EP0800427A1 - Liquid metal casting conduit, method and device for metal homogenization - Google Patents

Liquid metal casting conduit, method and device for metal homogenization

Info

Publication number
EP0800427A1
EP0800427A1 EP95941767A EP95941767A EP0800427A1 EP 0800427 A1 EP0800427 A1 EP 0800427A1 EP 95941767 A EP95941767 A EP 95941767A EP 95941767 A EP95941767 A EP 95941767A EP 0800427 A1 EP0800427 A1 EP 0800427A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conduit
inductor
metal
turns
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95941767A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Louis Comarteau
Christophe Liebaut
Patrice Nykiel
Alain Remy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEVA SA
Original Assignee
SEVA SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEVA SA filed Critical SEVA SA
Publication of EP0800427A1 publication Critical patent/EP0800427A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/06—Heating or cooling equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/60—Pouring-nozzles with heating or cooling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/22—Furnaces without an endless core
    • H05B6/24—Crucible furnaces
    • H05B6/26—Crucible furnaces using vacuum or particular gas atmosphere

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the casting of liquid metal for the manufacture of parts made of steels, superalloys and other metallic alloys, ferrous or not.
  • the invention relates first of all to a casting duct of the closed cross-section type opening at one end through a pouring orifice for the supply of at least one mold and of the type comprising over its length at least one heating means constituted by a coil-shaped inductor whose cooled turns are traversed by an alternating electric current (-, U, F), said inductor being embedded in concrete which surrounds a refractory tube (see for example WO 94/17938 in the name of Applicant).
  • a pipe is particularly advantageous for the casting of metals with high melting points.
  • Said heating duct eliminates the risk of cooling and solidification of a metal alloy at a casting temperature at least equal to 1400 ° C. between two successive casting operations.
  • this configuration of the conduit has some advantages compared to the conventional technique, such as that described for example by patent FR 2 532 866 in the name of PONT-A-MOUSSON SA linked to the simplicity of manufacture of the conduit (see the WO 94/17938 in the name of the Applicant).
  • the invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the homogeneous temperature of the metal makes it possible to standardize the conditions for filling and solidifying complex or multiple cavities in a foundry mold, hence the possibility of controlling the rates of defects (re-cracks, cracks, etc.) observed on the rooms.
  • the conduit according to the invention achieves these results thanks to the asymmetrical turns.
  • the coils of the inductor are offset and their density increases towards the end of the pouring orifice intended for supplying the mold.
  • the turns of the inductor form a helix offset with respect to the conduit, towards the axis of revolution of the toroidal shell of this conduit.
  • the coils of the inductor have a circular shape
  • the subject of the invention is also a method aiming to obtain the same results.
  • This process for homogenizing the temperature of a metal flowing in a conduit in the form of a portion of a torus of the type as described above is characterized in that an inductive current is assigned to the inductor frequency below 15,000 Hz.
  • the invention also relates to a low pressure metal casting installation, of the type comprising a casting ladle comprising a source of pressurized gas opening into the upper part of the ladle and a metal outlet orifice, characterized in that that the outlet opens into a conduit conforming to that described above.
  • Fig. 1 shows, in vertical section, a heated casting duct according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows, in vertical section, a low pressure metal casting installation comprising a duct of the type described in FIG. 1.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is a duct 1 of the closed cross-section type opening at one end by an orifice 2 and comprising along its length a heating means constituted by an inductor 3 in the form of a coil whose cooled turns 4 are traversed by an alternating electric current ( -, U, F).
  • Said inductor 3 is embedded in concrete 5 which surrounds a refractory tube 6.
  • the turns 4 are asymmetrical with respect to the axes of symmetry of the conduit XX 'and YY'.
  • the conduit has the shape of a torus portion whose axis of revolution passes through a point C.
  • the axis YY ' corresponds to the radius of curvature passing through point C and is mediating at the two ends of the duct.
  • the density of turns 4 is greater towards the end of the pouring orifice 2, because they are closer together on this side of the axis YY '.
  • the inductor has the shape of a helix, the axis ZZ 'of which is closer to point C than the axis XX', so that the turns are found offset towards the inside of the concavity of the duct.
  • the installation shown in FIG. 2 is a casting installation comprising a pocket 7 on which the duct 1 is fixed by a clamping means 8, known from the state of the art.
  • the pocket and the conduit contain liquid metal 9, introduced by a lateral filling door 10.
  • the pocket comprises a graphite rod 11 brought to high temperature and radiating on the surface of the metal.
  • the upper part of the pocket comprises a pipe 12 which brings a pressurized gas flow into the pocket above the metal bath.
  • Pressure adjustment equipment 13 is mounted on line 12; this equipment includes a pressure measurement device and a valve.
  • a wedge 14 disposed under the conduit 1 makes it possible to fix the casting position.
  • the pocket is tiltable by rotation on a roller system 15 and 16.
  • the operation of the low pressure casting installation is as follows: the pocket is filled with metal 9.
  • a mold (not shown) is brought into contact with the outlet 2. The mold is filled by applying the pressure of the gas coming from the pipe 12 to the surface of the metal. Several molds are filled consecutively.
  • the casting duct 1 maintains the metal at a uniform temperature during and between each mold filling operation, by means of the inductor supplied with alternating current.
  • the metal remaining at the bottom of the ladle is discharged through the filling door 10 by rotation on the rollers 15 and 16.

Abstract

The liquid metal casting conduit (1) is of the type comprising an inductor (3) embedded in concrete and whose turns are asymetrical with respect to the axes (XX') and (YY') of said conduit. Application to the homogenization of the metal temperature when the conduit (1) is secured to a low pressure casting ladle (7).

Description

Conduit de coulée de métal liquide, procédé et dispositif pour l'homogénéisation du métal  Liquid metal pouring pipe, method and device for homogenizing metal
La présente invention est relative à la coulée de métal liquide pour la fabrication de pièces en aciers, superalliages et autres alliages métalliques, ferreux ou non.  The present invention relates to the casting of liquid metal for the manufacture of parts made of steels, superalloys and other metallic alloys, ferrous or not.
L'invention concerne en premier lieu un conduit de coulée du type à section transversale fermée débouchant à une extrémité par un orifice de coulée pour l'alimentation d'au moins un moule et du type comportant sur sa longueur au moins un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif (-, U, F), ledit inducteur étant noyé dans du béton qui entoure un tube réfractaire (voir par exemple WO 94/17938 au nom de la Demanderesse). Un tel conduit est particulièrement avantageux pour la coulée de métaux à points de fusion élevés.  The invention relates first of all to a casting duct of the closed cross-section type opening at one end through a pouring orifice for the supply of at least one mold and of the type comprising over its length at least one heating means constituted by a coil-shaped inductor whose cooled turns are traversed by an alternating electric current (-, U, F), said inductor being embedded in concrete which surrounds a refractory tube (see for example WO 94/17938 in the name of Applicant). Such a pipe is particularly advantageous for the casting of metals with high melting points.
Ledit conduit chauffant élimine le risque de refroidissement et de solidification d'un alliage métallique à température de coulée au moins égale à 1400°C entre deux opérations de coulée successives.  Said heating duct eliminates the risk of cooling and solidification of a metal alloy at a casting temperature at least equal to 1400 ° C. between two successive casting operations.
D'autre part, cette configuration au conduit présente quelques avantages par rapport à la technique classique cels que décrit par exemple par ie brevet FR 2 532 866 au nom de PONT-A-MOUSSON S.A. liés à la simplicité de fabrication du conduit (voir le brevet WO 94/17938 au nom de la Demanderesse).  On the other hand, this configuration of the conduit has some advantages compared to the conventional technique, such as that described for example by patent FR 2 532 866 in the name of PONT-A-MOUSSON SA linked to the simplicity of manufacture of the conduit (see the WO 94/17938 in the name of the Applicant).
Cependant, on peut observer des hétérogénéités en température dans ce type de conduit, d'autant plus accentuées que celui-ci est arrondi. Il en résulte des différences de remplissage et de solidification du métal dans le moule de fonderie.  However, one can observe heterogeneities in temperature in this type of conduit, all the more accentuated as it is rounded. This results in differences in filling and solidification of the metal in the foundry mold.
L'invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients. En particulier, la température homogène du métal permet d'uniformiser les conditions de remplissage et de solidification d'empreintes complexes ou multiples dans un moule de fonderie d'où possibilité de maîtriser les taux de défauts (recassures, criques ...) observés sur les pièces. Le conduit selon l'invention atteint ces résultats grâce aux spires asymétriques. Afin d'homogénéiser la variation longitudinale de température du métal, les spires de l'inducteur sont décalées et leur densité augmente vers l'extrémité de l'orifice de coulée destiné à l'alimentation du moule. The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. In particular, the homogeneous temperature of the metal makes it possible to standardize the conditions for filling and solidifying complex or multiple cavities in a foundry mold, hence the possibility of controlling the rates of defects (re-cracks, cracks, etc.) observed on the rooms. The conduit according to the invention achieves these results thanks to the asymmetrical turns. In order to homogenize the longitudinal variation in temperature of the metal, the coils of the inductor are offset and their density increases towards the end of the pouring orifice intended for supplying the mold.
Afin d'homogénéiser la variation transversale de température du métal, les spires de l'inducteur forment une hélice décalée par rapport au conduit, vers l'axe de révolution du tore enveloppe de ce conduit.  In order to homogenize the transverse variation of temperature of the metal, the turns of the inductor form a helix offset with respect to the conduit, towards the axis of revolution of the toroidal shell of this conduit.
Suivant d'autres variantes :  According to other variants:
• les spires de l'inducteur présentent une forme circulaire,  The coils of the inductor have a circular shape,
• les spires de l'inducteur présentent une forme elliptique.  • the coils of the inductor have an elliptical shape.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé visant à obtenir les mêmes résultats. Ce procédé d'homogénéisation de la température d'un métal circulant dans un conduit de la forme d'une portion de tore du type tel que décrit cidessus se caractérise en ce que l'on affecte à l'inducteur un courant électrique d'une fréquence inférieure à 15 000 Hz.  The subject of the invention is also a method aiming to obtain the same results. This process for homogenizing the temperature of a metal flowing in a conduit in the form of a portion of a torus of the type as described above is characterized in that an inductive current is assigned to the inductor frequency below 15,000 Hz.
L'invention a aussi pour objet une installation de coulée de métal sous basse pression, du type comprenant une poche de coulée comprenant une source de gaz sous pression débouchant dans la partie supérieure de la poche et un orifice de sortie du métal, caractérisée en ce que l'orifice de sortie débouche dans un conduit conforme à celui décrit précédemment.  The invention also relates to a low pressure metal casting installation, of the type comprising a casting ladle comprising a source of pressurized gas opening into the upper part of the ladle and a metal outlet orifice, characterized in that that the outlet opens into a conduit conforming to that described above.
Un exemple de réalisation de l'invention va maintenant être décrit en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :  An exemplary embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
• La Fig. 1 représente, en coupe verticale, un conduit de coulée chauffant selon l'invention.  • Fig. 1 shows, in vertical section, a heated casting duct according to the invention.
• La Fig. 2 représente, en coupe verticale, une installation de coulée de métal sous basse pression comprenant un conduit de type de celui décrit par la Fig. 1. • Fig. 2 shows, in vertical section, a low pressure metal casting installation comprising a duct of the type described in FIG. 1.
Le dispositif représenté à la Fig. 1 est un conduit 1 du type à section transversale fermée débouchant à une extrémité par un orifice 2 et comportant sur sa longueur un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur 3 en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies 4 sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif (-, U, F). Ledit inducteur 3 est noyé dans du béton 5 qui entoure un tube réfractaire 6. Les spires 4 sont asymétriques par rapport aux axes de symétrie du conduit XX' et YY'. Le conduit a la forme d'une portion de tore dont l'axe de révolution passe par un point C. L'axe XX' correspond à l'axe du conduit. L ' axe YY ' correspond au rayon de courbure passant par le point C et est médiant aux deux extrémités du conduit. La densité de spires 4 est plus importante vers l'extrémité de l'orifice de coulée 2, car plus rapprochées entre-elles de ce côté de l'axe YY'. L'inducteur présente la forme d'une hélice dont l'axe ZZ' est plus rapproché du point C que l'axe XX', de manière à ce que les spires se retrouvent décalées vers l'intérieur de la concavité du conduit.  The device shown in FIG. 1 is a duct 1 of the closed cross-section type opening at one end by an orifice 2 and comprising along its length a heating means constituted by an inductor 3 in the form of a coil whose cooled turns 4 are traversed by an alternating electric current ( -, U, F). Said inductor 3 is embedded in concrete 5 which surrounds a refractory tube 6. The turns 4 are asymmetrical with respect to the axes of symmetry of the conduit XX 'and YY'. The conduit has the shape of a torus portion whose axis of revolution passes through a point C. The axis XX 'corresponds to the axis of the conduit. The axis YY 'corresponds to the radius of curvature passing through point C and is mediating at the two ends of the duct. The density of turns 4 is greater towards the end of the pouring orifice 2, because they are closer together on this side of the axis YY '. The inductor has the shape of a helix, the axis ZZ 'of which is closer to point C than the axis XX', so that the turns are found offset towards the inside of the concavity of the duct.
L'installation représentée à la Fig. 2 est une installation de coulée comprenant une poche 7 sur laquelle est fixé le conduit 1 par un moyen de bridage 8, connu de l'état de la technique. La poche et le conduit contiennent du métal liquide 9, introduit par une porte de remplissage latérale 10. La poche comprend un barreau en graphite 11 portée à haute température et rayonnant sur la surface du métal.  The installation shown in FIG. 2 is a casting installation comprising a pocket 7 on which the duct 1 is fixed by a clamping means 8, known from the state of the art. The pocket and the conduit contain liquid metal 9, introduced by a lateral filling door 10. The pocket comprises a graphite rod 11 brought to high temperature and radiating on the surface of the metal.
La partie supérieure de la poche comprend une conduite 12 qui amène un flux gazeux sous pression dans la poche au-dessus du bain métallique.  The upper part of the pocket comprises a pipe 12 which brings a pressurized gas flow into the pocket above the metal bath.
Un équipement 13 de réglage de pression est monté sur la conduite 12 ; cet équipement comprend un dispositif de mesure de la pression et une vanne. Une cale 14 disposée sous le conduit 1 permet de fixer la position de coulée. La poche est inclinable par rotation sur un système de galets 15 et 16. Le fonctionnement de l'installation de coulée sous basse pression est le suivant : la poche est remplie de métal 9. Un moule (non représenté) est amené au contact de l'orifice de sortie 2. Le remplissage du moule se fait par application de la pression du gaz provenant de la conduite 12 sur la surface du métal. Plusieurs moules sont remplis consécutivement. Le conduit de coulée 1 maintient le métal à température homogène pendant et entre chaque opération de remplissage de moule, au moyen de l'inducteur alimenté en courant alternatif. Pressure adjustment equipment 13 is mounted on line 12; this equipment includes a pressure measurement device and a valve. A wedge 14 disposed under the conduit 1 makes it possible to fix the casting position. The pocket is tiltable by rotation on a roller system 15 and 16. The operation of the low pressure casting installation is as follows: the pocket is filled with metal 9. A mold (not shown) is brought into contact with the outlet 2. The mold is filled by applying the pressure of the gas coming from the pipe 12 to the surface of the metal. Several molds are filled consecutively. The casting duct 1 maintains the metal at a uniform temperature during and between each mold filling operation, by means of the inductor supplied with alternating current.
Après le cycle de coulée de plusieurs moules, le métal restant au fond de la poche est évacué au travers de la porte de remplissage 10 par rotation sur les galets 15 et 16.  After the casting cycle of several molds, the metal remaining at the bottom of the ladle is discharged through the filling door 10 by rotation on the rollers 15 and 16.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1.- Conduit (1) de coulée de métal liquide pour l'alimentation d'un moule, le conduit étant du type à section transversale fermée débouchant à une extrémité par un orifice de coulée (2) pour l'alimentation d'au moins un moule et du type comportant sur sa longueur au moins un moyen de chauffage constitué par un inducteur (3) en forme de bobine dont les spires refroidies (4) sont parcourues par un courant électrique alternatif (-, U, F), ledit inducteur (3) étant noyé dans du béton (5) qui entoure un tube refractaire (6), caractérisé en ce que les spires (4) sont asymétriques de manière à homogénéiser la température du métal (9).  1.- Liquid metal casting duct (1) for feeding a mold, the duct being of the closed cross-section type opening at one end by a casting orifice (2) for feeding at least a mold and of the type comprising over its length at least one heating means constituted by an inductor (3) in the form of a coil whose cooled turns (4) are traversed by an alternating electric current (-, U, F), said inductor (3) being embedded in concrete (5) which surrounds a refractory tube (6), characterized in that the turns (4) are asymmetrical so as to homogenize the temperature of the metal (9).
2.- Conduit suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel les spires (4) sont décalées vers l'extrémité de l'orifice de coulée (2) destiné à l'alimentation du moule.  2.- conduit according to claim 1, wherein the turns (4) are offset towards the end of the pouring orifice (2) intended for supplying the mold.
3.- Conduit suivant la revendication 2, dans lequel la densité des spires (4) augmente avec la proximité dudit orifice de coulée (2) destiné à l'alimentation du moule.  3.- Conduit according to claim 2, wherein the density of the turns (4) increases with the proximity of said pouring orifice (2) for supplying the mold.
4.- Conduit suivant la revendication 1 de la forme d'une portion de tore, dans lequel l'inducteur (3) forme une hélice d'axe (Z, Z') rapprochée de l'axe de révolution du tore par rapport à l'axe (XX') du conduit (1).  4.- conduit according to claim 1 in the form of a torus portion, wherein the inductor (3) forms a helix with an axis (Z, Z ') close to the axis of revolution of the torus relative to the axis (XX ') of the conduit (1).
5.- Conduit suivant la revendication 1 ou 4, dans lequel les spires (4) de l'inducteur (3) présentent une forme circulaire.  5.- Conduit according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the turns (4) of the inductor (3) have a circular shape.
6.- Conduit suivant la revendication 1 ou 4, dans lequel les spires (4) de l'inducteur (3) présentent une forme elliptique.  6.- conduit according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the turns (4) of the inductor (3) have an elliptical shape.
7.- Procédé d'homogénéisation de la température d'un métal (9) circulant dans un conduit (1) de la forme d'une portion de tore du type suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que l'on affecte à l'inducteur un courant électrique (-, U, F) d'une fréquence inférieure à 15 000 Hz. 7.- A method of homogenizing the temperature of a metal (9) flowing in a conduit (1) in the form of a torus portion of the type according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one assigns to the inductor an electric current (-, U, F) with a frequency less than 15,000 Hz.
8.- Installation de coulée de métal (9) sous basse pression, du type comprenant une poche de coulée (7) comprenant une source de gaz sous pression débouchant dans la partie supérieure de la poche (7) et un orifice de sortie du métal, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice de sortie débouche dans un conduit (1) conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6. 8.- Metal casting installation (9) under low pressure, of the type comprising a casting ladle (7) comprising a source of pressurized gas opening into the upper part of the ladle (7) and a metal outlet orifice , characterized in that the outlet orifice opens into a conduit (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
EP95941767A 1994-12-09 1995-12-05 Liquid metal casting conduit, method and device for metal homogenization Withdrawn EP0800427A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9415026A FR2727883B1 (en) 1994-12-09 1994-12-09 LIQUID METAL CASTING CONDUIT, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HOMOGENIZING METAL
FR9415026 1994-12-09
PCT/FR1995/001602 WO1996017703A1 (en) 1994-12-09 1995-12-05 Liquid metal casting conduit, method and device for metal homogenization

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0800427A1 true EP0800427A1 (en) 1997-10-15

Family

ID=9469781

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95941767A Withdrawn EP0800427A1 (en) 1994-12-09 1995-12-05 Liquid metal casting conduit, method and device for metal homogenization

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5853605A (en)
EP (1) EP0800427A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2207300A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2727883B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1996017703A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA9510396B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8056608B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-11-15 Goodwin Plc Method of mitigating against thermal contraction induced cracking during casting of a super Ni alloy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19829191A1 (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-01-05 Be Automation Giesereitechnik Pressure casting unit with shorter preliminary melt runs

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2532866B1 (en) * 1982-09-13 1985-06-07 Pont A Mousson INDUCTION HEATED CASTING CHANNEL
FR2670697B1 (en) * 1990-12-24 1993-03-12 Pont A Mousson CHANNEL FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PRESSURE CASTING PROCESS OF A METAL ALLOY.
FR2701225B1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1995-04-21 Seva Method for manufacturing a liquid metal transfer heating element, heating element, its application and its use.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9617703A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8056608B2 (en) 2008-04-25 2011-11-15 Goodwin Plc Method of mitigating against thermal contraction induced cracking during casting of a super Ni alloy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5853605A (en) 1998-12-29
CA2207300A1 (en) 1996-06-13
FR2727883A1 (en) 1996-06-14
WO1996017703A1 (en) 1996-06-13
FR2727883B1 (en) 1997-01-17
ZA9510396B (en) 1996-06-13

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