EP0785825B1 - Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion - Google Patents
Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0785825B1 EP0785825B1 EP95935491A EP95935491A EP0785825B1 EP 0785825 B1 EP0785825 B1 EP 0785825B1 EP 95935491 A EP95935491 A EP 95935491A EP 95935491 A EP95935491 A EP 95935491A EP 0785825 B1 EP0785825 B1 EP 0785825B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- annuli
- transmitter
- rings
- decoupling
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 5
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0662—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface
- B06B1/0674—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element with an electrode on the sensitive surface and a low impedance backing, e.g. air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
- B06B1/0622—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements on one surface
- B06B1/0633—Cylindrical array
Definitions
- the present invention relates to acoustic transmitters submarines used under significant immersions, up to example 1000 m. These acoustic transmitters can be used to perform underwater tracking using the sonar technique.
- the ceramic rings of diameter R and thickness e are subjected to hydrostatic pressure, the radial component of which generates in the ceramic a stress itself amplified by a factor R / e .
- this amplification factor is of the order of 10 for a depth of 1000 m and we therefore obtain a stress of radial origin of the order of 10 8 Pascals.
- the invention proposes a transmitter underwater acoustics according to the appended claims.
- the two piezoelectric ceramic rings 101 and 102 shown in Figure 1 are formed in this embodiment by segments 103 alternately polarized in one direction and in the other according to the circumference of the rings. These polarizations are represented by arrows 104. These segments comprise between them radial electrodes which are supplied by connections 105 so as to make them contract and expand according to the signals applied by these connections. Under these conditions, the ring widens and shrinks so radial to the rhythm of these signals. This radial movement is represented by arrows 106.
- the invention proposes to separate these two rings by a ring intermediary 107, which rather presents in the case of the figure the form of a washer because its thickness in this embodiment is clearly narrower than its width.
- Such a decoupling ring must have characteristics relatively contradictory mechanics. Indeed, it must resist the residual axial pressure so as not to crush excessively, this which normally corresponds to a relatively high hardness (the residual nature of this axial pressure will be explained later in the text). On the other hand, it must have a low shear impedance vis-à-vis the shear impedance of ceramic rings, so as to obtain an effective decoupling, which normally corresponds to relatively high elasticity, therefore at a rather low hardness.
- the invention proposes to make the intermediate decoupling rings according to a three-layer structure shown in Figure 2.
- This three-layer structure is formed by an internal layer 201 hard and rigid surrounded by two external layers 202 and 203 flexible and elastic. In this way, the inner layer opposes the crushing while the outer layers allow relatively free play of ceramic rings with respect to each other.
- This characteristic is obtained, which corresponds to an impedance in low shear, by playing on the characteristics (modulus of shear, Poisson's ratio, losses) of the materials that constitute this ring and on the dimensions (thickness, height, diameter) of the three layers.
- the characteristics module of shear, Poisson's ratio, losses
- the materials that constitute this ring and on the dimensions (thickness, height, diameter) of the three layers.
- we can dynamically optimize the characteristics of this intermediate ring by modeling it, in a manner known in the art, on a mass-spring principle in which the two external layers 202 and 203 act as springs providing the necessary compliance and inner layer plays the role of the mass providing the desired inert.
- This transmitter therefore consists of a stack of rings in piezoelectric ceramic 101 separated by decoupling rings 301.
- these rings have been shown in one piece for needs for simplification, while their structure is of course that of Figure 2.
- the internal diameter of these decoupling rings is here more smaller than the internal diameter of the ceramic rings, which allows come to embed them in an external circular groove made in rubber centering rings 302.
- the external diameter of these centering rings is equal to the internal diameter of the rings ceramic.
- This assembly is then threaded onto an internal tube 303, the external diameter is equal to the internal diameter of the centering rings 302.
- these rings 302 also make it possible to decouple the vibration of the ceramic rings from the tube 303.
- This tube ends at its base with an external shoulder 304 on which installs the last decoupling ring and the last centering ring.
- the tube also ends at the top with an internal shoulder 305.
- top tape 307 which constitutes the top of the transmitter and which comes to rest on the shoulder internal 305 and on the first upper decoupling ring and the first upper centering ring.
- the internal tube 303 supports most of the stresses due to the pressure exerted on the lower stages 306 and superior 307.
- the force applied by these tapes on the rings of lower and upper end decoupling and therefore on the set of ceramic rings and other rings of decoupling is then considerably reduced and is essentially limited to the prestressing value obtained during assembly using the tube 303 as a prestressing rod for prestressing to a low value and control the stacking of ceramics, so as to obtain characteristics acoustic reproducible in air and water.
- this tube internal 303 in a composite material formed of fibers wound with a very small angle of inclination relative to the vertical axis of this tube, as shown schematically in Figure 4.
- These fibers will immobilized inside a holding matrix.
- a carbon / resin type material which we know performances are currently among the best available.
- the ceramic rings and the decoupling rings are identical.
- the invention proposes to use decoupling rings whose height and possibly the constitution are variable from one to the other in order to modify the decoupling between the ceramic rings according to their position in the transmitter.
- This decoupling modification allows modify the radial velocities of movement of ceramics, i.e. the relative amplitudes of emission of the acoustic waves from the rings relative to each other.
- the shape of the radiation pattern of the transmitter depends a lot of this speed profile, especially when it comes to attenuation of the side lobes.
- the profile thus obtained can therefore be adapted to the operational conditions in which one wishes to use the transmitter.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1, une vue de dessus et de côté en coupe de deux anneaux piézo-électriques séparés par un anneau de découplage ;
- la figure 2, une vue en coupe de l'anneau de découplage de la figure 1 ;
- la figure 3, une vue en coupe verticale d'un émetteur selon l'invention ; et
- la figure 4, une vue en coupe d'une partie du tube interne de l'émetteur de la figure 3.
Claims (5)
- Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion, du type comprenant un ensemble d'anneaux piézo-électriques (101,102) empilés pour former un cylindre émetteur, qui est enfilé sur un tube (303) supportant à ses deux extrémités des tapes (306,307), caractérisé en ce que le coefficient élastique du tube est beaucoup plus faible que celui de l'empilage d'anneaux piézo-électriques et que ses dimensions sont telles qu'il supporte l'essentiel des efforts dus à la pression qui s'exerce sur les tapes à ses extrémités pour protèger l'empilage des anneaux des efforts dus à la pression, et en ce qu'il comprend en outre un ensemble d'anneaux de découplage (301) insérés respectivement entre les anneaux piézo-électriques et dont l'efficacité provient de la réduction des contraintes axiales due au tube résistant (303).
- Emetteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les anneaux de découplage ont une structure tricouche comprenant une couche interne (201) dure et rigide et deux couches externes (202,203) souples et élastiques.
- Emetteur selon la revendications 2, caractérisé en ce la couche interne est en polyéthylène et la couche externe en néoprène.
- Emetteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les épaisseurs des anneaux de découplage (301) sont différentes entre elles pour obtenir une pondération de l'émission des anneaux piézo-électriques (101) en fonction de leur emplacement selon la hauteur de l'antenne.
- Emetteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le tube interne (303) est formé d'un composite carbone/résine.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9412285 | 1994-10-14 | ||
| FR9412285A FR2725868B1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 | 1994-10-14 | Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion |
| PCT/FR1995/001350 WO1996011752A1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-10-13 | Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0785825A1 EP0785825A1 (fr) | 1997-07-30 |
| EP0785825B1 true EP0785825B1 (fr) | 1999-03-31 |
Family
ID=9467866
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95935491A Expired - Lifetime EP0785825B1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 | 1995-10-13 | Emetteur acoustique sous-marin pour grande immersion |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5784341A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0785825B1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU696506B2 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69508779T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2725868B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1996011752A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006013220B3 (de) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-08-02 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Streifenschwinger |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3444508A (en) * | 1967-09-08 | 1969-05-13 | Sparton Corp | Directional sonar system |
| US3781781A (en) * | 1972-07-21 | 1973-12-25 | Us Navy | Piezoelectric transducer |
| FR2219598B1 (fr) * | 1973-02-23 | 1978-12-01 | Thomson Csf | |
| FR2647909B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-02 | 1992-04-30 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif de correction des signaux fournis par les hydrophones d'une antenne et antenne de sonar utilisant un tel dispositif |
| FR2656720B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-29 | 1992-03-20 | Thomson Csf | Reflecteur d'ondes acoustiques pouvant fonctionner sous une forte immersion. |
| US5099460A (en) * | 1990-08-13 | 1992-03-24 | Seabeam Instruments, Inc. | Sonar transducer |
| FR2691596B1 (fr) * | 1992-05-22 | 1995-04-28 | Thomson Csf | Antenne acoustique sous-marine à capteur surfacique. |
-
1994
- 1994-10-14 FR FR9412285A patent/FR2725868B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-10-13 US US08/817,092 patent/US5784341A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-13 DE DE69508779T patent/DE69508779T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-13 AU AU37492/95A patent/AU696506B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-10-13 WO PCT/FR1995/001350 patent/WO1996011752A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-13 EP EP95935491A patent/EP0785825B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0785825A1 (fr) | 1997-07-30 |
| DE69508779D1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
| FR2725868B1 (fr) | 1997-01-03 |
| WO1996011752A1 (fr) | 1996-04-25 |
| US5784341A (en) | 1998-07-21 |
| FR2725868A1 (fr) | 1996-04-19 |
| DE69508779T2 (de) | 1999-10-07 |
| AU696506B2 (en) | 1998-09-10 |
| AU3749295A (en) | 1996-05-06 |
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