Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
  • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
  • F01M9/02—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00 having means for introducing additives to lubricant
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
  • F01D17/10—Final actuators
  • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
  • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
  • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
  • F01D17/162—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for axial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially perpendicular to the rotor centre line
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
  • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
  • F01D25/162—Bearing supports
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B51/00—Other methods of operating engines involving pretreating of, or adding substances to, combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture of the engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
  • F02B61/04—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers
  • F02B61/045—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving propellers for marine engines

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engines, in particular those operating in self-ignition.
• the present invention applies to engines which, for their operation, consume a known and controlled quantity of oil, used for its lubricating properties.
• Engines are known, for example, with oil consumption regulated as a function of engine operating parameters, such as load or speed; Oil consumption can also be linked to fuel consumption in a certain ratio. Engines operating in this way are for example: two-stroke petrol and pump-crankcase engines, lubricated with lost oil, the oil then being able to be introduced at the intake or else mixed with the fuel in a proportion recommended by the manufacturer.
• wet sump four-stroke type sump
• This consumption can be obtained by a controlled leak of the lubricating oil in the combustion chamber via, for example, a relative seal at the level of the segmentation.
• the dosage of oil consumed by the engine and introduced in a controlled manner into the combustion chamber of an engine is not limited to two-stroke engines, since work is known on the four-stroke dry sump engine serving as a pump. supercharging of air and also lubricated by lost oil.
• lubricants For these different engines, a very large number of lubricants are available on the commercial market. Each lubricant responds to a particular type of engine according to specifications established by engine manufacturers and lubricant manufacturers. For example, for two-stroke engines, low-end and very inexpensive commercial oils are available for very light two-wheel applications (moped). Other lubricants are available for high-performance applications (motorcycles), yet others for marine applications (outboards). These various examples show that each lubricant is intended for a given specific motorization.
• the lubricant when the lubricant is thus consumed in a controlled manner and therefore participates in the combustion of the engine, it can according to the invention be loaded with additives which will make it possible to improve the quality of combustion according to one or more quality criteria such as , for example, the minimum emission of polluting substances, the best efficiency, the best cyclical regularity, cleanliness, ....
• additives are mixed with the fuel and are then intended for specific functions such as reducing pollutant emissions, reducing the formation of soot, the regeneration of filters placed in the exhaust, detergency.
• the document FR 2 702 009, the patent US 4 621 593 or the document EP 269 228 disclose different methods for adding fuel to an engine.
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a new and extremely simple solution for supplying additives to the combustion chamber of engines, for specific applications, the additive not being mixed initially with the fuel but with the lubricant.
• the invention relates to a method of introducing and metering additives into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine consuming a known and controlled quantity of lubricant, method according to which the lubricant consumed comprises at least one additive intended to improve the quality of combustion in said chamber.
• the additive is intended to promote the combustion of an engine operating in controlled self-ignition and to obtain operation over a wider range of engine speed and / or load.
• the additive lubricant is mixed with the fuel by the user.
• the additive lubricant is introduced at the intake of the engine by a specific metering means.
• a particular application of the invention relates to two-stroke engines with a crankcase pump lubricated by lost oil.
• the engine to which the invention applies can be a two-stroke engine having an external compressor, the consumption of lubricant of which is obtained by controlled leaks via the segmentation of the engine.
• the engine may be a four-stroke engine with a lost oil-lubricated pump housing.
• the dosage of the lubricant can be controlled by electronic means as a function of parameters such as the speed, the load, the presence or not of rattling, the operation or not in auto ⁇ ignition ...
• This characteristic therefore allows indirect electronic control of the quantity of additive introduced into the combustion chamber, via the electronic dosing of the lubricant.
• the process according to the invention therefore consists in using an additive lubricant, the formulation of the additive (s) being determined to obtain the required effect on the quality of combustion, and in applying it to an engine in which the consumption of said lubricant is controlled by an adequate metering means (dosing pump, calibrated leak, ).
• the lubricant according to the invention can precisely comprise the quantity of additives which could have been required to participate in the smooth running of the combustion.
• a particularly advantageous example of application of the process according to the invention consists in adding the lubricant of a two-stroke engine so as to promote its operation in self-ignition by extending the operating area of the engine according to this self-ignition process.
• Figures 1 and 2 show curves of the engine power W as a function of their speed RM. In each of these figures we can see the curve Pmax corresponding to the maximum power developed by the motor.
• FIG. 1 shows the operating range of a known two-stroke engine, which is the subject, for example, of patent application FR 2 649 157 filed in the name of the present applicant.
• This known engine has been designed to have the widest possible self-ignition operating zone (1) at low revs and low loads.
• Figure 2 shows the same engine operating range when the lubricant consumed by the engine (in a ratio of approximately 2% of the fuel consumed) contains approximately 10% of additives promoting the controlled self-ignition process.
• This additivation of the lubricant according to the invention makes it possible, in this example, to extend the operating zone in self-ignition towards speeds 100 to 200 revolutions / minutes lower. Indeed, while in known engines (FIG. 1) self-ignition existed for engine speeds greater than around 1,700 rpm, according to the invention (FIG. 2) self-ignition appears from 1,500 rpm, at equal engine power.
• Parameters related to the operation of the engine such as the compression ratio, the internal aerodynamics and the stratification of fresh gas / burnt gas, the temperature and the pressure in the cylinder at the start of compression, ... are known to have a high influence on the auto-ignition operation and on the extent of the speed and load range where it is obtained.
• the extension of the self-ignition operating zone is particularly interesting and sought after because it makes it possible to avoid combustion irregularities, typical in particular of the two-stroke engine at low load and low speed.
• the additive lubricant is mixed with the fuel by the user. This may be the case for two-stroke engines supplied at the fuel tank with a petrol-oil mixture according to a predetermined percentage.
• the additive lubricant is introduced at the intake of the engine.
• This can be the case of two-stroke engines with pump housing called "separate lubrication" where the user fills two tanks, one with fuel the other with lubricant.
• An oil metering system can then mix this oil with the fuel just before feeding the carburetor, or else said metering system can introduce this oil to the engine intake.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9482556

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1995
  • 1995-09-08 FR FR9510798A patent/FR2738594B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1996
  • 1996-07-25 AT AT96927080T patent/ATE207187T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-07-25 EP EP96927080A patent/EP0791130B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-07-25 JP JP9510895A patent/JPH10508925A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1996-07-25 US US08/836,130 patent/US6035815A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-07-25 WO PCT/FR1996/001173 patent/WO1997009518A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-07-25 DE DE69616016T patent/DE69616016T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-07-25 CN CN96191023A patent/CN1077202C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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