EP0797710B1 - Building structure with set primary and variable secondary structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A building structure comprises at least one primary structure (1) with in each case a floor element (2), a ceiling element (3) and wall elements (4) joining floor and ceiling elements and, arranged within the primary structure (1), a secondary structure (5) in the form of at least one intermediate ceiling (5a). The secondary structure (5) provides a first support system of posts (6) and tie beams (7) secured to the posts (6); within the set primary structure (1) this support system is variable in terms of the height and surface design of the intermediate ceiling (5a). The posts (6) may be solidly anchored in the floor element (2) and/or ceiling element (3) and the tie beams (7) may be secured to the wall elements (4) by means of connectors mounted on the wall elements (4) and/or the tie beams (7). The posts (6) can be fitted with connectors, especially arranged at defined intervals, by means of which the tie beams (7) can be secured to the posts (6). Beams (9) can be mounted over the tie beams (7) to hold an intermediate ceiling surface.

Description

The invention relates to a building structure (as known e.g. from EP-A-0 572 659) according to the preamble of Claim 1.

To solve the - especially for young people and middle class families - precarious housing and building situation with less and less unaffordable range of building site close to workplaces and with exploding construction costs, various proposals have been made made. They are mostly based on savings in the Construction costs through the use of prefabricated components, in particular also enable a dense development.

DE-A1-31 28 376 describes a modular building structure, thereby aligning the individual modules in alignment to simplify that the vertical corner posts of the individual modules so attached to the base frame of the module are that they have a certain amount around these fortifications are pivotable. A similar problem lies in DE-A1-42 39 057 on the basis of specially trained cornerstones of a single module, another to be placed on top Single module can be positioned safely. Each floor level initially stabilized in itself, anchoring the individual modules with each other is both in horizontal as also given in the vertical direction.

DE-A1-42 37 326 describes an arrangement of a plurality of Spatial cells that include hall elements, so that when they are strung together the space cells create corridors and connecting passages, possibly also via stairways or exits and entrances can be developed or expanded.

WO 91/06720 discloses a building structure that consists of individual, prefabricated, comprising floor, ceiling and wall elements Space cells are put together, being between each Room cells one for the reception of supply lines, Fireplaces or electrical conduit channels provided Gap is preserved, including insulation material can be introduced. A similar building structure is in the DE-A1-29 26 969 described in the building cells in the form of hollow parallelepipeds be joined together. Special wall shapes allow the application of insulation or the implementation of Installation lines.

EP-A2-134 893 describes a system construction in which one three-dimensional structure element with two levels two-dimensional Structural elements can be arranged. Connecting devices allow the attachment of plate-shaped Wall, floor and / or roof elements on the central structure and also the connection of the elements to each other. As a basic structure are U-shaped support elements on a foundation structure provided in the spaces between all kinds of installations are relocatable.

The building module disclosed in CH-A-597 456 consists of a room scaffold that can only be assembled at the construction site, for what no special tools and no connectors, such as screws, Nails or rivets are necessary. Specially shaped beams with channel profiles are assembled into a prismatic basic structure, into the floor, wall and ceiling panels.

CH-A5-612 235 describes a carrying unit with a rigid, horizontal floor construction and with a rigid, vertical support structure for receiving prefabricated, three-dimensional space cells.

A building construction can be found in CH-A5-635 641, at the wall, floor and ceiling panels in a profile support frame with reinforcing ribs inserted using screw connections can be.

These building structures meet the need for larger ones Flexibility with regard to planning conditions at a lower cost Version, because modules can be prefabricated away from the building site be used. On the one hand, these modules can be complete room cells be, such as in DE-A1-42 37 326, WO 91/06720, DE-A1-29 26 969, or CH-A5-612 235, or also parts of such spatial cells, as in DE-A1-31 28 376, DE-A1-42 39 057, EP-A2-134 893, CH-A-597 456, or CH-A5-635 641 described. Building structures that can be achieved through such modules are characterized by great customization options Spatial planning requirements, such as densely built-up areas, and, on the other hand, are and can be cost-effectively calculated be tailored to the financial possibilities of the client.

Although a building structure is described in CH-A5-635 641, the even if it has been completed, enlarged or changed The need of the user can be adjusted, so relates this possibility of change only affects partition walls to remove or use or parts of the building structure or disassemble them yourself and if necessary on a to put up another place.

In contrast, the present invention has set itself the task to provide a building structure, its basic structure - the so-called primary structure - the known in modular form Has the flexibility and practicality of prefabrication, the residents or users but also after completion of construction offers the opportunity within this primary structure - possibly due to changing living or usage needs or due to improved financial opportunities - The size of the living space and / or the amount of the To change living spaces.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the Characteristic of claim 1 given. Advantageous or alternative Training is characterized by the characteristics of the dependent claims described.

Because the secondary structure as independent in the primary structure trained support system is provided, wherein none force-transmitting wall connection between pliers and wall elements the primary structure is provided, the false ceiling be changed in terms of height and area, even after completion of the building structure. The Stand, if necessary, in the floor and / or ceiling element of the Primary structure are firmly anchored, have connecting elements to which or over which the supporting ceiling Pliers can be detachably attached. Become these fasteners provided at regular intervals on the stands, so is - especially in connections with equally spaced Connectors on the wall elements for the pliers - a true to size, easy adjustment of the pliers and thus the false ceiling possible. These connecting elements can be very different Form and mode of action, such as consoles or recesses the stands or holes in the stands.

The fact that supply and chimney shafts on the outside the primary structure, the interior remains free for a specific design of the secondary structure, i.e. of the False ceiling and possibly the staircase. The same applies for the electrical installation, which as - in particular vertical - parallel and thus double - loop system should be, so that a free division of space - even in the upper Floor - becomes possible.

A building structure according to the invention is advantageous by another, to be assigned to the primary structure Carrying system complements that in its structure and its function first supporting system of the secondary structure is designed accordingly is. This creates an individual, possibly expanding within possibility of expanding the primary structure Balconies, winter gardens, outside stairs, canopies and sunroofs and the like. Also architectural specifications, such as dense development with personal design of living areas, Connection of living and working structures or delimitation of Individual and community areas are possible.

The principle of the same structure of the two support systems in which no power transmission to the wall elements takes place, simplified changing and adapting to desired heights or expansion specifications.

Are primary structures that can be of different sizes and designed in such a way to meet different needs are designed so that their basic dimensions correspond to each other can be selected, they can be combined in any way and, for example, one above the other or side by side be arranged (taking into account the static conditions), why preferably a consistently uniform concept the arrangement and dimensioning of the openings in the primary structure, such as windows or doors, or the installation and Chimney shafts, should be provided.

Fig.1

einen Schnitt durch eine Primärstruktur mit Sekundärstruktur und zweitem Tragsystem mit Balkonen;

Fig.2

eine Draufsicht auf eine Sekundärstruktur entsprechend Fig.1;

Fig.3a

einen Teilschnitt entsprechend Fig.1;

Fig.3b

einen Detailschnitt durch eine fertiggestellte zwischendecke;

Fig.4a

eine Detail-Ansicht einer möglichen Befestigung Zangen/Balken-Ständer;

Fig.4b

einen Längs-Schnitt durch eine Anordnung entsprechend Fig.4a;

Fig.5a

eine Detail-Ansicht einer Anordnung Zangen/Balken-Stützen;

Fig.5b

einen Längsschnitt durch eine Anordnung entsprechend Fig.5a;

Fig.6a

eine Detail-Ansicht einer möglichen Befestigung Zangen/Balken-Wandelement und

Fig.7

einen Schnitt durch eine Baustruktur mit vier Primärstrukturen, mit zwei zweiten, Balkone aufnehmenden Tragsystemen und einem jeweils zwei Primärstrukturen verbindenden, weiteren, zweiten Tragsystem.

The invention is described below by way of example with reference to drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a section through a primary structure with a secondary structure and a second support system with balconies;

Fig. 2

a plan view of a secondary structure corresponding to Figure 1;

Fig.3a

a partial section corresponding to Figure 1;

Fig.3b

a detail section through a completed false ceiling;

Fig.4a

a detailed view of a possible attachment pliers / beam stand;

Fig. 4b

a longitudinal section through an arrangement corresponding to Figure 4a;

Fig.5a

a detailed view of an arrangement of pliers / beam supports;

Fig. 5b

a longitudinal section through an arrangement corresponding to Figure 5a;

Fig.6a

a detailed view of a possible fastening pliers / beam wall element and

Fig. 7

a section through a building structure with four primary structures, with two second support systems accommodating balconies and a further, second support system connecting each two primary structures.

1 and 2 show a primary structure 1 with a Floor element 2, a ceiling element 3 and wall elements 4. The Primary structure 1 has a clear height that at least one suitable height for the installation of two living levels. In the Wall elements 4 are openings for windows 18 and doors 19 are provided. This primary structure 1 can be used as a prefabricated basic module trained and, to allow all planning freedom, Have basic mass determined by the building standard mass are. By standardizing the shapes and positioning the openings in the wall elements 4 are the possible combinations the primary structures guaranteed or expanded. Ceiling element 3 and preferably also that Floor panels are made of reinforced concrete, in order to have sufficient free space inside the primary structure 1 for to leave possible uses. Ceiling and floor elements could also - as shown below - accordingly the construction of the false ceiling 5a, but then firmly with the Wall elements connected - as between those for the Secondary structure 5 provided pliers and 6 stands Beam position should be formed.

A 37 gt 2 concrete ring belt provided at standard storey height are the static stability of the primary structure 1. This is particularly important if primary structures with a large footprint and / or great heights. Primary structures for the inclusion of secondary structures are intended to allow two false ceilings, if necessary To be arranged one above the other, are therefore preferably two have such stabilizing ring belts.

A secondary structure 5 is arranged inside the primary structure 1, the stand 6 and pliers 7. The stand 6 are provided between floor 2 and ceiling element 3, either simply clamped with clamping wedges as a counterpart, or fixed anchored, for example in clamp-like, in ceiling or Floor element fastened brackets. For reasons of stability these stands 6 are preferably steel or tubular steel beams be formed, but are also suitably dimensioned Wooden posts possible. The pliers 7, preferably as double pliers 7a, 7b (Fig.2) are formed on the stands 6 attached via connectors 8a, 8b (Fig.4b). These connectors can Be threaded bolts with locking rings, the threaded bolts through corresponding recesses 38 (Fig.4a) in pliers 7 and Stands 6 are inserted. Cross wedge connections are also conceivable caused by the weight of the pliers or by the Weight of the false ceiling can be determined as such. A other, possibly additional, possibility of determination the pliers on the stands are the pliers on the stands provided with console-like projections.

The pliers 7 extend from one wall element 4 to the opposite Wall element 4 and are on the two wall elements, however not specified in these. It therefore takes place over this connection does not transmit power between the secondary structure and the wall elements instead. To do this, like from 3a or 5a and 5b can be seen, supports 27 are provided be on which the pliers 7 are placed, the supports 27 possibly consist of individual sections 127, the one on top of the other - just by the weight of the one above Pliers / beam construction or by gluing together fixed - result in the desired height, or on the such sections 127 are placed in accordance with this height, or be glued on. But it can also between floor and Ceiling element clamped stand assigned to the wall element be provided, which then correspond to those freely in the primary structure 1 arranged stands 6 are formed and on which the pliers 7 can be attached in the manner described above. The pliers 7 can also in connection elements Form of edge strips 20 attached to the wall elements (Fig.3a), or in the form of attachable to the wall elements Angles 8c (Fig.6a, 6b) on which the pliers 7 are seated on the Wall elements 4 can be set. It is obvious that the choice of connectors to be used both from the material of the Components as well as the architectural specifications and the depending on the customer's wishes.

Are also the positions of the inside of the primary structure 1 stand 6 to be provided essentially based on the predetermined Internal dimensions set, so there is the possibility that Height of the false ceiling 5a - even after completion of the construction - To change without interfering with the primary structure 1. This is possible because the pliers 7, which together with the Stands 6 determine the basic support structure, not in the wall elements 4, but to be fixed on them and thus no power transmission takes place, in which case this makes it impossible would. The connectors will be on the desired one Provided height and thus the pliers 7 on a certain Height set. For example, in the stands 6 Recesses for receiving the threaded bolts in certain Heights provided or the console-like projections in corresponding Clearances are provided on the stands, or are on the Rows of wall elements - if necessary at the same time as serving decorative element - arranged, are such changes true to size, problem-free and safe, even for DIY enthusiasts to make. It is even possible to make the false ceiling 5a on a platform graduated training, as can also be seen from Fig. 7 is.

It may be that certain design requests - such as a circumferential inner gallery - from static or additional supports 27 are also required for aesthetic reasons make that inserted between floor element 2 and false ceiling 5a will.

This basic support structure, which is essentially only by the position the stand 6 is predefined, this position is determined by the inner mass of the primary structure 1, to form a false ceiling 5a - with a layer of beams 9 that covers the living space desired by the client in the upper Determine the floor. The arrangement shown in Figure 2 results in a Kind of gallery. The space required for stairs 21 in the intermediate ceiling 5a is, as can be seen from Fig.2, any selectable. The staircase could also be designed as a spiral staircase be, with one of the columns 6 act as a central column can.

The ceiling structure for the use area is then on the beam layer provided false ceiling surface applied, a The possibility for this is shown in FIG. 3b. A thin, sound absorbing one Intermediate layer 22, for example a light fiber fleece, is arranged on the bar 9. Cover chipboard 23 the beam position. Above that is a layer of impact sound insulation 24, a layer of glued, floating wooden chipboard 25 and finally the desired floor covering 26 is arranged. But also very simple designs of the usable area the false ceiling 5a are possible. So - if for example intended to be used as storage - a simple one Screed or board covering can be applied to the beam layer. In any case, the height of the floor structure of the false ceiling to match the stairs or, if necessary, the desired one Adapt expansion.

So that the variability shown is guaranteed Installation or supply shafts 11 and chimney shafts 12 arranged on the outside of the primary structure 1. This leaves the interior of the primary structure 1 free for the possible ones Changes. The location of wet rooms, be it in the lower one or also on the upper floor is essentially determined. The electrical cables are in one in the wall elements 4 laid loop line 13, with branch lines in the bottom 2 or ceiling element 3 can be provided, with which, if necessary Ceiling burning points can be defined in the ceiling element can.

From Fig.4a and 4b one possibility can be seen in which simple to do the pliers 7 - here a pair of double pliers 7a, 7b - attached to the stand 6 at different heights can be. A series of holes 38 on the stand 6, the distance between them in particular by the height of the pliers 7a, 7b is given for receiving through-bolts 8a nuts 8b provided on both sides. It will possible to position the pliers by at least one plier height to adjust. 3a and 7, these adjustment heights indicated by dashed lines.

Figures 5a, 5b and 6a, 6b show two variants, the pliers 7 to fix on the wall elements 4, the freedom of movement the height adjustment of the false ceiling is maintained. Fig.5a and 5b show supports 27 with sections attached or glued on 127, preferably also in dimensions Pliers heights accordingly, while in the variant according to Fig. 6a and 6b angles 8c are attached to the wall elements 4 whose narrow leg 8c1 the pliers come to rest. Bolts 8a1 are inserted through pliers 7 and angle 8c, in Threaded holes 38a rotated in the wall element 4 and with a nut 8b1 secured. If the attachment via the angle 8c with its at least two fastening points on the wall element 4 and the supporting leg 8c1 in general a simple variant is also possible, in which - under Eliminate the angle 8c - the pliers 7 by means of bolts 8a1 can be attached directly to the wall.

A second support system 14 can be on the outside of the primary structure 1 can be provided that the porch of balconies, terraces, old-style stems or conservatories. As can be seen from Fig. 7, it can also be used as a connection system between several primary structures, for example act as a stairwell with intermediate corridors.

In Fig.1 a possibility is shown in which the support system 14 is provided for receiving balconies 15a. Carriers 16a are arranged on the outside of the wall elements 4 of the primary structure 1, parallel supports 16b are provided which - as can also be seen from FIG. 7 - regardless of the primary structure 1 are erected, preferably on one with the primary structure anchored common foundation or if necessary also independently founded. Balcony tongs 17 are on the supports 16a and 16b in above for the first support system of the Secured secondary structure 5 described manner, so that too no direct power transmission between wall elements 4 and Balcony tongs 17 takes place. Would also be given due to the fix Dimensions of the primary structures 1 a stabilizing, firm connection between balcony tongs 17 and wall elements 4 each at the level of the floor elements 2 and the ceiling elements 3 possible, so a detachable connection is shown in the above Increase the variability of the system at this point.

According to the attachment of the pliers 7 on the wall elements 4, as already shown with reference to FIG. 3a and in particular The balcony tongs can also be seen from FIGS. 5a, 5b and 6a, 6b 17 attached directly to the outside of the wall elements 4 are provided without the carrier 16a on the outer sides Need to become. It is understood that from purely static Reasons in general to prefer the fastening over beams will be, depending on the size of the stems and the intended Use, also a connection exclusively via connectors 8a, 8b, 8c (Fig.4b, 6a), edge strips 20 (Fig.3a) or supports 27 (FIG. 5a) with attached sections are also possible. If necessary - similar to the supports 27 - instead of Carriers 16b supports arranged parallel to the wall elements 4 be provided.

A position of floor beams 28 covers the balcony tongs 17, one Balcony parapet 28 surrounds the respective balcony elements.

Additional expansion requests can be met because of the support system a variety of expansion options allowed.

For example, it can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 7, as on the Beams 16a have a canopy 30 over a support frame 31 in any Height can be arranged. In a corresponding way a narrow canopy 32 is also provided above an entrance door be, or a sun or weather protection roof above of window bands. Since all support structures in the same way the possibility of connection in different, coordinated Offer heights, such additional components can be any over on the wall elements or on the beams or stands provided connectors on the wall elements or on the supports or stands are attached.

7 shows a more complex building structure, the four Includes primary structures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, two each such primary structures are arranged one above the other. Ceiling element 2 of the lower primary structure is also a floor element 3 of the upper primary structure.

The two components, each comprising two primary structures are connected by a common staircase 33, that gives access to the top two, as duplex apartments usable primary structures. Again, there if necessary separate entrances in the upper levels of the individual residential units or also provided interior galleries or later the basic structure of this can be retrofitted Stairwell 33 provided as an independent support structure. carrier 16a on the outer sides of the wall elements 4 can between the pliers arranged in the wall elements of the two components planned or desired height, which then as a base can serve for beam positions and so stair landings or also form all-round interior galleries. For the building structure shown For example, a central aisle access is available with side grate platforms on, a lighting and ventilation technology affordable training option.

The staircase 33 is - in the configuration shown in FIG. 7 - covered with a separate gable roof 34, the two Components are covered by flat-pitched pent roofs 35. A is sufficient ventilation of the stairwell 33 given through vents 36.

Each of the four primary structures 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d is in its Interior designed differently. The positioning of the stairs there is a differentiated utilization between the basement and the upper floor of the space available, the design of the false ceilings 5aa, 5ab, 5ac, 5ad with or without pedestals and gradations individually different.

Garages, cellars or roof storage are depending on the planning situation and additionally provided depending on the client's specifications. The mass of the primary structure will be specified accordingly be.

Claims (8)

1. Building structure having at least one primary structure (1) which has in each case a floor element (2), a ceiling element (3) and wall elements (4) connecting floor element and ceiling element, and having a secondary structure (5) arranged inside the primary structure (1) and in the form of at least one intermediate ceiling (5a), characterized in that the secondary structure (5) is formed as a first self-supporting bearing system which can be varied at any time within the given primary structure (1), even partially, with respect to the height and the area of the intermediate ceiling (5a), in the form of posts (6) supporting tie beams (7), the tie beams (7) being capable of being fastened to the posts (6) and the posts (6) optionally being firmly anchored in floor element (2) and/or ceiling element (3) and the tie beams (7) being capable of being fixed in a non-frictional manner to the wall elements (4) - optionally via connectors (8c; 20) provided on the wall elements (4) and/or on the tie beams (7).
2. Building structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that means - optionally in the form of connectors (8a, 8b) - are provided on the posts (6), in particular at certain distances, via which means the tie beams (7) can be fastened to the posts (6).
3. Building structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that beams (9) can be arranged above the tie beams (7), for holding an intermediate ceiling covering.
4. Building structure according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that supply shafts (11) and/or chimney shafts (12) are arranged on the outside of the primary structure (1).
5. Building structure according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that a ring duct system (13) for holding the electrical installation is arranged in the wall elements (4) of the primary structure (1), several such ring duct systems (13) preferably being provided depending on the possible arrangement of the intermediate ceiling.
6. Building structure according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the second, preferably likewise self-supporting, bearing system (14) for holding balconies (15a) or balcony-like projecting structures (15b) is provided on the outside of the primary structure (1), in which system - in particular on supports (16) - balcony tie beams (17) can be fastened to the outside of a wall element (4) of the primary structure (1), preferably at the height of floor element (2) and/or intermediate ceiling (5a).
7. Building structure according to Claim 6, characterized in that the balcony tie beams (17) on the outside of the wall elements (4) can be fastened to the wall elements (4) by means of connectors which in particular are provided at certain distances and are optionally provided on supports (16) arranged on the outside of the wall elements (4), that side of the balcony tie beams (17) which face away from the wall element being capable of being fastened on the support (16) or on the other wall element (4a) by means of connectors (8) provided on a support (16) arranged parallel to the corresponding wall element (4) or on a wall element (4a) of another primary structure (1a).
8. Building structure according to any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the base dimensions of different primary structures (1, 1a, 1b, ...) permit a grid-like combination, openings in the wall elements (4) of the individual primary structures (1, 1a, 1b, ...) as well as the arrangement and the dimensions of the supply shafts (11) or chimney shafts (12) preferably being designed in a standard manner.

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