EP0797717B1 - Electric or electronic lock - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric or electronic lock, in particular a cylinder lock, has an electric energy generator with at least one coil (8), an electromagnetic locking member with a locking bolt (10), and operates with a key that is introduced into the lock. The magnetic force for moving the locking bolt (10) is generated by the coils (8) of the generator, so that a lock with the smallest possible size is obtained which may be reliably locked and unlocked. The energy required for reliably locking and unlocking is generated in a simple and direct manner in the lock itself.

Description

The invention relates to an electrical or electronic Lock, especially cylinder lock, with at least one a coil containing generator for generating electrical Energy using one to be inserted into the lock Key and with an electromagnetic locking member with a locking bolt.

Electric or electronic locks can in principle be used can be supplied with energy in any way. Besides the possibility a mains connection or a backup battery proposals have already become known for which the required Energy when inserting a key under Mediation of the key is generated. In this way can avoid additional electrical installations to ensure the energy supply.

DE-OS 3 819 954 describes, for example, a locking device with an address memory. It is about a system that can be used as an access control system a comparison of a key code with one in code stored in a lock memory. The Key coding here has an address code, the at least one byte of memory is allocated. This byte can assume two states. The key is in a reader inserted, the corresponding address is called and read the byte. Assumes the first state the key is granted access, in the second the Access blocked. Locking authorization for a key to give, a programming card is required here, which before inserted the key to be programmed into the reading slot must become.

From DE-OS 3 514 149 there is also a magnetic key arrangement known, the magnetic key in addition to the usual permanent magnetic Coding areas by a magnetic field sensor read one after the other, additionally permanent magnetic Has clock areas that control the reading process of the coding areas. Overall, a reading device proposed, in which with relatively simple sensors a serial scan becomes possible, the clock control has the meaning that only useful information an evaluation circuit can be forwarded. The clock areas are therefore arranged opposite the code areas so that the magnetic field sensor that scans the code areas right now of the signal exactly above the magnetic field maximum of a code area located.

DE-OS 4 201 936 describes a magnetic card lock. To the To open the lock, the magnetic card must be placed in a slide be inserted and move it against a spring for so long until the locking mechanism is actuated. Since the Slide by tumblers, consisting of permanent magnets, which are connected to a housing by means of springs, in its Position is held, these tumblers must first be pushed back. This is done by pushing it in the magnetic card with the same permanent magnets how the tumblers must be equipped, the being effective magnetic repulsive forces between the card and the tumbler unlocking causes. If the card comes out of the Slider is removed, due to the spring, the closed position accepted again.

EP-A1-462 316 already includes a locking cylinder an electrical locking device has become known, which was designed as a double lock cylinder and on one Side carries a rotary knob. In this known double lock cylinder was turned by turning the rotary knob generates electrical energy, which is then used to unlock an electromagnetically actuated locking pin was able to deliver the required energy. It was already suggested the locking pin in a way to arrange that a predetermined rotation of the key without Blockage by the electromagnetically actuated locking pin was made possible, and in this way it became a partial route of the Rotary movement of a key used to generate energy. Such an arrangement has the consequence that always then when the electrical energy through a partial twist of the key should be generated in the lock There is a danger that the key will turn violently collides with the electromagnetically unlockable locking pin, which only after a predetermined rotation Prevent further turning of the key. Such sudden Shear stresses of the electromagnetically actuated Locking pin affect the functional safety and the Service life of the locking pin and the key.

In all cases, an electromagnetically unlockable one Lock pin absorb relatively high mechanical forces, and it relatively much electrical energy is required in order to do so stable locking pins securely from a locking position into one To move the unlocking position. Especially if retrofitted locks on electrical or Electronic locks are to be converted, is the space available comparatively low.

The present invention therefore aims to provide an electrical or electronic lock of the type mentioned to continue training, with the smallest possible dimensions to achieve a secure locking or unlocking, while at the same time for such a secure locking or unlocking required energy in a simple manner directly in the castle should be able to be generated.

To achieve this object, the training according to the invention essentially in that the locking member by a magnetic shunt to the one carrying the coil (s) Generator can be operated, the key several Carries permanent magnets, one with one to the the other permanent magnets arranged on the key inverse Polarity is formed, or a soft part is arranged in the key which is with at least one additional permanent magnet cooperates in the cylinder. While with known Devices using the coils of the generator Electrical energy is generated by the invention Training the same coils which the Serve energy generation, also for the generation of electromagnetic Field, which is the displacement force generated for the locking bolt or locking pin. At a Such training will be particularly small dimensions guaranteed high mechanical stability at the same time. The Dual use of the coils of the generator for the magnetic Unlocking allows it, even with very little space a safe and mechanically sufficiently stable construction to accomplish.

The training for this is particularly advantageous hit that the locking bolt in a metallic, magnetically conductive guide part is guided, which with a yoke part carrying a generator coil can be magnetically connected via soft magnetic yoke parts is. With such a training one becomes special compact construction ensures that the Locking bolt leading part with a generator coil supporting yoke in a particularly simple manner by elements of Key itself is magnetically connectable. To this end the training is advantageously made so that the magnetic Connection of the locking bolt leading Guide part with the yoke part carrying a generator coil by bridging a gap by inserting a magnetic or soft iron containing part of the Key can be produced. If, as one particularly preferred embodiment corresponds, according to the invention, a linear generator Is used in which one in the axial direction Key a plurality of magnetic sections or Sub-areas containing soft iron in operative connection with a yoke passing through the generator coils, can naturally by using magnetic sub-areas in the key that penetrating the generator coils Yoke parts made of soft iron. Conversely, at Use of soft iron sections in the key to generation the electrical energy the training so made be that of key or soft iron Portions of the key penetrated each gap is limited by pole pieces.

When the key is fully inserted, the magnetic Flow over the yoke that guides the locking bolt can, so here either when using soft iron Sub-areas of the key the direction of magnetization must be reversed to flow over the locking bolt to force. Alternatively, the foremost portion of the key is soft magnetic be, whereas all the rest of the generation of electrical Energy-effective sub-areas of magnets can be formed, which in a preceding gap between the ends of one formed by soft iron parts Yokes induce magnetic field lines. It is an advantage Training taken so that two in the axial direction of the Schlosses staggered, at least one generator coil load-bearing yoke parts are provided, and that the locking bolt in the axial direction between the two yoke parts is arranged, preferably the generator coils load-bearing yoke parts in a common plane ends have which of magnetic portions of the Key can be bridged while reducing the existing gap are. To complete the flow reversal inserted key and to achieve the magnetic Displacement is the training preferably made such that the guide part leading the locking bolt in one in Direction of insertion following level with interposition a gap on the yoke parts carrying the generator coils connects and with insertion of magnetic or soft iron sections of the key magnetically with at least the coil-bearing yoke parts can be connected.

The desired magnetic flux to unlock the locking bolt is advantageously achieved in that two sections of the key seen magnetically in the axial direction different direction of magnetization or as soft iron sections are formed and at a distance from each other are arranged, in which these are fully inserted Align keys with the soft magnetic yoke parts, due to using the mechanisms discussed above either a piece of soft iron or using one magnetic range with reverse polarity according to the invention the guide part leading the locking bolt fully inserted key can be coupled with the generator coils is.

The invention is described below with reference to a drawing schematically illustrated embodiment. 1 shows a side view of a key for use in an electrical according to the invention or electronic lock; 2 shows a schematic section by an electric or electronic lock according to the present invention with key inserted; and Fig. 3 partially in an enlarged and perspective view electrical or electronic lock according to the invention.

With an electric or electronic lock it is common an arithmetic logic unit with both Communication unit as well as with a memory and a Unlocking circuit connected. For the entire circle a corresponding power supply can be provided, which in present case through the implementation of mechanical kinetic energy in electrical energy by arranging a Generator system in the area of the lock is made possible. At of the schematic representation according to FIGS. 1 and 2 Key 1 magnetized, permanent magnetic areas 2 out.

When inserting the key 1 into a cylinder 3 one Cylinder lock, the housing of which is designated 4 the permanent magnets 2 of the key 1 arranged in the cylinder 3, soft magnetic yoke parts 14 and others Passed yoke parts in the housing 4, which in Fig. 3 in Are shown in detail. This leads to a change in river in the overall system, the field lines of which are indicated by 5, whereby an induction voltage in the windings at least a generator coil is generated. It just does this the insertion movement of the key into the lock to generate energy used.

As an alternative to the training according to FIGS. 1 and 2, on Key 1 instead of permanent magnetic areas 2 soft magnetic areas can be provided. Is accordingly to provide at least one permanent magnet in the cylinder 3, wherein again when inserting the key 1 with the soft magnetic Areas indicated by the field lines 5 Magnetic circuit is closed and a flow change in the Windings of the generator coil is generated.

The advantages of using a linear generator in one electrical or electronic lock are mainly that none other than the key and the locking bolt mechanically moving parts are to be provided, whereby a results in a high degree of reliability. Furthermore, the embodiment can be realized very small and therefore every lock and especially adapted to every cylinder and key shape become. Overall, this results in a very robust embodiment.

3, the reference numerals are previous figures have been retained, being from the key 1 shows only the permanent magnetic areas 2 are and of the cylinder also only the yoke parts 14 partially are shown. Are in the housing, not shown Yoke parts 6 and 7 are arranged, each with a coil 8 work together. The magnetic circuit is over one common fastening element 9 for the yoke parts 6 and 7 closed. On the element 9 there is also a locking bolt 10 stored, which is shown in Fig. 3 Quiescent or locked state by an amagnetic spring 11 is applied in the locking position. By pushing in of the key or the permanent magnetic areas 2 in In the direction of arrow 12, the magnetic circuit over the Yoke parts 6 and 7 and the soft magnetic yoke parts 14 in Cylinder closed and in the generator coils 8 a Voltage induces, creating energy for the subsequent Actuation of the lock is generated. Through complete Inserting the key into the cylinder will make the flow turned over in one of the coils 8 and the total flow through guided the locking bolt 10, this locking bolt 10 in a metallic, magnetically conductive Guide part 13 is guided, which with the one generator coil bearing yoke part 7 over the permanent magnetic Area 2 is magnetically connectable. To reverse the course of the river shows the last permanent magnet of the key inverse polarity to the others arranged on the key Permanent magnet 2 on. Alternatively, this permanent magnet be replaced by a piece of soft iron.

It can thus be seen that the two coils 8 are not only be used for energy generation, but also for Actuation of the locking bolt 10 serve. The locking bolt 10 supporting guide part 13 is here arranged between the yoke parts 6 and 7, so that overall results in a very compact embodiment. Using of only one generator coil 8 must be special for one accurate guidance of the locking bolt 10 taken care of be while using two generator coils 8 an asymmetrical due to the symmetrical arrangement of the yoke parts The introduction of forces is largely eliminated becomes.

The fact that the magnetic displacement force for the Locking bolts generated by the coils 8 of the generator there is a space saving of the overall system, because with separate construction of a separate magnetic circuit for the locking mechanism at least one additional coil and one additional magnet would be necessary.

Claims (9)

1. Electric or electronic lock, in particular a cylinder lock, having a generator, containing at least one coil, for generating electrical energy, using a key (1) to be inserted into the lock, and having an electromagnetic locking element with a locking bolt (10), characterized in that the locking element can be actuated by a magnetic shunt with respect to the generator bearing the coil(s) (8), the key bearing a plurality of permanent magnets, one of which is designed with an inverse polarity with respect to the other permanent magnets arranged on the key, or in the key there is arranged a soft part which interacts with at least one additional permanent magnet in the cylinder.
2. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 1, characterized in that the locking bolt (10) is guided in a metallic, magnetically permeable guide part (13), which can be magnetically connected by means of soft-magnetic yoke parts (14) to a yoke part (6, 7) bearing a generator coil (8).
3. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic connection of the guide part (13), guiding the locking bolt (10), to the yoke part (6, 7), bearing a generator coil (8), can be established by bridging a gap by pushing in a subregion (2), which is magnetic or contains soft iron, of the key (1).
4. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 1, characterized in that two yoke parts (6, 7), arranged offset in the axial direction of the lock and each bearing at least one generator coil (8), are provided, and in that the locking bolt (10) is arranged between the two yoke parts (6, 7) in the axial direction.
5. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 4, characterized in that the yoke parts (6, 7) bearing the generator coils (8) have ends which are in a common plane and can be bridged by magnetic subregions (2) of the key (1), by means of soft-magnetic yoke parts (14), thereby reducing the existing gap.
6. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a guide part (13), guiding the locking bolt (10), adjoins the yoke parts (6, 7), bearing the generator coils (8), in a plane following in the direction of pushing in, with a gap in between, and can be connected magnetically to at least one of the yoke parts (6, 7) bearing coils (8) by pushing in magnetic or soft-iron subregions (2) of the key (1).
7. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that two subregions (2) of the key (1) are designed magnetically, with different directions of magnetization, seen in the axial direction, or as soft-iron subregions and are arranged at a distance from each other at which the latter are aligned with the soft-magnetic yoke parts (14) when the key (1) is fully pushed in.
8. Electric or electronic lock according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the guide part (13), guiding the locking bolt (10), can be coupled to the generator coils (8) when the key is fully pushed in.
9. Electric or electronic lock according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the generator is designed as a linear generator, in which a plurality of magnetic subregions or soft-iron-containing subregions (2) can be set in operative connection with at least one yoke part (6, 7), passing through the generator coil(s) (8), in the axial direction of the key (1).

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