EP0779135A1 - Method for automatically regulating the projected quantity of a sprayable building material mix and installation for spraying buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The regulation system controls the quantity of at least one component of the spray medium discharged per unit of time, by measuring a parameter dependent on the component quantity, compared with a reference value, for adjusting the spray quantity in dependence on the obtained difference. The spray medium flow path (2a,2b) has a detector (6a,6b) for measuring a quantity parameter of at least one component, coupled to a difference stage (7), connected to an adjustable signal source (9) at its second input, to provide a setting signal fed to the control input (1as,1bs) of a setting element (1a,1b).

Description

The present invention relates to a method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and an installation of the type specified in the preamble of claim 7.

Methods of the type mentioned at the outset are known in which an ejection medium, in particular a concrete mixture or a plastic mixture, is sprayed out against buildings, such as against tunnel raw walls, in order to create a building lining or cladding. The media mentioned are often critical as far as their composition is concerned, because on the one hand regular, distributed spraying is required on the injection mold, on the other hand dripping from the target surface should be prevented as far as possible and, in addition, an adherent curing that corresponds to the respective requirements should be guaranteed.

Up to now, these different requirements made it necessary to permanently employ highly specialized experts with many years of experience at the place of use of such methods in order to observe the behavior of the ejection process and, if necessary, to intervene in the mixture composition of the respective medium.

The aim of the present invention is to create a method or a system of the type mentioned at the beginning, by means of which temporal variations of the spraying medium with regard to its composition are automatically remedied, with the aim of ensuring that mixing ratios of the spraying medium which have been set once, as long as desired, are constant stay. This should make a professional, practically permanent monitoring of the spraying process superfluous in the sense that the time intervals of such a check are at least significantly increased. Once a mixture has been found to be optimal, it should also be ensured that, on the one hand, the required liability and the required lining characteristics are maintained and, on the other hand, that this takes place with optimally low losses of spray mixtures, for example due to dripping back.

This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned, which is characterized in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1.

Basically, according to the invention, the quantity of at least one medium component output per unit of time is measured and this measured quantity, as the actual value, is used in a control system, with the aid of which the actual quantity sprayed out per unit of time, depending on the design of the control loop with a required accuracy, can be predetermined Leading value or trend follows. In a simplest embodiment according to the invention, the sprayed-out quantity of a single spraying medium component is regulated in the sense mentioned.

However, because in many cases the above-mentioned criteria cannot be controlled by mastering only the amount of a component sprayed out, but rather only by manipulating the mixing ratio of the sprayed medium, it is proposed in a preferred embodiment to regulate the mixing ratio of at least two components , for which the actual quantity output per unit of time is measured at least two components each and after comparison of the resulting measurement variables resulting relationship is interfered with a TARGET ratio value on an actuator for the flow rate of one and / or other component.

In a preferred embodiment, the sprayed-out medium comprises air as one component and another component which is in powder or granule form or is sludge-like, viscous viscous, or is in the form of a suspension, in particular a coarse-grained suspension, such as in the form of concrete. Another liquid component, such as additional water, is provided. The regulated amount is that of at least one of the components mentioned or the mixing ratio of at least two of the components mentioned.

In the spraying technology mentioned, two procedural principles are known, in particular with a view to concrete spraying, namely spraying using the thin-flow method or spraying using the dense-current method. In the thin-current process, one component, e.g. Concrete or, more generally, the powdery, granular, viscous viscous or suspension-shaped component is pneumatically conveyed against the injection mold by means of air. In the dense phase method, the component just mentioned, e.g. Concrete, as such, usually pre-conveyed by means of pumps and only torn open in the sprayable state in the region of the ejection tool by means of an air stream.

While it is possible to measure the delivered quantity of the mentioned component alone with relatively little effort, the measurement of the quantity of the mentioned component pneumatically supplied with compressed air per unit of time during the delivery of compressed air is problematic. So there is especially in the case of conveying according to the thin-stream principle, a problem in detecting the amount of the second component mentioned, which is conveyed with the compressed air as one component. In order to solve this problem with this procedure, it is therefore proposed to measure the amount of the powdered, granular, viscous, mud-like or suspension, in particular coarse suspension-shaped component conveyed per unit of time before this mentioned component is detected by the compressed air of the pneumatic conveyance.

The object of the invention is further achieved by a system which is distinguished by the characterizing part of claim 7. Preferred process variants as well as preferred embodiments of the plant are specified in claims 2 to 6 and 8 to 13.

The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using figures.

Fig. 1

anhand eines Funktionsblockdiagrammes, das erfindungsgemässe Verfahrens- bzw. Anlagenprinzip, bei dem die Gesamtmenge des ausgespritzten Mediums oder die Menge einer Komponente des erwähnten Mediums regelnd geführt wird;

Fig. 2

in Darstellung analog zu derjenigen von Fig. 1, ein erfindungsgemässes Vorgehen für die Führung des Mischungsverhältnisses mindestens zweier Mischungskomponenten am ausgespritzten Medium;

Fig. 3

anhand einer Prinzipdarstellung, eine nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren arbeitende DichtstromAusspritzanlage, ausgebildet nach einer der Varianten gemäss den Fig. 1 und/oder 2;

Fig. 4

in Darstellung analog zu Fig. 3, eine nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren, wie prinzipiell anhand der Fig. 1 und/oder 2 dargestellt, arbeitende erfindungsgemässe Dünnstrom-Ausspritzanlage;

Fig. 5

eine bevorzugte Fördereinrichtung an einer nach dem Dichtstromprinzip arbeitenden erfindungsgemässen Anlage gemäss Fig. 3;

Fig. 6

eine bevorzugte Messkopfanordnung an einer Fördereinrichtung für eine nach dem Dünnstromverfahren arbeitende erfindungsgemässe Anlage gemäss Fig. 4;

Fig. 7

eine am erfindungsgemässen Regelverfahren bzw. der erfindungsgemässen Anordnung bevorzugterweise eingesetzte Stellertechnik;

Fig. 8

eine für pulverförmiges Medium oder eine insbesondere grobkörnige Suspension eingesetzte Stellereinrichtung nach Fig. 7.

Show it:

Fig. 1

on the basis of a functional block diagram, the method or system principle according to the invention, in which the total amount of the ejected medium or the amount of a component of the medium mentioned is regulated;

Fig. 2

in a representation analogous to that of FIG. 1, an inventive procedure for the management of the mixing ratio of at least two mixture components on the sprayed-out medium;

Fig. 3

based on a schematic diagram, one according to the invention Process-operating dense stream ejection system, designed according to one of the variants according to FIGS. 1 and / or 2;

Fig. 4

in illustration analogous to FIG. 3, a thin-stream injection system according to the invention operating according to the method according to the invention, as shown in principle with reference to FIGS. 1 and / or 2;

Fig. 5

a preferred conveyor on a system according to the invention according to FIG. 3 working according to the dense current principle;

Fig. 6

a preferred measuring head arrangement on a conveyor for a system according to the invention according to FIG. 4 operating according to the thin-current method;

Fig. 7

an actuator technology preferably used on the control method according to the invention or the arrangement according to the invention;

Fig. 8

an actuator device used for powdery medium or in particular a coarse-grained suspension according to FIG. 7.

If in the following we speak of the measurement of a conveyed quantity, this is to be understood primarily as a measurement of the volume of the specified, measured medium passing through a given line cross section per time unit, ie as a volume flow measurement. Mass flow measurement should only be addressed secondarily, because of the generally more difficult feasibility.

Furthermore, the term “conveying path” for a medium or a component thereof means the path on a system, starting from the area in which the material under consideration is supplied to the system from the outside, for example being filled in, until it emerges from the injection mold .

In FIG. 1, the schematically illustrated conveying path 2 for the spray medium or a component of this medium comprises a conveying unit 1, a line 3 connected downstream thereof, to an injection tool 5. According to the invention, a measuring arrangement 6 is generally provided along the conveying path 2, for example and, as shown, along the line 3, a detector or sensor, by means of which the amount of the medium under consideration or a component of this medium conveyed per unit of time in the direction of the arrow F is measured becomes. On the output side of the arrangement 6, hereinafter referred to as the detector, a preferably electrical signal s (V̇) proportional to the quantity per unit time is generated, which is fed to a difference-forming unit 7 after appropriate signal processing (not shown). The detector 6 shown in Fig. 1 downstream of the conveyor unit 1 is used in certain cases, e.g. in the case of upstream conveying using the thin-stream method, assigned to the conveying unit 1.

The output of a preferably adjustable signal source 9 is also fed to the difference formation unit 7. In terms of control technology, the signal supplied to unit 7 by detector 6 forms the measured control signal X, while the signal supplied to unit 7 by unit 9 forms the command signal W. On the output side of the difference formation unit 7, a control difference signal Δ appears, which, via a controller 11 designed according to control engineering aspects, is applied to a control input 1 _{S of} the control element Conveyor 1 acts.

This makes it possible to regulate the volume flow or the amount of a medium which can be detected by the detector 6 to a constant value in accordance with the command signal W or, if appropriate, to control it in accordance with a desired time profile. As shown in dashed lines, it is of course possible to use additional actuators, such as control valves 13, along the conveyor path 2 as actuators in addition to or instead of the conveyor unit 1.

In many cases, it is less important to maintain or keep constant the amount of the ejection medium dispensed per unit of time as such or a component thereof, but rather to keep or keep the composition of the ejected medium constant.

To maintain or maintain a mixing ratio on the medium, the procedure according to the invention is in principle as shown in FIG. 2.

1, two delivery paths 2a, b are shown for a component of the ejection medium, which unite in the area of the injection mold 5. A detector 6a or 6b is provided along the corresponding conveying paths 2a, b, as shown, for example, on the assigned lines 3a, 3b. In particular in the case of thin-current conveyance of one or both components, the explanations given with regard to the detector arrangement with reference to FIG. 1 also apply here.

• Es kann lediglich die Fördermenge im einen der beiden Pfade 2a oder 2b so gestellt werden, dass, auch bei Variation der Fördermenge im jeweils anderen Pfad b, das geforderte Mischungsverhältnis eingehalten wird, wozu lediglich auf die Fördermenge entlang eines der Pfade, wie erwähnt beispielsweise Pfad 2a, stellend eingegriffen werden muss.
• Dargestellt ist in Fig. 2 die zweite Möglichkeit, entsprechend welcher, gegensinnig, sowohl auf die Fördereinrichtung 1a wie auch auf die Fördereinrichtung 1b eingegriffen wird.

The output signals of the detectors are fed to a quotient formation unit 17, from which, for example, the signal s _a / s _{b is} formed. The result signal s _a / s _b is supplied to the difference formation unit 7 as a measured controlled variable X, while the output signal of the specification unit 9 is supplied to the unit 7 as a ratio control value or curve. The output side of the subtraction unit 7 appearing control difference signal Δ _Q is in turn passed through a correspondingly sized controller 11 'to the position of the ratio to the conveying paths. There are different options:

• It is only possible to set the delivery rate in one of the two paths 2a or 2b so that, even when the delivery rate in the other path b varies, the required mixing ratio is maintained, for which purpose only the delivery rate along one of the paths, as mentioned, for example, path 2a, must be intervened.
• 2 shows the second possibility, according to which, in opposite directions, both the conveying device 1a and the conveying device 1b are intervened.

What is explained in FIG. 2 with regard to the conveying devices naturally also applies to further actuators for the conveyed quantities, as for the control valves shown schematically in FIG. 1.

By proceeding in principle as explained with reference to FIG. 2, it becomes possible to control the composition or one or more mixing ratios on the sprayed-out medium, be it to keep it constant or, if necessary, to conduct it according to predetermined time profiles.

1 and 2 those units are outlined in dash-dotted lines and designated as block 10, which carry out the processing of the measured control variables, up to the provision of the respective control signals.

3 schematically shows an ejection system according to the invention, which works according to the dense-flow principle.

A first medium component M ₁ , which is granular or powdery or viscous or sludge-like or forms a particularly coarse-grained suspension, such as and in particular concrete, is fed to a first conveying unit 20. On the delivery unit 20, the medium M ₁ is delivered to the injection mold 23 by pumps, for example by means of a piston pump according to FIG. 5, through the delivery line 21. On a second conveying device 25, a second medium component M ₂ , namely a gaseous, in particular air, is driven against the injection mold 23 through a conveying line 27. The line 27 merges with the line 21 shortly before the injection mold 23, so that, due to the conveyed compressed air, the component M _{1 is} torn open for the subsequent spraying. The principle of dense phase conveyance is defined by the arrangement 20 to 27: The medium component M ₁ is pre-pumped as a dense stream in line 21.

In most cases, in particular in the case of concrete mixture spraying, the conveying device 29 is used to advance a third, liquid component M ₃ through the associated line 31, which in turn merges with the aforementioned lines 21 and 27 in the area in front of the injection mold 23. According to the invention, measuring detectors 35 are now provided on such a system. While the gaseous medium component M ₂ can be detected by means of conventional gas flow sensors in line 27 and the amount of the liquid component M ₃ in the same conventional manner with liquid flow detectors on line 31, the component M ₁ conveyed per unit of time along line 21 is, for example, by using a detector of the "Speedmag PulseMag type V "from Endress + Hauser AG, CH-4153 Reinach BL.

As shown in FIG. 3, detectors 35a to 35c are provided on the conveying paths mentioned, depending on the quantity of components or medium to be guided in terms of control technology or the conditions to be guided. The output or the outputs of the optionally provided detectors 35 _x are supplied to the unit 10, basically constructed as explained with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. On the output side of the unit 10, control signals are output for the actuators 20, 25 and 29 to be used in accordance with the variables to be controlled. The ratio of the component M ₁ to M ₂ to M ₃ , as explained with reference to FIG. 2, is preferably performed, for which purpose the ratio output signal of 35a to output signal of 35b to output signal of 35c is formed on the quotient formation unit 17 of FIG or the respective relationships are formed in pairs and compared with the respective management parameters.

FIG. 4 shows, analogously to FIG. 3, a plant operating according to the invention using the thin-current method. Component M ₁ , as defined above, is fed to a conveyor unit 40, to which the outlet of an air conveyor unit 42 for component M ₂ - air - is connected. Component M ₁ is conveyed pneumatically here by air pressurized by conveyor 42. The supply of component M ₃ by means of The conveying device 44 via line 46 is carried out analogously to the conveying of this component M ₃ according to FIG. 3. The conveying quantity of the air component M ₂ can in turn be measured without any major problems using a detector 48b, for example on the connecting line between compressor conveying device 42 and conveying device 40 the delivery rate of the liquid component M ₃ by means of a detector 48c along line 46. The delivery rate of the component M _1, on the other hand, is detected by the detector 48a, which is provided on the conveyor device 40, before this component M ₁ is detected and conveyed by the compressed air of the conveyor 42 becomes. This means that an inductively operating detector of the aforementioned type can also be used for the measurement of the conveyed component quantity of M ₁ in the thin-flow method, and there are no essential problems which arise if, for example, a volume flow measurement would be carried out in line 49 on the already pneumatically conveyed component M ₁ .

4, the output signals of the detectors 48 provided are directed to a control device according to block 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3, which, by means of control interventions on the conveying devices 40, 42 and 44, guides the quantities of components conveyed individually or sets or sets their quantity ratio . leads.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a conveying device for the dense phase conveying corresponding to the conveying device 20 from FIG. 3. It is used in particular for the dense phase conveying of concrete spray medium. It comprises at least two piston / cylinder arrangements 51A and 51B, which are driven in opposite phases by means of a hydraulic drive unit 53, each by means of a hydraulic piston / cylinder arrangement. The piston / cylinder assemblies 51A and 51B, respectively act in a medium component, in particular concrete tank 55 on the one hand and on the other hand in an S-shaped curved connecting pipe 57, the outlet of which is connected to the spray nozzle 61 via a line arrangement 59. The S-shaped connecting pipe 57 oscillates, driven around the axis A of the line system connection, in such a way that the piston / cylinder arrangement-side opening of the S-shaped connecting line 57 is sequentially sealingly connected to the piston / cylinder arrangements 51A, 51B. Component M ₁ is filled into tank 55. If this conveying device is used as an actuator in the control system according to the invention, the control intervention on the drive unit 53 takes place.

6 schematically shows the principle of a known conveying device 40 for the thin-stream conveying of the medium component M ₁ . It comprises a rotor 60 which is rotatably driven about an axis A and has receiving bushes 64 provided on the periphery. A filling device 66, such as a filling funnel, is mounted in a stationary manner. By rotating the rotor 60 between the sealing plates 61, 62, one sleeve 64 after the other is filled with the medium M ₁ through the filling device 66. Furthermore, a compressed air line 68 is provided in a stationary manner. The filled cans 64 are successively sealed to the mouth of the compressed air line 68. In this position, the medium component M _{1 is} ejected from the discharge opening 72 in the sealing plate 61 by the compressed air M ₂₁ . A further compressed air line 74 is pressurized with compressed air M ₂₂ for the further pneumatic advance of the respective portions.

In order to detect the delivered quantity of component M ₁ as defined above, in particular of concrete, according to the invention the detector 48a is preferably in the form of an inductive detector, like a "Speedmag Pulsmag V" detector from Endress + Hauser AG, CH-4153 Reinach BL, mounted in the area of the stationary filling device 66 or the funnel, which on the one hand has the advantages that the detector can be installed in a fixed position by providing only one detector is and in particular that the amount of component M _{1 delivered} can be measured in a relatively simple manner before pneumatic delivery begins.

The delivery rate of component M ₂ , namely the air, is preferably measured on a line (not shown) that feeds lines 68 and 74 together.

For the measurement of the delivered amount of component M ₁ or the setting of this amount in thin-current technology according to FIG. 4, but also more fundamentally using the control method according to the invention as an actuator for the amount of a powdery, granular or suspended medium sprayed out per unit of time, such as from Concrete, a conveyor unit of the type shown schematically in FIG. 7 is used as the second preferred solution instead of a detector 48a.

A rotary compression stage device 80 is provided, which is preferably a rotor device 60 according to FIG. 6. Instead of this, however, a cellular wheel sluice or, depending on the medium to be conveyed, a gear pump can also be used. On the output side, the rotary pressure stage device 80, analogous to the illustration in FIG. 6, feeds into a conveying line section 82, in which, by pressurizing via line 84, the conveying takes place pneumatically. Due to the pressurization through line 84, it turns out on the output side the device 80 is a pressure p ₂ substantially above atmospheric pressure.

The pressure on the inlet side of the rotary pressure stage device 80 is essentially atmospheric pressure, is at least substantially lower than p ₂ , so that the pressure difference Δp corresponding to the difference (p ₂ -p ₁ ) lies above the rotary pressure stage device 80.

The rotary compression stage device 80 is fed by a further rotary conveyor unit 86, the speed n _{86 of which can be} set. Depending on the medium to be conveyed, the conveying unit 86 can in turn be a cellular wheel sluice, a gear pump or, and preferably, a screw conveyor. On the input side, the delivery unit 86 is fed from the filling unit 66 according to FIG. 6 with the medium, usually under atmospheric pressure p ₁ .

The quantity ṁ of the medium M ₁ output from the line 82 per unit of time is set exclusively by setting the delivery speed n ₈₆ on the unit 86, whereas the unit 80 essentially serves exclusively to decouple the pressure between the outlet-side and inlet-side pressures. With a view of the rotor 60 according to FIG. 6, the latter is therefore operated at a given, constant speed, and by adjusting the size, n _{86 is} measured to what extent the bushes 64 are filled.

It has been shown that the quantity ṁ is given with high accuracy by the speed n ₈₆ , with which, with reference to FIG. 6 and in a cross-comparison with FIG. 7, the actual quantity is given by the actual speed n ₈₆ , with which the detector 48a can be omitted and, for example, by a Tachometer can be replaced. In addition, the variable n ₈₆ , for example in the above-described ratio control, can be used as a manipulated variable for the amount ṁ of the medium M ₁ in the ratio control loop. The precise coupling mentioned between the size ṁ and the speed n ₈₆ on the conveyor unit 86 results from the fact that the functions of pressure decoupling and quantity setting are separated.

FIG. 8 shows the preferred construction of the unit according to FIG. 7, which acts simultaneously as a detector and an actuator, is used, as mentioned, for powdery, granular media or for media which are in suspension, such as in particular for concrete.

According to FIG. 8, on the output side of the filling device 66 with the agitator 88 mounted and driven at the top, a screw conveyor 90 is provided, driven by the drive unit 92, with an adjustable speed n ₉₀ . The rotor device 96, which is used here as a rotary pressure stage unit and is driven by the drive unit 98 at the speed n ₉₆ , is fed via an outlet-side, preferably vertically arranged connection piece 94. The rotary pressure stage unit 96 is preferably constructed like the rotor unit according to FIG. 6. In analogy to FIG. 7, its output acts in the delivery line section 100, into which the compressed air line 102 opens.

mit der Proportionalitätskonstanten k, womit, wie in Fig. 8 schematisch dargestellt, die Drehzahl n₉₀ direkt als Detektorausgangssignal, beispielsweise für die Menge ṁ des Mediums M₁ gemäss Fig. 4 in Analogie zum Ausgang des Detektors 48a wirkend, der Einheit 10 zugeführt werden kann und gleichzeitig als Stellsignal von Einheit 10, beispielsweise zur Regelung des Verhältnisses M₁/M₃ gemäss Fig. 4, womit der Drehzahl-Steuereingang des Antriebes 92 als Stellsignaleingang im Regelkreis eingesetzt ist.When used in connection with the present invention, the speed n _{96 is} constant $$\dot{\text{m}}{\text{= k · <figure-callout id="90" label="n" filenames="imgf0005.png" state="{{state}}">n</figure-callout>}}_{\text{90}}\text{,}$$

with the proportionality constant k, with which, as in FIG. 8 schematically shown, the speed n ₉₀ acting directly as a detector output signal, for example for the amount ṁ of the medium M ₁ according to FIG. 4 in analogy to the output of the detector 48a, the unit 10 and at the same time as a control signal from unit 10, for example for control of the ratio M ₁ / M ₃ according to FIG. 4, with which the speed control input of the drive 92 is used as the control signal input in the control loop.

With the present invention, it is possible to carry out structural injections in which the sprayed medium is composed in an optimized manner in accordance with the respective requirements, it being ensured that this composition remains stationary as desired or varies in time as desired. As a spray medium e.g. Concrete or a medium lining the structure like a film can be used.

Claims (13)

Method for the automatic setting of the quantity of at least one component of a building structure spraying medium sprayed out per time unit, characterized in that a quantity dependent on the quantity of component dispensed per unit of time is measured during the spraying, - the measured variable as a control variable is compared with a predeterminable reference variable, - With the comparison difference, the output quantity of the component is set in a regulatory sense. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the quantities of at least two medium components output per unit of time are measured and the ratio of the measurement signals is formed, the resulting ratio being subjected to the comparison. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that with the comparison difference, the delivered amount of one and / or other of the at least two components is provided. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sprayed medium comprises: - Air, - At least one pneumatically conveyable component, which is in powdered, granular, sludge-like, viscous, viscous or in the form of a suspension, in particular in the form of a concrete component, - a liquid component, and that the dispensed quantity of at least one of these components, preferably in particular the at least one second, is measured. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that, in the sense of thin-stream conveyance, the pneumatically conveyable component is conveyed against an injection mold with the air component and that the amount of the pneumatically conveyable component conveyed per unit of time is measured before it is detected by the conveying air. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a component of the medium is powdery, granular, sludge-like, viscous or as a suspension, in particular concrete, and the amount of this component conveyed per unit of time by means of an inductive detector, preferably a detector of Type "Speedmag" from Endress + Hauser, CH-4153 Reinach BL, is measured. System for spraying structures with an spray medium, comprising: a conveying path for at least one component of the medium, which comprises a feed device, a conveying device and a conveying line to an injection mold, characterized in that a (6; 35; 48) measuring arrangement is provided along the conveying path (2) for the quantity conveyed per unit of time of at least the component, the output of which is operatively connected to the input of a difference-forming unit (7), an adjustable one on the second input Signal source (9) acts, the output of the difference-forming unit (7) having at least one control input (1s, 1as, 1bs) of an actuator (1, 1a, 20, 25, 29, 40, 42, 44) for the delivery rate of at least the component is actively connected along the funding path. System according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two (2a, 2b) of the delivery paths are each provided for a component of the medium, one of the measuring arrangements (6a, 6b) is provided along each of the delivery paths (2a, 2b), the outputs of Measuring arrangements act on a quotient formation unit (17), the output of which is operatively connected to the difference formation unit (7). System according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a first conveying path for a first medium component comprises a conveying unit (20) for a powdery, granular, sludge-like, viscous or suspension-like medium, in particular a concrete conveying device, and an air conveying device in a second conveying path (25) is provided, the output lines of the conveying devices (20, 25) being combined in the region of an injection mold (23). Plant according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a first conveyor (40) for a powdery, granular, sludge-like, viscous or suspension-like first component (M ₁ ), in particular for concrete, and that an air conveying device (42) acts on the output side on the first conveying device (40) as a source for conveying air, the measuring arrangement (48a) for the first component being provided on the first conveying device (40) along the conveying path for the first component (M ₁ ) alone. System according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that a further conveying device (29, 44) for a liquid component (43) opens into the conveying path of the other components in the region of an injection mold (23). Plant according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that a conveying path is provided for a component which is in powder, granular, mud-like, viscous or suspension form, in particular as concrete, and in that the measuring arrangement along this conveying path comprises an inductive detector, preferably in the form of a detector of the "Speedmag" type from Endress + Hauser, CH-4153 Reinach BL. Installation according to one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that a conveyor unit is provided for at least one component, which comprises: - a filling device, - following it a controllable mechanical conveyor, - following it a conveyor rotary compression device, which opens into a pneumatic delivery line, the control control input being provided on the controllable mechanical delivery device and / or a control variable (n ₉₆ ) on a control input being used directly as a measurement signal for the amount of medium (ṁ) delivered by the delivery unit.

Images