Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/57—Nitriles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/55—Acids; Esters

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel 4,4-(disubstituted)cyclohexan-l-ylidine acetate monomers and related compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their use in treating allergic and inflammatory diseases and for inhibiting the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF).
• TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
• Bronchial asthma is a complex, multifactorial disease characterized by reversible narrowing of the airway and hyperreactivity of the respiratory tract to external stimuli.
• Cyclic AMP has been shown to be a second messenger mediating the biologic responses to a wide range of hormones, neurotransmitters and drugs; [Krebs Endocrinology Proceedings of the 4th International Congress Excerpta Medica, 17-29, 1973].
• adenylate cyclase is activated, which converts Mg + 2-ATP to cAMP at an accelerated rate.
• Cyclic AMP modulates the activity of most, if not all, of the cells that contribute to the pathophysiology of extrinsic (allergic) asthma.
• cAMP cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases
• PDE isozyme
• PDE IV is responsible for cAMP breakdown in airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells.
• Talphy "Phosphodiesterase Isozymes: Potential Targets for Novel Anti-asthmatic Agents” in New Drugs for Asthma, Barnes, ed. HBC Technical Services Ltd., 1989]. Research indicates that inhibition of this enzyme not only produces airway smooth muscle relaxation, but also suppresses degranulation of mast cells, basophils and neutrophils along with inhibiting the activation of monocytes and neutrophils.
• PDE IV inhibitors are markedly potentiated when adenylate cyclase activity of target cells is elevated by appropriate hormones or autocoids, as would be the case in vivo.
• PDE IV inhibitors would be effective in the asthmatic lung, where levels of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin (activators of adenylate cyclase) are elevated.
• Such compounds would offer a unique approach toward the pharmacotherapy of bronchial asthma and possess significant therapeutic advantages over agents currently on the market.
• TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
• rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid spondylitis
• osteoarthritis gouty arthritis and other arthritic conditions
• sepsis septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis
• toxic shock syndrome adult respiratory distress syndrome
• cerebral malaria chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease
• silicosis pulmonary sarcoidosis
• bone resorption diseases reperfusion injury, graft vs.
• allograft rejections fever and myalgias due to infection, such as influenza, cachexia secondary to infection or malignancy, cachexia secondary to human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), keloid formation, scar tissue formation, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or pyresis, in addition to a number of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosis.
• AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
• AIDS AIDS
• ARC AIDS related complex
• keloid formation scar tissue formation
• Crohn's disease Crohn's disease
• ulcerative colitis ulcerative colitis
• pyresis in addition to a number of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosis.
• ADDS results from the infection of T lymphocytes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• HIV-1 HIV-1
• HIV-2 HIV-2
• HIV-3 HIV-3
• HIV entry into the T lymphocyte requires T lymphocyte activation.
• Viruses such as HIV-1 or HIV-2 infect T lymphocytes after T cell activation and such virus protein expression and/or replication is mediated or maintained by such T cell activation. Once an activated T lymphocyte is infected with HIV, the T lymphocyte must continue to be maintained in an activated state to permit HIV gene expression and/or HIV replication.
• Cytokines are implicated in activated T-cell-mediated HIV protein expression and/or virus replication by playing a role in maintaining T lymphocyte activation. Therefore, interference with cytokine activity such as by inhibition of cytokine production, notably TNF, in an HIV-infected individual aids in limiting the maintenance of T cell activation, thereby reducing the progression of HIV infectivity to previously uninfected cells which results in a slowing or elimination of the progression of immune dysfunction caused by HIV infection.
• Monocytes, macrophages, and related cells such as kupffer and glial cells, have also been implicated in maintenance of the HIV infection. These cells, like T cells, are targets for viral replication and the level of viral replication is dependent upon the activation state of the cells.
• TNF has also been implicated in various roles with other viral infections, such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza virus, adenovirus, and the herpes virus for similar reasons as those noted.
• CMV cytomegalovirus
• influenza virus influenza virus
• adenovirus adenovirus
• herpes virus herpes virus
• TNF is also associated with yeast and fungal infections. Specifically Candida albicans has been shown to induce TNF production in vitro in human monocytes and natural killer cells. [See Riipi et al, Infection and Immunity, 58(9):2750-54, 1990; and Jafari et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164:389-95, 1991. See also Wasan et al., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 35,(10):2046-48, 1991 ; and Luke et al., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162:21 1-214,1990].
• novel compounds of this invention are represented by Formula (I):
• R! is -(CR4R5)nC(O)O(CR4R5)mR6, -(CR4R5)nC(O)NR4(CR4R5)mR6, -(CR4R5)nO(CR4R5) m R6, or -(CR4R5) r R6 wherein the alkyl moieties unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogens; m is 0 to 2; n is 0 to 4; r is 0 to 6;
• R4 and R5 are independently selected hydrogen or -2 alkyl;
• R6 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxyl, aryl, halo substituted aryl, aryloxyC 1-3 alkyl, halo substituted aryloxyC 1.3 alkyl, indanyl, indenyl, C7-11 polycycloalkyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, furanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, thienyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, thiopyranyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or a C4-6 cycloalkyl containing one or two unsaturated bonds, wherein the cycloalkyl or heterocyclic moiety is unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 methyl groups, one ethyl group, or an hydroxyl group; provided that: a) when R6 is hydroxyl, then m is 2; or
• X is YR2, fluorine, NR4R5, or formyl amine; Y is O or S(O)n ⁇ ; m' is O, l, or 2; X2 is O or NR ⁇ ; X3 is hydrogen or X;
• X4 is H, R9, OR8, CN, C(O)R8, C(O)ORg, C(O)NRgR8, or NRgR ⁇ ;
• R2 is independently selected from -CH3 or -CH2CH3 optionally substituted by 1 or more halogens;
• s is 0 to 4;
• W is alkyl of 2 to 6 carbons, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or alkynyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms;
• R 3 is COOR14, C(O)NR4Ri4 or R7;
• Z is C(-CN)2, CR14CN, CRi4C(O)OR8, CRi4C(O)NRsRl4, C(-CN)NO2, C(-CN)C(O)OR9, C(-CN)OC(O)R9, C(-CN)OR9, or C(-CN)C(O)NRsRl4;
• Y' is O or S;
• R7 is -(CR4R5)qRi2 or C ⁇ . alkyl wherein the R12 or C . ⁇ alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by methyl or ethyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1-3 fluorines, -F, -Br, -Cl, -NO2, -NRjo l 1» -C(O)Rs, -CO2R8, -O(CH 2 ) q R8.
• Rl2 is R j 3, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of (2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, (1- or 2-imidazolyl), pyrrolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, furanyl, (2- or 3-thienyl), quinolinyl, naphthyl, and phenyl;
• Rg is independently selected from hydrogen or R9;
• R9 is Cj_4 alkyl optionally substituted by one to three fluorines;
• RiO is OR ⁇ or Rn ;
• R ⁇ 1 is hydrogen, or C 1.4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines; or when Rio and Ri 1 are as NRioRl 1 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S;
• R 13 is a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group selected from the group consisting of oxazolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, imidazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl, and where Ro is substituted on R i2 or R )3 the rings are connected through a carbon atom and each second R
• Rl4 is hydrogen or R7; or when R ⁇ and R 14 are as NR8R14 they may together with the nitrogen form a 5 to 7 membered ring comprised of carbon or carbon and one or more additional heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S; provided that:
• R7 is not Cj_4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one to three fluorines; or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• This invention also relates to the pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
• the invention also relates to a method of mediation or inhibition of the enzymatic activity (or catalytic activity) of PDE IV in mammals, including humans, which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) as shown below.
• the invention further provides a method for the treatment of allergic and inflammatory disease which comprises administering to a mammal, including humans, in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• the invention also provides a method for the treatment of asthma which comprises administering to a mammal, including humans, in need thereof, an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting TNF production in a mammal, including humans, which method comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• This method may be used for the prophylactic treatment or prevention of certain TNF mediated disease states amenable thereto.
• This invention also relates to a method of treating a human afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such human an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• HAV human immunodeficiency virus
• Compounds of Formula (I) are also useful in the treatment of additional viral infections, where such viruses are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
• compounds of Formula (I) are also useful in treating yeast and fungal infections, where such yeast and fungi are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
• This invention also relates to a method of mediating or inhibiting the enzymatic activity (or catalytic activity) of PDE IV in a mammal in need thereof and to inhibiting the production of TNF in a mammal in need thereof, which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• Phosphodiesterase IV inhibitors are useful in the treatment of a variety of allergic and inflammatory diseases including: asthma, chronic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, eosinophilic granuloma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, reperfusion injury of the myocardium and brain, chronic glomerulonephritis, endotoxic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome.
• PDE IV inhibitors are useful in the treatment of diabetes insipidus and central nervous system disorders such as depression and multi-infarct dementia.
• viruses contemplated for treatment herein are those that produce TNF as a result of infection, or those which are sensitive to inhibition, such as by decreased replication, directly or indirectly, by the TNF inhibitors of Formula (I).
• viruses include, but are not limited to HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus and the Herpes group of viruses, such as, but not limited to, Herpes zoster and Herpes simplex.
• CMV cytomegalovirus
• influenza influenza
• adenovirus adenovirus
• Herpes group of viruses such as, but not limited to, Herpes zoster and Herpes simplex.
• This invention more specifically relates to a method of treating a mammal, afflicted with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which comprises administering to such mammal an effective TNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I).
• HAV human immunodeficiency virus
• TNF mediated diseases for treatment, therapeutically or prophylactically, in animals include disease states such as those noted above, but in particular viral infections.
• viruses include, but are not limited to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or other retroviral infection such as equine infectious anemia virus, caprine arthritis virus, visna virus, maedi virus and other lentiviruses.
• FMV feline immunodeficiency virus
• retroviral infection such as equine infectious anemia virus, caprine arthritis virus, visna virus, maedi virus and other lentiviruses.
• the compounds of this invention are also useful in treating yeast and fungal infections, where such yeast and fungi are sensitive to upregulation by TNF or will elicit TNF production in vivo.
• a preferred disease state for treatment is fungal meningitis.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may be administered in conjunction with other drugs of choice for systemic yeast and fungal infections.
• Drugs of choice for fungal infections include but are not limited to the class of compounds called the polymixins, such as Polymycin B, the class of compounds called the imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole; the class of compounds called the triazoles, such as fluconazole, and itranazole, and the class of compound called the Amphotericins, in particular Amphotericin B and liposomal Amphotericin B.
• polymixins such as Polymycin B
• imidazoles such as clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole
• triazoles such as fluconazole, and itranazole
• Amphotericins in particular Amphotericin B and liposomal Amphotericin B.
• the compounds of Formula (I) may also be used for inhibiting and/or reducing the toxicity of an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial or anti-viral agent by administering an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) to a mammal in need of such treatment.
• a compound of Formula (I) is administered for inhibiting or reducing the toxicity of the Amphotericin class of compounds, in particular Amphotericin B.
• Cj.3 alkyl C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl
• Cj.6 alkyl or “alkyl” groups as used herein is meant to include both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 10, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including, but not limited to methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, and the like.
• Alkenyl means both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 6 carbon lengths, unless the chain length is limited thereto, including but not limited to vinyl, 1- propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-propynyl, or 3-methyl-2-propenyl.
• cycloalkyl or “cycloalkyl alkyl” means groups of 3-7 carbon atoms, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
• Aryl or “aralkyl”, unless specified otherwise, means an aromatic ring or ring system of 6-10 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl, or naphthyl.
• the aryl is monocyclic, i.e, phenyl.
• the alkyl chain is meant to include both straight or branched chain radicals of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• Heteroaryl means an aromatic ring system containing one or more heteroatoms, such as imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, or thienyl.
• Halo means all halogens, i.e., chloro, fluoro, bromo, or iodo.
• “Inhibiting the production of IL-1” or “inhibiting the production of TNF” means: a) a decrease of excessive in vivo IL-1 or TNF levels, respectively, in a human to normal levels or below normal levels by inhibition of the in vivo release of IL- 1 by all cells, including but not limited to monocytes or macrophages; b) a down regulation, at the translational or transcriptional level, of excessive in vivo IL-1 or TNF levels, respectively, in a human to normal levels or below normal levels; or c) a down regulation, by inhibition of the direct synthesis of IL- 1 or TNF levels as a postranslational event.
• TNF mediated disease or disease states means any and all disease states in which TNF plays a role, either by production of TNF itself, or by TNF causing another cytokine to be released, such as but not limited to IL-1 or IL-6.
• a disease state in which IL- 1 for instance is a major component, and whose production or action, is exacerbated or secreted in response to TNF, would therefore be considered a disease state mediated by TNF.
• TNF- ⁇ also known as lymphotoxin
• TNF-oc also known as cachectin
• TNF- ⁇ is inhibited by the compounds of the present invention and thus are herein referred to collectively as "TNF” unless specifically delineated otherwise.
• TNF- ⁇ is inhibited.
• Cytokine means any secreted polypeptide that affects the functions of cells, and is a molecule which modulates interactions between cells in immune, inflammatory, or hematopoietic responses.
• a cytokine includes, but is not limited to, monokines and lymphokines regardless of which cells produce them.
• the cytokine inhibited by the present invention for use in the treatment of a HIV-infected human must be a cytokine which is implicated in (a) the initiation and/or maintenance of T cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expression and/or replication, and/or (b) any cytokine-mediated disease associated problem such as cachexia or muscle degeneration.
• his cytokine is TNF- ⁇ .
• All of the compounds of Formula (I) are useful in the method of inhibiting the production of TNF, preferably by macrophages, monocytes or macrophages and monocytes, in a mammal, including humans, in need thereof. All of the compounds of Formula (I) are useful in the method of inhibiting or mediating the enzymatic or catalytic activity of PDE IV and in treatment of disease states mediated thereby.
• R 1 for the compounds of Formula (I) is an alkyl substituted by 1 or more halogens
• the halogens are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably a Ci-4 alkyl substituted by 1 or more fluorines.
• the preferred halo-substituted alkyl chain length is one or two carbons, and most preferred are the moieties -CF3, -CH2F, - CHF2, -CF2CHF2, -CH2CF3, and -CH2CHF2.
• Preferred Ri substitutents for the compounds of Formula (I) are CH2-cyclopropyl, CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, C4-6 cycloalkyl, C7.11 polycycloalkyl, 3- or 4-cyclopentenyl, 3-hydroxycyclopentyl, phenyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, benzyl or Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more fluorines, -(CH2)1-3C(O)O(CH2)0-2CH3, -(CH2)l-3 ⁇ (CH2)0-2CH3, and -(CH2)2-4OH.
• the Ri term is (CR4R5)
• the R4 and R5 terms are independently hydrogen or alkyl.
• each repeating methylene unit is independent of the other, e.g., (CR4R5) n wherein n is 2 can be -CH2CH(-CH3)-, for instance.
• the individual hydrogen atoms of the repeating methylene unit or the branching hydrocarbon can unsubstituted or be substituted by fluorine independent of each other to yield, for instance, the preferred Ri substitutions, as noted above.
• Ri is a C7-1 1 polycycloalkyl
• examples are bicyclo[2.2.1]-heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl, tricyclo[5.2.1.0 ' 6 ]decyl, etc. additional examples of which are described in Saccamano et al., WO 87/06576, published 5 November 1987, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Preferred Z terms are C(-CN)2, CRi4C(O)OR8, CRi4C(O)NR8Rl4, C(-CN)C(O)OR9, C(-CN)OC(O)R9, C(-CN)OR9, or C(-CN)C(O)NR ⁇ Rl4 ;
• Preferred X groups for Formula (I) are those wherein X is YR2 and Y is oxygen.
• the preferred X2 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X2 is oxygen.
• the preferred X3 group for Formula (I) is that wherein X3 is hydrogen.
• Preferred R2 groups, where applicable, is a Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more halogens.
• the halogen atoms are preferably fluorine and chlorine, more preferably fluorine.
• More preferred R2 groups are those wherein R2 is methyl, or the fluoro- substituted alkyls, specifically a -2 alkyl, such as a -CF3, -CHF2, or -CH2CHF2 moiety. Most preferred are the -CHF2 and -CH3 moieties.
• R7 moieties include unsubstituted or substituted -(CH2)0-2(2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl), (CH2)l-2(2-imid___olyl), (CH2)2(4-morpholinyl), (CH2)2(4-pi ⁇ erazinyl), (CH2)l-2(2-thienyl), (CH2)l-2(4-thiazolyl), unsubstituted or substituted pyrimidinyl, and substituted or unsubstituted (CH2)0-2phenyl.
• Preferred rings when Rio and Rl 1 in the moiety -NRioRl 1 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a 5 to 7 membered ring unsubstituted or containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1 -imidazolyl, 2-(Rs)-l -imidazolyl, 1 -pyrazolyl, 3-(R8)- 1 -pyrazolyl, 1- triazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 5-(R8)-l-triazolyl, 5-(R8)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R8)-l-tetrazolyl, 5-(R8)-2-tetrazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazloyl, mo holinyl, piperazinyl, 4-(R8)-l- piperazinyl, or pyrrolyl ring.
• Preferred rings when Rs and R14 in the moiety -NR8R14 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached may form a 5 to 7 membered ring unsubstituted or containing at least one additional heteroatom selected from O, N, or S include, but are not limited to 1 -imidazolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 1-triazolyl, 2-triazolyl, 1-tetrazolyl, 2-tetrazolyl, mo ⁇ holinyl, piperazinyl, and pyrrolyl.
• the respective rings may be additionally substituted, where applicable, on an available nitrogen or carbon by the moiety R7 as described herein for Formula (I).
• Illustrations of such carbon substitutions includes, but is not limited to, 2-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -imidazolyl, 3-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 5-(R7)-l -pyrazolyl, 4-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-2-triazolyl, 4-(R7)-l-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-l-triazolyl, 5-(R7)-l-tetrazolyl, and 5-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl.
• R7 Applicable nitrogen substitution by R7 includes, but is not limited to, l-(R7)-2-tetrazolyl, 2-(R7)-l-tetrazolyl, 4-(R7)-l- piperazinyl. Where applicable, the ring may be substituted one or more times by R7.
• Preferred groups for NRsRl4 which contain a heterocyclic ring are 5-(Ri4)-l- tetrazolyl, 2-(R ⁇ 4)- 1 -imidazolyl, 5-(Ri4)-2-tetrazolyl, 4-(Ri 4)- 1 -piperazinyl.
• Preferred rings for R13 include (2-, 4- or 5-imidazolyl), (3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl),
• the heterocyclic ring itself may be unsubstituted or substituted by Rs either on an available nitrogen or carbon atom, such as l-(R8)-2-imidazolyl, 1 -(R8)-4-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-5-imidazolyl, l-(R8)-3-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-5-pyrazolyl, l-(R8)-4-triazolyl, or l-(R8)-5-triazolyl.
• the ring may be substituted one or more times by
• R ⁇ is -CH2- cyclopropyl, -CH2-C5-6 cycloalkyl, -C4-6 cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by OH, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, (3- or 4-cyclopentenyl), benzyl or -Ci-2 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or more fluorines, and -(CH2)2-4 OH;
• R2 is methyl or fluoro- substituted alkyl, W is ethynyl or 1,3-butadiynyl;
• R 3 is R 7 where R 7 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl ring, X is YR2, and Z is CRi4C(O)OR8-
• Ri is -CH2-cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, 3-hydroxycyclopentyl, methyl or CF2H
• salts of the instant compounds where they can be prepared, are also intended to be covered by this invention. These salts will be ones which are acceptable in their application to a pharmaceutical use. By that it is meant that the salt will retain the biological activity of the parent compound and the salt will not have untoward or deleterious effects in its application and use in treating diseases. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are prepared in a standard manner.
• compositions of the present invention comprise a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent and some amount of a compound of the formula (I).
• the compound may be present in an amount to effect a physiological response, or it may be present in a lesser amount such that the user will need to take two or more units of the composition to effect the treatment intended.
• These compositions may be made up as a solid, liquid or in a gaseous form. Or one of these three forms may be transformed to another at the time of being administered such as when a solid is delivered by aerosol means, or when a liquid is delivered as a spray or aerosol.
• compositions and the pharmaceutical carrier or diluent will, of course, depend upon the intended route of administration, for example parenterally, topically, orally or by inhalation.
• the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a cream, ointment, liniment, lotion, pastes, aerosols, and drops suitable for administration to the skin, eye, ear, or nose.
• the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension.
• the pharmaceutical composition will be in the form of a tablet, capsule, powder, pellet, atroche, lozenge, syrup, liquid, or emulsion.
• suitable pharmaceutical carriers or diluents include: for aqueous systems, water; for non-aqueous systems, ethanol, glycerin, propylene glycol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, liquid parafins and mixtures thereof with water; for solid systems, lactose, kaolin and mannitol; and for aerosol systems, dichlorodifluoromethane, chlorotrifluoroethane and compressed carbon dioxide.
• the instant compositions may include other ingredients such as stabilizers, antioxidants, preservatives, lubricants, suspending agents, viscosity modifiers and the like, provided that the additional ingredients do not have a detrimental effect on the therapeutic action of the instant compositions.
• the pharmaceutical preparations thus described are made following the conventional techniques of the pharmaceutical chemist as appropriate to the desired end product.
• the amount of carrier or diluent will vary but preferably will be the major proportion of a suspension or solution of the active ingredient.
• the diluent is a solid it may be present in lesser, equal or greater amounts than the solid active ingredient.
• a compound of formula I is administered to a subject in a composition comprising a nontoxic amount sufficient to produce an inhibition of the symptoms of a disease in which leukotrienes are a factor.
• Topical formulations will contain between about 0.01 to 5.0% by weight of the active ingredient and will be applied as required as a preventative or curative agent to the affected area.
• the dosage of the composition is selected from the range of from 50 mg to 1000 mg of active ingredient for each administration. For convenience, equal doses will be administered 1 to 5 times daily with the daily dosage regimen being selected from about 50 mg to about 5000 mg.
• Compounds of Formula (I) may be prepared by the processes disclosed herein which comprise reacting a terminal acetylene, wherein Z represents Z as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to Z, as, e.g., compound 1 -Scheme 1. with an appropriate halide, R3X, wherein R3 represents R3 as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to R3, in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as a copper(I) halide and a bivalent or zerovalent palladium compound in the presence of, e.g., triphenylphosphine, in a suitable solvent, such as an amine, as in the procedure of Brandsma et al. (Syn.
• compounds of the Formula (I), wherein Zand R3 represent Zand R3 as defined in relation to Formula (I) or a group convertible to Z or R3, may be prepared from the corresponding ketones as, e.g., compound 1 -Scheme 2. by the synthetic procedures described in above referenced PCT application PCT/US93/01990; syntheses of such ketone starting materials are described in that same application.
• an appropriate metal salt such as a copper salt with a catalytic amount of a palladium salt
• a suitable base such as an acid trap, such as sodium acetate
• a suitable alcohol such as methanol
• Example 2 Preparation of methyl .4-f 3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4- pyridylethynyl .cyclohexan- 1 -ylidinelacetate
• a solution of methy diethylphosphonoacetate (1.2 mL, 6.68 mmol) in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (10 mL) is treated with solid sodium hydride (0.22 g, 7.3 mmol, 80% dispersion in mineral oil) at room temperature under an argon atmosphere.
• EXAMPLE A Inhibitory effect of compounds of Formula (I) on in vitro TNF production by human monocytes
• the inhibitory effect of compounds of Formula (I) on in vitro TNF production by human monocytes may be determined by the protocol as described in Badger et al.,
• EXAMPLE B Two models of endotoxic shock have been utilized to determine in vivo TNF activity for the compounds of Formula (I). The protocol used in these models is described in Badger et al., EPO published Application 0411 754 A2, February 6, 1991, and in Hanna, WO 90/15534, December 27, 1990.
• Example 1 demonstrated a positive in vivo response in reducing serum levels of TNF induced by the injection of endotoxin.
• PDE Isozymes The phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity and selectivity of the compounds of Formula (I) can be determined using a battery of five distinct PDE isozymes.
• the tissues used as sources of the different isozymes are as follows: 1 ) PDE lb, porcine aorta; 2) PDE Ic, guinea-pig heart; 3) PDE III, guinea-pig heart; 4) PDE IV, human monocyte; and 5) PDE V (also called "la”), canine trachealis.
• PDEs la, lb, Ic and III are partially purified using standard chromatographic techniques [To ⁇ hy and Cieslinski, Mol.
• PDE IV is purified to kinetic homogeneity by the sequential use of anion-exchange followed by heparin-Sepharose chromatography [To ⁇ hy et al, J. Biol. Chem., 267: 1798-1804, 1992].
• Phosphodiesterase activity is assayed as described in the protocol of To ⁇ hy and Cieslinski, Mol. Pharmacol., 37:206-214, 1990. Positive ICso's in the nanomolar to ⁇ M range for compounds of the workings examples described herein for Formula (I) have been demonstrated.

Landscapes

• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=23427208

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1995
  • 1995-12-21 EP EP95943939A patent/EP0801566A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-12-21 JP JP8520525A patent/JPH10511394A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1995-12-21 WO PCT/US1995/016707 patent/WO1996019992A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events