EP0781961B1 - Brûleur comportant un dispositif de pulvérisation d'un combustible liquide par un gaz de pulvérisation - Google Patents
Brûleur comportant un dispositif de pulvérisation d'un combustible liquide par un gaz de pulvérisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0781961B1 EP0781961B1 EP96402858A EP96402858A EP0781961B1 EP 0781961 B1 EP0781961 B1 EP 0781961B1 EP 96402858 A EP96402858 A EP 96402858A EP 96402858 A EP96402858 A EP 96402858A EP 0781961 B1 EP0781961 B1 EP 0781961B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- skirt
- passage
- head
- liquid fuel
- atomizing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 43
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
- F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
- F23D11/104—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet intersecting at a sharp angle, e.g. Y-jet atomiser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0483—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with gas and liquid jets intersecting in the mixing chamber
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a burner comprising a device for spraying a liquid fuel, of the type comprising two separate fuel supply passages liquid and spray gas, coaxial in their together, and a spray head extending said passages, said head being provided for each fluid from one or more conduits which converge in one or more nozzles provided in the head and opening out in a combustion zone in which the nozzles release a mixture of the sprayed liquid fuel and spray gas, which head is kept at the end of the coaxial passages by a nut screwed on the wall of the exterior passage.
- an oxy-fuel burner liquid using a device to spray fuel liquid and substantially pure oxidizer say containing at least 85% O2, preferably pure oxygen, such as that produced by a unit VSA type adsorption or preferably that produced by a cryogenic oxygen production unit.
- the oxidizing gas may include other gases, including inert gases such as nitrogen (up to 15% vol.), argon (in general not more than 5% vol.) mixtures of these two gases or any other suitable gas.
- Such spraying devices are already known and are generally referred to as “atomizers in Y i ”or“ Y sprayers ”.
- liquid fuel for example fuel
- spray gas for example steam of water or air
- the spray device In the case of a burner using fuel and oxygen, the spray device is mounted in the center of an oxygen vein. The escaping fuel by the thread of the nut ignites locally raising temperature above 1000 ° C, severely damaging the device.
- US-A-5431559 describes a staged combustion burner, that is to say comprising a first combustion zone of oxygen with a fuel delivered coaxially in a block, while combustion is continued in a second area supplied with oxygen through openings devices in the block, the first area being more rich in fuel than in oxidizing, this excess of fuel is then burnt with oxygen additional sent to the second zone.
- the invention aims to provide a device for spraying of the aforementioned type not having the disadvantages mentioned above, the reliability of which is increased and whose manufacture is simple and inexpensive.
- the invention relates to a burner such as defined in claim 1.
- the spray device 10 shown in Figure 1 includes a spray head 12 mounted at the end of a fitting 14 by through a nut 16. It is usually X-X axis revolution, the spray head being assumed at the front.
- the connector 14 is welded to the ends of two coaxial pipes 18, 20.
- the inner pipe 18 supplies the sprayer with fuel liquid, fuel oil for example, from a source under pressure 18A.
- the external pipe 20 supplies the spray gas device, steam by example, from a 20A pressure source.
- the connector 14 is formed by a sleeve of axis X-X having an axial cylindrical passage 22. This passage is intended to supply head 12 in liquid fuel.
- the sleeve is also crossed right through with a crown of twelve holes longitudinal 24 arranged at the periphery of the passage 22. These holes 24 are intended to supply the head 12 in spray gas.
- the thickness of the sleeve is reduced externally in its rear part, so that the passage 22 extends beyond the holes 24.
- the part rear of passage 22 is bounded by a section of link 26 comprising an end skirt 28 intended to be engaged in line 18. The latter is welded by an annular weld bead 30 to the section 26.
- the sleeve has, at the holes 24, an external allowance 32 having a chamfer rear 34 against which the pipe 20 is welded by an annular weld bead 36.
- a thread 38 is formed at the front on the wall outside of the sleeve for screwing the nut 16.
- the spray head 12 is generally X-X axis revolution. It has a block at the front spray 40 extended at the back by a skirt 42 received in passage 22.
- the spray block 40 is formed by a cylinder solid metal in which six are housed 44 cylindrical spray nozzles having a 2.4 mm diameter. These lead to the front surface 46 of the spray unit in the area combustion. They form an angle of about 15 ° with the X-X axis. The periphery of the front surface 46 onto which the nozzles 44 open is frustoconical, so that the nozzles open perpendicularly to this surface.
- the nozzles 44 are extended rearwards by conduits 48 of reduced diameter, for example 1.6 mm. These conduits 48 open in the vicinity of the axis X-X inside the space delimited by the skirt 42. They are intended to convey fluid fuel to nozzles 44.
- Conduits 50 for supplying the spray gas open at their front ends laterally to inside the nozzles 44 and at their rear end in an annular groove 52 surrounding the skirt 42.
- the diameter of this groove corresponds substantially to diameter of the drilling crown 24.
- the conduits 50 have a diameter identical to that of the conduits 48.
- the spray block 40 externally has a diameter section reduced 54 thus delimiting a side wall cylindrical 55 of circular section extended by a shoulder 56.
- the skirt 42 has a substantially outer diameter equal to the inside diameter of passage 22.
- a O-ring seal 58 is arranged in a groove 60 formed externally at the distal end of the skirt 42.
- Complementary grooves 62 are arranged on the outer wall of the skirt 42 over the entire length thereof between its distal end and its proximal end where it is connected to the spray block 40.
- the length of the skirt 42 is more than double of its outside diameter and is for example like represented in the figures, equal to four times this diameter.
- the nut 16 has a thread at the rear interior 64 intended to cooperate with thread 38. It has a peripheral inward edge 66 at the front intended to cooperate with the shoulder 56 to maintain the head 12 at the end of the connector 14. Two flats 67 (not shown in Figure 1) are provided on the outer wall of the nut to allow its training with an open-end wrench.
- longitudinal holes 68 for example example six in number, are practiced in the nut 16. They lead on the one hand to the front face of the nut and secondly in an inner groove 69 provided immediately in front of thread 64 to the interface between the spray head 12 and the outer wall of the longitudinal holes 24.
- the fitting 14 is axially welded to the end of the inner pipe 18 then at the end of the outer pipe 20.
- the skirt 42 provided with the seal 58 inside the passage 22.
- a flat seal 70 is interposed at the interface between the rear of the block spray 40 and the front of fitting 14 outside of the annular groove 52. This joint has a diameter greater than the ring of holes 24 and a thickness substantially equal to the width of the groove 69.
- the nut 16 is then mounted on the block of spray 40 and is screwed onto thread 38. It maintains the head 12 at the end of the connector 14 of so that on the one hand, the conduits 48 communicate with the central feed passage 22 in fluid fuel, and on the other hand, the conduits 50 communicate through the groove 52 with the holes 24 gas supply peripherals of spray.
- the fuel liquid and spray gas are routed separately to the nozzles 44 where the liquid fuel is sprayed under the pressure of the gas spray.
- the liquid fuel can be supplied with a flow rate of 360 kg / h under a pressure of 3 to 4 bars relative, while the gas of spray is supplied at a pressure of 5 bars relative.
- the length of the skirt 42 introduced in the passage 22 for supplying fluid fuel limits the risk of fuel leaking to the ring of spray gas. This watertightness is also guaranteed by the seal 58 and the grooves 62 which create successive pressure drops along the skirt 42.
- the skirt 42 is provided externally at its proximal end of a thread exterior 100 intended to cooperate with a thread complementary 102 formed at the front end of the passage 22.
- the thread 100 extends over approximately one third of the length of the skirt 42. This arrangement particular allows the screwing of the head spray 12 on fitting 14, further improving the seal between the passage 22 and the skirt 42. It also supports the head in the event of loss of the nut 16.
- the rim 66 of the nut 16 is extended forward by a skirt 104 which covers the entire side wall 55 of the spray block 40.
- This skirt has an outer chamfer 106 on which opens the end of the holes 68.
- the spray heads described here include several spray nozzles. However, it is possible to provide a single axial nozzle to which converge several external conduits spray gas supply. This nozzle is supplied with liquid fuel through a single duct axial.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Description
Claims (9)
- Brûleur utilisant un comburant composé d'oxygène substantiellement pur et un combustible liquide, comportant un dispositif (10) de pulvérisation de combustible liquide, du type comportant deux passages séparés (22, 24) d'alimentation en combustible liquide et en gaz de pulvérisation, coaxiaux dans leur ensemble, et une tête de pulvérisation (12) prolongeant lesdits passages (22, 24), ladite tête (12) étant munie pour chaque fluide d'un ou de plusieurs conduits (48, 50) qui convergent dans une ou plusieurs buses (44) ménagées dans la tête (12) et débouchant dans une zone de combustion dans laquelle les buses (44) libèrent un mélange du combustible liquide pulvérisé et du gaz de pulvérisation, laquelle tête (12) est maintenue à l'extrémité des passages coaxiaux (22, 24) par un écrou (16) vissé sur la paroi du passage extérieur (24), le passage (22) d'alimentation en combustible liquide étant en position centrale et étant entouré par le passage (24) d'alimentation en gaz de pulvérisation, caractérisé en ce que la tête de pulvérisation (12) comporte une jupe (42) entourant les entrées des conduits (48) pour le combustible liquide, laquelle jupe (42) est reçue à l'intérieur du passage central (22) et en ce que ladite jupe (42) et ledit passage (22) présentent respectivement extérieurement et intérieurement des sections complémentaires.
- Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite jupe (42) a une longueur supérieure au double de son diamètre extérieur, notamment égale au quadruple de son diamètre extérieur.
- Brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite jupe (42) comporte à son extrémité distale un joint (58) assurant l'étanchéité entre ladite jupe (42) et la paroi intérieure du passage central (22).
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que des gorges annulaires (62) successives sont ménagées sur la longueur de la paroi extérieure de la jupe (42).
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que ladite jupe (42) comporte dans sa partie proximale un filetage (100) extérieur et l'extrémité avant du passage central (22) comporte un taraudage (102) complémentaire.
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'écrou (16) est pourvu de perçages (68) sensiblement longitudinaux débouchant d'un côté à l'interface entre la tête de pulvérisation (12) et la paroi extérieure du passage extérieur (24) et de l'autre côté dans la zone de combustion.
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'écrou (16) comporte un rebord rentrant (66) coopérant avec un épaulement (56) de la tête de pulvérisation (12) pour maintenir celle-ci à l'extrémité des passages (22, 24) coaxiaux dans leur ensemble, et en ce que ledit rebord rentrant (66) recouvre complètement la paroi latérale exposée (55) de ladite tête (12).
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en amont de ladite tête de pulvérisation (12), un manchon (14) dont l'ouverture axiale (22) forme ledit passage central d'alimentation en combustible liquide, lequel manchon (14) est pourvu d'une couronne de perçages longitudinaux (24) entourant ledit passage central et formant ledit passage d'alimentation en gaz de pulvérisation.
- Brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un joint d'étanchéité (70) est disposé à l'interface entre la tête de pulvérisation (12) et la paroi du passage extérieur (24) d'alimentation en gaz de pulvérisation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9515559 | 1995-12-27 | ||
| FR9515559A FR2743012B1 (fr) | 1995-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | Dispositif de pulverisation d'un combustible liquide par un gaz de pulverisation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0781961A1 EP0781961A1 (fr) | 1997-07-02 |
| EP0781961B1 true EP0781961B1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
Family
ID=9486010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96402858A Expired - Lifetime EP0781961B1 (fr) | 1995-12-27 | 1996-12-20 | Brûleur comportant un dispositif de pulvérisation d'un combustible liquide par un gaz de pulvérisation |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5829683A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0781961B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69615648T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2163604T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2743012B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW415970B (en) * | 1997-01-08 | 2000-12-21 | Ebara Corp | Vapor-phase film growth apparatus and gas ejection head |
| AU2212400A (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-07-12 | Hanford N. Lockwood | Low pressure dual fluid atomizer |
| FI112037B (sv) | 1999-12-22 | 2003-10-31 | Marioff Corp Oy | Spruthuvud |
| US6478239B2 (en) * | 2000-01-25 | 2002-11-12 | John Zink Company, Llc | High efficiency fuel oil atomizer |
| US7575182B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2009-08-18 | R.P. Scherer Technologies, Inc. | Nozzle structure |
| US8549842B2 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2013-10-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Air assisted injector, and injection system and exhaust treatment system incorporating the same |
| US10245602B2 (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2019-04-02 | Spraying Systems Manufacturing Europe Gmbh | Atomizer nozzle |
| CN104368457B (zh) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-08-31 | 中国人民解放军第二炮兵工程大学 | 一种管式密集型多孔雾化喷头组件 |
| CN104500180B (zh) * | 2014-12-03 | 2017-01-18 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司无锡油泵油嘴研究所 | 一种气助可选式喷射器 |
| CA3019185A1 (fr) | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | Metal 7 Inc. | Bruleur pour four a gaz et son procede de fonctionnement |
| DE102016208653A1 (de) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | Lechler Gmbh | Düse zum Versprühen von Flüssigkeiten |
| CN108534419B (zh) * | 2018-06-12 | 2023-12-26 | 中联信达(天津)科技发展有限公司 | 一种造雪用核子气喷雾装置 |
| FR3087363B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-10-16 | Air Liquide | Buse d'atomisation assistee, atomiseur et bruleur le contenant et leur utilisation |
| EP4737800A1 (fr) * | 2024-10-31 | 2026-05-06 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Buse d'atomisation de carburant |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1647956A (en) * | 1926-01-16 | 1927-11-01 | Butcher Alfred | Oil burner |
| DE457402C (de) * | 1926-10-23 | 1928-03-15 | Augsburg Nuernberg Akt Ges Mas | Fluessigkeitsgesteuertes vereinigtes Brennstoffeinblaseluftventil fuer Dieselmaschinen |
| US3072344A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1963-01-08 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Unitary y-jet spray head assembly |
| FR1512661A (fr) * | 1966-02-22 | 1968-02-09 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Perfectionnements aux brûleurs à combustible liquide |
| US3829015A (en) * | 1972-06-22 | 1974-08-13 | Combustion Equipment Ass Inc | Acoustic nozzle |
| US4383649A (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1983-05-17 | John Zink Company | Fuel oil atomizer |
| SU985576A1 (ru) * | 1981-07-20 | 1982-12-30 | Уральский филиал Всесоюзного научно-исследовательского и проектного института галургии | Форсунка |
| IT1177271B (it) * | 1984-11-20 | 1987-08-26 | I P E Srl | Bruciatore per combustibili liquidi, provvisto di ugelli di iniezione aventi una particolare disposizione spaziale |
| FR2641365B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-12-13 | Pillard Chauffage | Procedes et dispositifs pour pulveriser finement un combustible liquide et bruleurs equipes de ces dispositifs |
| GB8905835D0 (en) * | 1989-03-14 | 1989-04-26 | British Petroleum Co Plc | Spray nozzle |
| DE4238736A1 (de) * | 1992-11-17 | 1994-05-19 | Babcock Feuerungssysteme | Zerstäuber für einen Ölbrenner |
| US5431559A (en) * | 1993-07-15 | 1995-07-11 | Maxon Corporation | Oxygen-fuel burner with staged oxygen supply |
| FR2717106B1 (fr) * | 1994-03-11 | 1996-05-31 | Total Raffinage Distribution | Procédé et dispositif de pulvérisation d'un liquide, notamment d'un liquide à haute viscosité, à l'aide d'au moins un gaz auxiliaire. |
-
1995
- 1995-12-27 FR FR9515559A patent/FR2743012B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-12-20 EP EP96402858A patent/EP0781961B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-20 ES ES96402858T patent/ES2163604T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-20 DE DE69615648T patent/DE69615648T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-20 US US08/770,901 patent/US5829683A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2163604T3 (es) | 2002-02-01 |
| US5829683A (en) | 1998-11-03 |
| EP0781961A1 (fr) | 1997-07-02 |
| DE69615648T2 (de) | 2002-06-20 |
| FR2743012B1 (fr) | 1998-01-30 |
| FR2743012A1 (fr) | 1997-07-04 |
| DE69615648D1 (de) | 2001-11-08 |
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Legal Events
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