten und dem Dachüberspannungselement eine wetterfeste Abdichtung bildet;
    e) eine Mehrzahl von Endabdeckmitteln (60), wobei jedes Endabdeckmittel mit Dachelementen verbunden ist, welche aus der Gruppe bestehend aus einer äußeren Seitenkante eines Reflektors, einer äußeren Seitenkante einer Reflektorträgerplatte, einer Außenkante eines Überspannungselementabdeckmittels und einem äußeren, Last tragenden Bauelement ausgewählt ist, und jedes Endabdeckmittel so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass es mit den Dachelementen, mit welchen das Abschlussabdeckmittel verbunden ist, eine wetterfeste Abdichtung bildet;
    f) eine Mehrzahl von wetterfesten Plattenabdichtmitteln (70), wobei die Plattenabdichtmittel an den Seitenkanten, der Oberkante und der Unterkante jeder Reflektorplatte, an den Seitenkanten, der Oberkante und der Unterkante jedes Reflektors oder einer Kombination davon positioniert sind; wobei
    g) das Kollektortragmittel eine Mehrzahl von Kollektortragelementen umfasst, welche an benachbarten Überspannungselementabdeckmitteln oder den darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselementen der benachbarten Überspannungselementabdeckmittel befestigt sind, wodurch sie sich von der Oberseite eines ersten Dachüberspannungselements zur Oberseite eines zweiten benachbarten Dachüberspannungselements spannen, wobei wenigstens zwei Kollektortragelemente zwischen dem ersten Dachüberspannungselement und dem zweiten Dachüberspannungselement angeordnet sind, um so einem Kollektor reflektierter Solarenergie zu erlauben, sich innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Fokalbereichs zum Sammeln von reflektierter Solarenergie von den darunter liegenden Reflektoren zu bewegen, und die Kollektortragelemente so bemessen und ausgelegt sind, dass sie den Kollektor tragen;
    h) der Kollektor einer von einer Mehrzahl von Kollektoren (110) reflektierter Solarenergie ist, jeder Kollektor sich der Länge nach über eine Reihe von benachbarten Reflektoren erstreckt, jeder Kollektor mit wenigstens zwei Kollektortragelementen (100) so verbunden ist, dass er so angeordnet ist, dass er sich innerhalb des Fokalsammelbereichs bewegt, und jeder Kollektor so bemessen und ausgelegt ist, dass er die reflektierte Solarenergie in eine Röhre (112) empfängt, durch welche ein Energieübertragungsfluid strömen kann, wobei das Fluid durch die reflektierte Solarenergie erwärmt wird;
    i) das Positioniermittel so angeordnet ist, dass es jeden Kollektor während eines definierten Sonnenaktivitätszyklus in einer bestmöglichen Position innerhalb des Fokalsammelbereichs für jeden Kollektor positioniert, und das Positioniermittel mit jedem Kollektortragmittel verbunden ist; und
    j) das Fluidbeförderungsmittel so angeordnet ist, dass es jede Röhre mit einem Wärmeenergieverwendungsmittel oder einem Wärmespeichermittel verbindet, wobei das Fluidbeförderungsmittel das mit Solarenergie erwärmte Fluid durch die Mehrzahl von Röhren zirkulieren lässt.
  8. Dach nach Anspruch 7, wobei die Mehrzahl von Solarenergie konzentrierenden Reflektoren jeweils eine konkave und zylindrisch gebogene Bauform von bis zu 180 Grad aufweist, wobei die Oberkante (34) oder der obere Abschnitt wenigstens einer der Seitenkanten (36) wenigstens eines Reflektors, welcher in einer Reihe von benachbarten Reflektoren angeordnet ist, an die oberen Plattenstützpunkte (17) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B) anschließt und die Unterkante (32) oder der untere Abschnitt wenigstens einer der Seitenkanten (36) jedes Reflektors an die unteren Plattenstützpunkte (18) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements anschließt, oder eine Kombination dieser oberen Plattenstützpunkte (17) und unteren Plattenstützpunkte (18), wobei jeder Reflektor (30) so angeordnet ist, dass die himmelwärtige Oberfläche jedes Reflektors eine konkave Oberfläche ist, welche solare Strahlungsenergie reflektiert, und jeder Reflektor entlang seiner Seitenkanten (36) bemessen und ausgelegt ist, wobei die Seitenkante eines Reflektors benachbart zur Seitenkante eines anderen Reflektors angeordnet sein kann, um eine Reihe von benachbarten Reflektoren zu bilden, welche sich bis zur Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements erstreckt.
  9. Dach nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, welches auch eine Mehrzahl von nicht reflektierenden Dachplatten (40) umfasst, wobei jede nicht reflektierende Dachplatte aufweist: Seitenkanten (42), eine Unterkante (44), welche entweder an die Unterkante (22) einer benachbarten Reflektorträgerplatte (20) oder an einen unteren Plattenstützpunkt (18) anschließt, und eine Oberkante (46), welche an die Oberseite eines Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B) benachbart zu dem Dachüberspannungselement, welches die Oberkante (24) der benachbarten Reflektorträgerplatte (20) trägt, wobei das Dachüberspannungselement in nächster Nähe zur Unterkante (22) der Reflektorträgerplatte liegt, anschließt oder an einen oberen Plattenstützpunkt (17) auf dem benachbarten Dachüberspannungselement anschließt, und jede nicht reflektierende Dachplatte (40) entlang ihrer Seitenkanten (42) bemessen und ausgelegt ist, wobei die Seitenkante einer nicht reflektierenden Dachplatte benachbart zur Seitenkante einer anderen nicht reflektierenden Dachplatte für die Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements angeordnet sein kann, um eine Reihe von nicht reflektierenden Dachplatten zu bilden.
  10. Dach nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, welches auch eine Mehrzahl von nicht reflektierenden Dachplatten (40) umfasst, wobei jede nicht reflektierende Dachplatte aufweist: Seitenkanten (42), eine Unterkante (44), welche an die Unterkante (22) eines benachbarten Reflektors (20) oder einen unteren Plattenstützpunkt (18) anschließt, und eine Oberkante (46), welche entweder an die Oberseite eines Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B) benachbart zu dem Dachüberspannungselement, welches die Oberkante des Reflektors trägt, wobei das benachbarte Dachüberspannungselement in nächster Nähe zur Unterkante (22) des Reflektors liegt, anschließt oder an obere Plattenstützpunkte (17) auf dem benachbarten Dachüberspannungselement anschließt, und jede nicht reflektierende Dachplatte (40) entlang ihrer Seitenkanten bemessen und ausgelegt ist, wobei die Seitenkante einer nicht reflektierenden Dachplatte benachbart zur Seitenkante einer anderen nicht reflektierenden Dachplatte sich bis zur Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements erstreckend angeordnet sein kann, um eine Reihe von nicht reflektierenden Dachplatten zu bilden.
  11. Dach nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, wobei die Mehrheit von Reflektorträgerplatten (20) jeweils eine konkave und zylindrisch gebogene Bauform von bis zu 90 Grad, eine Unterkante (22), eine Oberkante (24) und Seitenkanten (26) aufweist, wobei wenigstens eine der Seitenkanten (26) jeder Reflektorträgerplatte, welche in einer Reihe von benachbarten Reflektorträgerplatten angeordnet ist, an die oberen Plattenstützpunkte (17) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B), an die unteren Plattenstützpunkte (18) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements oder eine Kombination dieser oberen Plattenstützpunkte und unteren Plattenstützpunkte anschließt, so dass die himmelwärtige Oberfläche der Reflektorträgerplatte (20) eine konkave Oberfläche ist, die Unterkante (22) jeder Reflektorträgerplatte entlang der gesamten Unterkante benachbart zur Unterkante (22) einer bogenförmig gepaarten Reflektorträgerplatte ist, und jede Reflektorträgerplatte entlang der Seitenkanten (26) bemessen und ausgelegt ist, wobei die Seitenkante einer Reflektorträgerplatte benachbart zur Seitenkante einer anderen Reflektorträgerplatte angeordnet sein kann, um die Reihe von Reflektorträgerplatten zu bilden, welche sich bis zur Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements erstreckt.
  12. Dach nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Mehrheit von Solarenergie konzentrierenden Reflektoren (30) jeweils eine konkave und zylindrisch gebogene Bauform von bis zu 90 Grad, eine Unterkante (32), eine Oberkante (34) und Seitenkanten (36) aufweist, wobei wenigstens eine der Seitenkanten jedes Reflektors, welcher in einer Reihe von benachbarten Reflektoren angeordnet ist, an die oberen Plattenstützpunkte (17) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements (10A, 10B, 11A, 11B) anschließt, wenigstens eine der Seitenkanten jedes Reflektors an die unteren Plattenstützpunkte (18) des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements anschließt, oder eine Kombination dieser oberen Plattenstützpunkte und unteren Plattenstützpunkte, wobei die Reflektoren jeweils eine himmelwärts gerichtete Oberfläche aufweisen, welche solare Strahlungsenergie reflektiert und so angeordnet ist, dass die himmelwärtige Oberfläche jedes Reflektors eine konkave Oberfläche ist, die Unterkante (32) jedes Reflektors entlang der gesamten Unterkante benachbart zur Unterkante (32) eines bogenförmig gepaarten Reflektors ist und jeder Reflektor entlang der Seitenkanten (36) bemessen und ausgelegt ist, wobei die Seitenkante eines Reflektors für die Länge des darunter liegenden Dachüberspannungselements benachbart zur Seitenkante eines anderen Reflektors angeordnet sein kann, um die Reihe von Reflektoren zu bilden.
EP96909475A 1995-01-26 1996-01-25 Strahlungskonzentrationsvorrichtung und dach mit einer derartigen intergrierten vorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0805939B1 (de)

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US08/379,841 US5564410A (en) 1995-01-26 1995-01-26 Roof having an integral solar energy concentrating system
PCT/US1996/001358 WO1996024012A2 (en) 1995-01-26 1996-01-25 A roof having an integral solar energy concentrating system

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WO1996024012A2 (en) 1996-08-08
KR100375113B1 (ko) 2003-04-21
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EP0805939A2 (de) 1997-11-12
ATE278919T1 (de) 2004-10-15
CA2211881A1 (en) 1996-08-08
PT805939E (pt) 2005-02-28
HK1010232A1 (en) 1999-06-17
DE69633556D1 (de) 2004-11-11
MX9705684A (es) 1998-08-30
CN1079477C (zh) 2002-02-20
ES2232837T3 (es) 2005-06-01
CN1179808A (zh) 1998-04-22
JPH11501391A (ja) 1999-02-02
KR19980701713A (ko) 1998-06-25
AU696713B2 (en) 1998-09-17
US5564410A (en) 1996-10-15
AU5295796A (en) 1996-08-21
EP0805939A4 (de) 1999-04-21
US5937849A (en) 1999-08-17

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