EP0801284A2 - Loading lever assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

A formation (1) is firmly connected with the closure or closure support and penetrates upwards a longitudinal slot formed on the upper side of the weapon housing. An elongated loading lever (4) is pivotable from a longitudinal position, in which it extends in the longitudinal direction of the weapon, to both sides and is fitted with its one end on the formation. A set-back component (3) is provided for guiding back the pivoted loading lever into its longitudinal position. A securing device (8,8') is provided for the loading lever in each of its end positions. A bearing pin (5) is arranged on the loading lever or on a longitudinal strip and stands outwards and upwards.

Description

• eine mit dem Verschluß oder Verschlußträger form- oder kraftschlüssig verbundene Ausbildung, die einen an der Oberseite des Waffengehäuses ausgebildeten Längsschlitz nach oben durchsetzt,
• ein Ladehebel, der aus einer Längslage, in der der Ladehebei sich in Längsrichtung der Waffe erstreckt, nach beiden Seiten schwenkbar mit seinem einen Ende an der Ausbildung angebracht ist,
• je ein Endanschlag zur Begrenzung der Schwenkbewegung nach jeder der beiden Seiten bis zu je einer Endlage, in der sich der Ladehebel im wesentlichen quer zur Längsrichtung der Waffe erstreckt, und
• ein Rückstellelement zum Zurückführen des geschwenkten Ladehebels in seine Längslage.

The invention relates to a loading lever arrangement for a handgun with a breech or breech carrier, which is arranged movably in a weapon housing in the longitudinal direction of the weapon, with the following features:

• a form-fitting or non-positive connection with the breech or breech carrier, which extends through a longitudinal slot formed at the top of the weapon housing,
• a loading lever which is pivotably attached to the training with one end from a longitudinal position in which the loading lever extends in the longitudinal direction of the weapon,
• one end stop to limit the pivoting movement to each of the two sides up to an end position in which the loading lever extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the weapon, and
• a return element for returning the pivoted loading lever into its longitudinal position.

Such a loading lever arrangement with the features according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from DE 39 28 125 Al.

Terms of position, such as "top", rear "etc., which are used in the following, refer to the weapon correctly positioned when a horizontal shot is fired, the direction of the shot being forward.

In the case of self-loading rifles or submachine guns, a loading lever is often attached directly to the breech block or breech, which protrudes far out of the side of the weapon housing and clearly projects beyond the outer contour of the weapon (e.g. the Soviet AK 74). The advantages of this design, namely the low construction costs and the possibility for the shooter to apply a further force by hand not only in the opening direction but also in the closing direction of the breech carrier or breech in addition to the force of the breech spring, is particularly of that The disadvantage outweighed that the loading lever on the side of the weapon follows the violent forward and backward movement of the breech carrier or breech. If the loading lever gets caught in the cover or on the gunner's equipment, it can easily lead to the load being blocked. There is also a risk that a shooter may injure himself on the loading lever.

Another disadvantage is that a shooter must always take his right hand off the handle to actuate a loading lever protruding from the cartridge case ejection window to the right of the weapon. For example, in the case of an escapement that is to be removed by means of through-loading, the time required for this, during which the shooter is defenseless, is relatively long.

Many attempts have been made to remedy these disadvantages. For example, it is known (G 3 rifle of the German Bundeswehr) to mount the loading lever on the left side of the rifle separately from the breech. The loading lever engages behind the lock during loading and moves it backwards. Then the loading lever is released, returns to its initial position and remains stationary, while the breech moves in the usual way during the shooting process.

The disadvantage of this arrangement, however, is that no force can be applied in the closing direction via the loading lever to the closure or closure carrier if for some reason the force of the closing spring should not be sufficient to completely close the closure. If, for example, when loading the above-mentioned G 3 rifle when reloading it, you don't let go of the loading lever and snap it forward, but instead slowly leads it forward to avoid a loud and treacherous loading noise, then the force of the closing spring is usually not sufficient to prevent the Lock the locking mechanism completely. In order to remedy this disadvantage, the closure carrier itself has been provided with a flat, only slightly protruding, additional handle, by means of which it can be pushed forward over the remaining locking distance in the case mentioned.

A shooter who, as usual, holds the above-mentioned rifle with his right hand on the handle can easily operate the loading lever with his left hand. A left-handed shooter, who holds the grip with his left hand, must grip around for loading.

Further attempts to at least partially remedy the disadvantages mentioned at the outset consisted in the loading lever being firmly attached to the breech being cranked upwards (Galil) or completely omitted, replaced by a finger hole in the breech ("Grease Gun", a machine gun of the USA which is no longer introduced ) or has been replaced by a trigger-like lever that protrudes upwards from the top of the weapon housing, is estimated to be arranged under a handle and thus lies within the outer contours of the weapon (e.g. the French rifle Mod. FA MAS F3).

With the latter rifle, however, the estimated attachment of the loading lever under the handle is less Favorable, since the loading lever can only be gripped with one finger and therefore often cannot be operated with sufficient force. In addition, he can also be prevented from moving in this protected position, for example by camouflage material which is attached to the weapon or placed on the weapon.

The least expensive solution has turned out to be the generic, generic loading lever arrangement of the applicant (DE 39 28 125 Al): it has a flat, extending in the weft direction, penetrating a central longitudinal slot on the top of the weapon housing and being positively or non-positively connected to the breech carrier Strip on the front of which sits a vertical pin on which one end of a loading lever, which has approximately the shape of a short, compact rod, is pivotally mounted.

If it is aligned in the longitudinal direction, this loading lever hardly protrudes beyond the contour of the weapon housing. If it is located under a handle, then it lies completely within the contour of the weapon. The loading lever assumes this position when the weapon is fired and then moves back and forth together with the breech. An additional advantage can be seen in the fact that the loading lever is always in the field of view of the shooter, who can thus immediately conclude from the position of the loading lever that there is a load inhibition after a shot.

For loading, the loading lever is gripped in the longitudinal position by the shooter with his finger and, depending on the hand used, swiveled to the right or left around the pin in a position in which it projects at right or left and runs up against a stop. Now the loading lever can be gripped and pulled back with several fingers if necessary.

A return spring ensures that the loading lever always returns to its longitudinal position after release and remains there.

If a force is now to be applied in the closing direction via the loading lever to the closure or closure carrier, then it is sufficient to hold the loading lever with your fingers and to press it forward.

Malfunctions are now known for self-loading weapons in which a cartridge jams in the cartridge chamber before it has reached its end position, for example with sand in the cartridge chamber or with a deformed cartridge. With such a escapement, rough force must be exerted on the loading lever to remedy it if one is without suitable tools and does not have the opportunity to disassemble the weapon.

Now you can try most of the weapons described above, e.g. can be opened by kicking the boot against the loading lever. In this case, however, the extractor claw of the breech will only slip out of the groove of the jammed cartridge, but the cartridge itself will remain jammed in the chamber.

The best measure here is to try to forcibly close the breech, because if you can fire such a jammed cartridge, its case will usually be ejected and the weapon will be in trouble-free condition afterwards.

Weapons that do not allow such a measure (such as the above-mentioned G 3 rifle) have now been tried to rule out such interference as far as possible. This is done, for example, by grooved cartridge chambers, in which the longitudinal grooves can take up dirt and are blown free of the combustion gases after each shot, or by an instruction that prohibits the use of damaged ammunition, such as the use of cartridges that have previously been involved in a jam.

Overall, however, the above problem could not yet be solved to satisfaction, even though self-loading handguns with a loading lever have been in use by the troops for almost 80 years and part of the above problems have therefore been known to the expert for just as long.

The aim of the invention is therefore to find a loading lever arrangement which eliminates more of the difficulties described above than was previously possible in the described prior art.

This goal is achieved in a generic loading lever arrangement according to claim 1 by a locking device for locking the loading lever in each of its end positions.

The loading lever, which in the known loading lever arrangement was always returned to its longitudinal position from its end positions by the return spring when it was released, can thus be determined in each of its end positions. However, this means that the loading lever, like a conventional loading lever which is firmly attached to the closure and protrudes laterally, can be subjected to possibly very high forces, for example if it is struck forward with the edge of the hand.

It is also possible, however, to move the closure by means of the loading lever to the rear without being forced to keep the loading lever swung out by hand while overcoming the force of the return spring. The locking device namely holds the loading lever by itself in the position pivoted to the right or left.

A rifle equipped with the loading lever arrangement according to the invention is thus as user-friendly and safe to use as a rifle equipped with the generic loading lever arrangement, but it can also be used to remedy malfunctions like a rifle whose breech is firmly connected to a loading lever which projects rigidly to the right or left.

The locking device is preferably so easily detachable that the violent movement of the breech that occurs when the shot and thus also the longitudinal bar and the loading lever releases the locking. The loading lever then swivels back into its longitudinal position under the action of the return spring. Should a shooter be forced to shoot before the lock can be released when the lock is inserted, this release takes place automatically.

The invention thus succeeds in unexpectedly combining the inherently contradictory principles of "rigid loading levers - non-rigid loading levers".

The pivotable attachment of the loading lever to the training, preferably in the form of a longitudinal bar, can be implemented in many ways. For example, it is possible to use a leaf spring as a return spring, which in turn connects the loading lever to the longitudinal bar and thus in turn forms a spring-return joint.

In this case, the locking device can be designed approximately as a locking bolt which can be moved into a position in which it engages in a locking manner in the pivoted loading lever.

In a preferred embodiment, the loading lever arrangement according to the invention is formed with a bearing journal which is attached to the loading lever or to the longitudinal bar and after protrudes above, and a bearing hole in the longitudinal bar or in the loading lever, which is penetrated by the bearing pin (claim 2). According to the invention, the bearing bore is particularly preferably designed as an elongated hole which extends at least when the loading lever is in each of its end positions, in the longitudinal direction thereof, so that the loading lever in its end position between a locked position and an unlocked position is displaceable in its longitudinal direction and thus in the transverse direction of the weapon (claim 3). This elongated hole can be arranged transversely in the longitudinal bar or longitudinally in the loading lever and forms a guide link for the loading lever, in which it can move from its unlocked position into its locked position. The locking device can be realized by a spring-loaded block, which snaps into the slot when the loading lever has reached its locked position, and which can then be pushed back into its rest position by a bevel on the block or at the end of the slot The loading lever is moved back into its unlocked position.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a projection with side flanks is formed at the end of the loading lever beyond the journal, of which, after the longitudinal displacement of the loading lever in an end position, engages behind an associated counter stop and supports the loading lever, which on the other hand also rests in its end position the end stop is supported (claim 4). A return spring holds the individual parts in this locking position under a certain pretension and therefore sufficiently firmly.

So the locking device is particularly simple, but can be further simplified by using the unused end stop as a counter-stop (claim 5).

In principle, a tension spring attached to the center of the loading lever could be used as the return spring, which is also attached to the center of the longitudinal bar and is elongated when the CD loading lever is pivoted.

However, it is particularly advantageous to design the pivoting mechanism for the loading lever in spite of the elongated hole, as is known in principle from the generic document (claims 6 and 7).

The projection preferably has an overall circular contour which is only interrupted by notch-like recesses which form the side flanks. This contour prevents the loading lever from interlocking with the counter stops or end stops when it is not in an end position.

In a very particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, training on the loading lever is arranged under the projection. As a result, this element of the loading lever with a circular contour covers the other parts of the gift mechanism like a dust cover.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Ladehebelanordnung, wobei der Ladehebel abgeschwenkt ist und sich in seiner einen Endlage befindet, mit horizontal geschnittenem Schieber und mit arretiertem Ladehebel,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht wie in Fig. 1, mit nichtarretiertem Ladehebel in seiner einen Endlage,

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht ähnlich Fig. 1, wobei sich der Ladehebel in seiner Längslage befindet,

Fig. 4 5 und 6

dieselben Darstellungen wie in Fig. 1, 2 und 3, wobei die Arretiereinrichtung gezeigt und der Schieber abgebrochen dargestellt ist, und

Fig. 7

einen Längs-Aufriß der Ladehebelanordnung, wobei der Ladehebel die Stellung der Fig. 3 und 6 aufweist.

An exemplary embodiment and further advantages of the invention are explained in more detail, for example, with reference to the attached schematic drawing. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

2 shows a top view of the loading lever arrangement according to the invention, the loading lever being pivoted down and in its one end position, with a horizontally cut slider and with the loading lever locked,

Fig. 2

2 shows a top view as in FIG. 1, with the loading lever not locked in its one end position,

Fig. 3

1, with the loading lever in its longitudinal position,

4 5 and 6

the same representations as in Fig. 1, 2 and 3, wherein the locking device is shown and the slide is shown broken, and

Fig. 7

a longitudinal elevation of the loading lever assembly, the loading lever having the position of FIGS. 3 and 6.

The same loading lever arrangement is shown in all the figures, only in different horizontal positions and loading lever positions. The reference numerals apply in the same way to all figures. The weapon housing and the breech carrier of the weapon having the loading lever arrangement shown are not shown for the sake of simplicity. The loading lever arrangement shown is located on the top of the weapon housing and is seen from above. The firing direction of the weapon runs to the left in the drawing.

In the drawing, a longitudinal bar 1 is shown, which is formed on the top of the breech carrier or fixedly attached, passes through a slot in the weapon housing and can move back and forth together with the breech carrier.

At the front of the longitudinal bar 1 there is a vertical bearing journal 5 which is centered with respect to the longitudinal direction of the weapon. Behind the bearing pin 5 there is a horizontal guide in which a slide 2 is movably guided forwards and backwards. The slide 2 has a spring guide rod pointing backwards, on which a compression coil spring 3 is seated, which is supported to the rear against the end face of the guide.

An elongated loading lever 4 is provided which has a bearing bore 6 near one end thereof. The bearing bore 6 is penetrated by the journal 5 so that the loading lever 4 in a horizontal plane from one end position - which is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5 - and in which the loading lever is perpendicular to the weapon longitudinal direction extends to the left, over its longitudinal position - shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 - is pivotable into an opposite end position, not shown. In this opposite end position, the loading lever 4 then extends at right angles to the right.

The loading lever 4 has a stop on both sides near the bearing bore 6, which abuts in the respective end position against an end stop 8, 8 ′ formed on the longitudinal bar 1.

At the level of the slide 2, the loading lever 4 has a saddle-like design 7 with a central recess, while the end face of the slide 2 facing the loading lever 4 is fork-shaped.

In the longitudinal position shown in FIG. 3, under the pressure effect of the return spring 3, the two ends of the fork-shaped end face of the slide 2 sit snugly on the two sides of the saddle-shaped formation 7, while the recess and the longitudinal notch of the fork-like end face of the slide 2 hold the bearing bore 6 flank without overlapping their contours.

If the loading lever 4 is pivoted approximately to the left from the longitudinal position shown in FIG. 3, then the left side of the saddle-like configuration pushes the left end of the fork-like end face and thus the slide 2 back against the force of the return spring 3 until the left end position - as shown in Fig. 2 - is reached. If you now let go of the loading lever 4, then it pivots under the force of the return spring 3 in the direction of the curved arrow shown in FIG. 2 until he has again reached the position of FIG. 3, where he remains in a stable position.

Such an arrangement of the loading lever 4 is known in principle.

4, 5 and 6, in which the locking device according to the invention is shown, with the aid of which the loading lever 4 can be held in each of its end positions (FIG. 4) as if it were rigid with the longitudinal bar 1 connected.

The bore 6 is designed as an elongated hole which extends in the longitudinal direction of the loading hoist 4.

At a different level than that of the training 7, the loading lever 4 has a circular disc-shaped extension, in the middle of which the end of the elongated hole 6 facing away from the free end of the loading lever is arranged. The end of the extension is designed as a projection 10 which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the loading lever 4 and has two side flanks 9, 9 'which interrupt the circular contour of the extension in a notch-like manner.

When the loading lever 4 is in its end position (FIG. 5), it can be displaced in the longitudinal direction against the direction of the straight arrow in FIG. 4 as far as the longitudinal bar 1 as long slot 6 permits, and then reaches a locking position shown in Fig. 4.

In this locking position is, as already noted above, one of the side surfaces of the loading lever 4 in contact with the associated end stop 8 or 8 '. By the previous, made possible by the slot 6 insertion of the loading lever 4 has its corresponding Side flank 9, 9 'pushed in front of the other end stop 8', 8, which now forms a counter-stop.

Since the loading lever 4 rests on both sides of the pivot pin 5 against a stop 8, 8 ', it is not only fixed in its end position just present, but is supported in a force-transmitting manner, so that the user now hits the free end of the loading lever 4 by hitting, pressing, etc. can act until the closure carrier connected to the loading lever 4 has reached the desired position. The return spring 3 presses the slide 2 on one side of the bearing pin 5 against the formation 7, so that the corresponding side flank (here: the side flank 9 ') is pressed against the associated counter-stop (here: the end stop 8'). Thus, despite the tolerances that occur, the loading lever 4 cannot be released from its locking position.

In order to achieve this, one only needs to lightly pull on the loading lever 4 in the direction of the straight arrow in FIG. 2 or 5 until the other end of the elongated hole 6 strikes against the bearing pin 5. Now the loading lever 4 swivels out of its end position, the circular disk-shaped contour of the projection 10 passing the end stop 8 'and ensuring that no hooking with this end stop 8' is possible.

Should the weapon be accidentally fired while the loading lever 4 is locked in an end position (FIGS. 1 and 4), then in the course of the reloading process the locking device is subjected to high acceleration and inertial forces, which partially counteract the return spring 3, so that the Loading lever 4 has automatically returned to its longitudinal position after firing a shot, which is shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.

For the sake of better illustration, the level of the locking device with the projection 10 below the level of the slide 2 is shown in the drawing on the loading lever 4. However, the reverse arrangement, in which the circular disk-shaped extension lies above the slide 2 and forms a dust cover to a certain extent, can also be easily implemented according to the invention.

Claims (8)

Loading lever arrangement for a handgun with a breech or breech carrier, which is arranged movably in a weapon housing in the longitudinal direction of the weapon, with the following features: a design (1) which is positively or non-positively connected to the breech or breech carrier and which passes through a longitudinal slot formed at the top of the weapon housing, an elongated loading lever (4), which is attached to one side of the formation (1) so as to be pivotable to both sides from a longitudinal position in which the loading lever (4) extends in the longitudinal direction of the weapon, - An end stop (8, 8 ') to limit the pivoting movement to each of the two sides up to an end position in which the loading lever (4) extends essentially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the weapon, and - a return element (3) for returning the pivoted loading lever (4) into its longitudinal position, characterized by a locking device (8, 8 ', 9, 9') for locking the loading lever (4) in each of its end positions. Loading lever arrangement according to claim 1, with - A bearing pin (5) which is attached to the loading lever (4) or to the arrangement, in particular a longitudinal bar (1) and protrudes upwards, and - A bearing bore in the longitudinal bar (1) or in the loading lever (4), which is penetrated by the bearing pin (5). Loading lever arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the bearing bore is designed as an elongated hole (6) which, at least when the loading lever (4) is in each of its end positions, extends in the longitudinal direction thereof, so that the loading lever (4 ) in its end position between a locked state and an unlocked state in its longitudinal direction and thus in the transverse direction of the weapon is displaceable. Loading lever arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading lever (4) is extended beyond its end which is articulated on the longitudinal bar (1) by a projection (10) which has two side flanks (9, 9 ') that on both sides the Articulation of the loading lever (4) on the longitudinal bar (1) has a counterstop (8, 8 '), and that when the loading lever (4) is displaced longitudinally, one of the side flanks (9, 9') comes into contact with the associated counterstop ( 8, 8 ') can be brought. Loading lever arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counter-stops (8, 8 ') also form the end stops for the loading lever (4). Loading lever arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a cam arrangement comprising an embodiment (7) on the loading lever (4) and a slide (2) guided in the longitudinal bar (1), on which the return spring (3) acts. Loading lever arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the guide is delimited on both sides by the end stops (8, 8 '). Loading lever arrangement according to one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the formation (7) on the loading hoist (4) is arranged under the projection (10).

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