EP0791487A2

EP0791487A2 - Pneumatic tyre

Info

Publication number: EP0791487A2
Application number: EP97201525A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Naoaki Iwasaki
Original assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
Priority date: 1994-04-15
Filing date: 1995-04-10
Publication date: 1997-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2015-04-10
Also published as: EP0791487B1; EP0677405B1; DE69522236D1; DE69522236T2; EP0791487A3; EP0677405A1; US5645657A; DE69503414T2; DE69503414D1

Abstract

A pneumatic tyre (1) comprising a tread part (2) having two circumferential grooves (5,5) continuously extending in the circumferential direction in either side of the tyre's equator so as to divide the tread part (2) into a pair of shoulder parts (4,4), which are located outside outer bottom edges (6b) of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, and a central part (9), which is located between inner bottom edges (6a) of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, characterised by the central part (9) having a surface comprising successive convex curves composed of a pair of inner groove walls (9A) extending inside, in the axial direction of tyre, along a curve convex outwardly in the radial direction from the inner bottom edges (6a) of the circumferential grooves (5) and a central ground-contacting surface (9B) smoothly connected between the pair of the inner groove walls (9A), the central ground-contacting surface (9B) being substantially in contact with a virtual tread line (7) between outer surfaces (10) of the shoulder parts, the surface of the central part (9) being asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL, and when the tyre (1) is mounted on a regular rim R, inflated with regular internal pressure and applied with normal load, the circumferential grooves (5) have a groove width GW being not less than 35 mm and not more than 0.35 times a ground-contacting width TW of the tread and a bisectional plane KL dividing the central part (9) in two equal widths in the axial direction of tyre being remote from the tyre equatorial plane CL and the central ground-contacting surface (9B) is symmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL.

Description

The present invention relates to a pneumatic tyre, particularly a low aspect radial tyre for passenger vehicles, capable of reconciling improvement of wet grip performance such as hydroplaning resistance and reduction of tyre noise.
Recently, as automobiles become quieter tyre noise has come to contribute at a higher ratio to the total noise level of an automobile, and its reduction is demanded. Such noise reduction is specifically desired in a range around 1 kHz which forms the peak frequency of tyre noise, and sound due to a columnar resonance generated by the circumferential grooves is one of the main sound sources in this frequency range.
On the other hand, in order to maintain the wet grip performance, the tread of a tyre is generally provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves continuously extending in the circumferential direction of tyre.
In such a tyre, when it is in contact with the ground, a kind of air column is formed by the road surface and the circumferential groove. Then a sound of specific wavelength, which is double the wave length of the air column is caused by the airflow within the column during running.
Such a phenomenon is referred to as columnar resonance, and provides the main source of noise at 800 to 1.2 kHz. The wavelength of the columnar resonance sound is approximately constant to give a constant frequency regardless of the tyre's speed, and increases the sound inside and outside the automobile.
Incidentally, since this noise around 1 khz is a sound easily heard by the human ear, the increase of noise with this frequency greatly influences tyre noise performance.
In order to prevent the columnar resonance, although reduction of the number or volume of the circumferential grooves is known, such reductions lead to a lower wet grip performance.
On the other hand, although the wet grip performance can be increased contrarily by increasing the number or volume of circumferential grooves, a simple increase causes reduction of the dry grip performance, because the ground-contact area is reduced. Also, this causes a reduction of steering stability as the rigidity of the tread pattern is reduced, in addition to the increase in tyre noise.
Conventionally, tyre performance has been adjusted by sacrificing one or more performances factors.
It is hence a primary object of the invention to provide a pneumatic tyre capable of reconciling improvement of wet grip performance such as hydroplaning resistance and reduction of tyre noise without loss of dry grip performance or steering stability.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a pneumatic tyre comprises a tread part having two circumferential grooves continuously extending in the circumferential direction in either side of the tyre's equator so as to divide the tread part into a pair of shoulder parts, which are located outside outer bottom edges of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, and a central part, which is located between inner bottom edges of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, characterised by the central part having a surface comprising successive convex curves composed of a pair of inner groove walls extending inside, in the axial direction of tyre, along a curve convex outwardly in the radial direction from the inner bottom edges of the circumferential grooves and a central ground-contacting surface smoothly connected between the pair of the inner groove walls, the central ground-contacting surface being substantially in contact with a virtual tread line between outer surfaces of the shoulder parts, the surface of the central part being asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL, and when the tyre is mounted on a regular rim R, inflated with regular internal pressure and applied with normal load, the circumferential grooves have a groove width GW being not less than 35 mm and not more than 0.35 times a ground-contacting width TW of the tread and a bisectional plane KL dividing the central part in two equal widths in the axial direction of tyre being remote from the tyre equatorial plane CL and the central ground-contacting surface is symmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, referring to the attached diagrammatic drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a tyre;
Fig. 2 is a enlarged sectional view showing the central part configuration of the tyre tread in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a partial flat view showing a tread pattern of the tyre in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre in Fig. 1 when a normal load is applied;
Fig. 5(A) is an enlarged partial sectional view for explanation of groove bottom ends;
Fig. 5(B) is an enlarged partial sectional view for explanation of groove bottom ends;
Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the relation between the total groove width ratio and cornering power;
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relation between the total groove width ratio and hydroplaning-inducing speed;
Fig. 8(A) is a graph showing the relation between the groove width and pass-by noise of a 205/55R15 tyre;
Fig. 8(B) is a graph showing the relation between the groove width and pass-by noise of a 225/50R16 tyre;
Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a tyre showing another example;
Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view showing a central part configuration of the tyre in Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional view showing still another example of a central part configuration;
Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view showing yet another example of a central part configuration;
Fig. 13 is an enlarged sectional view showing still another example of a central part configuration;
Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional view showing yet another example of a central part configuration;
Fig. 15 is a sectional view showing a tread profile of a conventional tyre;
Fig. 16(A) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 9 and 10 in straight running;
Fig. 16(B) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 9 and 10 in cornering;
Fig. 17(A) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 1 and 2 in straight running;
Fig. 17(B) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 1 and 2 in cornering;
Fig. 18(A) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 15 in straight running;
Fig. 18(B) is a plan view showing the ground-contacting tread area of the tyre of Fig. 15 in cornering; and
Fig. 19 is a sectional view showing a tread profile of a comparative tyre in Table 1.

Fig. 1 shows a tyre 1 of the invention in its normal state mounted on its regular rim R and inflated to its regular internal pressure. The regular rim is the rim officially approved for the tyre by for example JATMA (Japan), TRA (USA), ETRTO (Europe) and the like; the regular internal pressure is the maximum air pressure for the tyre officially specified in the Air-Pressure/Max.-loads Table by for example JATMA, TRA, ETRTO and the like; and the normal load is the maximum load for the tyre officially specified in Air-pressure/Max.-loads Table by for example JATMA, TRA, ETRTO and the like.
The tyre 1 comprises a pair of bead parts 14 each having a bead core 15, sidewall parts 13 extending from the bead parts 14 outwardly in the radial direction of tyre, and a tread part 2 linking their outer ends. The aspect ratio is between 0.4 and 0.6 to provide a low aspect tyre for passenger vehicles. $(Aspect ratio = sectional height / tyre width.)$
A radial carcass 16 comprising two plies 16A, 16B extends between the bead parts 14. Both edges of the carcass 16 are folded back from the inside to the outside around the bead cores 15, and a belt layer 17 is provided above the carcass 16 and radially inwards of the tread part 2.
In addition, a rubber bead apex 18 extending radially outward from each bead core 15 is provided between the main part of the carcass 16 and the folded back part thereof so as to maintain the shape and rigidity of the bead part 14.
The belt layer 17 comprises plural belt plies of cords aligned at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees to the tyre equator and coated by a topping rubber. The belt cords have a high tensile strength, such as steel or aromatic polyamide, and are arranged to cross to each other between the belt plies. For the carcass cords, in the case of a tyre for passenger vehicles, such organic fibre cords as nylon, rayon or polyester may be generally employed.
The tread part 2 has two wide circumferential grooves 5,5 which are positioned one at either side of the tyre's equator. Each extend continuously around the tyre substantially in the circumferential direction, so that the tread part 2 is divided into a pair of shoulder parts 4,4 and a central part 9. The shoulder parts 4,4 are defined as the regions outside an outer bottom edge 6b of the circumferential grooves 5,5 in the axial direction of tyre. The central part 9 is defined as the region between the inner bottom edges 6a,6a of the circumferential grooves 5,5 in the axial direction of tyre.
The circumferential grooves 5,5 are positioned, in the embodiment, asymmetrically about the tyre's equatorial plane CL, so that a bisectional plane KL dividing the central part 9 into two equal widths in the tyre's axial direction is remote from the tyre equatorial plane CL. The circumferential grooves 5,5 have a same groove depth D to each other, and this groove depth D is set in a range of 4 to 6% of a ground-contacting width TW of the tread such as 7.5 to 12.0 mm, preferably 8.2 mm for a tyre of 205/55R15 in size.
The central part 9 has a surface with a smooth convex curve composed of a pair of inner groove walls 9A extending inwards in the axial direction of tyre along a curve convex outwardly in the radial direction of tyre from the inner bottom edges 6a of the grooves 5 and a central ground-contacting surface 9B smoothly connected between the inner groove walls 9A, 9A.
Incidentally, when a normal load is applied to the tyre in the normal state, as shown in Fig. 4, a ground-contacting tread area F where the tread 2 contacts with the ground is obtained. The ground-contacting tread area F has a ground-contacting area Fc of the central part 9 having a thin elliptic form and ground-contacting areas Fs of the shoulder parts 4 having a semicircular form.
Then, the central ground-contacting surface 9B is defined as the part of the tread surface between the circumferential lines e3,e3 passing the axially outer edge of the ground-contacting area Fc. Each of shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 is defined as a part of the tread surface between the circumferential lines e1,e2 passing the axially outer and inner edges of the ground-contacting areas Fs.
The ground-contacting tread width TW is defined as the length between the circumferential lines e1,e1. Widths SW of the shoulder ground-contacting areas Fs, that is, widths of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 are also defined as the lengths between the circumferential lines e1,e2. Each of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 is crossed by an outer groove wall 8 extending radially outside from the outer bottom edge 6b of each of the grooves 5,5, thus, the circumferential grooves 5,5 are defined by the groove bottom 6 and inner and outer groove wall 9A,8. Groove widths GW of the circumferential grooves 5,5 are defined as the length between the circumferential lines e2,e3, and a width CW of the ground-contacting area Fc, that is, a width of the central ground-contacting surface 9B is defined as the length between the circumferential lines e3,e3.
The groove bottom edges 6a,6b may be formed, when the groove bottom 6 is approximately a flat surface as in the embodiment, as bending points between the groove bottom 6 and groove walls 8,9A. When the groove bottom 6 is a concave surface as shown in Figs. 5(A) and 5(B), the groove bottom edges 6a,6b may be formed as bending points or inflection points.
The central ground-contacting surface 9B is substantially in contacting with a virtual tread line 7 connected between the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10.
Here, the expression "substantially in contact" means that the minimum distance between the central ground-contacting surface 9B and the virtual tread line 7 is within 2% of the ground-contacting tread width TW. If it is 2% or more, because the difference between the ground-contacting pressures of the shoulder part and central part is increased, the grip performance is reduced, and the wear resistance is affected. Thus, it should be preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less.
Additionally, the virtual tread line 7 is defined as the arcuate curve of a single radius of curvature which extends between the axially inner edges 12,12 of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 and is in contact with tangent lines to the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 at the axially inner edges 12 thereof. When the tangent is approximately parallel, the virtual tread line 7 is formed as a straight line connecting between the inner edges 12,12.
In the invention, the convex central part 9 provides a sub-tread having a radius of curvature which is comparatively small and a width sufficiently narrower than the tyre's width in the centre of tyre, thus, the hydroplaning phenomenon is prevented, and the wet grip performance is increased.
By reducing the radius of curvature of the central part 9, specifically that of the central ground-contacting surface 9B, the water draining performance to the outside in both directions is increased, and the water clearing effect on a wet road is enhanced.
Incidentally, in the case where the radius of curvature R2 of the virtual tread line 7 is also reduced, the grip performance on a dry road and steering stability in cornering are reduced due to a reduction of ground contact area. Therefore, the radius of curvature R2 should be comparatively large, preferably 3 or more times the ground-contacting tread width TW. It is also allowable for the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 to be approximately a straight line parallel with the tyre's axis. The radius of curvature R2 has its centre on the tyre equatorial plane CL. The shoulder parts 4,4 are provided with an arcuate part with a radius of curvature smaller than the radius of curvature R2 in the vicinity of the axially outer edge of the ground-contacting tread area F.
Figs. 1 and 2 show an example wherein all the surface of the central part 9 is formed by an arc with a single radius of curvature R1 inscribed with the virtual tread line 7. The radius of curvature R1 has its centre on the bisectional plane KL of the central part 9, which is parallel with the tyre equatorial plane CL and passes at the contact point K between the central part 9 and the virtual tread line 7. The profile of the central part 9 is symmetrical about the bisectional plane KL, but since the bisectional plane KL is remote from the tyre equatorial plane CL, the central part 9 becomes asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL.
The radius of curvature R1 is smaller than the radius of curvature R2, and preferably in a range of 0.4 to 1.5 times, more preferably 0.45 to 0.55 times the ground-contacting tread width TW. If it is less than 0.4 times, the width CW of the central ground-contacting surface 9B is too reduced, and the dry grip performance tends to be significantly reduced. If it is more than 1.5 times, the draining effect is insufficient, and the wet grip performance is inferior.
In the shoulder parts 4, it is desirable that the outer groove walls 8 of the respective grooves 5,5 are formed by a relatively steep and non-arcuate line such as a straight line, at an angle ∝ of 0 to 40 degrees, preferably 5 to 25 degrees to a radial line X of tyre, so that an edge effect on a road surface is provided at the inner edges e2 of the shoulder parts 4 with a high ground-contacting pressure to help maintain the dry grip performance by increasing lateral force. The outer groove wall 8 may be connected smoothly to the shoulder ground-contacting surface 10 through a convex curve, or the outer groove wall 8 may be formed as a convex curve similar to the inner groove wall 9A.
In the embodiment, the bisectional plane KL of the central portion 9 is deviated to the right side of the tyre equatorial plane CL in Figs. 1 and 2. Also, the axially inner edges 12, 12 of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 are both apart from the tyre equatorial plane CL by an equidistance, so that the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10 have the same width SW to each other, and that the groove widths GW of the respective circumferential grooves 5,5 are different to each other. In the embodiment, since the inner groove walls 9A,9A are both formed by the same arc, the circumferential grooves 5,5 differ in the width of the groove bottom 6.
Regarding the circumferential grooves 5,5, it was found that a total groove width ratio 2GW/TW of the total groove width 2GW of the circumferential grooves 5,5 to the ground-contact tread width TW affects the cornering power and wet grip performance. Fig. 6 shows the result of measuring the cornering power of a tyre of 205/55 R15 in size with a central part in the form of a single arc as shown in Fig. 1 and a conventional tyre with four circumferential grooves G as shown in Fig. 15 by changing the total groove width ratio ΣGW/TW. For the total groove width ratio, a value of the ratio 2GW/TW was employed for the embodiment, and a value of the ratio (ΣGW)/TW for the conventional example. The cornering power was measured on a drum tester in the normal state. It was shown that the embodiment shows a higher value in comparison with the conventional tyre. This is considered to be because, when the total groove width ratio defined as above is constant, the inner groove wall 9A of the convex curve contributes to increasing the tyre's lateral rigidity.
Fig. 7 shows the result of measuring, in a similar manner, the hydroplaning inducing speed. It was shown that the hydroplaning phenomenon occurred at a higher speed in the embodiment, compared to the conventional tyre. This is considered to be because the circumferential grooves 5,5 form widened parts 5a as shown in Fig. 4 at the front and the back of the ground-contacting centre Q, when the tyre comes in contact with the ground. The widened part 5a increases the draining performance. Incidentally, in the case where the value of the ratio (ΣGW)/TW exceeds 50%, the increasing of the inhibitory effect of the hydroplaning phenomenon is not expected as shown in Fig. 7, and the cornering power becomes insufficient. Therefore, the value of the ratio (ΣGW)/TW is preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 45%.
Also, the widened part 5a prevents occurrence of columnar resonance in the circumferential grooves 5, 5, thereby producing the reduction of tyre noise.
To further enhance the inhibitory effect of air column resonance, the groove widths GW of the respective circumferential grooves 5,5 must be 35 mm or more, preferably 40 mm or more.
At the same time, if the groove widths GW are more than 0.35 times the ground-contact tread width TW, the effects are hardly changed. It is known from the test result in Figs. 8(A),and 8(B) showing the measurement of pass-by noise by varying the groove widths GW at a fixed groove depth of the circumferential grooves 5,5. In Figs. 8(A), 8(B), tyres of 205/55R15 and 225/50R16 in size are tested respectively, and from Figs. 8(A), 8(B), it was found that the pass-by noise reaches the peak at the groove width GW of 7.5 to 25 mm, and then drops suddenly, and an excellent low noise characteristic is noted at 35 mm and over.
Nevertheless, although the tyre of the invention has a high cornering power as shown in Fig. 6, the increase in the groove widths GW causes a decrease in the ground contact area, thereby lowering dry grip performance and steering stability. In addition, the decrease in ground contact area deteriorates the abrasion resistance by increasing the ground contact pressure. Therefore, the groove widths GW are limited to not more than 0.35 times the ground-contact tread width TW from the view points of the dry grip performance, steering stability and abrasion resistance.
Furthermore, in order to prevent deterioration of the steering stability and dry grip performance due to the increase of the groove width, the central ground-contacting surface 9B is formed asymmetrically about the tyre equatorial plane CL by deviating the bisectional plane KL of the central portion 9 from the tyre equatorial plane CL.
Then, by installing the tyre so as to direct the deviating side of the bisectional plane KL, that is the right side of the tyre shown in the embodiment, outwardly of the car, the tread stiffness directed outwards of the car is increased, and a strong lateral force can be exhibited, so that the steering stability, in particular, the turning stability can be enhanced. On the contrary, if the tyre is installed so as to direct the deviating side of the bisectional plane KL inward of the car, high cornering force is not generated and asymmetric property becomes exceeding, so that the steering stability tends to be significantly reduced.
Incidentally, to maintain the dry grip performance, wear resistance and steering stability, the width CW of the central ground-contacting surface 9B is preferably set about 5 to 40 % of the ground-contacting tread width TW, or more preferably 15 to 35 %. A width 9W of the central part 9, or the distance between the inner groove bottom edges 6a, 6a is preferably set about 40 to 55 % of the ground-contacting tread width TW.
Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 12, the surface of the central part 9 is may be formed in an elliptic shape or as a curve approximating to an ellipse.
Each of the widths SW of the respective shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 is preferred to be 0.09 times or more the ground-contacting tread width TW, for example, 15 mm or more in the tyre size 205/55R15. If smaller than 0.09 times, the ground contacting pressure of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 increase unevenly, and an uneven wear occurs.
In the embodiment, the central part 9 is provided with a circumferential narrow groove 20 continuously extending on the central ground-contacting surface 9B, for example on the bisectional plane KL. The circumferential narrow groove 20 has a groove width W1 of 1.5 to 7 mm and a groove depth D1 of 0.4 to 0.9 times the groove depth D of the circumferential grooves 5, 5. The circumferential narrow groove 20 further increases the water draining performance of the central part 9 so as to improve the wet grip performance, and provides a heat radiation effect, while maintaining the high pattern rigidity and low noise characteristics. If the groove width W1 is more than 7.5 mm, and the groove depth D1 is more than 0.9 times the groove depth D, then columnar resonance is caused. If the groove depth D1 is less than 0.4 times the groove depth D, the heat radiation effect is insufficient.
In the embodiment, also, lateral grooves 21 and 22 are provided on the shoulder parts 4 and the central part 9 respectively. The lateral grooves 21 comprise grooves 25 which are terminated at both ends before the circumferential grooves 5,5 and the tread edges E,E and grooves 26 which cross the shoulder parts 4 and connect to the respective circumferential grooves 5,5 and the respective tread edges E,E. The grooves 25 and the grooves 26 are arranged alternately, so that a drop of the rigidity in the shoulder part 4 is prevented and that wet grip performance is improved. The lateral grooves 22 extend from a position of their inner ends spaced from the bisectional plane KL, and outer ends thereof are connected to the circumferential grooves 5,5. Thus, because the lateral groove 22 is spaced from the bisectional plane KL, the rigidity in the central part 9 is maintained, and steering stability is assured. In the lateral grooves 21,22, groove bottoms and inner end walls 21b,22b are substantially parallel to the belt layer 17 and the tyre equatorial plane CL respectively. Also, the groove walls thereof are inclined at an angle of 15 degrees or less to a line radially of the tyre, so that dimensional change of the lateral grooves 21,22 due to wear of the tyre is controlled and drop of wet grip performance is prevented. Incidentally, such other factors as the circumferential groove pitch and the groove depth of the lateral grooves 20,21 are selected according to the required purpose.
Hereinafter, the circumferential grooves 5,5 and inner groove walls 9A,9A are referred to as 51,52 and 91A,92A respectively when distinguishing the right and left, also, the groove widths GW,GW and the widths SW,SW of the shoulder ground-contacting surface are referred to as GW1,GW2 and SW1,SW2 respectively when distinguishing the right and left.
Figs. 9, 10 show another example of the central part which is asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL because of deviating the bisectional plane KL from the tyre equatorial plane CL. In the central part 9, the central ground-contacting surface 9B with the radius of curvature R1 is symmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL, but the profiles of the inner groove walls 91A,92A are different to each other. In this case, the inner groove wall 91A are formed by an arc with a radius of curvature R3a, the inner groove wall 92A is formed by an arc with a radius of curvature R3b larger than the radius of curvatures R1 and R3a, the widths SW1,SW2 of the shoulder ground-contacting surfaces 10,10 are equal, and the groove bottom widths 61W,62W measured between the inner and outer edges 6a,6b are different to each other, so that the groove width GW1 is set to be coincident with the groove width GW2 at early stage of tyre wear. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 16(A), the ground-contacting area F of the tread is symmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL at early stage of tyre wear. In this case, the tyre should be installed so as to direct the groove wall 92A towards the outside of the car body.
When lateral force works on a conventional tyre in cornering, the ground-contacting area F of the tread changes remarkably from Fig. 18(A) to Fig. 18(B). Then, the size of the ground contact area in cornering tends to be rather smaller than that in straight running.
On the contrary, an embodiment tyre having the tread profile of Figs. 1 and 2 prevents reduction of the size of the ground contact area from straight running to cornering as shown in Figs. 17 (A) and 17(B), and is superior to the conventional tyre having the tread profile of Fig 12 in cornering power generated on the drum tester. Then, the embodiment tyre exhibits the steering stability equal to or higher than the conventional tyre having a relatively lower value of the total groove width ΣGW.
In an embodiment tyre having a tread profile of Figs. 9 and 10, the radius of curvature R3b of the groove wall 92A directed toward the outside of the car body is set to be larger than the radius of curvature R1 of the central ground-contacting surface 9B. As the result, the ground contact area Fc of the central ground-contacting surface 9B rather increases smoothly as the lateral force increases in cornering as shown in Figs. 16(A), 16(B), thereby improving the marginal grip performance in addition to giving high steering stability.
On the other hand, when the groove bottom width 62W becomes narrower by increasing the radius of curvature R3b, there are cases where, since the groove width GW2 as well as the groove depth decreases in accordance with the proceeding of tread wear, the deterioration of the hydroplaning resistance becomes remarkable. To prevent such deterioration, in the embodiment, the radius of curvature R3a of the groove wall 91A directed towards the inside of the car body is set to be smaller so as to maintain the total of the groove widths GW1',GW2' in the middle stage of tread wear, thereby securing the hydroplaning resistance at the same level as that of the tyre having a central portion 9 with a single radius R1.
Fig. 11 shows an example of a central part 9 wherein the bisectional plane KL is coincident with the tyre equatorial plane CL. In this case, by changing at least the respective profiles of the inner groove walls 91A,92A to each other, the profile of the central part 9 is made asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL. The central part 9 has the inner groove walls 91A, 92A, of which the radii of curvature R3a, R3b are different to each other, and the central ground-contacting surface 9B being symmetrical about the centre plane JL thereof apart from the tyre equatorial plane CL. The centre plane JL is the plane bisecting the central ground-contacting surface 9B in the tyre axial direction, then, the centre plane JL may be coincident with the tyre equatorial plane CL, as shown in Fig. 13. The embodiment tyres with the tread profile of Fig. 13 as well as Figs. 9, 10, 11 exhibit an effect where the ground contact area Fc increases smoothly as the lateral force increases in cornering so as to improve the marginal grip performance and cornering stability.
In the invention, the central ground-contacting surface 9B is preferably symmetrical about its own centre plane JL, in view of running stability but the central ground-contacting surface 9B may be asymmetrical about its own centre plane JL, as shown in Fig. 14, and by this asymmetric property of the central ground-contacting surface 9B, the profile of the central part 9 may become asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL.
As a detailed example a tyre of 205/55R15 in size was produced according to the specifications shown in Table 1, and measured for pass-by noise, cornering power and a hydroplaning-inducing speed. The results of the measurement were compared and shown in the table. The tyres were tested and measured mounted on the regular rim R and inflated to regular internal pressure.

Claims

A pneumatic tyre (1) comprising a tread part (2) having two circumferential grooves (5,5) continuously extending in the circumferential direction in either side of the tyre's equator so as to divide the tread part (2) into a pair of shoulder parts (4,4), which are located outside outer bottom edges (6b) of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, and a central part (9), which is located between inner bottom edges (6a) of the circumferential grooves in the axial direction of tyre, characterised by the central part (9) having a surface comprising successive convex curves composed of a pair of inner groove walls (9A) extending inside, in the axial direction of tyre, along a curve convex outwardly in the radial direction from the inner bottom edges (6a) of the circumferential grooves (5) and a central ground-contacting surface (9B) smoothly connected between the pair of the inner groove walls (9A), the central ground-contacting surface (9B) being substantially in contact with a virtual tread line (7) between outer surfaces (10) of the shoulder parts, the surface of the central part (9) being asymmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL, and when the tyre (1) is mounted on a regular rim R, inflated with regular internal pressure and applied with normal load, the circumferential grooves (5) have a groove width GW being not less than 35 mm and not more than 0.35 times a ground-contacting width TW of the tread and a bisectional plane KL dividing the central part (9) in two equal widths in the axial direction of tyre being remote from the tyre equatorial plane CL and the central ground-contacting surface (9B) is symmetrical about the tyre equatorial plane CL.
A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1, characterised in that the groove widths GW of the two circumferential grooves (5) are different to each other.
A pneumatic tyre according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the shoulder parts (4) are equal in the ground-contacting width SW in the tyre's axial direction of the shoulder parts (4).