EP0774124B1 - Anordnung zum testen der erdung von wechselspannungssteckdosen und leitungstestschaltung - Google Patents

Anordnung zum testen der erdung von wechselspannungssteckdosen und leitungstestschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0774124B1
EP0774124B1 EP96922172A EP96922172A EP0774124B1 EP 0774124 B1 EP0774124 B1 EP 0774124B1 EP 96922172 A EP96922172 A EP 96922172A EP 96922172 A EP96922172 A EP 96922172A EP 0774124 B1 EP0774124 B1 EP 0774124B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot
neutral
circuit
outlet
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96922172A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0774124A4 (de
EP0774124A1 (de
Inventor
Larry A. Virgilio
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AW Sperry Instruments Inc
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AW Sperry Instruments Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AW Sperry Instruments Inc filed Critical AW Sperry Instruments Inc
Publication of EP0774124A1 publication Critical patent/EP0774124A1/de
Publication of EP0774124A4 publication Critical patent/EP0774124A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0774124B1 publication Critical patent/EP0774124B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/66—Testing of connections, e.g. of plugs or non-disconnectable joints
    • G01R31/67—Testing the correctness of wire connections in electric apparatus or circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for monitoring and testing electrical power supply devices, and more particularly to and for a standard 3-Wire 120 volt AC electrical outlet, which assures the user that the outlet has been wired properly and has acceptable grounding properties.
  • the total resistance of the circuit must not be greater than 6 ohms.
  • the most popular outlet tester on the market uses neon bulbs to indicate AC outlet miswires, these lamps requiring only 1 or 2 milliamperes to light or turn on. A faulty ground connection having a resistance as high as 120,000 ohms will light the lamp in this type of tester and the user will assume the outlet is safe to use when it is not.
  • a total duration of 3 to 5 microseconds with peak currents of 20 amps or more will not trip these interrupters and the resistance of the wiring can now be determined by detecting the amplitude of the current pulses. If the total resistance of the circuit is lower than a predetermined limit, the peak current will be high enough to trigger a light indicating the outlet is safe to use.
  • US-A-4857826 describes a tester system, which is adapted to be plugged into the outlet receptacle of an electrical power circuit for testing for faults which would affect the capability of the circuit to provide rated output voltage at rated load, whether the output line voltage is within a selected voltage range, and whether the receptacle has been properly wired to the high voltage or hot conductor, the low voltage or return conductor and to the earth grounding wire.
  • EP-A-0715172 and US-A-5525908 which were published after the date of filing of the present invention, describe electrical outlet testers.
  • the present invention provides the following advantages.
  • an electrical AC outlet monitoring and testing circuit device 10 that includes a first indicator light, a second indicator light, and a third indicator light.
  • the first indicator light is a Green LED D4
  • the second indicator light is a Red LED D2
  • the third indicator light is a Yellow LED D6. Only the Green LED D4 will light or flash when the AC outlet is wired correctly and a total resistance, which is defined as the arithmetic sum of the resistances of the HOT WIRE and of the Ground return, is below a predetermined ohmic resistance limit.
  • the predetermined ohmic resistance limit be set at about 6 ohms for a corresponding 20 (120 volts/6 ⁇ ) amperage current breaker.
  • LED's when lit or energized, will flash briefly several times a second.
  • the chart below shows the various faults and flashing light combinations for wiring faults that may be detected by tester 10.
  • the invention circuit simplicity will allow it to fit into a small hand-held, plug-in type enclosure, not shown. It is also self-powered from the AC line (outlet). Power is supplied from the Hot AC wire line 12 through Fuse Fl through Diode D1 and through current limiting resistor R2 to capacitor C1 via circuit line 13.
  • the voltage capacitor C1 will charge to is limited to 15 volts which is controlled by zener diode D3 which is connected in series with resistor R4 to circuit common CC which is connected to the Neutral wire line 16 of the AC outlet 18 under test.
  • the 15 volts appearing at the junction R2, D3, and C1 is connected to a current limiting resistor R1 which is connected to LED D2 which is connected to the anode of SCR Q1.
  • the cathode of Q1 is connected to circuit common CC and the gate of Q1 is connected to the junction of D3 and R4.
  • the voltage across C1 will cause current to flow through zener diode D3 and resistor R4.
  • the current through R4 will cause a voltage exceeding .6 volts to be developed across it and this voltage will then cause a current to flew into the gate of SCR Q1 which will cause Q1 to conduct current and light or energize LED D2.
  • LED D2 will remain on only briefly since the energy stored in capacitor C1 will be rapidly depleted and the current through Q1 will fall below its holding current.
  • Q2 is triggered before the voltage across C1 reaches 15 volts, then LED D4 will flash (be lit or energized intermittently) rather than LED D2.
  • Q2 is triggered by the action of a second relaxation oscillator circuit comprised of diode D1, SIDAC Q3, and the parallel combination of resistor R5 and capacitor C2 which are coupled to the ground connection of the AC outlet 18 by way of a wire loop 19 around coil L1, and circuit line 20.
  • This second relaxation oscillator will produce pulses at a predetermined rate two times that of the first relaxation oscillator mentioned above.
  • capacitor C2 When power is applied to the tester 10, upon plug-in to outlet 18, capacitor C2 has no voltage across it.
  • the voltage necessary to cause SIDAC Q3 to breakdown is 120 volts. Only the positive half cycles of the AC line voltage are passed by diode D1 and when the positive half of the line cycle reaches 120 volts, breakover device Q3 will become conductive causing capacitor C2 to rapidly charge in about 4 microseconds. At this time, the current through Q3 will fall below its holding current and Q3 will turn off. C2 will now begin to discharge through resistor R5 and when the voltage across C2 has fallen to a voltage low enough to allow 120 volts to again appear across Q3, the cycle will be repeated again. With the component values shown in FIG. 1, Q3 will fire approximately six (6) times a second.
  • the peak current that will flow is determined by the forward drop of diode D1, Q3 and the ESR of capacitor C2. Since these drops are very low, the main limit to the current flowing is the resistance of the AC wiring in outlet 18.
  • the current flowing through the loop 19 around coil L1 induces a voltage in coil L1 which voltage is applied to the gate of Q2 "via circuit line 21" which has a variable resistor connected from the gate of Q2 to circuit common CC.
  • This resistor R6 acts as a current shunt which controls the sensitivity of Q2, and R6 is set to prevent Q2 from triggering if the peak current pulse flowing in the loop 19 around coil L1 is below a predetermined level. If Q2 is not triggered due to insufficient current being sensed by coil L1, then the prior described first relaxation oscillator will become operative and the Red LED D2 will start to flash indicating a defective ground.
  • Reversed Hot and Neutral wires condition Upon detection of this condition, no potential difference will exist across the second oscillator, and Q3 will not fire or conduct which will allow the Red LED D2 to flash or be lit at a predetermined rate. The fact that Neutral is now Hot and Hot is now Neutral makes no difference to the first oscillator. The Yellow LED D6 will also flash at a pre-set rate since the third oscillator will now be connected across 120 volts AC and because the Neutral wire will now be Hot.
  • Hot on Neutral With Open Neutral Condition Only the Yellow LED D6 will light or flash at a pre-set rate since only the third oscillator circuit will have 120 volts across it. Here it is assumed that the Hot part/wire of the AC outlet is open and no wire is connected to it.
  • the present invention provides numerous advantages over the known prior art, and that the numerous fault detection operations of the invention unit are accomplished via a single self-contained, small hand-held, plug-in type, enclosure device which is powered from the AC line contained in the AC outlet under test.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Eigenständige, tragbare Steckvorrichtung (10) zum Testen der Stromleitfähigkeit des Phasenleiters und des Erdleiters einer Standardwechselspannungssteckdose (18), die Phasenleiter-, Nullleiter- und Erdleiteranschlüsse (12, 14, 16) aufweist, wobei die Vorrichtung ein Schaltkreismittel umfasst, das im Einsatz an die Phasenleiter-, Nullleiter- und Erdleiteranschlüsse der Wechselspannungssteckdose anschließbar ist, um Vorkommnisse von falsch verbundenen Anschlüssen der Phasenleiter-, Nullleiter- und Erdleiteranschlüsse (12, 14, 16) der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18) festzustellen und um solche Vorkommnisse visuell anzuzeigen,
       wobei das Schaltkreismittel ein erstes Anzeigelichtmittel (D4) aufweist, das wiederholt in Gang setzbar ist, wenn es im Einsatz ist, um sowohl einen korrekten Verdrahtungszustand der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18) als auch einen Zustand, in dem der Gesamtwiderstand des Phasenleiters und des Erdleiters unter einem vorbestimmten ohmschen Widerstandsgrenzwert liegt, anzuzeigen, wobei das Schaltkreismittel umfasst:
    a) einen ersten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis, der im Einsatz anschließbar ist zwischen den Phasen- und Nullleiteranschlüssen (12, 14) der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18), die getestet wird, und über das erste Anzeigelichtmittel (D4), wobei der erste Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis ein zweites Anzeigelichtmittel (D2) einschließt, das im Einsatz wiederholt in Gang gesetzt werden kann als Reaktion auf eine entsprechende vorbestimmte Spannungsamplitude, die zwischen den Anschlüssen zum Anschließen der Phasenleiterund Nullleiteranschlüsse anliegt;
    b) einen zweiten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis, der im Einsatz anschließbar ist zwischen den Phasenleiterund Erdleiteranschlüssen (12, 16), und der über den ersten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis angeschlossen ist, wobei der zweite Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis die wiederholte Ingangsetzung des ersten Anzeigelichtmittels (D4) veranlasst; und
    c) einen dritten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis, der im Einsatz anschließbar ist zwischen den Erdleiter- und Nullleiteranschlüssen (16, 14) der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18), die getestet wird, und der ein drittes Anzeigelichtmittel (D6) aufweist, das wiederholt in Gang gesetzt werden kann in Reaktion auf eine entsprechende vorbestimmte Spannungsamplitude, die zwischen Anschlüssen zum Anschließen der Erdleiter- und Nullleiteranschlüsse anliegt;
       wobei das Schaltkreismittel vom Phasenleiteranschluss (12) der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18), die getestet wird, versorgt wird, und wobei das Schaltkreismittel so eingerichtet ist, dass der Betrieb des zweiten Kippschwingungsschaltkreises, der die Ingangsetzung des ersten Anzeigelichtmittels veranlasst, den Betrieb des ersten Oszillatorschaltkreises und die entsprechende Ingangsetzung des zweiten Anzeigelichtmittels verhindert.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Rate der wiederholten Ingangsetzung des ersten lichtanzeigenden Mittels der Oszillationsrate im zweiten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis entspricht.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Schaltkreismittel so eingerichtet ist, dass die vorbestimmte Spannungsamplitude, die dem ersten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis entspricht, den Zustand einer defekten Erdleitung oder eines vertauschten Phasen- und Nullleiters anzeigt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Schaltkreismittel so eingerichtet ist, dass die vorbestimmte Spannungsamplitude, die dem dritten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreis entspricht, den Zustand eines offenen Nullleiters, oder den Zustand eines vertauschten Phasen- und Nullleiters, oder den Zustand von Phasenleiter auf Nullleiter mit offenem Nullleiter anzeigt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei das Schaltkreismittel so eingerichtet ist, dass der Zustand eines offenen Phasenleiters, oder der Zustand eines offenen Erdleiters und eines offenen Nullleiters die Unterdrückung der Ingangsetzung des ersten, zweiten und dritten Anzeigelichtmittels (D2, D4, D6) veranlasst, wodurch angezeigt wird, dass die Verkabelung der Wechselspannungssteckdose (18), die getestet wird, defekt ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Schaltkreismittel und die zweiten und dritten Kippschwingungsoszillatorschaltkreise so eingerichtet sind, dass der Zustand eines offenen Nullleiters die Ingangsetzung des ersten und des dritten Anzeigelichtmittels (D2, D6) veranlasst, und weiterhin so eingerichtet sind, dass der Zustand von vertauschtem Phasen- und Nullleiter eine Ingangsetzung der zweiten und dritten Anzeigelichtmittel (D4, D6) veranlasst.
EP96922172A 1995-06-01 1996-05-29 Anordnung zum testen der erdung von wechselspannungssteckdosen und leitungstestschaltung Expired - Lifetime EP0774124B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US457236 1995-06-01
US08/457,236 US5625285A (en) 1995-06-01 1995-06-01 AC power outlet ground integrity and wire test circuit device
PCT/IB1996/000714 WO1996039634A1 (en) 1995-06-01 1996-05-29 Ac power outlet ground integrity and wire test circuit device

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0774124A1 EP0774124A1 (de) 1997-05-21
EP0774124A4 EP0774124A4 (de) 1998-08-19
EP0774124B1 true EP0774124B1 (de) 2004-10-20

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Country Link
US (1) US5625285A (de)
EP (1) EP0774124B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH10513569A (de)
KR (1) KR100459574B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1078948C (de)
CA (1) CA2195937A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69633655T2 (de)
TW (1) TW297174B (de)
WO (1) WO1996039634A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TW297174B (de) 1997-02-01
KR100459574B1 (ko) 2005-05-13
CA2195937A1 (en) 1996-12-12
EP0774124A4 (de) 1998-08-19
US5625285A (en) 1997-04-29
CN1161748A (zh) 1997-10-08
WO1996039634A1 (en) 1996-12-12
CN1078948C (zh) 2002-02-06
DE69633655D1 (de) 2004-11-25
JPH10513569A (ja) 1998-12-22
DE69633655T2 (de) 2006-03-09
KR970705032A (ko) 1997-09-06
EP0774124A1 (de) 1997-05-21

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