EP0779391B1 - Method for milling paper fibres - Google Patents
Method for milling paper fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0779391B1 EP0779391B1 EP96115697A EP96115697A EP0779391B1 EP 0779391 B1 EP0779391 B1 EP 0779391B1 EP 96115697 A EP96115697 A EP 96115697A EP 96115697 A EP96115697 A EP 96115697A EP 0779391 B1 EP0779391 B1 EP 0779391B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- milling
- tools
- stage
- grinding
- primary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/20—Methods of refining
- D21D1/30—Disc mills
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for grinding paper fibers according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- Processes of this type have been used for a long time since they are used for paper production required pulp fibers only through a grinding treatment the desired properties receive. However, fibers obtained from waste paper also often have to be used again be ground.
- the grinding tools used for grinding are also called sets and in Grinding machines - so-called refiners - installed.
- Such grinders have at least one rotor and at least one stator with either disk ring or frustoconical surfaces on which the grinding tools or fittings are attached be so that grinding gaps can form between them.
- Point Grinding tools on the work surfaces of webs and grooves one speaks of "Knife sets”.
- grinding tools that use the material flow facing grinding surfaces a hard porous structure with a roughness depth of one Have tenths to about three millimeters. There are often still between these grinding surfaces some channels to keep the fabric clear. The structure may not change over time change too much. It must not be worn with increasing wear on the clothing become smooth.
- each level of grinding can be performed separately regulate, i.e. the special grinding task of this level and the properties of the Adjust grinding surfaces optimally. Furthermore, the grinding becomes more uniform. Furthermore it is often an advantage in the process if only a relatively small amount per machine specific grinding work (kWh / to) is transferred.
- Fig. 1 leaves the primary grinding stage 1 and the secondary grinding stage 2 following it detect.
- the suspension flow with the paper fibers F is indicated as an arrow runs through both grinding stages.
- the example shown is a Realization with disc refiners. Be in the primary grinding stage 1 Grinding tools 3 and 3 'are used, which move relative to each other. Hinted are a stator 7 and a rotor 8, which are positioned against each other and movable, the actual between the grinding tools 3 and 3 'located on them Grinding gap S forms. In this example, two hard-pore grinding tools work against each other.
- the pulp pre-ground in the primary grinding stage 1 arrives then in the secondary grinding stage 2. This is with the grinding tools 4 and 4 ' equipped, each as conventional knife sets, which are mounted on a stator 9 or Rotor 10 are attached.
- Fig. 1 The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is only one of the conceivable possibilities.
- Fig. 2 a variant is shown in which the primary grinding stage 1 is both a hard-pored grinding tool 3 and a grinding tool provided with grinding strips 6 3 '.
- the knife set is attached to the rotor 8, what leads to improved substance delivery. This can sometimes be undesirable, though this would build up too high a pressure. In such a case you would Fix the knife set in the stator 7. There might also be one to expect more even grinding.
- FIG. 3 shows the part of a grinding tool with porous abrasive grinding surfaces 5 which as already mentioned - either with knife sets or again with hard-pored surfaces can work together.
- the roughness depth T is exaggerated drawn and indicated by dimensional arrows.
- FIG. 4 is part of a knife set known per se shown with grinding strips 6.
- Fig. 5 shows a not-to-scale diagram of the degree of grinding development.
- the Abscissa 12 represents the specific work, e.g. in kWh / to and the ordinate 11 the Grinding development, e.g. measured in degrees Schopper Riegler. Between points A and B is ground in the primary grinding stage and between points B and C in the secondary. Sections 13 and 14 are accordingly on the abscissa 12.
- the Milling development according to this method is shown in curve K 1.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Mahlung von Papierfasern gemäß dem
Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for grinding paper fibers according to the
Preamble of
Verfahren dieser Art werden seit langer Zeit eingesetzt, da die zur Papierherstellung benötigten Zellstoffasern erst durch eine Mahlbehandlung die gewünschten Eigenschaften erhalten. Aber auch aus Altpapier gewonnene Fasern müssen oft vor dem Wiedereinsatz gemahlen werden.Processes of this type have been used for a long time since they are used for paper production required pulp fibers only through a grinding treatment the desired properties receive. However, fibers obtained from waste paper also often have to be used again be ground.
Ein beträchtlicher Teil der Betriebskosten, die bei der Mahlung von Faserstoffen in der Zellstoff- und Papierindustrie anfallen, rührt von den Energiekosten her. Daher war es schon immer ein Bestreben, Mahlverfahren zu finden, mit denen - gemessen an dem gewünschten Erfolg - ein nicht zu hoher Energieeinsatz gebraucht wird. Da die Zielsetzungen der Faserstoffbehandlung je nach Anwendungsfall unterschiedlich sind, ist auch die Beurteilung des Mahleffektes unterschiedlich. In vielen Fällen wird die eingesetzte Energie auf den Mahlerfolg so bezogen, wobei z.B. die Mahlarbeit (kWh) entweder pro Tonne Faserstoff und Mahlgradsteigerung oder pro Tonne Faserstoff und Festigkeitssteigerung angegeben wird. Der erzielte Mahlgrad wird meist nach der Methode "Schopper Riegler" gemessen, bei der im wesentlichen die Wasseraufnahme ermittelt wird.A significant portion of the operating costs involved in pulping in the pulp The pulp and paper industry arises from energy costs. So it was has always been striving to find grinding processes with which - measured by the desired success - a not too high energy input is needed. Since the The objectives of fiber treatment are different depending on the application also the assessment of the grinding effect different. In many cases energy used related to the grinding success, e.g. the grinding work (kWh) either per tonne of pulp and grind increase or per tonne of pulp and Strength increase is specified. The degree of grinding achieved is usually after Method "Schopper Riegler" measured, in which essentially the water absorption is determined.
Die zur Mahlung eingesetzten Mahlwerkzeuge werden auch Garnituren genannt und in Mahlmaschinen - sogenannte Refiner - eingebaut. Solche Mahlmaschinen haben mindestens einen Rotor und mindestens einen Stator mit entweder scheibenring- oder kegelstumpfförmigen Flächen, auf denen die Mahlwerkzeuge oder Garnituren angebracht werden, so daß sich zwischen ihnen Mahlspalten ausbilden können. Weisen Mahlwerkzeuge an den Arbeitsflächen Stege und Nuten auf, spricht man von "Messer-Garnituren". Es gibt aber auch Mahlwerkzeuge, bei denen die dem Stoffstrom zugewandten Mahlflächen eine harte porige Struktur mit einer Rauhtiefe von einem Zehntel bis etwa drei Millimetern haben. Zwischen diesen Mahlflächen sind oft noch einige Kanäle zur Stofführung frei gehalten. Die Struktur darf sich mit der Zeit nicht allzusehr ändern. Sie darf also auch mit zunehmendem Verschleiß der Garnitur nicht glatt werden.The grinding tools used for grinding are also called sets and in Grinding machines - so-called refiners - installed. Such grinders have at least one rotor and at least one stator with either disk ring or frustoconical surfaces on which the grinding tools or fittings are attached be so that grinding gaps can form between them. Point Grinding tools on the work surfaces of webs and grooves, one speaks of "Knife sets". But there are also grinding tools that use the material flow facing grinding surfaces a hard porous structure with a roughness depth of one Have tenths to about three millimeters. There are often still between these grinding surfaces some channels to keep the fabric clear. The structure may not change over time change too much. It must not be worn with increasing wear on the clothing become smooth.
Aus der WO 91/02841 A1 sind verschiedene Refinergamituren bekannt, die zum Aufschluß von Hackschnitzeln eingesetzt werden sollen, um durch mechanisches Zerkleinern dieser Hackschnitzel die ligninhaltigen Fasern freizulegen. Die dargestellten Garnituren enthalten zwar teilweise auch die Abfolge von verschiedenen Mahlzonen, wobei sich abrasiv und schneidend wirkende Bereiche abwechseln. Diese in erster Linie auf die Herstellung solcher Garnituren abzielende Patentanmeldungen gibt jedoch keinerlei Hinweis zur Verbesserung der Mahlverfahren, durch welche bereits hergestellter Zellstoff in seinen Oberflächen- oder Dimensionseigenschaften verändert werden kann.From WO 91/02841 A1 various refiner fittings are known which are used for Digestion of wood chips should be used to by mechanical means Chop up these wood chips to expose the lignin-containing fibers. The The sets shown also partially contain the sequence of different ones Grinding zones, with alternating abrasive and cutting areas. This in there are primarily patent applications aimed at the production of such sets however, no indication of improving the grinding process, by which already manufactured pulp changed in its surface or dimensional properties can be.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein neues Mahlverfahren zu schaffen, mit dem die zur Mahlung von Fasern eingesetzte Energie geringer ist als bisher. Auch sollte der Verschleiß der beim Verfahren eingesetzten Mahlwerkzeuge möglichst gering sein.It is an object of the invention to provide a new grinding process with which the The energy used to mill fibers is lower than before. Also the Wear of the grinding tools used in the process must be as low as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Kennzeichen der Ansprüche 1 gelöst. Die nachfolgenden
Unteransprüche beschreiben besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen.This object is achieved by the characteristics of
Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens ist es möglich, die Energie optimal einzusetzen: Zu Beginn der Mahlung, wenn der Mahlgrad des Faserstoffes noch relativ niedrig ist, läßt sich durch die abrasive Wirkung der hartporigen Mahlflächen ein überrraschend schneller Mahlgradanstieg erreichen. Das gilt auch im Vergleich zu speziellen "schneidenden Garnituren", wie sie oft im initialen Bereich der Mahlung verwendel werden. Die so vorgemahlenen Fasern werden anschließend in der sekundären Mahlstufe mit Messergarnituren sehr wirtschaftlich auf den gewünschten Endzustand gebracht.With the help of the procedure it is possible to use the energy optimally: At the beginning of the Grinding, if the degree of grinding of the fibrous material is still relatively low, can be carried out the abrasive effect of the hard-pored grinding surfaces is surprisingly quick Reach the grinding degree. That also applies in comparison to special "cutting" Sets "as they are often used in the initial area of grinding Pre-ground fibers are then used in the secondary grinding stage Knife sets very economically brought to the desired final condition.
Für die primäre Mahlstufe ist es entscheidend, daß die genannten hartporigen Mahlflächen auf mindestens einer Seite der Mahlwerkzeuge vorhanden sind. Es gibt die Möglichkeit, derartige Mahlflächen auch gegen konventionelle Messergarnituren arbeiten zu lassen. Die sich zwischen den Messerleisten befindenden Kanäle können in einem solchen Fall für einen ausreichenden Transport der zu mahlenden Faserstoffsuspension sorgen, z.B. auch ohne, daß an der porösen Mahlfläche Kanäle erforderlich sind. Dann findet infolge des den Messerleisten gegenüberliegenden hartporigen Mahlwerkzeugs die besonders günstige abrasive Mahlbehandlung statt. Der Stofftransport in der Mahlmaschine wird verstärkt, wenn die Messergarnitur einer solchen Kombination am Rotor befestigt ist. Bei der Vielzahl möglicher Anforderungen an die Mahlentwicklung bleibt es dem Fachmann überlassen, in welcher Weise er relativ zueinander bewegte Mahlwerkzeuge ausgestaltet unter Beachtung der in den Ansprüchen genannten Kennzeichen.For the primary grinding stage it is crucial that the hard pores mentioned There are grinding surfaces on at least one side of the grinding tools. There are the Possibility of such grinding surfaces also against conventional knife sets to let work. The channels between the male connectors can be in in such a case for sufficient transport of the material to be ground Provide fiber suspension, e.g. even without channels on the porous grinding surface required are. Then takes place as a result of the opposite of the male connectors hard-pored grinding tool instead of the particularly favorable abrasive grinding treatment. The Material transport in the grinding machine is increased if the knife set is one such combination is attached to the rotor. With the multitude of possible requirements It is up to the person skilled in the art to determine the development of the grinding process in which way it is relative mutually moving grinding tools designed taking into account the in the claims mentioned characteristics.
Bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens können je nach Anlagengröße mehrere Mahlmaschinen derart verwendet werden, daß für jede Mahlstufe wenigstens eine Maschine zur Verfügung steht. Dadurch läßt sich jede Mahlstufe leistungsmäßig separat regeln, also der speziellen Mahlaufgabe dieser Stufe und den Eigenschaften der Mahlflächen optimal anpassen. Ferner wird die Mahlung gleichmäßiger. Darüberhinaus ist es bei dem Verfahren oft von Vorteil, wenn pro Maschine nur eine relativ geringe spezifische Mahlarbeit (kWh/to) übertragen wird.Depending on the size of the plant, several can be carried out when carrying out the process Grinding machines are used in such a way that at least one for each grinding stage Machine is available. This means that each level of grinding can be performed separately regulate, i.e. the special grinding task of this level and the properties of the Adjust grinding surfaces optimally. Furthermore, the grinding becomes more uniform. Furthermore it is often an advantage in the process if only a relatively small amount per machine specific grinding work (kWh / to) is transferred.
Es ist möglich, innerhalb einer Mahlstufe, sei es nun die primäre oder sekundäre, mehrere Refiner in Reihe oder auch parallel zu schalten.It is possible, within a grinding stage, be it the primary or secondary, to connect several refiners in series or in parallel.
Bei den in der sekundären Mahlstufe verwendeten Maschinen ist es von weiterem Vorteil, Garnituren mit Messern aus Keramik/Metall- Verbundwerkstoff einzusetzen, die für Fasern mit mittlerem und höherem Mahlgrad besonders gut geeignet sind. Sie haben dann auch einen extrem geringen Abrieb. Solche Garnituren mit einer Verbundstruktur und im wesentlichen glatter, nicht abrasiver Oberfläche sind z.B. aus der EP 0 575 685 A1 bekannt.With the machines used in the secondary grinding stage, it is further Advantage of using sets with knives made of ceramic / metal composite material, which are particularly suitable for fibers with medium and high freeness. she then have extremely low abrasion. Such sets with one Composite structure and essentially smooth, non-abrasive surface are e.g. out known from EP 0 575 685 A1.
Die Erfindung und ihre Vorteile werden erläutert anhand von Zeichnungen. Dabei zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- schematisch: Die Schritte des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
- Fig. 2
- schematisch: Eine Variation der primären Mahlstufe;
- Fig. 3
- schematisch: Ein hartporiges Mahlwerkzeug;
- Fig. 4
- schematisch: Den Teil einer Messergarnitur;
- Fig. 5
- schematisch: Mahlgradentwicklung/Diagramm.
- Fig. 1
- schematically: the steps of the method according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- schematic: a variation of the primary grinding stage;
- Fig. 3
- schematic: a hard pore grinding tool;
- Fig. 4
- schematic: the part of a knife set;
- Fig. 5
- schematic: grinding degree development / diagram.
Fig. 1 läßt die primäre Mahlstufe 1 und die ihr folgende sekundäre Mahlstufe 2
erkennen. Der Suspensionsstrom mit den Papierfasern F ist als Pfeil angegeben, der
durch beide Mahlstufen verläuft. Bei dem gezeigten Beispiel handelt es sich um eine
Realisierung mit Scheibenrefinern. In der primären Mahlstufe 1 werden
Mahlwerkzeuge 3 und 3' verwendet, die sich relativ zueinander bewegen. Angedeutet
sind ein Stator 7 und ein Rotor 8, die gegeneinander positioniert und bewegbar sind,
wobei sich zwischen den auf ihnen befindlichen Mahlwerkzeugen 3 und 3' der eigentliche
Mahlspalt S bildet. Bei diesem Beispiel arbeiten zwei hartporige Mahlwerkzeuge
gegeneinander. Der in der primären Mahlstufe 1 vorgemahlene Faserstoff gelangt
anschließend in die Sekundär-Mahlstufe 2. Diese ist mit den Mahlwerkzeugen 4 und 4'
ausgestattet, jeweils als konventionelle Messergarnituren, die auf einem Stator 9 bzw.
Rotor 10 befestigt sind.Fig. 1 leaves the
Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Ausführungsform ist nur eine der denkbaren Möglichkeiten.The embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is only one of the conceivable possibilities.
In Fig. 2 ist eine Variante dargestellt, bei der die primäre Mahlstufe 1 sowohl ein
hartporiges Mahlwerkzeug 3 als auch ein mit Mahlleisten 6 versehenes Mahlwerkzeug
3' aufweist. In dem hier gezeigten Fall ist die Messergarnitur am Rotor 8 befestigt, was
zur verbesserten Stofförderung führt. Dies kann gelegentlich unerwünscht sein, wenn
dadurch ein zu hoher Druck aufgebaut würde. In einem solchen Falle würde man die
Messergarnitur im Stator 7 fixieren. Dabei wäre unter Umständen auch eine
gleichmäßigere Ausmahlung zu erwarten.In Fig. 2 a variant is shown in which the
Wenn auch nicht dargestellt, da selbstverständlich, kann das Verfahren auch in an sich bekannten Kegelrefinern realisiert werden, wobei wieder eine primäre und eine sekundäre Mahlstufe gemäß den Ansprüchen zu wählen wäre.Although not shown, since it goes without saying, the process can also be done in itself known cone refiners can be realized, again a primary and a secondary grinding stage would be chosen according to the claims.
Fig. 3 zeigt den Teil eines Mahlwerkzeuges mit porigen abrasiven Mahlflächen 5, die -
wie bereits ausgeführt - entweder mit Messergarnituren oder auch wiederum mit
hartporigen Flächen zusammenarbeiten können. Die Rauhtiefe T ist übertrieben groß
gezeichnet und durch Maßpfeile angegeben. 3 shows the part of a grinding tool with porous
Der Vollständigkeit halber ist in Fig. 4 ein Teil einer an sich bekannten Messergarnitur
mit Mahlleisten 6 dargestellt.For the sake of completeness, FIG. 4 is part of a knife set known per se
shown with grinding
Fig. 5 zeigt ein nicht unbedingt maßstäbliches Diagramm zur Mahlgradentwicklung. Die
Abszisse 12 stellt die spezifische Arbeit, z.B. in kWh/to dar und die Ordinate 11 die
Mahlentwicklung, z.B. gemessen in Grad Schopper Riegler. Zwischen den Punkten A und
B wird in der primären Mahlstufe gemahlen und zwischen den Punkten B und C in der
sekundären. Entsprechend sind die Abschnitte 13 und 14 auf der Abszisse 12. Die
Mahlentwicklung gemäß diesem Verfahren zeigt die Kurve K 1. Man erkennt eine
energetisch günstigere Mahlgradentwicklung, als wenn nur in einer Stufe (Kurve K 2)
gemahlen würde.Fig. 5 shows a not-to-scale diagram of the degree of grinding development. The
Claims (14)
- Method for milling paper fibres (F) in an aqueous suspension, wherein the fibres are mechanically stressed between milling tools (3, 3', 4, 4') moved relative to, and positioned against, one another, such that their length is reduced and/or their surface area increased, wherein the paper fibres (F) are milled in succession in at least two milling stages (1,2),
characterised in that
the primary milling stage (1) is carried out with such milling tools (3, 3'), of which at least one has at least one porous, abrasive milling surface (5) with a peak-to-valley height of at least 0.2 mm on a side facing the opposite tool, and wherein in the secondary milling stage (2), milling tools (4, 4') with milling lists (6) in contact with the fibres, so-called blade assemblies, work against one another. - Method according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the peak-to-valley height (T) of the milling tools (3, 3') used in the primary milling stage (1) is at least 1 mm. - Method according to claim 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the grain diameter of the porous, abrasive milling surface (5) in the primary milling stage (1) is at least 2 mm. - Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3,
characterised in that
the peak-to-valley height (T) is at least 1 mm. - Method according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4,
characterised in that
the milling tools (3, 3') with the porous, abrasive milling surface (5) which are used in the primary milling stage (1) consist at least in part of a porous ceramic metallic composite material. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
in the primary milling stage (1), milling tools (3, 3') with abrasive surfaces work against one another. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
in the primary milling stage (1), milling tools (3) with abrasive surfaces (5) are positioned and moved against other milling tools (3') with milling lists (6'), so-called blade assemblies. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the primary milling stage (1) is taken to a milling degree between 18 and 24° Schopper-Riegler. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
milling tools (4, 4') of the secondary milling stage (2) are blade assemblies whose effective milling parts consist of a ceramic composite material with an essentially smooth surface. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the milling tools (3, 3', 4, 4') are pressed against one another with adjustable force. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
different milling machines are used for the two milling stages (1,2). - Method according to claim 11,
characterised in that
the specific work transferred to the paper fibres in the different milling machines varies. - Method according to any one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
at least one of the two milling stages (1, 2) is carried out in a plurality of milling machines connected in series. - Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
characterised in that
the two milling stages (1, 2) are carried out in the same milling machine.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19547069 | 1995-12-16 | ||
| DE19547069A DE19547069A1 (en) | 1995-12-16 | 1995-12-16 | Process for grinding paper fibers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0779391A1 EP0779391A1 (en) | 1997-06-18 |
| EP0779391B1 true EP0779391B1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=7780342
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96115697A Expired - Lifetime EP0779391B1 (en) | 1995-12-16 | 1996-10-01 | Method for milling paper fibres |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0779391B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE200322T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2192728A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19547069A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO964593L (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19808355A1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-02 | Voith Sulzer Papiertech Patent | Paper fiber suspension grinding operation for papermaking fibers |
| CN105113306B (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2017-01-04 | 浙江佳维康特种纸有限公司 | A kind of pulping process of high evenness high-strength thin paper |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4166584A (en) * | 1975-09-05 | 1979-09-04 | Asplund Arne J A | Apparatus for producing pulp from lignocellulose-containing material |
| CH617735A5 (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1980-06-13 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | Unit for defiberising fibre material suspensions for paper machines |
| AT393520B (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-11-11 | Peter Mueller Ges M B H & Co K | Disc or disc segment for disc mills, and process for the production of such discs or disc segments |
| US4951888A (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1990-08-28 | Sprout-Bauer, Inc. | Refining element and method of manufacturing same |
| FR2667804B1 (en) * | 1990-10-11 | 1995-02-10 | Technogenia Sa | ANTI-ABRASION SURFACE PLATE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME. |
-
1995
- 1995-12-16 DE DE19547069A patent/DE19547069A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1996
- 1996-10-01 DE DE59606710T patent/DE59606710D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-10-01 AT AT96115697T patent/ATE200322T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-10-01 EP EP96115697A patent/EP0779391B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-10-30 NO NO964593A patent/NO964593L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-12-12 CA CA002192728A patent/CA2192728A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2192728A1 (en) | 1997-06-17 |
| NO964593D0 (en) | 1996-10-30 |
| EP0779391A1 (en) | 1997-06-18 |
| DE19547069A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
| NO964593L (en) | 1997-06-17 |
| DE59606710D1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| ATE200322T1 (en) | 2001-04-15 |
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