EP0763266A1 - Etalonnage d'un groupement d'antennes - Google Patents

Etalonnage d'un groupement d'antennes

Info

Publication number
EP0763266A1
EP0763266A1 EP95920362A EP95920362A EP0763266A1 EP 0763266 A1 EP0763266 A1 EP 0763266A1 EP 95920362 A EP95920362 A EP 95920362A EP 95920362 A EP95920362 A EP 95920362A EP 0763266 A1 EP0763266 A1 EP 0763266A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
correction factors
calibrating
antenna array
array according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95920362A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Björn Gunnar JOHANNISSON
Ulf Forss N
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Publication of EP0763266A1 publication Critical patent/EP0763266A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna array for use in a base station in a cellular communication system, and more particularly to an antenna array calibration system for improving the performance of base stations.
  • Figure 1 illustrates ten cells Cl -CIO in a typical cellular mobile radio communication system. Normally, a cellular mobile radio system would be implemented with more than ten cells. However, for the purposes of simplicity, the present invention can be explained using the simplified representaticm illustrated in Figure 1. For each cell, C1-C10, there is a base station B1-B10 with the same reference number as the corresponding cell. Figure 1 illustrates the base stations as situated in the vicinity of the cell center and having omnidirectional antennas.
  • Figure 1 also illustrates nine mobile stations M1-M9 which are movable within a cell and from one cell to another. In a typical cellular radio system, there would normally be more than nine cellular mobile stations. In fact, there are typically many times the number of mobile stations as there are base stations. However, for the purposes of explaining the present invention, the reduced number of mobile stations is sufficient. Also illustrated in Figure 1 is a mobile switching center MSC.
  • the mobile switching center MSC illustrated in Figure 1 is connected to all ten base stations B1-B10 by cables.
  • the mobile switching center MSC is also connected by cables to a fixed switch telephone network or similar fixed network. All cables from the mobile switching center MSC to the base stations B1-B10 and cables to the fixed network are not illustrated.
  • mobile switching center MSC there may be additional mobile switching centers connected by cables to base stations other than those illustrated in Figure 1.
  • cables other means, for example, fixed radio links may also be used to connect base stations to mobile switching centers.
  • the mobile switching center MSC, the base stations and the mobile stations are all computer controlled.
  • each base station has an omnidirectional or directional antenna for broadcasting signals throughout the area covered by the base station.
  • signals for particular mobile stations are broadcast throughout the entire coverage area regardless of the relative positions of the mobile stations using the system.
  • the transmitter has one power amplifier per carrier frequency.
  • Amplified signals are combined and connected to a common antenna which has a wide azimuth beam. Due to the wide beam width of the common antenna, for example 120 or 360 degrees coverage in azimuth, the antenna gain is low and there is no spatial selectivity to use to reduce interference problems.
  • antenna systems have been designed which increase the gain of the transmitted signals while decreasing the interference problems associated with a typical base station.
  • One such antenna system is described in U.S. Patent Application No. , entitled
  • Microstrip Antenna Array which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the disclosed microstrip antenna array uses several beams with narrow beam width to cover the area served by the base station. As a result, the gain of the individual beams can be higher than the typical wide beam used by an traditional antenna. Furthermore, polarization diversity can be used instead of spacial diversity to reduce fading variations and interference problems. However, in order to more accurately shape and direct antenna beams, these array antennas need to be accurately calibrated.
  • a method and apparatus for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system are disclosed. First, an input signal is inputted into each antenna section one antenna section at a time. The signal transmitted by each antenna section is then measured and correction factors can be formed for each antenna section. The antenna sections are then adjusted using the correction factors so as to ensure that each section is properly calibrated.
  • a method and apparatus for calibrating the reception of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system are disclosed. First, an input signal is generated and injected into each antenna section of the antenna array. The signals received by each antenna section are measured and a correction signal can then be formed for each antenna section by comparing the injected signal with the measured signals. Each antenna section can then be adjusted using the correction factors so as to ensure that each antenna section is properly calibrated. The correlation factors can also be adjusted for known characteristics of the individual antenna elements.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a typical cellular radio communication system
  • Figure 2 illustrates a configuration for obtaining calibration factors for the reception of an antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 illustrates a configuration for obtaining calibration factors for the transmission of an antenna array according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates beam forming correction according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 illustrates digital correction of beam forming according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is primarily intended for use in base stations in cellular communication systems, although it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention can also be used in other various communication applications.
  • a calibration network is used to calibrate the components associated with each antenna section of an antenna array.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a configuration for calibrating the reception of an antenna array in a base station configuration. The reception calibration is performed by injecting a known signal to each antenna section and measuring the output from each antenna section.
  • a transmitter 18 generates a signal which is applied to each antenna section 10 by a calibration network 16 which is a passive distribution network dividing the generated signal to a calibration port at each antenna section.
  • Each signal is then passed through its respective low noise amplifier 12 and the resulting signal is detected in the beam forming apparatus 14.
  • the beam forming apparatus 14 can then generate correction factors by comparing the transmitted signal to the received signal so as to individually calibrate each antenna section of the antenna array 10.
  • a beam forming apparatus 34 generates a transmit signal which is applied to each antenna section of the antenna array 30, one antenna section at a time.
  • the calibration network 36 samples the resulting signal from each antenna section.
  • the resulting signal is then fed into a receiver 38.
  • a computation means 40 relates the received signal from the receiver 38 with the original transmit signal for each antenna section. The occurrence of errors and component behavior will alter these relations which will be detected by the computation means and correction factors describing the amount of corrections needed as the compensation in each antenna section are calculated.
  • the correction factors can be described as amplitude and phase corrections or corrections in I and Q.
  • the antenna array uses the measured correction factors to form narrow antenna beams with preferably low side lobe levels.
  • the correction factors can be used to adjust the phase and/or amplitude of the signal between the beam forming apparatus 42 and the antenna array 44.
  • the correction factors can be applied to an amplifier 46 to change the amplitude of the signal and/or to a phase shifter 48 for changing the phase of the signal.
  • the correction factors can be used by the beam forming apparatus if digital beam forming is being used by adding the I and Q correction factors digitally before A/D conversion.
  • the present invention severely reduces the accuracies required of the components connected to each antenna section because the present invention measures and corrects for errors generated by these components.
  • the calibration network simultaneously tests the devices associated with each antenna section so as to verify that the antenna array is working properly.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil d'étalonnage de la transmission d'un groupement d'antennes destiné à être utilisé dans un système de radiocommunication mobile afin d'accroître la précision de la forme et de la direction du faisceau d'antenne. Un signal d'entrée est d'abord introduit dans chaque section d'antenne, à raison d'une section à la fois. Le signal transmis par chaque section d'antenne est alors mesuré, et des facteurs de correction peuvent être produits pour chacune desdites sections. Celles-ci sont ensuite ajustées au moyen des facteurs de correction afin d'assurer l'étalonnage correct de chaque section.
EP95920362A 1994-06-03 1995-06-01 Etalonnage d'un groupement d'antennes Withdrawn EP0763266A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US25329594A 1994-06-03 1994-06-03
US253295 1994-06-03
PCT/SE1995/000627 WO1995034103A1 (fr) 1994-06-03 1995-06-01 Etalonnage d'un groupement d'antennes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0763266A1 true EP0763266A1 (fr) 1997-03-19

Family

ID=22959670

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95920362A Withdrawn EP0763266A1 (fr) 1994-06-03 1995-06-01 Etalonnage d'un groupement d'antennes

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0763266A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10503892A (fr)
CN (1) CN1078390C (fr)
AU (1) AU691295B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9507801A (fr)
CA (1) CA2190258A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI964654A (fr)
MX (1) MX9605934A (fr)
RU (1) RU2147753C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995034103A1 (fr)

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JP3504495B2 (ja) * 1998-04-28 2004-03-08 松下電器産業株式会社 アレーアンテナ無線通信装置
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RU2641615C2 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2018-01-18 Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военно-космическая академия имени А.Ф. Можайского" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Способ и устройство для калибровки приемной активной фазированной антенной решетки
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU691295B2 (en) 1998-05-14
CN1078390C (zh) 2002-01-23
CA2190258A1 (fr) 1995-12-14
BR9507801A (pt) 1998-05-26
JPH10503892A (ja) 1998-04-07
FI964654A0 (fi) 1996-11-21
RU2147753C1 (ru) 2000-04-20
FI964654A (fi) 1996-11-21
MX9605934A (es) 1997-12-31
CN1150499A (zh) 1997-05-21
WO1995034103A1 (fr) 1995-12-14
AU2583695A (en) 1996-01-04

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