EP0761893B1 - Pneumatic device for activating the discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank - Google Patents
Pneumatic device for activating the discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0761893B1 EP0761893B1 EP96112459A EP96112459A EP0761893B1 EP 0761893 B1 EP0761893 B1 EP 0761893B1 EP 96112459 A EP96112459 A EP 96112459A EP 96112459 A EP96112459 A EP 96112459A EP 0761893 B1 EP0761893 B1 EP 0761893B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- discharge valve
- connecting member
- path
- pneumatic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D1/00—Water flushing devices with cisterns ; Setting up a range of flushing devices or water-closets; Combinations of several flushing devices
- E03D1/02—High-level flushing systems
- E03D1/14—Cisterns discharging variable quantities of water also cisterns with bell siphons in combination with flushing valves
- E03D1/142—Cisterns discharging variable quantities of water also cisterns with bell siphons in combination with flushing valves in cisterns with flushing valves
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
- E03D5/02—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated mechanically or hydraulically (or pneumatically) also details such as push buttons, levers and pull-card therefor
- E03D5/024—Operated hydraulically or pneumatically
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pneumatic device for activating the discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank.
- a pneumatic device for activating a discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank, the device comprising a connecting member movable along a given path and connected integral with a movable member of said valve; and a first and second pneumatic actuator, which act on said connecting member to move the connecting member in opposite directions along said path; characterized by comprising separate first and second control means for selectively and independently controlling said pneumatic actuators regardless of the position of the connecting member along said path.
- Valve 5 indicates a discharge valve for a lavatory flush tank (not shown).
- Valve 5 is fitted to the bottom wall (not shown) of the tank, and comprises a fixed body 6, and an overflow tube 7 fitted to fixed body 6 in sliding manner along an axis A coincident with the axis of tube 7 itself.
- Tube 7 is moved both ways along axis A by a pneumatic device 8, which comprises a hollow elongated casing 9 presenting an axis B parallel to axis A, and two pneumatic actuators 11 and 12.
- a pneumatic device 8 which comprises a hollow elongated casing 9 presenting an axis B parallel to axis A, and two pneumatic actuators 11 and 12.
- Each actuator 11, 12 comprises a deformable membrane 13, 14 made of elastomeric material, and which is bag-shaped when deformed - as shown by the dotted line for membrane 13 in Figure 1 - and forms a number of bends 15 when idle - as shown by the continuous lines in Figure 1.
- Actuators 11 and 12 also comprise respective identical plugging members 16 and 17, each of which forms a respective end portion of casing 9, and positively engages an intermediate cylindrical portion 9a of casing 9 extending coaxially with axis B.
- Each member 16, 17 grips a peripheral end portion of respective membrane 13, 14 against a respective end portion of portion 9a, and presents a curved asymmetrical projection 18, a flat flange 19 and a cylindrical portion 21.
- Portion 21 presents an outer annular groove 22 ( Figure 2) for airtight connection of respective membrane 13, 14 to portion 9a, so that a respective variable-volume chamber 23, 24 is formed between each membrane 13, 14 and respective member 16, 17.
- member 16 is positioned so that flange 19 grips a circular edge 26 of membrane 13 against an end edge 27 of portion 9a, which edge 27 is bent inwards to define an inner projection of portion 9a, and is located at annular groove 22 of member 16 so that membrane 13 is also gripped in airtight manner between edge 27 and groove 22.
- portion 9a comprises a cylindrical tubular body 29 coaxial with axis B, and terminates, at the end facing member 17, with a collar 30, which is connected integral with body 29 and presents an edge 32 similar in shape to edge 26 and bent inwards to define a respective inner projection.
- flange 19 of member 17 grips a circular edge 33 of membrane 14 against bent edge 32, which is located at annular groove 22 of member 17 so that membrane 14 is also gripped in airtight manner between edge 32 and groove 22.
- Each member 16, 17 also presents an outwardly-facing air nozzle 34 located at side 36 of curved projection 18; and each nozzle 34 is connected to a respective known pneumatic pushbutton 38, 39 (shown schematically in Figure 1) by a respective flexible conduit 37.
- pneumatic pushbuttons 38, 39 may be of any type, e.g. comprising a variable-volume air chamber defined, for example, by a bellows, and a known device for varying the volume of the air chamber.
- Control device 8 also comprises a movable connecting member in turn comprising a slide 41 connected to portion 9a so as to slide along axis B.
- slide 41 comprises a cylindrical wall 42 inside portion 9a, and a flat partition 43 connected integral with wall 42, extending inside wall 42, crosswise to axis B, between membranes 13 and 14, and which, in use, is moved both ways along axis B by membranes 13 and 14.
- Partition 43 presents three openings 44 to enable slide 41, in use, to move freely along axis B in the presence of any fluid inside casing 9.
- Slide 41 also comprises a cylindrical sector-shaped outer wall 46 coaxial with wall 42 and connected to wall 42 by a guide block 47, which is partly housed inside an axial slot 48 formed in portion 9a, parallel to axis B, and extending just short of collar 30, so that slide 41 is connected to portion 9a in axially-sliding, angular-fixed manner.
- Casing 9 also comprises two bottom arms 53 fitted with a substantially conical open collar 54, which engages an outer annular seat 57 formed on fixed body 6 of valve 5, between a wall 56 and an end flange 58. More specifically, collar 54 presents an inside diameter equal to that of seat 57, extends about an arc of over 180°, and presents radial slots 59 enabling it to expand elastically to snap inside seat 57.
- flexible conduits 37 of the required length are connected to respective nozzles 34; collar 54 is snapped inside seat 57 on wall 56 to connect casing 9 to fixed body 6 of discharge valve 5; fork 51 of slide 41 is snapped inside groove 52 on tube 7; and flexible conduits 37 are connected to respective pushbuttons 38, 39, which may be located to suit the user.
- pneumatic pushbutton 39 may be operated to feed air along respective conduit 37 into variable-volume chamber 24 and so distend membrane 14.
- Membrane 14 thus engages partition 43 from the top to move slide 41 gradually towards member 16; and fork 51 moves tube 7 back downwards to gradually close valve 5 and so cut off the outflow of water.
- Holes 44 in partition 43 of slide 41 obviously permit the fluid inside casing 9 to pass freely from one side to the other of partition 43 to prevent any impediment or delay in the movement of slide 41.
- device 8 operates both in the waterfree portion of the tank, i.e. in air, as well as in the portion of the tank normally filled with water, i.e. immersed in water. In the latter case, each time the tank is emptied completely, at least part of the water in casing 9 flows out through slot 48, and flows back in when further water is fed into the tank.
- pushbuttons 38 and 39 may be located to suit the user, even some distance from the tank and not necessarily close to each other.
- Pushbuttons 38, 39 and the particular arrangement of actuators 11, 12 in relation to slide 41 enable valve 5 to be opened or closed immediately in any intermediate operating condition, i.e. regardless of the position of slide 41 along axis B, thus greatly reducing water consumption.
- casing 9 may be formed differently from that described; and groove 52 may be formed further up tube 7, e.g. close to the top end of tube 7, so that device 8 operates in the waterfree portion of the tank.
- casing 9 may be fitted to any fixed part of the tank, as opposed to valve 5; and membranes 13, 14 may be formed differently from those described by way of example, and may be fitted to casing 9 other than as shown.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
- Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
- Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
- Self-Closing Valves And Venting Or Aerating Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a pneumatic device for activating the discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank.
- In the design of lavatory fixtures, increasing demand exists to locate the manually operated control governing the discharge valve of the flush tank in other than the usual positions and, in general, at some distance from the tank.
- Yet a further demand, to reduce water consumption, is to be able to cut off the outflow at any time after the control is operated.
- At present, pneumatic devices, such as that disclosed by DE-A-3,729,569, are known wherein two pneumatic actuators act in opposite directions on a movable actuating member connected integral with a movable member of the discharge valve. Such devices normally comprise a single pushbutton by which the two pneumatic actuators are operated alternately, to open and close the discharge valve, by means of an air distributor, which, in use, is switched to one or other of two operating positions by the movable member of the discharge valve.
- Devices of the aforementioned type present several drawbacks. In particular, the distributor must of necessity be located in the waterfree part of the tank to prevent the water from entering the conduits connecting the distributor to the pushbutton and the two pneumatic actuators.
- Moreover, switching of the air supply by the distributor cannot be effected until the movable member of the valve comes to the end of its travel, i.e. reaches one or other of its limit positions, which means a time interval exists in which the outflow of water cannot be cut off.
- Finally, such devices are complicated to assemble, require frequent servicing, are difficult to adapt to existing tanks, and are relatively expensive to produce.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a straightforward, reliable pneumatic device designed to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks typically associated with known devices.
- According to the present invention, there is provided a pneumatic device for activating a discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank, the device comprising a connecting member movable along a given path and connected integral with a movable member of said valve; and a first and second pneumatic actuator, which act on said connecting member to move the connecting member in opposite directions along said path; characterized by comprising separate first and second control means for selectively and independently controlling said pneumatic actuators regardless of the position of the connecting member along said path.
- Preferably, the above device comprises an outer casing, and said connecting member comprises a slide portion housed inside the casing, and guide means associated with the casing; said slide portion being connected to said guide means so as to slide along said path.
- A non-limiting embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 shows a partial side view of a lavatory flush tank discharge valve, and a section of a preferred non-limiting embodiment of a pneumatic device in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
- Figure 2 shows a larger-scale detail of the Figure 1 device;
- Figure 3 shows a section along line III-III in Figure 1.
-
- Number 5 in Figure 1 indicates a discharge valve for a lavatory flush tank (not shown). Valve 5 is fitted to the bottom wall (not shown) of the tank, and comprises a
fixed body 6, and anoverflow tube 7 fitted to fixedbody 6 in sliding manner along an axis A coincident with the axis oftube 7 itself. - Tube 7 is moved both ways along axis A by a
pneumatic device 8, which comprises a hollowelongated casing 9 presenting an axis B parallel to axis A, and twopneumatic actuators - Each
actuator deformable membrane membrane 13 in Figure 1 - and forms a number ofbends 15 when idle - as shown by the continuous lines in Figure 1. -
Actuators identical plugging members casing 9, and positively engages an intermediate cylindrical portion 9a ofcasing 9 extending coaxially with axis B. Eachmember respective membrane asymmetrical projection 18, aflat flange 19 and acylindrical portion 21. -
Portion 21 presents an outer annular groove 22 (Figure 2) for airtight connection ofrespective membrane volume chamber membrane respective member - More specifically,
member 16 is positioned so thatflange 19 grips acircular edge 26 ofmembrane 13 against anend edge 27 of portion 9a, whichedge 27 is bent inwards to define an inner projection of portion 9a, and is located atannular groove 22 ofmember 16 so thatmembrane 13 is also gripped in airtight manner betweenedge 27 andgroove 22. - As shown in Figure 1, portion 9a comprises a cylindrical
tubular body 29 coaxial with axis B, and terminates, at theend facing member 17, with acollar 30, which is connected integral withbody 29 and presents anedge 32 similar in shape toedge 26 and bent inwards to define a respective inner projection. - As shown in Figure 2,
flange 19 ofmember 17 grips acircular edge 33 ofmembrane 14 againstbent edge 32, which is located atannular groove 22 ofmember 17 so thatmembrane 14 is also gripped in airtight manner betweenedge 32 andgroove 22. - Each
member air nozzle 34 located atside 36 ofcurved projection 18; and eachnozzle 34 is connected to a respective knownpneumatic pushbutton 38, 39 (shown schematically in Figure 1) by a respectiveflexible conduit 37. More specifically,pneumatic pushbuttons -
Control device 8 also comprises a movable connecting member in turn comprising aslide 41 connected to portion 9a so as to slide along axis B. More specifically,slide 41 comprises acylindrical wall 42 inside portion 9a, and aflat partition 43 connected integral withwall 42, extending insidewall 42, crosswise to axis B, betweenmembranes membranes Partition 43 presents threeopenings 44 to enableslide 41, in use, to move freely along axis B in the presence of any fluid insidecasing 9. -
Slide 41 also comprises a cylindrical sector-shapedouter wall 46 coaxial withwall 42 and connected towall 42 by aguide block 47, which is partly housed inside anaxial slot 48 formed in portion 9a, parallel to axis B, and extending just short ofcollar 30, so thatslide 41 is connected to portion 9a in axially-sliding, angular-fixed manner. - A
radial arm 49 extends fromwall 46 and terminates with afork 51, which snaps inside anannular groove 52 formed on the outer surface ofoverflow tube 7, and presents elastic arms (Figure 3) extending about an arc of over 180° and which snap insidegroove 52 to connectslide 41 to the movable part of discharge valve 5 of the flush tank. -
Casing 9 also comprises twobottom arms 53 fitted with a substantially conicalopen collar 54, which engages an outerannular seat 57 formed on fixedbody 6 of valve 5, between awall 56 and anend flange 58. More specifically,collar 54 presents an inside diameter equal to that ofseat 57, extends about an arc of over 180°, and presentsradial slots 59 enabling it to expand elastically to snap insideseat 57. - To fit
device 8 to discharge valve 5,flexible conduits 37 of the required length are connected torespective nozzles 34;collar 54 is snapped insideseat 57 onwall 56 to connectcasing 9 to fixedbody 6 of discharge valve 5;fork 51 ofslide 41 is snapped insidegroove 52 ontube 7; andflexible conduits 37 are connected torespective pushbuttons - Operation of
device 8 will now be described as of the condition shown in Figure 1, whereinslide 41 is located adjacent tomember 16 so that valve 5 is closed. - When
pneumatic pushbutton 38 is operated as of the above condition, air is supplied alongrespective conduit 37 into variable-volume chamber 23 to distendmembrane 13 as shown by the dotted line in Figure 1. As it distends,membrane 13 cooperates directly withpartition 43 to moveslide 41 gradually upwards into the position shown by the dotted line; and, as it moves upwards,slide 41, viafork 51, drawsoverflow tube 7 upwards along axis A so that water flows out of the flush tank into the lavatory (not shown). - At any time after releasing
pushbutton 38, and regardless of the position ofslide 41 along axis B,pneumatic pushbutton 39 may be operated to feed air alongrespective conduit 37 into variable-volume chamber 24 and sodistend membrane 14.Membrane 14 thus engagespartition 43 from the top to moveslide 41 gradually towardsmember 16; andfork 51 movestube 7 back downwards to gradually close valve 5 and so cut off the outflow of water. -
Holes 44 inpartition 43 ofslide 41 obviously permit the fluid insidecasing 9 to pass freely from one side to the other ofpartition 43 to prevent any impediment or delay in the movement ofslide 41. - The advantages of
pneumatic device 8 as compared with known devices will be clear from the foregoing description. - In particular,
device 8 operates both in the waterfree portion of the tank, i.e. in air, as well as in the portion of the tank normally filled with water, i.e. immersed in water. In the latter case, each time the tank is emptied completely, at least part of the water incasing 9 flows out throughslot 48, and flows back in when further water is fed into the tank. - Moreover,
pushbuttons - Pushbuttons 38, 39 and the particular arrangement of
actuators slide 41 enable valve 5 to be opened or closed immediately in any intermediate operating condition, i.e. regardless of the position ofslide 41 along axis B, thus greatly reducing water consumption. - Finally,
device 8 may be fitted not only to tanks designed for the purpose but also to existing tanks by simply connectingcasing 9 to the fixed body of the discharge valve andfork 51 to the overflow tube. - Clearly, changes may be made to
device 8 as described and illustrated herein without, however, departing from the scope of the present invention. - For example,
casing 9 may be formed differently from that described; andgroove 52 may be formed further uptube 7, e.g. close to the top end oftube 7, so thatdevice 8 operates in the waterfree portion of the tank. - Moreover,
casing 9 may be fitted to any fixed part of the tank, as opposed to valve 5; andmembranes casing 9 other than as shown.
Claims (16)
- A pneumatic device (8) for activating a discharge valve (5) of a lavatory flush tank, the device (8) comprising a connecting member (41, 51) movable along a given path (B) and connected integral with a movable member (7) of said valve (5); and a first (11) and second (12) pneumatic actuator, which act on said connecting member (41, 51) to move the connecting member (41, 51) in opposite directions along said path (B); characterized by comprising separate first (38) and second (39) control means for selectively and independently controlling said pneumatic actuators (11) (12) regardless of the position of the connecting member (41, 51) along said path (B).
- A device as claimed in Claim 1, characterized by comprising an outer casing (9); and in that said connecting member (41, 51) comprises a slide portion (41) housed inside the casing (9), and guide means (48) associated with the casing (9); said slide portion (41) being connected to said guide means (48) so as to slide along said path (B).
- A device as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that said pneumatic actuators (11) (12) comprise respective variable-volume chambers (23) (24), each communicating with one of said first and second control means (38) (39); each variable-volume chamber (23) (24) being defined by a respective end portion (16) (17) of said casing (9) and by a respective elastically deformable membrane (13) (14).
- A device as claimed in Claim 3, characterized in that said membranes (13) (14) cooperate directly in contact with said connecting member (41, 51).
- A device as claimed in Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that each of said membranes (13) (14) is folded to form a number of bends.
- A device as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 3 to 5, characterized in that said casing (9) comprises a cylindrical intermediate portion (9a); and in that each said membrane (13) (14) presents a respective peripheral portion gripped between said intermediate portion (9a) and a respective said end portion (16) (17).
- A device as claimed in Claim 6, characterized in that each of said end portions (16) (17) of said casing (9) comprises a cylindrical portion (21) presenting an outer annular groove (22); each membrane (13) (14) being forced into a respective said outer annular groove (22) by a respective inner annular projection (27) (32) on said intermediate portion (9a).
- A device as claimed in Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that each of said end portions (16) (17) of said casing (9) presents an outer annular flange (19); and each of said membranes (13) (14) presents a peripheral portion (26) (33) gripped between a respective said flange (19) and a shoulder (27) (32) on said intermediate portion (9a).
- A device as claimed in Claim 7, characterized in that said intermediate portion comprises two tubular bodies (30) (29) connected integral with each other; each of said inner annular projections (27) (32) being carried on a respective said tubular body (30) (29).
- A device as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 2 to 9, characterized in that said slide portion (41) comprises a cylindrical wall (42) connected to said guide means (48); and a transverse partition (43) integral with said cylindrical wall (42) and extending crosswise to said path (B).
- A device as claimed in Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that said guide means comprise a slot (48) formed in said outer casing (9) and parallel to said path (B); said slide portion (41) comprising a sliding portion (47) engaging said slot (48) in sliding manner.
- A device as claimed in Claim 11, characterized in that said connecting member (41, 51) comprises connecting means (51) which snap on to said movable member (7) of the discharge valve (5).
- A device as claimed in Claim 12, characterized in that said connecting means comprise a fork (51) connected integral with said sliding portion (47) and which snaps inside an annular groove (52) formed on said movable member (7) of the discharge valve (5).
- A device as claimed in one of the foregoing Claims from 2 to 13, characterized by comprising further connecting means (54) for releasably connecting said casing (9) to a fixed supporting body (6).
- A device as claimed in Claim 14, characterized in that said further connecting means (54) are snap-on connecting means.
- A device as claimed in Claim 15, characterized in that said snap-on connecting means (54) comprise an elastic fork, which positively engages a seat (57) formed on a fixed body (6) of said discharge valve (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITTO950660 | 1995-08-04 | ||
IT95TO000660A IT1280896B1 (en) | 1995-08-04 | 1995-08-04 | PNEUMATIC DEVICE FOR ACTIVATING A DRAIN VALVE OF A WC CISTERN |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0761893A1 EP0761893A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
EP0761893B1 true EP0761893B1 (en) | 2000-12-06 |
Family
ID=11413769
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96112459A Expired - Lifetime EP0761893B1 (en) | 1995-08-04 | 1996-08-01 | Pneumatic device for activating the discharge valve of a lavatory flush tank |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0761893B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE197974T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69611130T2 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3035404T3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1280896B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT761893E (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29808200U1 (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1998-07-23 | Geberit Technik Ag | Actuator for a drain valve of a toilet cistern |
DE59808615D1 (en) * | 1997-12-15 | 2003-07-10 | Geberit Technik Ag | Device for the pneumatic actuation of a cistern |
ITMI20031325A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2004-12-28 | Valsir Spa | PNEUMATIC DEVICE TO OPERATE THE DISCHARGE VALVE ASSEMBLY OF A RINSE BOX. |
DE10330324A1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-20 | Grohe Water Technology Ag & Co. Kg | Drain valve with servomotor |
ITMI20040044A1 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2004-04-15 | Valsir Spa | DRAIN DRIVE DEVICE IN A RINSE BOX |
CN103883783B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-08-04 | 厦门威迪亚科技有限公司 | A kind of pneumatic induction controller of Pneumatic drainage valve |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL8301009A (en) * | 1983-03-21 | 1984-10-16 | Simmonds Precision N V | LOWHANGING TYPE CUPS. |
US4809367A (en) * | 1986-08-08 | 1989-03-07 | Partall Systems (Proprietary) Limited | Cistern flushing apparatus |
DE3729569A1 (en) * | 1987-09-04 | 1989-03-16 | Schwab Sanitaer Plastic Gmbh | Flushing cistern |
-
1995
- 1995-08-04 IT IT95TO000660A patent/IT1280896B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-08-01 DE DE69611130T patent/DE69611130T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-01 AT AT96112459T patent/ATE197974T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-01 PT PT96112459T patent/PT761893E/en unknown
- 1996-08-01 EP EP96112459A patent/EP0761893B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-13 GR GR20010400232T patent/GR3035404T3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0761893A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
ITTO950660A1 (en) | 1997-02-04 |
IT1280896B1 (en) | 1998-02-11 |
ITTO950660A0 (en) | 1995-08-04 |
GR3035404T3 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
DE69611130T2 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
PT761893E (en) | 2001-04-30 |
ATE197974T1 (en) | 2000-12-15 |
DE69611130D1 (en) | 2001-01-11 |
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