EP0768017B1 - Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu - Google Patents

Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0768017B1
EP0768017B1 EP95922361A EP95922361A EP0768017B1 EP 0768017 B1 EP0768017 B1 EP 0768017B1 EP 95922361 A EP95922361 A EP 95922361A EP 95922361 A EP95922361 A EP 95922361A EP 0768017 B1 EP0768017 B1 EP 0768017B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
melted
charge
furnace
crucible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95922361A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0768017A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Marie Derkenne
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/005—Electrical diagrams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/03—Electrodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the fusion of a solid material, in particular a metallic or ceramic filler, in an oven electric, in order to form an electrofused product, as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • One of the essential aims of the present invention is to propose a method allowing the manufacture, in a very simple and economically justified manner, of a electrofused product from a wide variety of electrically conductive solids or not.
  • the charge of the solid material to be melted should preferably be electrically conductive. If the charge is no conductive, special precautions must be taken when starting the fusion, such as the addition of carbon or graphite, to allow the creation of a electric current through the load.
  • Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol.14, n ° 172 (M-958), 07/04/1990 and JP-A-02025292 relates to a process having the characteristics described by the preamble of claim 1 but in which the production control is relatively complex and random.
  • the invention aims to propose a method which makes it possible to remedy the disadvantages of known methods and which may also be suitable for a charge electrically conductive or non-conductive without that for the latter, special precautions must be taken.
  • the invention also relates to an electric oven for the preparation of an electrofused product, in particular for implementing the aforementioned process, comprising a crucible, at least two electrodes extending through the side wall of the oven and means for creating between the free ends of these electrodes a electric current, the electrodes being inclined relative to each other and movable relative to each other between a close position, where their free ends are possibly in contact with each other, and a separated position, where these ends are at a certain distance from each other, while being in contact with the load to be melted, means being provided to allow these ends to be displaced substantially continuously between these two positions.
  • Such an oven is for example known from document FR-A-483,147.
  • the oven according to the invention is characterized in that the electrodes are each mounted on a support, the mounting being tilting around a point outside the oven separated from the side wall of the latter and in translation along their respective axis and in what the electrodes extend freely through the side wall, each in a respective opening provided therein the cross section of which is such as to form an annular passage around the respective electrode corresponding, the angle ( ⁇ ) formed between the axes of these electrodes can vary between 15 ° and 165 °, the crucible being closed at its upper part by a vault in which is provided an opening to introduce the load into the crucible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a section vertical of an oven according to this embodiment particular.
  • Figure 2 is a view along line II-II of figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the electrode supply circuit.
  • the invention relates generally to a process for melting a solid which can be of a very varied nature, but which is more particularly formed by a load of refractory products intended for be subjected to oxidation, in order to form a electrofused refractory product.
  • the fusion takes place in an electric oven comprising at least two electrodes between the ends free of which an electric current can be created providing the energy necessary for said fusion.
  • the heating is mainly due to the Joule effect of the resistance opposed by the load, in which the electrodes are partially submerged, passing the Electric power. It is, in fact, as well as a matter solid which is non-conductive of electricity becomes generally electrically conductive when it is brought to the liquid state.
  • the material to be melted is sufficient conductive of electricity and is, for example, formed of a metallic charge
  • the heating obtained is thus due, in part, to the heat of the arcs gushing out within solid matter and, in part, to the Joule effect of the resistance opposed by the load, in which the electrodes are partially submerged, passing the Electric power.
  • the positions close and apart may vary depending on the nature of the charge to melt. So, for example, for loads not electrically conductive, in the position close together, the electrodes practically touch each other or are very close to each other so that you can create a arc between their opposite ends, while this is not not necessarily the case for a conductive load.
  • this brewing is advantageously created by bringing together again the electrodes from each other for a while after all the material is melted.
  • the attached figures relate to an oven electric for the manufacture of an electrofused product and in particular for the implementation of the method described above.
  • This oven includes a crucible 1 closed at its part upper by a vault 2 in which is provided a opening 3 to introduce the charge to be melted in the crucible 1.
  • Two electrodes 4 and 5, inclined one by relative to each other, are each mounted on a support 6 electrically isolated and located laterally relative to at crucible 1, on either side of the latter, and this in such a way as to be able to undergo a translation between a close position, where their free ends are possibly in contact with each other, and a spread position, where these ends are at a some distance from each other.
  • the electrodes freely penetrate into openings in the side walls 1 'of the crucible 1 and the section is such as to form an annular passage 19 allowing air entry into the oven and tilting electrodes.
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the axes of the electrodes can vary between 15 ° and 165 °.
  • the tilting advantageously takes place around from a point 28 outside the oven and sufficiently separated from the wall 1 'of the latter, so as to obtain an arm of tipping electrodes 4 and 5 as large as possible in the oven and thus perfect control of the evolution of melting regardless of the amount of material used artwork.
  • This tipping point 28 is located in practice on the support 6.
  • each support 6 includes a base 7 on which is fixed a column 8 to the upper end of which, forming the point of tilt 28, is articulated a cradle 9 in which a electrode can be removably attached with hoops 10.
  • a motorized adjusting flywheel 11 or no is provided in the cradle 9 for submitting the electrodes in translation in the direction of the arrows 12 and thus to vary the spacing between the ends free 13 of the electrodes 4 and 5 inside the crucible 1. This spacing can also be adjusted by tilting electrodes around point 28, as already indicated above.
  • the bottom of crucible 1 has a wall cylindrical outer 15 with which it rests, by through rollers 16, on a base 14, these rollers able to move in rails 17 provided on this cylindrical wall 15.
  • a tap hole 18 is formed in the side wall of crucible 1, substantially halfway up this one.
  • electrodes 4 and 5 extend completely freely through the walls 1 'of the oven, forming no contact with them constitutes a very important characteristic that distinguishes this oven from known electrofusion furnaces.
  • the electrodes are generally mounted in the walls of the latter and are suspended tilting in devices relatively complex subjected to high temperatures for which, therefore, very careful important must be taken, especially for the protection of the electrodes against these high temperatures.
  • the presence of such devices is also often the reason why these known ovens cannot work only at temperatures of the order of 1600 ° C.
  • annular passage 19 sufficiently important is provided around the electrodes thus allowing cold air circulation around these at through this passage and that, moreover, they went up each on a lateral support 6 quite distant from the walls 1 ', no special precautions should be taken to protection of these electrodes and their support vis-à-vis high temperatures prevailing in the crucible.
  • FIG 3 which schematically shows the electrical supply circuit for electrodes 4 and 5, is connected, in 29, to the network in a traditional way via a circuit breaker, not shown, and includes a self-induction coil 20 which can be connected in series with electrodes 4 and 5 when these the latter are in their aforementioned close position.
  • a switch 21 is provided for short-circuiting this coil 20 when the electrodes 4 and 5 are in their aforementioned spread position.
  • This circuit also includes a transformer 27 allowing the voltage to be applied across the electrodes and ensure the current density required to create the fusion. It can, more particularly, be a conventional transformer with voltage ratio fixed, e.g. 220V / 11000V.
  • a main switch 22 allows close the electrical circuit and thus put the electrodes 4 and 5 energized.
  • the spacing of the electrodes is increased and this in taking care that the current density between the electrodes passing through the melt 24 remains sufficiently important to create the heating necessary for the fusion progressive of the neighboring solid 23.
  • a charge of 1500 was introduced into the oven kg which had the following composition: 33% oxide zirconium, 50% aluminum oxide, 14% oxide silicon and 3% alkaline salt formed from bicarbonate of sodium, while its mean particle size varied from 0.5 mm to 15 cm (diameter).
  • the energy at the electrodes was of the order of 300kW. After about 5 minutes, a quantity was obtained of the molten charge 24 around the ends 13 of the electrodes 4 and 5 sufficient to allow short-circuiting the self-induction coil 20 and we have, for therefore, close the switch 21 while simultaneously removing gradually time the electrodes apart.
  • This liquid mass 24 being conductive of electricity, the electric current therefore propagated between these electrodes 4 and 5 through the molten part 24 of the load.
  • the total duration of the merger was around 45 minutes while the temperature was around at 2250 ° C.
  • the heat produced was sufficient to allow the load to gradually melt during as we continued to increase the distance between electrodes and this until the full charge is fondue.
  • this merger was carried out in continuous keeping crucible 1 in one position inclined in such a way that the molten glass mass could flow overflowing through the hole flow 18 as the merger progresses while at the same time adding the charge to melt in the crucible through opening 3 in the roof of the oven.
  • the oven can work as well while running continuous than in single-phase current than in three-phase current.
  • the mounting of the electrodes 4 and 5 relative to crucible 1 is such that it is possible to adjust their angle of incidence a by relative to the level of the load to be melted.
  • we ensures that the electrodes can also be subjected to some tilting on the column 8 of the support 6 with a relatively large amplitude, especially thanks to the fact that the tipping point is far from the wall of the oven.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
EP95922361A 1994-06-24 1995-06-19 Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu Expired - Lifetime EP0768017B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9400604A BE1008485A3 (fr) 1994-06-24 1994-06-24 Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu.
BE9400604 1994-06-24
PCT/BE1995/000057 WO1996000489A1 (fr) 1994-06-24 1995-06-19 Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0768017A1 EP0768017A1 (fr) 1997-04-16
EP0768017B1 true EP0768017B1 (fr) 1998-08-26

Family

ID=3888220

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95922361A Expired - Lifetime EP0768017B1 (fr) 1994-06-24 1995-06-19 Procede et four pour la fabrication d'un produit fondu

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0768017B1 (ru)
AT (1) ATE170356T1 (ru)
AU (1) AU705587B2 (ru)
BE (1) BE1008485A3 (ru)
BG (1) BG62150B1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2192068A1 (ru)
CZ (1) CZ289969B6 (ru)
DE (1) DE69504350T2 (ru)
ES (1) ES2124557T3 (ru)
HU (1) HU220470B1 (ru)
PL (1) PL176908B1 (ru)
RU (1) RU2144285C1 (ru)
SK (1) SK283103B6 (ru)
WO (1) WO1996000489A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100050932A1 (en) * 2008-08-27 2010-03-04 Bp Corporation North America Inc. Apparatus and Method of Direct Electric Melting a Feedstock

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1449307A (en) * 1923-03-20 Best available corn
FR483147A (fr) * 1915-01-25 1917-05-31 Francesco Bassanese Four électrique basculant pour fusion et affinage des métaux
FR499315A (fr) * 1918-10-22 1920-02-07 Louis Amilcar Yves Ferron Perfectionnements aux fours électriques
JPH0225292A (ja) * 1988-07-12 1990-01-26 Kawasaki Steel Corp 溶融型フラックスの溶融スタート方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT76456A (en) 1997-09-29
DE69504350D1 (de) 1998-10-01
ES2124557T3 (es) 1999-02-01
BE1008485A3 (fr) 1996-05-07
PL176908B1 (pl) 1999-08-31
CA2192068A1 (fr) 1996-01-04
ATE170356T1 (de) 1998-09-15
BG101072A (en) 1997-06-30
HU220470B1 (hu) 2002-02-28
AU705587B2 (en) 1999-05-27
SK283103B6 (sk) 2003-02-04
EP0768017A1 (fr) 1997-04-16
CZ376096A3 (en) 1997-06-11
DE69504350T2 (de) 1999-03-25
RU2144285C1 (ru) 2000-01-10
SK165496A3 (en) 1997-12-10
BG62150B1 (bg) 1999-03-31
CZ289969B6 (cs) 2002-05-15
WO1996000489A1 (fr) 1996-01-04
AU2708795A (en) 1996-01-19
HU9603424D0 (en) 1997-02-28
PL317937A1 (en) 1997-04-28

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