EP0756262B1 - Security hot-sealing apparatus consisting of a non-homogeneous adhesive tape and a hot stamping device, and relative hot-sealing method - Google Patents
Security hot-sealing apparatus consisting of a non-homogeneous adhesive tape and a hot stamping device, and relative hot-sealing method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0756262B1 EP0756262B1 EP96830385A EP96830385A EP0756262B1 EP 0756262 B1 EP0756262 B1 EP 0756262B1 EP 96830385 A EP96830385 A EP 96830385A EP 96830385 A EP96830385 A EP 96830385A EP 0756262 B1 EP0756262 B1 EP 0756262B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- temperature
- thermoseal
- hot
- metal plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005990 polystyrene resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283216 Phocidae Species 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012173 sealing wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
- G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
- G09F3/03—Forms or constructions of security seals
- G09F3/0305—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used
- G09F3/0341—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having label sealing means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the systems for security sealing parcels and packages.
- Security seals are means whereby a parcel or package cannot be opened and closed again, once sealed, without leaving a visible trace of the tampering.
- stamps of sealing wax or lead overlying the closure line of the parcel were used in the past
- adhesive tapes with overlaid embossing or indelible-ink stamps are mostly used today and applied above all by the most common, quick and easy methods.
- sealing wax stamp or other stamps of the disposable type the method is of applying a seal with a stamp which becomes extremely fragile and is not removable from the sealed parcel without destroying the same. Such a result is the most desirable, however, the above old methods have the problem of the slow application which is not compatible any longer with the presently requested operation times.
- thermolabile tape in which a mark is hot impressed so as to stamp on the surface of the parcel the portion of the tape corresponding to the shown writing or image.
- the Italian Utility Model No. 218137 discloses a hot sealing device for parcels or packages including a metal seal which is heated to a constant predetermined temperature so as to hot impress the desired mark on an adhesive tape which is applied on the surface to be sealed at a suitable temperature of the stamp.
- thermosealing device is connected to the heating element by electric wires and then the use thereof is limited.
- the present invention seeks to overcome the problems of the known thermosealing device described above and allows a quick, easy and secure sealing operation against the most sophisticated methods of removing the tape with the seal.
- Such a result is achieved by the present invention by combining the temperature of the thermoseal with suitable thermolabile and not homogeneous characteristics of the used tape structure so that the chemical-physical state of the tape is changed by the stamp only at the area of the mark, and the integrity and the continuity of the tape is impaired so as to cause the tape to enter the underlying support and to prevent the seal from being completely removed even by resorting to cooling methods by Freon.
- a silicone paper substrate to be removed upon using the tape is applied during the manufacture in order to increase the fragility of the tape.
- the presence of a paper substrate allows the tape to be preliminarily tagged with a succession of labels of suitable size for sealing a cover. The numbering of such labels will greatly increase the security as a progressive and/or series numbering indicates the right number designating a given cover which cannot be reproduced.
- a convenient amount of air bells is distributed into the tape used for applying the thermoseal according to the invention.
- the volume per cent ratio to the material of the tape is determined in combination with the temperature of the applied thermoseal at which the evaporation of the air bells from the film, the hardening of the tape, and the penetration of the adhesive into the treated surface occur.
- the evaporation of the air bells causes the onset of preferential breakage lines in the area of the mark which are not formed again by the melting of the material due to the hardening of the thermoplastic material and prevent the seal from being completely removed unless by mechanical scraping.
- a metal plate thermoseal provided with a self-control device to keep the temperature at a constant level is used. Such a thermoseal is connected to the power supply by a non-wired connector so that it may be used without electric cables.
- a first advantage is that the evaporation of the air bubbles along with the penetration into the thermoplastic substrate make the tampering method by cooling the seal, for example by Freon, ineffective as the sealed portion of the mark is integral with the surface of the substrate.
- a second advantage is that the mechanical scraping necessary to completely remove the seal leaves a visible trace on the surface of the parcel with which it is than impossible to fraudulently tamper.
- a third advantage is given by that the mark on the tape is very well visible.
- a last advantage is given by the easiness and the rapidity of use of such a sealing apparatus which does not need any electrical connecting cables between the stamp and the power supply.
- the apparatus includes a tape consisting of a semitransparent film 3 of thermoplastic material carrying on one face a layer of adhesive material, preferably provided with a coloured pigment. During the manufacturing of the tape, air bubbles 1 are blown into film 3 and remain captured in the thickness of the tape so as to cause a non-homogeneity.
- the hot sealing apparatus of the invention also includes a thermoseal 5 carrying at the lower side a metal plate 4 for affixing the mark. Thermoseal 5 is provided with devices for controlling the temperature of plate 4 which ensure the desired temperature to be reached and kept by heating and control operations.
- such a self-control device is a positive temperature coefficient device known per se the operation of which is controlled by the temperature/resistance diagram shown in Fig. 3 so as to keep the threshold temperature T1 of plate 4.
- Fig. 2 such positive temperature coefficient device is embodied in the thermoseal 5 and is provided with a connector 6 for the connection to a corresponding socket 6' on the support 10.
- Support 10 is in turn provided with a 24/48 V power supply 7 and light emitting diodes (LED) 8 and 9 which indicate on/off operation and the achievement of the threshold temperature, respectively.
- LED light emitting diodes
- thermoseal 5 is placed on support 10 connected to power supply 7, and connector 6 is plugged in socket 6' so that LEDs 8 and 9 are both lighting, thus indicating the connection to the power supply and a temperature which is still too low for sealing purposes, respectively.
- the positive temperature coefficient device has initially a very low resistance so that a very high current is flowing and then the desired temperature T1 of plate 4 is reached within short. Once temperature T1 is reached, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient device increases only to supply the balance power to compensate the heat loss in the metal plate 4. Afterwards, the power supplied by the positive temperature coefficient device is self-controlled by keeping the desired temperature T1 unchanged, thus causing LED 9 to switch off.
- temperature T1 of metal plate 4 is related to the thermolabile characteristics of tape 3 and the volume per cent amount of the blown air bubbles 1. More particularly, regarding the thermolabile characteristic of tape 3, the temperature of the sealing plate 4 should be high enough to cause air bells 1 to evaporate and low enough not to cause the tape adjacent the air bells to excessively melt, with the result of re-establish the continuity of the material around the mark. Accordingly, when plate 4 is superimposed to tape 3 applied on the surface to be sealed, the established temperature T1 is such that the chemical-physical characteristics of tape 3 change and the air bells 1 evaporate from the tape causing preferential fracture lines to be formed.
- the tape hardens without reestablishing, however, the continuity of the tape at the fracture lines.
- the adhesive enters the surface of the parcel to be sealed so as to form the image of mark 2 which is shown, by way of example, in Fig. 1 in the form of a circular ring 2.
- the onset of preferential fracture lines breaks the continuity of the tape and prevents the tape from being removed unless by mechanical scraping.
- the characteristics of the material, the per cent amount of blown air, and the temperature of the sealing plate are combined as follows:
- the present invention also relates to a method of sealing parcel and packages by a thermolabile adhesive tape and a metal plate seal heated at a predetermined temperature.
- the method besides the steps of spreading the tape on the surface to be sealed and affixing a thermoseal to the tape, includes a preliminary step of intentionally forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape, and a step of establishing a temperature of the thermoseal in combination with the thermolabile characteristics of such tape, in order to cause the onset of preferential fracture lines from said non-homogeneous areas near the mark which are operating in case of a tape tampering attempt.
- said step of forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape is carried out by blowing into the tape an amount of air bubbles of about 40% vol. of the raw material used for manufacturing the tape which is preferably formed of polystyrene resins, PVC or polyolefins, while said step of hot impressing is carried out at a temperature of the metal plate seal of about 200°C.
Description
- The present invention relates to the field of the systems for security sealing parcels and packages.
- Security seals are means whereby a parcel or package cannot be opened and closed again, once sealed, without leaving a visible trace of the tampering.
For this purpose, while stamps of sealing wax or lead overlying the closure line of the parcel were used in the past, adhesive tapes with overlaid embossing or indelible-ink stamps are mostly used today and applied above all by the most common, quick and easy methods.
In case of sealing wax stamp or other stamps of the disposable type, the method is of applying a seal with a stamp which becomes extremely fragile and is not removable from the sealed parcel without destroying the same. Such a result is the most desirable, however, the above old methods have the problem of the slow application which is not compatible any longer with the presently requested operation times. Reference has to be made, by way of example, to the duty performed by a Post Office.
Accordingly, the already described tape seals find large application as they are very functional, however, less secure since it is possible to tear the tape and then to close it without leaving a visible trace.
Another sealing type is a thermolabile tape in which a mark is hot impressed so as to stamp on the surface of the parcel the portion of the tape corresponding to the shown writing or image.
With reference to such a type of seals, the Italian Utility Model No. 218137 discloses a hot sealing device for parcels or packages including a metal seal which is heated to a constant predetermined temperature so as to hot impress the desired mark on an adhesive tape which is applied on the surface to be sealed at a suitable temperature of the stamp. By such a solution the mark is clearly visible from the outside, and the tape cannot be torn without leaving a trace. Furthermore, a number of seals may be applied with high speed and easiness.
However, also such a solution has not proved to be satisfactory as far as the security of the applied seal is concerned. Actually, by suitable measures, for example by cooling the surface of the tape by means of Freon in order to make the adhesive ineffective, it is possible, even if not easy, to remove as a whole the tape along with the mark impressed thereon, then to open the parcel and to apply the tape again without leaving any visible trace of the tampering. A further drawback is that such a thermosealing device is connected to the heating element by electric wires and then the use thereof is limited. - The present invention seeks to overcome the problems of the known thermosealing device described above and allows a quick, easy and secure sealing operation against the most sophisticated methods of removing the tape with the seal.
Such a result is achieved by the present invention by combining the temperature of the thermoseal with suitable thermolabile and not homogeneous characteristics of the used tape structure so that the chemical-physical state of the tape is changed by the stamp only at the area of the mark, and the integrity and the continuity of the tape is impaired so as to cause the tape to enter the underlying support and to prevent the seal from being completely removed even by resorting to cooling methods by Freon. - According to a further feature of the invention, a silicone paper substrate to be removed upon using the tape is applied during the manufacture in order to increase the fragility of the tape. The presence of a paper substrate allows the tape to be preliminarily tagged with a succession of labels of suitable size for sealing a cover. The numbering of such labels will greatly increase the security as a progressive and/or series numbering indicates the right number designating a given cover which cannot be reproduced.
A convenient amount of air bells is distributed into the tape used for applying the thermoseal according to the invention. The volume per cent ratio to the material of the tape is determined in combination with the temperature of the applied thermoseal at which the evaporation of the air bells from the film, the hardening of the tape, and the penetration of the adhesive into the treated surface occur. Thus, the evaporation of the air bells causes the onset of preferential breakage lines in the area of the mark which are not formed again by the melting of the material due to the hardening of the thermoplastic material and prevent the seal from being completely removed unless by mechanical scraping.
Furthermore, according to the invention a metal plate thermoseal provided with a self-control device to keep the temperature at a constant level is used. Such a thermoseal is connected to the power supply by a non-wired connector so that it may be used without electric cables. - A first advantage is that the evaporation of the air bubbles along with the penetration into the thermoplastic substrate make the tampering method by cooling the seal, for example by Freon, ineffective as the sealed portion of the mark is integral with the surface of the substrate.
A second advantage is that the mechanical scraping necessary to completely remove the seal leaves a visible trace on the surface of the parcel with which it is than impossible to fraudulently tamper.
A third advantage is given by that the mark on the tape is very well visible.
A last advantage is given by the easiness and the rapidity of use of such a sealing apparatus which does not need any electrical connecting cables between the stamp and the power supply. - These and other advantages will be more readily apparent to anyone skilled in the art from the following description with reference to the accompanying not limiting drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 shows a view of an adhesive tape according to the invention on which a generic circular mark is hot impressed;
- Fig. 2 shows a plug-in connection between a thermoseal provided with temperature self-control device and a bearing support for the power supply of the thermoseal;
- Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the temperature vs. the characteristic resistance of the self-control device which the thermoseal of Fig. 2 is provided with;
- Fig. 4 shows an adhesive tape provided with preliminarily tagged paper substrate according to the invention.
-
- According to the invention the apparatus includes a tape consisting of a
semitransparent film 3 of thermoplastic material carrying on one face a layer of adhesive material, preferably provided with a coloured pigment.
During the manufacturing of the tape,air bubbles 1 are blown intofilm 3 and remain captured in the thickness of the tape so as to cause a non-homogeneity.
The hot sealing apparatus of the invention also includes a thermoseal 5 carrying at the lower side ametal plate 4 for affixing the mark. Thermoseal 5 is provided with devices for controlling the temperature ofplate 4 which ensure the desired temperature to be reached and kept by heating and control operations.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment such a self-control device is a positive temperature coefficient device known per se the operation of which is controlled by the temperature/resistance diagram shown in Fig. 3 so as to keep the threshold temperature T1 ofplate 4.
According to Fig. 2 such positive temperature coefficient device is embodied in the thermoseal 5 and is provided with aconnector 6 for the connection to a corresponding socket 6' on thesupport 10.Support 10 is in turn provided with a 24/48V power supply 7 and light emitting diodes (LED) 8 and 9 which indicate on/off operation and the achievement of the threshold temperature, respectively.
During the initial heating, thermoseal 5 is placed onsupport 10 connected topower supply 7, andconnector 6 is plugged in socket 6' so thatLEDs
As shown in Fig. 3, the positive temperature coefficient device has initially a very low resistance so that a very high current is flowing and then the desired temperature T1 ofplate 4 is reached within short. Once temperature T1 is reached, the resistance of the positive temperature coefficient device increases only to supply the balance power to compensate the heat loss in themetal plate 4. Afterwards, the power supplied by the positive temperature coefficient device is self-controlled by keeping the desired temperature T1 unchanged, thus causingLED 9 to switch off. Thermoseal 5 may then be removed fromsupport 10 and the hot stamping may be carried out at the desired temperature.
According to the invention, temperature T1 ofmetal plate 4 is related to the thermolabile characteristics oftape 3 and the volume per cent amount of the blownair bubbles 1.
More particularly, regarding the thermolabile characteristic oftape 3, the temperature of thesealing plate 4 should be high enough to causeair bells 1 to evaporate and low enough not to cause the tape adjacent the air bells to excessively melt, with the result of re-establish the continuity of the material around the mark.
Accordingly, whenplate 4 is superimposed totape 3 applied on the surface to be sealed, the established temperature T1 is such that the chemical-physical characteristics oftape 3 change and theair bells 1 evaporate from the tape causing preferential fracture lines to be formed. The tape hardens without reestablishing, however, the continuity of the tape at the fracture lines. At the same time, the adhesive enters the surface of the parcel to be sealed so as to form the image ofmark 2 which is shown, by way of example, in Fig. 1 in the form of acircular ring 2.
Advantageously, once finished the stamping, the onset of preferential fracture lines breaks the continuity of the tape and prevents the tape from being removed unless by mechanical scraping.
In the described embodiment, the characteristics of the material, the per cent amount of blown air, and the temperature of the sealing plate are combined as follows: -
tape 3 is made of polystyrene resins, PVC or polyolefins; - the per cent amount of blown air is about 40% vol. of the raw material used for the tape; and
- the temperature of the plate is about 200°C.
- The present invention also relates to a method of sealing parcel and packages by a thermolabile adhesive tape and a metal plate seal heated at a predetermined temperature.
The method, besides the steps of spreading the tape on the surface to be sealed and affixing a thermoseal to the tape, includes a preliminary step of intentionally forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape, and a step of establishing a temperature of the thermoseal in combination with the thermolabile characteristics of such tape, in order to cause the onset of preferential fracture lines from said non-homogeneous areas near the mark which are operating in case of a tape tampering attempt.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention said step of forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape is carried out by blowing into the tape an amount of air bubbles of about 40% vol. of the raw material used for manufacturing the tape which is preferably formed of polystyrene resins, PVC or polyolefins, while said step of hot impressing is carried out at a temperature of the metal plate seal of about 200°C. - The present invention is described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof but it is self-evident that modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present industrial invention, as defined by the following claims.
Thus, the seal may only be removed by mechanically scraping the surface with the result of make the tampering evident.
In Fig. 4 there is shown an alternative embodiment in which the
Claims (12)
- An apparatus for hot sealing parcels or packages comprising a tape of adhesive thermoplastic material (3) and a device for affixing a thermoseal to the tape by means of a preheated metal plate seal (4) which carries a raised mark (2) to be stamped on the surface of the parcel, characterized in that said tape has intentional non-homogeneous areas formed in combination with the thermolabile characteristics of said thermoplastic material of the tape (3) and with the temperature of said metal plate seal, in order to impair the integrity and the continuity of the tape after affixing the thermoseal and only in the area where the mark (2) is stamped, and in order to promote the onset of preferential fracture lines in said area and to cause the tape to penetrate into the underlying substrate on which the seal is applied, thus preventing the tape from being completely removed from the substrate; said non-homogeneous areas being formed of air bubbles (1) blown into the thickness of the tape (3), and the temperature of said metal plate seal (4) of thermoseal (5) being kept at a constant level (T1).
- The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said tape (3) is made of polystyrene resins, PVC or polyolefins.
- The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the per cent amount of air blown into tape (3) is about 40% vol. of the raw material used for manufacturing the tape (3).
- The apparatus of the preceding claims, characterized in that said tape (3) is manufactured on a silicone paper substrate (12) to be removed in use.
- The apparatus of the claim 1, characterized in that said tape (3) is preliminarily tagged with a succession of coupons or labels for sealing purposes, said coupons or labels being provided with a progressive and/or series numbering.
- The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said constant level of temperature (T1) of plate (4) is about 200°C.
- The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that said thermoseal (5) includes a positive temperature coefficient device electrically connected by non-wired means (6, 6') to a support (10) connected in turn to a power supply (7) in order to keep the temperature of plate (4) at the constant level (T1).
- The apparatus of claim 7, characterized in that said power supply (7) is 24/48 V.
- A method of hot sealing parcels and packages by a thermolabile adhesive tape and a metal plate seal heated at a predetermined temperature, comprising the steps of spreading the tape on the surface to be sealed and affixing a thermoseal to the tape, characterized in that it includes a preliminary step of intentionally forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape, and a step of establishing a temperature of the thermoseal in combination with the thermolabile characteristics of said tape, in order to cause the onset of preferential fracture lines corresponding to said non-homogeneous areas near the mark after affixing the seal; said step of forming non-homogeneous areas on the tape being carried out by blowing into the tape a predetermined per cent amount of air bubbles.
- The method of claim 9, characterized in that said tape is made of polystyrene resins, PVC, or polyolefins, said predetermined per cent amount of air bubbles blown in said blowing step being about 40% vol. of the raw material used for manufacturing the tape.
- The method of claim 9, characterized in that the hot stamping is carried out at a constant temperature (T1) of said metal plate seal (4).
- The method of claim 11, characterized in that said constant temperature (T1) of said metal plate seal (4) is about 200°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT95RM000460A IT1278130B1 (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1995-07-06 | SAFETY SEALING SYSTEM COMPOSED OF AN ADHESIVE TAPE WITH A NON-HOMOGENEOUS STRUCTURE AND A HOT PRESSING DEVICE OF |
ITRM950460 | 1995-07-06 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0756262A2 EP0756262A2 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
EP0756262A3 EP0756262A3 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
EP0756262B1 true EP0756262B1 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
Family
ID=11403462
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96830385A Expired - Lifetime EP0756262B1 (en) | 1995-07-06 | 1996-07-05 | Security hot-sealing apparatus consisting of a non-homogeneous adhesive tape and a hot stamping device, and relative hot-sealing method |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0756262B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69620311D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1278130B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19929532C2 (en) * | 1999-06-28 | 2002-12-05 | Sanacorp Ag | Sealing of a reusable transport container consisting of a container trough and lid |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB497431A (en) * | 1937-06-21 | 1938-12-20 | Arturo Baderna | Improvements in adhesive seals |
FR2533195B1 (en) * | 1982-09-22 | 1986-05-09 | Sifar Sa | PROCESS FOR POSITIONING A TAMPERLESS VIGNETTE ON A SINGLE USE PACKAGING CONTAINER; PACKAGING CONTAINER PROVIDED WITH SUCH A VIGNETTE; AND MACHINE FOR PLACING SUCH A VIGNETTE ON A PACKAGING CONTAINER |
IT8747756A0 (en) * | 1987-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | Biancone Patrizia | DEVICE FOR SEALING PACKAGES, PACKAGES AND THE LIKE, BY HOT PRESSING ON THERMOLABLE ADHESIVE TAPE |
FR2651180B1 (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1991-12-13 | Paris Banque Nale | APPARATUS FOR HOT MARKING OF ADHESIVE TAPE. |
-
1995
- 1995-07-06 IT IT95RM000460A patent/IT1278130B1/en active IP Right Grant
-
1996
- 1996-07-05 EP EP96830385A patent/EP0756262B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-07-05 DE DE69620311T patent/DE69620311D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITRM950460A0 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
IT1278130B1 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
DE69620311D1 (en) | 2002-05-08 |
ITRM950460A1 (en) | 1997-01-06 |
EP0756262A3 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
EP0756262A2 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
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