EP0784563A1 - High speed sailing device - Google Patents
High speed sailing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP0784563A1 EP0784563A1 EP95901630A EP95901630A EP0784563A1 EP 0784563 A1 EP0784563 A1 EP 0784563A1 EP 95901630 A EP95901630 A EP 95901630A EP 95901630 A EP95901630 A EP 95901630A EP 0784563 A1 EP0784563 A1 EP 0784563A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extension
- hull
- support
- sailing
- sailing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/02—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement
- B63B1/10—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls
- B63B1/12—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly
- B63B1/125—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving lift mainly from water displacement with multiple hulls the hulls being interconnected rigidly comprising more than two hulls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
- B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
- B63B2015/0033—Multipodded masts, e.g. tripod-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
- B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
- B63B2015/005—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull
- B63B2015/0075—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull with mast foot adapted for being moved, e.g. athwartship
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sailing device comprising a hull structure, a fin structure and a sail system.
- the sail system is arranged to be trimmed with its foot portion to leeward of its upper portion and for generating a wind resultant force including an upward lift.
- Such a sailing device in form of a sailing craft is described in International Patent Application WO86/07325.
- this sailing craft can in principle carry more sail at a given wind velocity, because the lift component of the wind resultant force generated by the sail is operative along a line (vector) to leeward of the centre of gravity of the device and therefore counteracts the heeling moment generated by the combination of the lateral components of the wind resultant force and the water resistance.
- the described sailing craft is a proa comprising two rudders at opposite ends of an outrigger, each of the rudders being provided with fins for generating hydrodynamic upward lift.
- this object is achieved by adapting the fin structure of a sailing device of the initially described type for generating a lift having a downward component .
- the fin structure is preferably provided in form of a hydrodynamic fin or an assembly of hydrodynamic fins.
- the fin structure is preferably provided in form of an aerodynamic fin or an assembly of aerodynamic fins.
- the fins can be of a design similar to that used in racing cars to obtain so-called downforce and preferably make use of ground-effect in the form of a vacuum generated under the hull.
- the fin structure and the sail system are arranged, such that the upward lift genereated by the sail is operative along a line to leeward of a line along which the downward forces generated by the fin structure are operative.
- the combination of upward lift generated by the sail and downward lift generated by the fin structure counteracts the heeling moment of the horizontal component of the wind resultant forces and the resistance of the device.
- the sail system may comprise a kite freely flown at a line connected to the hull structure. It is then reliably ensured that the heeling moment exerted onto the device remains within certain manageable limits.
- the hull structure preferably comprises a hull and an extension movable between a position projecting to port of the hull and a position projecting to starboard of the hull.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a presently most preferred embodiment of a sailing device according to the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a side view of an assembly comprising the hull structure and a fin structure of the sailing device shown in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 3 is a front view of the assembly shown in Fig. 2;
- Fig. 4 is a side view of the fin structure of the assembly shown in Fig. 2 ;
- Fig. 5 is a side view of an alternative fin structure
- Fig. 6 is a schematic top view of the sail system
- Figs. 7A and 7B are schematic top plan views showing the upwind starboard and port tack configurations of the sailing device according to Fig, 1;
- Fig. 8 is a side view of a support hull
- Fig. 9 is a front view of a second embodiment of the sailing device according to the invention.
- Fig. 10 is a front view of a third embodiment of the sailing device according to the invention.
- Fig. 11 is a side view in cross-section of a hull of an ice-sailer according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 the position in which the craft is shown in Fig. 1 is not an operative position, but a position chosen to clearly show the most relevant parts of the shown embodiment of th invention. Operative positions are shown in Figs. 7A and 7B and discuss hereinafter.
- the sailing craft shown in Figs. 1-3, 6 and 7 comprises hull structure 1, a fin structure 2 and a sail system 3 havi a foot portion 4 and an upper portion 5.
- the sail system 3 i arranged to be trimmed with its foot portion 4 to leeward of its upper portion 5 and for generating a wind resultant forc including an upward lift component.
- the fin structure 2 is provided with a vertical main fin 6 and two laterally projecting secondary fins 7 for generating a lift having a downward component .
- the hull structure 1 comprises a hull 8 and an extension 9 movable between a position projecting to port of the main hull 8 and a position projecting to starboard of the main hul 8. These extreme positions of the extensions 9, which are to be used during sailing upwind on the starboard and the port tack, are shown in Fig. 7A and 7B respectively.
- the foot portion 4 of the sail system 3 is attached to the extension 9 and movable between a port end portion 10 of the extension 9 and a starboard end portion 11 of the extension 9.
- the sail system 3 is trimmed to lean with its upper portion 5 to windward by holding its foot portion 4 in a position to leeward of hull 8
- the sail will generate an upward lift component operativ along a line passing to leeward of the hull 8. Since the extension 9 and the sail system 3 are relatively light compared with the hull 8, this means that the line along whic O 96/11840 PC17NL94/00251
- the upward lift generated by the sail system 3 therefore results in a moment counteracting the heeling moment caused by the horizontal components of the wind resultant force and the water resistance. If the sail system 3 is powerful enough, the upward lift generated thereby can be larger than the gravity force exerted onto the craft, since the downward lift generated by the secondary fins 7 pulls the craft down. This in turn makes it possible to sail with larger wind resultant forces operating at a given angle than without hydrodynamic fins for pulling the craft down and therefore also with larger driving forces, which in turn make it possible for the craft to .achieve higher speeds .
- the fin structure 2 and the sail system 3 are arranged, such that in use the upward lift component generated by the sail system 3 is operative along a line to leeward of a line along which the downward component generated by the fin structure 2 is operative.
- the downward force generated by the fin structure 2 also contributes to counteracting the heeling moment caused by the lateral wind resultant force and the resistance of the craft in the water.
- the centre of gravity may also be to leeward of the line along which the upward component of the wind resultant force is operative. The craft is then mainly pulled down by the fin structure 2.
- the extension 9 which is movable from one side of the hull 8 to the other, provides a well controlled mounting facility for the foot portion 4 of the sail system 3, which can be spaced relatively far from the hull 8 and which only projects at the lateral side of the hull at which the foot of the sail system 3 is carried.
- the extension 9 is pivotable about a vertical axis 12 extending through a mid plane of the hull 8. This allows to trim the extension 9 into a more forward position if it is desired to sail more off the wind. This is particularly advantageous during reaching off the wind, because the forwar position of the extension 9 allows to bring the line along which the upward lift generated by the sail system 3 is operative forward of the centre of gravity of the craft in order to counteract diving of the bow of the craft .
- the hull structure 1 further comprises two extension support hulls 13, 14 spaced from the main hull 8 and spaced apart from each other at opposite sides of the extension 9 for supporting the extension 9 during sailing.
- the support hulls 13 and 14 increase the leeward heeling moment the craft can be subjected to without heeling so far that the extension 9 submerges. Submersion of the extension 9 while sailing at high speed would cause the craft to turn sharply to leeward and the substantial water resistance encountered by the extension as it dives in can easily cause damage to the vessel.
- the craft can also be provided with a single extension support hull, which may for example be preferable if the hull has a relatively great length so there is relatively little need for counteracting pitching of the craft .
- the main hull 8 and the extension support hulls 13, 14 are positioned in a triangular configuration, so that the craft is on the one hand stable, and on the other hand torsional moments between the hulls during sailing in rough seas are kept to a minimum.
- the foot 4 of the sail system 3 is movable from a part 10 of the extension 9 at the side of one of the extension support hulls 13 to a part 11 of the extension 9 at the side of the other one of the extension support hulls 14.
- the foot 4 of the sail can be held in a position almost transversely to leeward of the main hull 8 and near one of the support hulls 13, 14 while the other support hull 14 resp. 13 is held in a position essentially in front of the main hull 8.
- This is best shown in Figs. 7A and 7B.
- the craft is particularly effectively supported against heeling by the leeward support hull 13 or 14 and particularly effectively supported against diving by the forward support hull 14 respectively 13.
- the sail system 3 is carried by a support structure 15 comprising a main support rod 16 having a foot 17 at a corner 18 of the extension 9 adjacent the main hull 8 and two secondary rods 19, 20 each having a foot 21, 22 at a corner 11 resp. 10 of the extension 9 adjacent one of the extension support hulls 14 resp. 13.
- the support rods 16, 19, 20 converge to each other and are joined together at a level above the extension 9.
- the support rods 16, 19, 20 are hollow tubes, preferably made of carbon fibre composite material.
- the sail system 3 further comprises an unstayed mast 23 carrying a sail 24.
- the sail system 3 is supported between it foot 4 and its top 5 by the support structure 15.
- the mast 23 is connected to the support structure 15 between its foot 25 and its top 26 via a traveller 27 which is movable along a rail 28 extending along a portion of the mast 23.
- a traveller 27 which is movable along a rail 28 extending along a portion of the mast 23.
- the mast 23 is preferably trimmed in a virtually vertical orientation to maximize the projected sail area and to maximize the effectiveness of the sail system 3.
- One of the challenges of a crew of the proposed craft is to sail at different wind and water conditions with the sail 24 as vertical as possible, so that the driving force of the sail 24 is maximal, while capsizing is avoided.
- the secondary support rods 19, 20 form a raked A-shaped structure supported by the main support rod 16.
- the A-shaped structure 19, 20 is adjustable by adjusting at which position along the main support rod 16 the A-shaped structure 19, 20 meets the main support rod 16. If the rake of the A-shaped structure 19, 20 is increased, the sail 24 is further inclined to windward. This facility is particularly useful for obtaining a more vertical orientation of the wind resultant force and a reduced projected sail area in very strong winds.
- the foot portion 4 of the sail system 3 is movable from a corner area 10, 11 of the triangle adjacent one of the extension support hulls 14 resp. 13 via a corner area 17 of the triangle adjacent the main hull 8 to a corner area 11 resp. 10 of the triangle adjacent the other one of the extension support hulls 14 resp. 13.
- a traveller 29 which is guided by rails 30.
- a sheet (not shown) for controlling the angle of attack of the sail 24 is released and simultaneously, the foot 25 of the mast 23 is pulled toward the corner 17 of the extension 9 adjacent the main hull 8.
- the sail 24 is generally displaced abaft of the main hull 8, which facilitates luffing into the wind.
- the foot 25 of the mast 23 is moved away from the corner of the extension 9 adjacent the main hull 8 to the corner 11 of the extension 9 in front of the main hull 8.
- the sail 24 is moved forwar which facilitates bearing away to the new upwind course shown in Fig. 7B.
- the extension 9 is pivoted to leeward to obtain the position shown in Fig. 7B.
- the pivoting to leeward of the extension 9 is supported by the wind resultant force exerted onto the sail system 3.
- the extension support hulls 13, 14 are each pivotable relative to the extension 9 about a steering axis 30, 31 so the orientation of the extension support hulls 13, 14 can be adapted to the course of the craft and the position of the extension 9 relative to the main hull 8.
- each of the extension support hulls 13, 14 has a centre of resistance abaft of steering axis 30, 31, so that the extension support hulls 13, 14 can automatically pivot into the course the craft is sailing.
- extension support hulls 13, 14 are each pivotable relative to the extension 9 about a transversal axis 58 allowing pitching of the extension support hulls 13, 14 relative to the extension 9.
- the extension support hulls 13, 14 each have a generally flat bottom 59 to form hydrofoils so the resistance at high speeds is reduced and the loads the extension support hulls 13, 14 can carry at speed are increased.
- the support hulls 13, 14 are each connected to a spring 60, urging the aft end of the support hull 13, 14 down, so that at high speeds and low loads of the support hulls the wetted surface of the support hulls 13, 14 is reduced.
- the support hulls 13, 14 form a resilient suspension of the extension 9, which ia advanatgeous in rough seas and during landing after jumps .
- dampers 61 are mounted between the support hulles and the extension 9.
- the support hulls 13, 14 are each provided with a fin 62.
- the direction in which the forward support hull 13, 14 points is controlled by steering arms 74, 75, either by steering the forward support hull 13, 14 or by fixing it in a position in-line with the main hull 8.
- the leeward support hull 13, 14 is left free to pivot and follow the course of the craft.
- the main hull 8 is lifted out of the water, the leeward support hull 13, 14 provides virtually no lateral resistance, so the craft can drift to leeward. This causes a substantial reduction of the lateral wind resultant forces, so the craft will generally drop back to its normal sailing position.
- the fin structure 2 comprises a rudder blade 32 which is controlled via a rudder pin 33 comprising a universal joint 34 and connected to a steering bar 35.
- the secondary fins 7 are each pivotable about an axis 36 and may be controlled via bars 37, 38 by pivoting the steering bar 35 about a transversal axis 39 coinciding the universal joint 34 as indicated by arrow 40.
- the fins 7 can be operated to lift the craft out of the water at lower speeds and to pull the craft into the water as the upward lift generated by the sail system 3 threatens to lift the hull 8 out of the water.
- a particularly spectacular feature of the operable fins 7 is that, in stronger winds, the fins 7 can deliberately be operated to lift the craft quickly out of the water to make jumps. In flight, the craft can be stabilized by suitable movements of the crew.
- the rods 37, 38 are connected via a third rod 41 pivotable about a transversal axis 42 to a water surface sensing member 43 such that, during sailing, the downward angle of the secondary fins 7 relative to the hull structure 8 - i.e. also the angle of attack - is increased if the water surface sensing member 43 looses contact with the water surface and moves downward.
- the level of the main hull 8 relative to the water surface is automatically controlled. This level can be controlled to be such that the main hull 8 is spaced from the water surface to reduce the water resistance.
- the stability of the craft is nevertheless maintained by the extension support hulls 13, 14 at the far ends of the extension 9.
- the sail system comprises a wishbone-shaped boom 44 of flexible material, preferably a composite of carbon fibre and epoxy resin.
- An outhaul line 45 interconnects the free ends of the boom 44 and is threaded through the aft end of the sail 24 and through one of the legs of the wishbone-shaped boom 44. If the outhaul line 45 is tensioned, the boom 44 is pulled into a configuration shown in dotted lines and the camber of the sail 24 is reduced. The stronger the wind, the more the outhaul should be tensioned.
- the sail structure comprises a kite 46, attached to the hull 8 by freely pivotable lines 47, 48.
- the fin structure 2 consists of a single fin 49 which is laterally pivotable between a position shown in full lines and a position shown in dots and dashes.
- the angle of the fin 49 can be adjusted dependent of the angle of the lines 47, 48 and the forces exerted by the kite 46.
- the fin is also tiltable about a longitudinal axis to obtain a particularly effective downward lift.
- the lines 47, 48 are attached to the hull 8 via a traveller 50 which is transversely slidable along a rail 51. By moving the traveller to leeward the resultant force of the lines 47, 48 can be brought as close as possible to the centre of water resistance of the craft, which is generally spaced below the hull 8.
- Fig. 10 an embodiment of the craft according to the invention is shown in which The extension 9 is laterally slidable between the positions projecting to port and to starboard of the hull 8.
- the foot 25 of the mast 23 is movable along a line 52 between the ends 10, 11 of the extension 9.
- the angle of attack of the sail is controlled via a main sheet 53.
- a connection 54 of the mast 23 to a support rod 55 is moved upward along a rail 56.
- the downward lift generated by the fin strusctures operates along a line 71 to windward of the line 69 along which the upward component of the wind resultant force generated buy the sail system 3 operates.
- the upward lif of the sail system 3 and the downward lift of the fin structure 2 contribute to counteracting the heeling moment resulting from the lateral components 72, 73 of the wind resultant force and the water resistance.
- a helmsman or crew 57 should preferably be seated at the windward side of the hull 8 and hang out as in conventional dinghy.
- the transversal position of the crew 57 facilitates lateral balancing of the boat.
- the extension 9 is curved with a constant radius so that, on the one hand, the projecting end 10 or 11 is higher above the water surface ar. ⁇ , on the other hand, facilitate lateral sliding of the extensio 9.
- the inclination to windward of the sail system 3 may also be controlled in other manners, for example by a hydraulic cylinder mounted between the support structure 15 and the mast 23 in a position spaced from the connection 54 of the mast 23 to a support rod 55 of the support structure 15.
- a hull 8 of an ice-sailer according to the invention is shown which is fully integrated with the fin structure 2 into a fin-hull or wing-hull 2, 8.
- the basic configuration of the hull 8 and the extension 9 is similar to that of the sailing craft shown in Figs. 1-4 and 6-8, but instead of support hulls, support skates are provided.
- the hull 8 has a basically wing-shaped cross-section with lateral skirts 63 and a bottom 64 which rises from the front to the rear of the hull 8.
- the direction of attack of the apparent wind during sailing is mainly from the direction in which the device is moving, so during sailing a vacuum is generated under the hull or body 8.
- This vacuum pulls the hull 8 to the ice, so sails which generate an upward lift greater than the weight of the sailing device can be carried.
- the hull 8 is supported by fixed skates 65, 66. To steer the ice-sailer, the orientation of the extension 9 relative to the hull 8 is varied.
- the hull 8 is further provided with a seat 67 for a helmsman.
- the skates 65 and 66 and also the skates supporting the extension 9 may be replaced by wheels to obtain a sailing cart or by skis to obtain a sailing sledge.
- the features of the invention relating to the rigging and the support of the sail system can as such also advantageously be applied in a device without a fin structure adapted for generating downward lift if the lift generated by the sail system remain low enough to be counteracted by the weight of the device and any persons and cargo on board.
- the ability to laterally project the foot of the sail relatively far to leeward is the more advantageous the larger the sails are.
- sails powerful enough to generate an upward lifting force larger than the gravity force exerted onto the device are relatively large.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NL1994/000251 WO1996011840A1 (en) | 1994-10-12 | 1994-10-12 | High speed sailing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0784563A1 true EP0784563A1 (en) | 1997-07-23 |
EP0784563B1 EP0784563B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
Family
ID=19863850
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95901630A Expired - Lifetime EP0784563B1 (en) | 1994-10-12 | 1994-10-12 | High speed sailing device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0784563B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1078795A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69419783D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1996011840A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2769581A1 (en) | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-16 | Arnaud Yves Rene Soustre | Variable geometry mast for multi-hull boat |
TR200804251A2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2009-12-21 | Murat Işikman Feyzi̇ | A means of transportation. |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3762353A (en) * | 1971-09-09 | 1973-10-02 | S Shutt | High speed sailboat |
FR2409184A1 (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1979-06-15 | Biart Jean Pierre | Sailing vessel mast mounting - consists of bipod allowing mast to be at angle when hull is upright |
SU1544641A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1990-02-23 | Arutyunyan Georg G | Sail vessel |
US5113775A (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1992-05-19 | Imhoff Robert W | Aero hydrofoil sail boat |
US5134950A (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1992-08-04 | Innovative Marine Technology, Inc. | Sailboat |
-
1994
- 1994-10-12 EP EP95901630A patent/EP0784563B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-12 DE DE69419783T patent/DE69419783D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-12 WO PCT/NL1994/000251 patent/WO1996011840A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-10-12 AU AU10787/95A patent/AU1078795A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9611840A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1078795A (en) | 1996-05-06 |
WO1996011840A1 (en) | 1996-04-25 |
EP0784563B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
DE69419783D1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
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