EP0800050A1 - Multiple function weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

The rifle has a large-calibre self-loading rifle module (2'), for firing spin-stabilised projectiles. The module has a hammer piece which is tensioned by a spring, and has loading equipment (8) which may be a magazine. The rifle also has an operating module (4'), which can be attached to, and removed from, the rifle module. The operating module may be in the form of a short assault rifle, with separate triggering equipment. The large-calibre module may have separate triggering equipment which can be operated with one hand by the firer, and the triggering equipment on the assault rifle module may be designed to be operated using the other hand.

Description

The invention relates to a multi-purpose rifle, consisting of a large-caliber self-loading rifle module, which, in addition to the usual barrel and barrel or housing, has a reloading device, such as a box magazine, and an impact piece that can be tensioned by a striking spring, such as a cock or a firing pin that can be moved forward, and is provided with a further function module.

Such a multi-purpose rifle is known from the applicant's DE 32 02 806 C2. This known multi-purpose rifle consists essentially of a conventional rapid-fire rifle with a handle and a conventional trigger device assigned to it, in which a grenade launcher barrel, a breech and a second trigger device are attached instead of the forearm.

The grenade launcher barrel of this well-known multi-purpose rifle can be swiveled with its back down to remove the fired cartridge case and for reloading and is provided near this back with a grooved outer surface, which takes over the function of the forearm. Operating elements in the form of a safety slide and a trigger are provided above this grooved outer surface. These controls can be operated with the hand gripping the grooved outer surface, while the other hand grips the handle of the rapid-fire rifle and for operation the trigger, the safety handle and any other controls of the rapid-fire rifle can remain ready.

In this known multi-purpose rifle, the barrel of the rapid-fire rifle is at such a height with respect to its shoulder rest that the recoil is optimally ensured by the shooter. The barrel of the grenade launcher, on the other hand, whose recoil is much stronger, is below the barrel of the rapid-fire rifle, so it is not optimal in relation to the shoulder rest. The recoil during grenade launcher operation is therefore not optimally transferred to the shoulder rest, which leads the shooter to aim and trigger errors.

Furthermore, the loading process of the grenade launcher barrel is problematic because the cartridge inserted in the barrel, which is tilted down and thus inclined, tends to slip out of the cartridge chamber before the barrel has been tilted upwards. If the shooter tries to hold the cartridge while tilting the barrel, he can injure his fingers on the breech.

If, in addition, a second magazine with insulating tape or the like is attached to the magazine of the rapid-fire rifle for faster magazine change, as is often the case, this second magazine inevitably protrudes downwards and hinders the reloading of the grenade launcher barrel.

The grenade launcher barrel with its breech is firmly attached to the rapid-fire rifle or assault rifle and cannot and should not be removed by the shooter. Because of its high recoil, the grenade launcher system could not be fired without the assault rifle stock without injuring the shooter.

Even with a multi-purpose rifle, which is described in European patent application 0 294 346, the systems of a multi-load shotgun and a submachine gun are practically inseparably combined to form a single multi-purpose rifle, in which the large-caliber system is only set up for firing shot, rubber bullets or the like is and is suitable for firing non-spin stabilized projectiles at a very short distance, while the machine gun system is intended for firing at greater distances despite the low ballistic performance of the pistol cartridge used.

Another multipurpose rifle known to the applicant is formed by a simple repeating rifle, such as was used as a military rifle in the First World War, and in which a machine gun system is integrated. Again, the machine gun system must not be removed by the shooter, otherwise the time-consuming adjustment of this machine gun system to the sight of the repeating rifle system would no longer be necessary. In addition, an infantry rifle cannot be understood to mean a "large-caliber rifle" for which a caliber of the order of magnitude of approximately 20 mm can be used in the context of the invention.

Regardless of the rapid-fire rifle and grenade launcher, large-caliber rifle cartridges for military purposes have now been developed, which are known as "intelligent ammunition". Such "intelligent ammunition", possibly interacting with a control system attached to the weapon itself, considerably improves the effectiveness in the target, since it responds independently to this target.

The projectiles of this "intelligent ammunition" have an initial speed which is much higher than that of the cartridges for the grenade launcher mentioned at the beginning, and an effect in the target which exceeds that of a rapid-fire rifle projectile many times over.

As is known, the muzzle energy that can be achieved in a handgun depends on the momentum that the shooter can still withstand. This pulse can then be reduced if its duration of action is increased, for example by a shutter return after the shot.

In order not to put too much strain on the shooter, the large-caliber rifle cartridge mentioned thus requires a rifle with a breech lock, ie a self-loading rifle. Due to the high recoil, the delivery of bursts of fire is out of the question.

Because of the good ballistics of the above-mentioned, large-caliber rifle cartridge, in addition to the high effectiveness in the target, the hit performance within about 1000 m is very good, so that it is perfectly appropriate to equip one or two men with such an oversized, large-caliber self-loading rifle in an infantry group . Due to the high ammunition weight, the firepower of such a self-loading rifle is limited. In addition, the firepower of an infantry group is severely weakened if two men are unable to fire in the sustained fire. It is possible to equip the appropriate shooters with a pistol, but this means carrying them with a weapon that can be handled separately with the associated additional cartridge type. Equipping these shooters with a submachine gun or with a rapid-fire rifle or assault rifle is also not recommended, since such additional equipment is too heavy and bulky and would severely restrict the shooters' activities.

Based on this problem, the invention aims to develop a multi-purpose rifle of the generic type so that the general defense readiness of the shooter is improved in a simple and reliable manner.

• ein Großkaliber-Selbstladegewehrmodul zum Verschießen drallstabilisierter Geschoße vorgesehen ist, und
• ein Funktions- bzw. Zusatzmodul abnehmbar am Großkalibermodul anbringbar ist, so daß baukastenartig und erst im Einsatz das Mehrzweckgewehr den Erfordernissen entsprechend zusammengestellt werden kann (Großkalibergewehr alleine, Sturmgewehr alleine, beide kombiniert).

This goal is achieved in that

• a large-caliber self-loading rifle module for firing spin-stabilized projectiles is provided, and
• a function or additional module can be detachably attached to the large-caliber module, so that the multi-purpose rifle can be assembled according to requirements in a modular manner and only in use (large-caliber rifle alone, assault rifle alone, both combined).

As a basic module, a large-caliber self-loading rifle is used, which is optimized according to the position of the barrel, position and design of the shoulder rest, as well as the handle, if necessary, so that precision shooting is possible without undue strain on the shooter.

The quasi additional module to the basic module is formed by a short assault rifle, which differs in principle from a simple assault rifle in that it has a retractable, retractable or, in particular, removable shoulder rest. By omitting the shoulder rest, the weight of this assault rifle is reduced and its length is shortened even further.

The short assault rifle is less favorable than the large-caliber barrel, relative to the support represented by the shoulder rest of the large-caliber self-loading rifle. The recoil of the short assault rifle, which is designed for a modern cartridge such as .223 or smaller, is much less than that of the large-caliber barrel. So although the recoil of the short assault rifle runs obliquely to the shoulder rest, it does have an effect advantageous in the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention because of its low strength therefore only slightly.

Another advantage of the invention is that the short assault rifle is fixed at a fixed angle and position to the large-caliber self-loading rifle, in a manner that ensures that the holder used does not deflect or otherwise become loose.

This angular and positionally fixed attachment was not fully possible with the generic multi-purpose rifle, because the dimensions and recoil of the grenade launcher used there were much too large to permit such attachment even over a longer period of use.

Both the large-caliber self-loading rifle and the short assault rifle can each have a magazine in the multipurpose rifle according to the invention, which is attached to or removed from the respective module transversely to the firing direction. The magazines can thus not interfere with each other, even if the shooter attaches a second one to the respective magazine by means of insulating tape or the like.

The short assault rifle is preferably attached detachably to the large-caliber self-loading rifle. For this purpose, approximately complementary dovetail designs or assemblies can be arranged on these two modules, by means of which the modules can be pushed onto one another. The modules are then locked in their end position. Other assemblies are also possible, such as are known from riflescopes. This development of the invention has the advantage that not only defective modules are replaced, but that other devices than the respective other module can also be attached to the respective mounting halves.

The large-caliber self-loading rifle can also be attached to a bipod or a mount-like tripod. The short assault rifle can be attached to another weapon, such as a bazooka or to the barrel of a light or recoil-free gun, and can be used as a coaxial machine gun, or it can be attached to an armored vehicle as a stationary weapon, in order to be able to strike zones, that are in the shadow of fire from the guns.

The above-described trigger device for the short assault rifle, which replaces the handle, is in turn preferably replaced by another trigger device set up for remote triggering by an electrical pulse or cable.

According to further refinements of the invention, it may be advantageous to mount the short assault rifle either under the barrel of the large-caliber self-loading rifle (over-and-under double-rifle arrangement) or next to it (double-rifle arrangement). In the double rifle arrangement, the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention is flat and therefore easy to carry, but it is high. As far as the short assault rifle has a side loading lever and a side cartridge ejection, it does not need to be modified.

In the double rifle arrangement, the two barrels are at the same height. The distance between the line of sight and the soul axis of the assault rifle barrel is smaller, which reduces the possibility of misses. However, the attachment of the short assault rifle to the right or left side of the large-caliber self-loading rifle may require that the loading lever and / or the ejection device of the standard assault rifle used have to be modified. As far as the loading lever of the short assault rifle is arranged overhead and the ejection after done above, this can easily be attached to the right or left side of the large-caliber self-loading rifle.

In a further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the sighting device of the large-caliber self-loading rifle is additionally designed for use with the short assault rifle. With the multi-purpose rifle, a second sight, which is usually necessary, can be dispensed with, which has particular advantages with regard to the weight, the manageability and the maintenance of the rifle. In addition, the shooter can fire two shots that are completely different in type without changing his position relative to the rifle. Only now is it possible to develop a commonly used sighting device of a large-caliber self-loading rifle in such a way that it can also be used for an additional short assault rifle that is capable of a precision shot over a distance of a few hundred meters.

The embodiment according to the invention is further advantageous in this regard if the trigger device for the short assault rifle has push buttons. This reduces the likelihood that the shooter will lose sight of this target while aiming at a target due to a force that he cannot exert in the running direction to actuate the trigger device.

The trigger device consists particularly advantageously of securing and triggering in the form of push buttons which can be moved in the transverse direction to the barrel of the short rifle. In the end, only a shooter's fingers have to be moved to actuate and not the arm, for example, along the running direction. In this way, unwanted swiveling movements of the multi-purpose rifle when aiming and simultaneously actuating the trigger device can be small being held.

The trigger device is advantageously designed as an exchange module for attachment instead of the usual handle.

In one embodiment variant, the function module has the trigger for the large-caliber self-loading rifle module, which in turn has only the part of its trigger device that is required for firing and interrupting. A coupling is arranged between the functional module and the large-caliber module, which transmits the movement of the trigger and, if applicable, the fuse (both are attached to the functional module) to the large-caliber module. The coupling can consist, for example, of moving a rod out of the functional module when the trigger is actuated, which pushes against a sprung counter rod in the large-caliber module. Contacts can be used to transmit electrical signals between the two modules.

Insofar as the multi-purpose rifle is only to be used as a large-caliber rifle, the functional module is merely a handle, which has a trigger and safety device as well as operating elements for the electronics and sights of the large-caliber module.

If the functional module is designed as a short assault rifle, then its grip has a switch, by means of which the trigger can be switched either to the large-caliber module or to the assault rifle. Furthermore, fuses for both modules, the rapid fire / single fire switchover of the assault rifle and, if necessary, control elements for the electronics are provided. In this case, the grip piece which has the control elements just mentioned can preferably be exchanged for a simple grip piece which is used when the assault rifle module is to be used alone. In this case it is also advantageous to use a rigid or retractable or insert retractable buttstock on the assault rifle module, and if necessary a sight and / or a handle.

The coupling can be covered by the buttstock to be attached or can advantageously be assigned to the handle, which has the operating elements for both modules.

So it is possible that the shooter equipped with the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention can, depending on the circumstances, put together the optimum weapon from a kit carried in the vehicle: during the march, the shooter carries, for example, the assault rifle module, on which a conventional handle and / or or a buttstock was attached. The more sensitive and expensive large-caliber module with its electronics remains protected in the transport case.

If the large-caliber module is to be used from well-prepared, fixed positions, then it is sufficient to select a handle module as the function module, since machine guns are available to ward off a possible assault; the use of the multi-purpose rifle in the form of a purely large-caliber self-loading rifle is then advantageous.

If, however, the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention is to be used by an assault group, for example to destroy an enemy artillery position, then the functional module designed as an assault rifle is preferable, since the shooter is largely on his own and can handle any situation with the multi-purpose rifle equipped in this way.

Eventually, for example, the shooter should be overrun by the enemy front and be forced to his If he can penetrate lines, he can, if necessary, leave the large-caliber module, which alone cannot be fired without the functional module, and he still has a light defense weapon in the assault rifle module, which does not burden him during a long march.

The first embodiment variant can also be used as far as possible in the manner described above.

Fig. 1

die Ansicht der linken Seite eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzweckgewehres,

Fig. 2

die Draufsicht auf das Gewehr der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

die Frontansicht des Gewehres der Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

die Seitenansicht des zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel passenden Kurz-Sturmgewehres, für sich alleine gesehen,

Fig. 5

eine Ansicht eines Großkaliber-Selbstladegewehrmoduls gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Mehrzweckgewehres, mit einem als Griffstück ausgebildeten, abgenommenen Funktionsmodul,

Fig. 6

ein zum Großkalibermodul der Fig. 5 passendes, als Kurz-Sturmgewehr ausgebildetes Funktionsmodul, umgerüstet zum Sturmgewehr, mit abgenommenem Handgriff mit Visierung und mit abgenommener Schulterstütze, und

Fig. 7

das Großkalibermodul der Fig. 5, mit angebautem Kurz-Sturmgewehr.

Exemplary embodiments and further advantages of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing, for example; in this shows:

Fig. 1

the view of the left side of a first embodiment of the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention,

Fig. 2

the top view of the rifle of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

the front view of the rifle of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4

the side view of the short assault rifle matching the first embodiment, seen on its own,

Fig. 5

2 shows a view of a large-caliber self-loading rifle module according to a second exemplary embodiment of the multi-purpose rifle according to the invention, with a removed functional module designed as a handle,

Fig. 6

a functional module designed as a short assault rifle, converted to the assault rifle, with the handle removed with sights and with removed shoulder rest, and

Fig. 7

the large-caliber module of Fig. 5, with attached short assault rifle.

The positional terms used, such as "in front", "above" or the like, refer to the multi-purpose rifle in the horizontal stop position, which points with the muzzle towards the front.

The entire multi-purpose rifle according to a first advantageous embodiment is best seen in FIG. 1.

As a basic module, this multi-purpose rifle has a large-caliber self-loading rifle 1, which is equipped with a conventional handle 6, a shoulder rest 16 and an optoelectronic sighting device, such as a rifle scope with an adjustable illuminated dot bar, with an acoustic or other rangefinder, and with electronics to influence the shot large-caliber Storeys can be equipped.

In front of the handle there is a trigger 10 in the usual position, which together with a safety device, not shown, forms the trigger device. Before the trigger, a rod magazine 8 projecting downward is arranged for the large-caliber cartridges.

A shock absorbing device, for example made of rubber buffers, can be integrated into the shoulder rest 16. The extension of the core axis of the large-caliber barrel (no reference number) intersects the rear support surface of the shoulder rest 16.

A short assault rifle module 4 is shown in FIG. 4 and has a barrel, a locking and reloading mechanism with a rod magazine 12 projecting downwards, and a trigger device 14. Shoulder rest and grip are missing.

The trigger device 14 has pushbuttons movable in the transverse direction to secure and trigger.

Furthermore, the short assault rifle module 4 is provided with a housing which forms a palm rest around the mouth of the rod magazine 12 and in front of it.

As shown in FIG. 1, the short assault rifle module 4 is attached to the underside of the large-caliber self-loading rifle 2, specifically in front of its magazine 8, by means of an assembly 18, but is removable. This assembly 18 can be designed as a slide-on assembly, with two complementary groove-bar arrangements on the underside of the large-caliber self-loading rifle 2 and on the top of the short assault rifle 4, with a locking pin that the rear end of the short assault rifle 4 and the large-caliber self-loading rifle 2 passes through transversely (Fig. 2).

Both runs are close to each other and end at the same height.

When shooting, the right hand of the right-handed shooter grips the grip 6. The index finger of the right hand is ready to operate the trigger 10, the left hand grips the assault rifle magazine 12 and pulls the multi-purpose rifle with the shoulder rest 16 firmly into the shoulder of the shooter.

Either the thumb of the shooter's left hand, which grips the rod magazine 12, lies from the left side of the rifle, which is visible in FIGS. 1 and 4, or another finger of this left hand, from the opposite side, rests on the push-button trigger of the trigger device 14 ready for triggering.

In the case of a left-handed shooter, the right and left hand in the description must be exchanged. The trigger device 14 of the short assault rifle 4 can, however, also be arranged on both sides in order to best suit both a left-handed and a right-handed person with regard to the actuation of the multi-purpose rifle.

The gunner is always ready to fire either with the large-caliber self-loading rifle 2 or with the short assault rifle 4 without having to apply or change a single additional handle. The sighting device 20 shows him a reticle set up for both weapons, which enables a precision shot with each of the two weapons 2, 4.

As FIGS. 2 and 3 show, the multipurpose weapon is flat overall and can therefore be carried comfortably on the shoulder strap (not shown).

When shooting with a rest, the multi-load rifle is placed on the handguard of the short assault rifle 4 and pressed against the rest with its magazine 12. The shooter's left hand rests loosely on the magazine 8 and actuates the trigger device 14 from there.

Between the shoulder rest 16 and the system of the large-caliber self-loading rifle 2 or its buttstock, a shock absorber 22, which is only indicated schematically, is arranged, which lengthens and thus reduces the momentum of the recoil. A shooter is thus able to fire precisely even with ammunition that would exceed the tolerable limit without the shock absorber 22.

The shock absorber 22 can be designed as a rubber block or as a friction damper, but is preferably a hydraulic shock absorber.

• das Großkalibermodul 2' weist keinen eigenen Handgriff und keinen eigenen Abzug/keine eigene Sicherung auf, und
• das Sturmgewehrmodul 4' weist ein übliches Griffstück 6' auf.

The second exemplary embodiment is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 and differs from the first of FIGS. 1 to 4 in that:

• the large-caliber module 2 'does not have its own handle and its own trigger / safety device, and
• the assault rifle module 4 'has a conventional handle 6'.

The large-caliber module 2 'is provided with a sight 20 and has a magazine 8. Between the large-caliber module 2 'and the functional module (handle module 24 or assault rifle module 4'), a coupling (not shown) is provided, which becomes effective when the functional module 4 ', 24 is attached to the large-caliber module 2' and actuating movements of a universal trigger 34, which is on the functional module 4 ', 24 is arranged, transfers to the large-caliber module 2'.

The large-caliber module 2 'alone cannot fire because it does not have its own trigger.

FIG. 5 shows a handle module 24 which forms the functional module there. This handle module 24 has a handle 6 'with a trigger, a safety lever and control buttons 36 for electronic devices.

If this handle module 24 is attached to the large-caliber module 2 ', a large-caliber self-loading rifle results; the coupling explained above and contacts (not shown) establish a control connection between the trigger and the large-caliber module and between the control buttons 36 and the associated devices of the large-caliber module 2 '.

6 shows a short assault rifle module 4 'with magazine 12; in this the handle 6 'has a universal trigger 34, the control buttons 36 already mentioned, a module selector lever 30 and a fire selector lever 32. The respective Two positions of the module selector lever 30 determine whether the universal trigger 34 is connected to the assault rifle module 4 'or the large-caliber module 2' for triggering the shot in each case. Depending on the position, the fire selector lever determines the safe, single fire or continuous fire operating status (continuous fire only for the assault rifle module 4 ').

An assault rifle handle 26 with conventional sights can be attached to the top of the assault rifle module 4 ', covering the above-mentioned contacts. At the rear of the assault rifle module 4 ', an assault rifle shoulder rest 28 can be attached, which covers the parts of the above-mentioned coupling which are arranged in the assault rifle module 4'. A full assault rifle can thus be produced from the assault rifle module 4 ', but the module selector lever 30 must remain set to the assault rifle module 4'.

The assault rifle module 4 'can, however, also be attached under the barrel of the large-caliber module 2' (FIG. 7), the trigger actuating either the large-caliber module 2 'or the assault rifle module 2' depending on the position of the module selector lever 30.

It is thus possible to put together the optimal multi-purpose rifle in a modular manner.

Claims (17)

Multi-purpose rifle with the following features: - A large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2 ') for firing spin-stabilized projectiles, with - an impact piece which can be tensioned by a striking spring, and - A reloading device (8), and - A functional module (4; 4 ', 24) which is detachably attachable to the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2'). Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 1, wherein the functional module is designed as a short assault rifle (4) with its own trigger device (14). Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 2, in which the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2) has its own trigger device, which can be operated with one hand of the shooter, and in which the trigger device (14) of the short assault rifle (4) for operation with the other hand of the shooter is trained. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of Claims 1 or 2, in which the functional module (4 ', 24) has a handle (6') with a universal trigger (34) which is connected via a coupling which is attached to the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2 ') when the functional module is attached. ) can be produced, is set up to trigger the striking piece. Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 4, which is designed as a large-caliber self-loading rifle, the functional module (24) forming the handle (6 '). Multi-purpose rifle according to Claim 4, in which the functional module is designed as a short assault rifle (4 ') with the handle 6', the universal trigger (34) of which is optionally between the actuation of the short assault rifle (4 ') or the actuation of the large-caliber self-loading rifle module ( 2 ') is switchable or has two deductions. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of claims 3 or 4, in which the short assault rifle (4; 4 ') can be attached to the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2') in a fixed-angle and fixed position. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the functional module (4; 4 ') can be connected to the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2') by means of an assembly (18). Multi-purpose rifle according to Claim 8, in which the part of the assembly belonging to the short assault rifle module (4 ') is set up to accommodate a handle and / or sighting module (26). Multi-purpose rifle according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which the functional module (4; 4 ', 24) can be attached below the barrel of the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2'). Multi-purpose rifle according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the functional module can be attached laterally next to the barrel of the large-caliber self-loading rifle module. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of claims 2 to 11, in which the large-caliber self-loading rifle module (2; 2 ') is a sighting device (20), which is also set up for the short assault rifle (4; 4 '). Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 3, wherein the trigger device (14) of the short assault rifle (4) has at least one push button. Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 13, wherein the push buttons are arranged to actuate the fuse and the trigger. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of claims 13 or 14, in which the trigger device of the short assault rifle (4 ') equipped with at least one trigger (34) can be exchanged for a conventional handle (24) with a trigger tongue. Multi-purpose rifle according to one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the large-caliber self-loading rifle system (2) has a shoulder rest with a shock absorber (22). Multi-purpose rifle according to claim 16, wherein the shock absorber (22) is designed as a hydraulic shock absorber.

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