EP0768507A1 - Ballistic-resistant moulded article - Google Patents

Ballistic-resistant moulded article Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0768507A1
EP0768507A1 EP96202774A EP96202774A EP0768507A1 EP 0768507 A1 EP0768507 A1 EP 0768507A1 EP 96202774 A EP96202774 A EP 96202774A EP 96202774 A EP96202774 A EP 96202774A EP 0768507 A1 EP0768507 A1 EP 0768507A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moulded article
monolayer
ballistic
matrix
content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96202774A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0768507B1 (en
Inventor
Ernst Lorenzo Van De Goot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke DSM NV
DSM IP Assets BV
Original Assignee
DSM NV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by DSM NV filed Critical DSM NV
Publication of EP0768507A1 publication Critical patent/EP0768507A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0768507B1 publication Critical patent/EP0768507B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0471—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • F41H5/0485—Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ballistic-resistant moulded article containing a compressed stack of monolayers, with each monolayer containing unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibres and a polymer as matrix, the fibre direction in each monolayer being rotated with respect to the fibre direction in an adjacent monolayer.
  • a moulded article is called a UD-composite.
  • the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the moulded article.
  • a moulded article of this kind is described in US-A-4,623,574, in which the matrix consists of an elastomer.
  • a disadvantage of this structure is that the structural stiffness and dimensional stability of these moulded articles are unacceptably low for many applications.
  • US-A-4,623,574 also describes moulded articles with a high structural stiffness but these have an unacceptably low protection level and an unacceptably high backface deformation upon the impact of a projectile. On account of the high backface deformation their application for body protection is out of the question because of the risk of injury (trauma effect).
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a ballistic-resistant moulded article which on the one hand has a high structural stiffness and dimensional stability and on the other hand offers a high protection level and a low trauma effect.
  • the reinforcing fibers being aramid fibers, the matrix polymer having a modulus of elasticity of more than 200 MPa, the monolayer having a fiber content of between 20 and 145 g/m 2 and the monolayer having a matrix content of at most 25 wt.%.
  • a further advantage of the moulded article according to the invention is that the moulded article retains its good ballistic-resistant properties at high temperatures (for example above 90°C) and does not delaminate upon repeated exposure to high temperatures because it is dimensionally stable. Because of these properties the moulded article is very suitable for protecting non-living objects (off-the-body armour), for example as a structural member of military vehicles, helicopters and the like.
  • the fibre content in the monolayer in the ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention is preferably between 20 and 120 g/m 2 . More preferably, the fibre content in the monolayer is at most 100 g/m 2 and most preferably at most 75 g/m 2 .
  • the advantage of a lower fibre content is that, in combination with the use of the specified matrix material, a lower matrix content may suffice to achieve sufficient fibre bonding as a result of which the advantages of the invention are even more pronounced.
  • a fibre content of less than 20 g/m 2 is unattractive from an economic point of view. In view of obtaining even better anti-ballistic properties the matrix content of the ballistic resistant moulded article is preferably choosen as low as possible.
  • the matrix content of the ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention is preferably at most 15 wt% and more preferably at most 10 wt%.
  • the matrix in the moulded article consists of a polymer with a modulus of elasticity higher than 200 MPa.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the matrix material is determined to ASTM D638. It has been found that very good results are obtained if the matrix polymer in the ballistic-resistant moulded article contains a vinyl ester.
  • the monolayer can be manufactured by known methods, for example as described in US-A-4.623.574. Preferably by pulling a number of fibres, preferably in the form of continuous multifilament yarns, from a fibre bobbin frame over a comb, causing them to be parallelly oriented in one plane. Preferably, before or after being parallelly oriented in one plane the fibres are coated with a quantity of a liquid substance which contains the matrix material or a precursor which at a later stage in the manufacture of the moulded article reacts to form the polymeric matrix material with the required modulus of elasticity. Precursor is here understood to be a monomer, an oligomer or a crosslinkable polymer. The liquid substance may be a solution, a dispersion or a melt.
  • the moulded article is manufactured by stacking a number of monolayers crosswise in a known manner, preferably at an angle of about 90°, and forming the stack into a consolidated structure via an increase in temperature and/or pressure.
  • the moulded article is preferably manufactured by compressing monolayers onto each other at a compressive pressure of at least 1 MPa, preferably at least 2.5 and most preferably at least 5 MPa at a temperature of more than 100°C and subsequently cooling without pressure.
  • the great advantage of this method is a much shorter cycle time, leading to a substantial reduction in production costs.
  • the monolayer is preferably manufactured by wetting continuous multifilament yarns with a solution of the matrix material.
  • the viscosity of the solution is preferably lower than 500 mPa.s.
  • the advantage of this is that it enables the required low matrix percentage in the moulded article according to the invention to be achieved more easily while a good fibre bond, which is required in view of the objective of the invention, is maintained.
  • good wetting of the filaments in the yarns is achieved on account of the low viscosity, despite the small total amount of matrix material applied.
  • the viscosity of the solution of the matrix material is measured with the aid of a Brookfield viscometer according to ASTM D2393-68.
  • the yarn titre is preferably at least 800 denier, more preferably at least 1,200 and most preferably at least 1,500 denier.
  • the ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention obtainable according to the method described above preferably has an SEA of at least 25 Jm 2 /kg, more preferably at least 28, even more preferably at least 30 and most preferably at least 32 Jm 2 /kg.
  • Backface deformation is preferably at most 20 mm, more preferably at most 15 mm. SEA and backface deformation are defined in the example.
  • a monolayer was manufactured using the method and apparatus described in WO 95/00318.
  • As matrix material a vinyl ester polymer based on Adlac 580/05® mixed with Dispercol KA 8584® in combination with Trigonox C® as curing agent was used. The modulus of elasticity of the matrix material was 3800 MPa.
  • the matrix material was dissolved in styrene.
  • the viscosity of the solution was 200 mPas. The solution was applied by passing the fibres through the solution.
  • a flat moulded article (30x30 cm.) was made by compressing 160 monolayers of 55.5 g/m 2 at 120°C for 20 minutes at a pressure of 10 bar, after which the moulded article was cooled without pressure.
  • the specific energy absorption (SEA) was determined according to the STANAG 2920 test, in which .22 calibre FSPs (Fragment Simulating Projectile), hereinafter referred to as fragments, with a weight of 1.1 g (to US MIL-P-46593), are fired at the ballistic structure in a defined manner.
  • the energy absorption (EA) is calculated from the kinetic energy of a fragment having the V 50 velocity.
  • the V 50 is the velocity at which the probability of bullets penetrating the ballistic structure is 50%.
  • the specific energy absorption (SEA) is calculated by dividing the energy absorption EA by the areal density AD of the moulded article.
  • the trauma effect is measured by placing the ballistic-resistant moulded article against a clay background and measuring the depth of the backface deformation upon impact.
  • the V 50 was 707 m/s
  • the SEA was 31 Jm 2 /kg
  • backface deformation was 15 mm.
  • the stiffness was high, which means that the moulded article proves to be suitable for use in structural mouldings.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballistic-resistant article containing a compressed stack of monolayers, with each monolayer containing unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibres and a matrix consisting of a polymer, the fibre direction in each monolayer being rotated with respect to the fibre direction in an adjacent monolayer. The moulded article has both a high structural stiffness and dimensional stability and a high protection level and a low trauma effect because the monolayer has a fibre content of between 20 and 145 g/m2 and a matrix content of at most 25 wt.%, the reinforcing fibres are aramid fibres and the matrix polymer has a modulus of elasticity of more than 200 MPa.

Description

  • The invention relates to a ballistic-resistant moulded article containing a compressed stack of monolayers, with each monolayer containing unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibres and a polymer as matrix, the fibre direction in each monolayer being rotated with respect to the fibre direction in an adjacent monolayer. Such a moulded article is called a UD-composite. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the moulded article.
  • A moulded article of this kind is described in US-A-4,623,574, in which the matrix consists of an elastomer. A disadvantage of this structure is that the structural stiffness and dimensional stability of these moulded articles are unacceptably low for many applications. US-A-4,623,574 also describes moulded articles with a high structural stiffness but these have an unacceptably low protection level and an unacceptably high backface deformation upon the impact of a projectile. On account of the high backface deformation their application for body protection is out of the question because of the risk of injury (trauma effect).
  • The object of the invention is therefore to provide a ballistic-resistant moulded article which on the one hand has a high structural stiffness and dimensional stability and on the other hand offers a high protection level and a low trauma effect.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by the reinforcing fibers being aramid fibers, the matrix polymer having a modulus of elasticity of more than 200 MPa, the monolayer having a fiber content of between 20 and 145 g/m2 and the monolayer having a matrix content of at most 25 wt.%.
  • A further advantage of the moulded article according to the invention is that the moulded article retains its good ballistic-resistant properties at high temperatures (for example above 90°C) and does not delaminate upon repeated exposure to high temperatures because it is dimensionally stable. Because of these properties the moulded article is very suitable for protecting non-living objects (off-the-body armour), for example as a structural member of military vehicles, helicopters and the like.
  • The fibre content in the monolayer in the ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention is preferably between 20 and 120 g/m2. More preferably, the fibre content in the monolayer is at most 100 g/m2 and most preferably at most 75 g/m2. The advantage of a lower fibre content is that, in combination with the use of the specified matrix material, a lower matrix content may suffice to achieve sufficient fibre bonding as a result of which the advantages of the invention are even more pronounced. A fibre content of less than 20 g/m2 is unattractive from an economic point of view. In view of obtaining even better anti-ballistic properties the matrix content of the ballistic resistant moulded article is preferably choosen as low as possible. The matrix content of the ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention is preferably at most 15 wt% and more preferably at most 10 wt%. The matrix in the moulded article consists of a polymer with a modulus of elasticity higher than 200 MPa. The modulus of elasticity of the matrix material is determined to ASTM D638. It has been found that very good results are obtained if the matrix polymer in the ballistic-resistant moulded article contains a vinyl ester.
  • The monolayer can be manufactured by known methods, for example as described in US-A-4.623.574. Preferably by pulling a number of fibres, preferably in the form of continuous multifilament yarns, from a fibre bobbin frame over a comb, causing them to be parallelly oriented in one plane. Preferably, before or after being parallelly oriented in one plane the fibres are coated with a quantity of a liquid substance which contains the matrix material or a precursor which at a later stage in the manufacture of the moulded article reacts to form the polymeric matrix material with the required modulus of elasticity. Precursor is here understood to be a monomer, an oligomer or a crosslinkable polymer. The liquid substance may be a solution, a dispersion or a melt.
  • The moulded article is manufactured by stacking a number of monolayers crosswise in a known manner, preferably at an angle of about 90°, and forming the stack into a consolidated structure via an increase in temperature and/or pressure. The moulded article is preferably manufactured by compressing monolayers onto each other at a compressive pressure of at least 1 MPa, preferably at least 2.5 and most preferably at least 5 MPa at a temperature of more than 100°C and subsequently cooling without pressure. The great advantage of this method is a much shorter cycle time, leading to a substantial reduction in production costs.
  • In the method for manufacturing a moulded article the monolayer is preferably manufactured by wetting continuous multifilament yarns with a solution of the matrix material. The viscosity of the solution is preferably lower than 500 mPa.s. The advantage of this is that it enables the required low matrix percentage in the moulded article according to the invention to be achieved more easily while a good fibre bond, which is required in view of the objective of the invention, is maintained. By using a solution, good wetting of the filaments in the yarns is achieved on account of the low viscosity, despite the small total amount of matrix material applied. The viscosity of the solution of the matrix material is measured with the aid of a Brookfield viscometer according to ASTM D2393-68. In addition, with a view to achieving the required low matrix percentage the yarn titre is preferably at least 800 denier, more preferably at least 1,200 and most preferably at least 1,500 denier.
  • The ballistic-resistant moulded article according to the invention obtainable according to the method described above preferably has an SEA of at least 25 Jm2/kg, more preferably at least 28, even more preferably at least 30 and most preferably at least 32 Jm2/kg. Backface deformation is preferably at most 20 mm, more preferably at most 15 mm. SEA and backface deformation are defined in the example.
    • Example:
  • A monolayer was manufactured using the method and apparatus described in WO 95/00318. As reinforcing fibres Twaron 2000® yarns with a titre of 1680 cN/dtex were used. The yarns were parallelly oriented in one plane with a yarn weight of 50.4 g/m2. As matrix material a vinyl ester polymer based on Adlac 580/05® mixed with Dispercol KA 8584® in combination with Trigonox C® as curing agent was used. The modulus of elasticity of the matrix material was 3800 MPa. The matrix material was dissolved in styrene. The viscosity of the solution was 200 mPas. The solution was applied by passing the fibres through the solution. The amount of matrix material (after drying) was 9 wt.%. A flat moulded article (30x30 cm.) was made by compressing 160 monolayers of 55.5 g/m2 at 120°C for 20 minutes at a pressure of 10 bar, after which the moulded article was cooled without pressure.
  • The specific energy absorption (SEA) was determined according to the STANAG 2920 test, in which .22 calibre FSPs (Fragment Simulating Projectile), hereinafter referred to as fragments, with a weight of 1.1 g (to US MIL-P-46593), are fired at the ballistic structure in a defined manner. The energy absorption (EA) is calculated from the kinetic energy of a fragment having the V50 velocity. The V50 is the velocity at which the probability of bullets penetrating the ballistic structure is 50%. The specific energy absorption (SEA) is calculated by dividing the energy absorption EA by the areal density AD of the moulded article. The trauma effect is measured by placing the ballistic-resistant moulded article against a clay background and measuring the depth of the backface deformation upon impact. The V50 was 707 m/s, the SEA was 31 Jm2/kg, backface deformation was 15 mm. The stiffness was high, which means that the moulded article proves to be suitable for use in structural mouldings.

Claims (9)

  1. Ballistic-resistant moulded article containing a compressed stack of monolayers, with each monolayer containing unidirectionally oriented reinforcing fibres and a matrix consisting of a polymer, the fibre direction in each monolayer being rotated with respect to the fibre direction in an adjacent monolayer, characterized in that the reinforcing fibers are aramid fibers, the matrix polymer has modulus of elasticity of more than 200 MPa, the monolayer has a fiber content of between 20 and 145 g/m2 and the monolayer has a matrix content of at most 25 wt.%.
  2. Ballistic-resistant moulded article according to claim 1, characterized in that the fibre content in the monolayers is between 20 and 120 g/m2.
  3. Ballistic-resistant moulded article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the matrix content is at most 15 wt.%
  4. Ballistic-resistant moulded article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the matrix content is at most 10 wt.%
  5. Ballistic-resistant moulded article according to any one of the claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the matrix material contains a vinyl ester polymer.
  6. Process for manufacturing a moulded article according to any one of the claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the monolayer has been manufactured by wetting continuous multifilament yarns with a solution of the matrix material.
  7. Process according to claim 6, characterized in that the viscosity of the solution is lower than 500 mPas.
  8. Process according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the moulded article is manufactured by compressing monolayers onto each other at a compressive pressure of at least 1 MPa at a temperature higher than 100°C and subsequently cooling without pressure.
  9. Ballistic-resistant moulded article according to any one of the claims 1-5 or obtainable according to the process of claims 6 - 8, characterized in that the moulded article has an SEA of at least 25 Jm2/kg.
EP96202774A 1995-10-13 1996-10-04 Ballistic-resistant moulded article and manufacturing method therefore Expired - Lifetime EP0768507B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1001415A NL1001415C2 (en) 1995-10-13 1995-10-13 Anti-ballistic molded part.
NL1001415 1995-10-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0768507A1 true EP0768507A1 (en) 1997-04-16
EP0768507B1 EP0768507B1 (en) 2001-01-17

Family

ID=19761700

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EP96202774A Expired - Lifetime EP0768507B1 (en) 1995-10-13 1996-10-04 Ballistic-resistant moulded article and manufacturing method therefore

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0768507B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69611587T2 (en)
IL (1) IL119411A (en)
NL (1) NL1001415C2 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000061435A1 (en) * 1999-03-20 2000-10-19 Survival, Incorporated Ballistic resistant panel and method of making
EP1627719A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2006-02-22 FMS Enterprises Migun Ltd. Multilayered polyethylene material and ballistic resistant articles manufactured therefrom
ES2260998A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2006-11-01 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Method of molding by compression of reinforced thermoplastics. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US7629277B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2009-12-08 Honeywell International Inc. Frag shield
US8021592B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2011-09-20 Propex Operating Company Llc Process for fabricating polypropylene sheet
US8052913B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2011-11-08 Propex Operating Company Llc Process for fabricating polymeric articles
US8664328B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2014-03-04 Dow Corning Corporation Emulsions of boron crosslinked organopolysiloxanes

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0197279A2 (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-10-15 AlliedSignal Inc. Complex composite article having improved impact resistance
EP0199019A2 (en) * 1985-02-25 1986-10-29 AlliedSignal Inc. Ballistic-resistant fabric article
US4623574A (en) * 1985-01-14 1986-11-18 Allied Corporation Ballistic-resistant composite article
GB2227450A (en) * 1988-10-20 1990-08-01 Tong Yang Nylon Co Ltd Method for manufacturing a fabric reinforced composite article having ballisticresistance
US5006390A (en) * 1989-06-19 1991-04-09 Allied-Signal Rigid polyethylene reinforced composites having improved short beam shear strength
US5124195A (en) * 1990-01-10 1992-06-23 Allied-Signal Inc. Flexible coated fibrous webs
US5173138A (en) * 1990-08-08 1992-12-22 Blauch Denise A Method and apparatus for the continuous production of cross-plied material
EP0658589A1 (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-06-21 AlliedSignal Inc. High strength composite

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4820568A (en) * 1987-08-03 1989-04-11 Allied-Signal Inc. Composite and article using short length fibers

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4623574A (en) * 1985-01-14 1986-11-18 Allied Corporation Ballistic-resistant composite article
EP0199019A2 (en) * 1985-02-25 1986-10-29 AlliedSignal Inc. Ballistic-resistant fabric article
EP0197279A2 (en) * 1985-02-28 1986-10-15 AlliedSignal Inc. Complex composite article having improved impact resistance
GB2227450A (en) * 1988-10-20 1990-08-01 Tong Yang Nylon Co Ltd Method for manufacturing a fabric reinforced composite article having ballisticresistance
US5006390A (en) * 1989-06-19 1991-04-09 Allied-Signal Rigid polyethylene reinforced composites having improved short beam shear strength
US5124195A (en) * 1990-01-10 1992-06-23 Allied-Signal Inc. Flexible coated fibrous webs
US5173138A (en) * 1990-08-08 1992-12-22 Blauch Denise A Method and apparatus for the continuous production of cross-plied material
EP0658589A1 (en) * 1993-10-29 1995-06-21 AlliedSignal Inc. High strength composite

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6562435B1 (en) 1999-03-20 2003-05-13 Survival, Incorporated Method for forming or securing unindirectionally-oriented fiber strands in sheet form, such as for use in a ballistic-resistant panel
WO2000061435A1 (en) * 1999-03-20 2000-10-19 Survival, Incorporated Ballistic resistant panel and method of making
US8021592B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2011-09-20 Propex Operating Company Llc Process for fabricating polypropylene sheet
US8871333B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2014-10-28 Ian MacMillan Ward Interlayer hot compaction
US8052913B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2011-11-08 Propex Operating Company Llc Process for fabricating polymeric articles
US8268439B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2012-09-18 Propex Operating Company, Llc Process for fabricating polymeric articles
US9403341B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2016-08-02 Propex Operating Company Llc Interlayer hot compaction
US10850479B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2020-12-01 Canco Hungary Investment Ltd. Process for fabricating polymeric articles
ES2260998A1 (en) * 2004-03-26 2006-11-01 Universidad Politecnica De Madrid Method of molding by compression of reinforced thermoplastics. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP1627719A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2006-02-22 FMS Enterprises Migun Ltd. Multilayered polyethylene material and ballistic resistant articles manufactured therefrom
EP3015240A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2016-05-04 DSM IP Assets B.V. Mono- and multilayered polyethylene materials and ballistic resistant articles manufactured therefrom
EP3231571A1 (en) 2004-08-16 2017-10-18 DSM IP Assets B.V. Mono- and multilayered polyethylene materials and ballistic resistant articles manufactured therefrom
US7629277B2 (en) 2005-11-23 2009-12-08 Honeywell International Inc. Frag shield
US8664328B2 (en) 2008-04-14 2014-03-04 Dow Corning Corporation Emulsions of boron crosslinked organopolysiloxanes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69611587D1 (en) 2001-02-22
DE69611587T2 (en) 2001-08-23
NL1001415C2 (en) 1997-04-15
IL119411A (en) 2001-08-08
EP0768507B1 (en) 2001-01-17
IL119411A0 (en) 1997-01-10

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