EP0754838A1 - Disengageable manual inching gear for a turbomachine - Google Patents

Disengageable manual inching gear for a turbomachine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0754838A1
EP0754838A1 EP96401418A EP96401418A EP0754838A1 EP 0754838 A1 EP0754838 A1 EP 0754838A1 EP 96401418 A EP96401418 A EP 96401418A EP 96401418 A EP96401418 A EP 96401418A EP 0754838 A1 EP0754838 A1 EP 0754838A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaft
casing
drive shaft
turbomachine
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96401418A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0754838B1 (en
Inventor
Patrice Mazzotta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Aircraft Engines SAS
Original Assignee
Societe Nationale dEtude et de Construction de Moteurs dAviation SNECMA
SNECMA SAS
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Publication of EP0754838A1 publication Critical patent/EP0754838A1/en
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Publication of EP0754838B1 publication Critical patent/EP0754838B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/34—Turning or inching gear

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbomachine, and more particularly to a means of manually driving the rotation of the rotor for endoscopically checking the blades of this rotor.
  • Turbomachinery and in particular turbine engines for aircraft are subject to regular inspections and controls. Certain inspections are carried out using endoscopes which are introduced inside the turbine engine through closable openings provided for this purpose and which allow examination without dismantling of components not visible from the outside.
  • an endoscope is introduced into the fluid stream through closable openings in the turbine engine housing, and each blade is brought successively to the endoscope by rotating the rotor step by step. This stepwise rotation of the rotor is usually done by manually driving a rotating member mechanically connected to the rotor.
  • one of the gearboxes in the equipment box is thus rotated by hand, which makes it possible to rotate the high pressure rotor by means of the mechanical transmission connecting the rotor in rotation to the pinions of the equipment box.
  • This pinion is accessed by a closable opening in the casing of the equipment box. This opening is generally at the end of the pinion shaft, and the pinion is simply rotated using a handwheel or a standard ratchet, the end of which is introduced into, or onto, an unsupported seat. circular, for example square, fitted at the end of the pinion shaft to be driven.
  • This opening is usually closed by a cover which must be removed and then put back when the operation is finished. Sometimes it is a piece of equipment that must be removed in order to access the shaft transmitting the movement to this equipment.
  • the invention proposes to drive a shaft of the turbomachine connected in rotation to the rotor, by means of a drive shaft passing through the wall of the casing surrounding the shaft to be driven, the drive shaft and the shaft to be driven being interconnected by a disengageable coupling controlled by an automatic declutching means.
  • An at least static sealing means effective at least in the disengaged position, is disposed between the drive shaft and the casing. The drive shaft will be rotated by its end outside of the housing.
  • the drive shaft, the automatic declutching means and the at least static sealing means are mounted on a removable support fixed to the casing on the opening making it possible to reach the shaft to be driven.
  • This arrangement is little expensive and can be substituted for the cover of the prior art without modification of the casing, which allows inexpensively to apply the invention retroactively to turbomachines already in service.
  • the drive shaft will be coaxial with the shaft to be driven, which simplifies coupling, the automatic disengagement of which can be ensured by a spring pushing the drive shaft outwards.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified sectional view of a turbofan type turbofan double body and double flow showing the kinematic chain from the rotor to the gearbox.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the state of the art.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of implementation of the invention.
  • the turbomachine 1 is a double-body, double-flow turbofan of a well-known type commonly used to propel transport aircraft. This will only describe the parts of the turbomachine 1 related to the invention.
  • the high pressure rotor 2 comprises a shaft 3 secured to several stages of blades 4 of the high pressure compressor at the front of the combustion chamber 5, and secured to one or more stages of blades 6 from the turbine to the rear of said chamber 5.
  • the low pressure rotor 7 comprises a shaft 8 coaxial and inside the shaft 3, this shaft 8 being integral with the front of a stage of fan blades 9 and several stages of blades 10 of the low pressure compressor, this shaft 8 also being integral with the rear of one or more stages of blades 11 of the low pressure turbine.
  • the kinematic chain going from the shaft 3 of the high pressure rotor to the equipment support 14 comprises a succession of shafts 16 operating inside housings 20 and connected in rotation directly or indirectly to the rotor 2. There is thus successively a first angle gear 15 at 90 ° with two bevel gears, a first transmission shaft 16a perpendicular to the shaft 3, a second angle gear 17 at 90 ° with two bevel gears, and a second parallel transmission shaft 16b to the shaft 3 and rotating one of the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14.
  • Different equipment, such as a starter or oil or fuel pumps are connected to the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14. Due to difficult operating conditions, the components turning 16 of the kinematic chain operate inside sealed casings 20 and are lubricated by oil or oil mists.
  • the low pressure rotor 7 is directly accessible from outside the engine from the front or from the rear, and the stepwise rotation of said low pressure rotor is simply done by hand.
  • the high pressure rotor 2 is not directly accessible from outside the engine, and the stepwise rotation of said rotor 2 is carried out by driving one of the shafts 16 by hand.
  • the equipment support 14 comprises a casing 20c surrounding and supporting a plurality of shafts and pinions 16c meshing with each other.
  • the shaft referenced 16b in FIG. 1 transmits the movement to one of the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14 by means of a coupling generally of the fluted type 21. This movement is transmitted gradually. with different trees and gables 16c.
  • An opening 22 in the casing 20c is arranged opposite the end of a shaft 16c and is closed by a removable cover 23, while a non-circular bore, for example square 24 is arranged in the geometric axis 25 and at the end 26 of the shaft 16c.
  • a drive shaft 30 of geometric axis 31 aligned on the axis geometric 25 is held by a support 32 opposite the end 26 of the shaft 16c.
  • the shaft 30 ends on the side of the shaft 16c by a non-circular male end piece 33 of shape complementary to that of the bore 24 and capable of being introduced into this bore by a translation of the shaft 30 in the direction of the shaft 16c along the geometric axis 31.
  • the end piece 33 and the bore 24 constitute a disengageable coupling which will be generally referenced 34.
  • the drive shaft 30 is guided in translation and rotation by a bearing 35 located in its middle part. This guidance is sufficient when the end piece 33 is introduced into the bore 24, that is to say when the shaft 31 is in the engaged position.
  • the shaft 31 will also be guided by a second bearing 36 which can be reduced to a simple bore in the support 32, the shaft 31 being supported in this bearing 36 by the outermost parts of the end cap 33.
  • the shaft 30 has in its middle part a shoulder 37 against which the end of a helical spring 38 surrounding the shaft 31 abuts, while the other end of the spring 38 bears against the support 32.
  • the shoulder 37 can also be constituted by a circlip.
  • the spring 38 pushes the shaft 31 outwards in the disengaged position, the spring 38 and the shoulder 37 more generally constituting an automatic disengagement means 39 of the coupling 34.
  • the shaft 30 arrives by its shoulder 37 abutting against the bearing 35, said shoulder 37 thus ensuring an axial retention function of the shaft 30.
  • the sealing means 40 of the shaft 30 relative to the casing 20c is preferably provided by a lip seal 40a mounted in the support 32 and pressing on a circular surface 40b of the shaft 30.
  • the surface 40b will be slightly conical with a slightly smaller diameter towards the end 41 of the shaft 30 furthest from the casing 20c, this reduction in diameter being sufficient for the contact between the seal 40a and the surface 40b becomes weak or nonexistent during the manual rotation of the rotor.
  • annular teflon seal 40a loaded with graphite with a U-shaped section, the opening of which faces towards the inside of the casing parallel to the geometric axis 31 of the shaft 30, the sealing being carried out by the support of the U-shaped wings respectively on the surface 40b in its portion of larger diameter and against the bore not referenced in which the seal 40a is disposed.
  • annular spring encloses the inner wing of the U and increases the pressure exerted by the seal 40a on the surface 40b.
  • Such a seal 40a is available for example under the trade name BALSEAL.
  • a lip seal 40a with the lip facing inwards is the preferred solution, because during the operation of the turbomachine, an overpressure is created inside the casing 20c which presses said lip on the surface 40b, which improves the tightness and reliability of the present device. Conversely when stopped, the overpressure no longer exists, the support of the lip of the seal 40a on the surface 40b is released, which reduces the friction of the sealing means 40 and facilitates the operation of the shaft 30.
  • the reliability of the seal 40 is further improved by the taper of the surface 40b. Indeed, when the shaft 30 is actuated to rotate the shaft 16c, it is necessary to push the shaft 30 into the casing to couple it to the shaft 16c, the seal 40a then being on the surface 40b towards the end 41 of the shaft 31, the cylindrical surface 40b having a smaller diameter towards the end 41, the seal 40a no longer pressing only weakly or not at all on the surface 40b, the seal 40a no longer risking being damaged or worn by the rotation of the shaft 30 or the radial movement of this shaft 30 resulting from the play on the bearings 35 and 36.
  • the support 32 will advantageously include a base 45 positioned in the bore 22a and the external face 22b of the opening 22, and a cylinder 46, one end 46a of which is positioned on the base 45 while its other end 46b furthest from the exterior of the casing 20c receives the sealing means 40.
  • the bearing 36 is positioned in the base 45 and the bearing 35 in the cylinder 46, the spring 38 bearing on the base 45.
  • the base 45 is statically sealed relative to the casing 20a, and the cylinder 46 is sealed relative to the base 45 for example by simple O-rings.
  • the cylinder 46 surrounds the middle part of the shaft 33, the bearing 35 and the automatic declutching means 39, and thus ensures the protection of these members.
  • the support 32 is fixed to the casing 20c, for example by screws not shown, as would be the cover of the prior art.
  • the end 41 of the shaft 30 has a non-circular bore 50, for example square, and centered on its geometric axis 31. This bore makes it possible to couple a removable preemption means of the shaft 30, for example a spanner standard pawl or flywheel not shown, to operate this shaft 30.
  • the end 41 of the shaft 31 protruding from the cylinder 46 will be protected by a removable cap 51, fixed on the cylinder 46, and at least dustproof relative to this cylinder 46.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Abstract

The turbine has a housing containing a shaft connected to its rotor, and an aperture (22) for a manual drive shaft (30) with a detachable support (32), and a coupling (34) between the shafts which can be disengaged by a spring (38). The manual drive shaft has a seal (40) between the support and a portion of the shaft (30) with a tapering section, so that the seal separates from the shaft as it is moved into its engaged position. The outer end of the shaft (30) is covered by a removable sealing cap (51).

Description

L'invention se rapporte à une turbomachine, et plus particulièrement à un moyen d'entraîner manuellement la rotation du rotor pour le contrôle par endoscopie des aubes de ce rotor.The invention relates to a turbomachine, and more particularly to a means of manually driving the rotation of the rotor for endoscopically checking the blades of this rotor.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Les turbomachines et en particulier les turbomoteurs pour aéronefs font l'objet d'inspections et de contrôles réguliers. Certaines inspections sont effectuées à l'aide d'endoscopes qui sont introduits à l'intérieur du turbomoteur par des ouvertures obturables prévues à cet effet et qui permettent un examen sans démontage de composants non visibles de l'extérieur. Pour inspecter les aubes du rotor, on introduit un endoscope dans la veine de fluide par des ouvertures obturables du carter du turbomoteur, et on amène successivement chaque aube devant l'endoscope en faisant tourner le rotor pas à pas. Cette rotation pas à pas du rotor se fait habituellement en entraînant à la main un organe tournant connecté mécaniquement au rotor.Turbomachinery and in particular turbine engines for aircraft are subject to regular inspections and controls. Certain inspections are carried out using endoscopes which are introduced inside the turbine engine through closable openings provided for this purpose and which allow examination without dismantling of components not visible from the outside. To inspect the rotor blades, an endoscope is introduced into the fluid stream through closable openings in the turbine engine housing, and each blade is brought successively to the endoscope by rotating the rotor step by step. This stepwise rotation of the rotor is usually done by manually driving a rotating member mechanically connected to the rotor.

Habituellement, on fait ainsi tourner à la main l'un des pignons du boîtier d'équipements, ce qui permet de faire tourner le rotor haute pression par l'intermédiaire de la transmission mécanique reliant en rotation le rotor aux pignons du boîtier d'équipements. On accède à ce pignon par une ouverture obturable du carter du boîtier d'équipements. Cette ouverture est généralement en bout de l'arbre du pignon, et on fait simplement tourner le pignon à l'aide d'un volant ou d'une clé à cliquet standard dont on introduit l'extrémité dans, ou sur, une portée non circulaire, par exemple carrée, aménagée à l'extrémité de l'arbre du pignon à entraîner.Usually, one of the gearboxes in the equipment box is thus rotated by hand, which makes it possible to rotate the high pressure rotor by means of the mechanical transmission connecting the rotor in rotation to the pinions of the equipment box. . This pinion is accessed by a closable opening in the casing of the equipment box. This opening is generally at the end of the pinion shaft, and the pinion is simply rotated using a handwheel or a standard ratchet, the end of which is introduced into, or onto, an unsupported seat. circular, for example square, fitted at the end of the pinion shaft to be driven.

Cette ouverture est habituellement obturée par un couvercle qu'il faut enlever puis remettre lorsque l'opération est terminée. Quelquefois, c'est un équipement qu'il faut déposer pour accéder ainsi à l'arbre transmettant le mouvement à cet équipement.This opening is usually closed by a cover which must be removed and then put back when the operation is finished. Sometimes it is a piece of equipment that must be removed in order to access the shaft transmitting the movement to this equipment.

Dans le cas où l'accès au pignon se fait par enlèvement d'un couvercle, il est arrivé que l'agent effectuant l'inspection oublie ensuite de remettre le couvercle, ce qui provoque la fuite de l'huile par l'ouverture laissé ouverte et l'épuisement rapide de la réserve d'huile de la turbomachine pendant son fonctionnement.In case the access to the pinion is done by removing a cover, it has happened that the agent carrying out the inspection then forgets to replace the cover, which causes the oil to leak out through the opening left open and the rapid exhaustion of the turbomachine oil reserve during its operation.

Cet oubli n'est guère envisageable dans le cas où il faut déposer un équipement, mais l'obligation de déposer et de remonter ensuite un équipement pour effectuer une inspection par endoscopie des aubes du rotor prend du temps, prolonge l'opération, augmente le coût de maintenance et reste de ce fait un inconvénient.This oversight is hardly possible in the case where equipment has to be removed, but the obligation to remove and then reassemble equipment to carry out endoscopic inspection of the rotor blades takes time, prolongs the operation, increases the maintenance cost and therefore remains a drawback.

On pourrait envisager de prolonger l'arbre du pignon à l'extérieur du carter et d'assurer une étanchéité entre l'arbre et le carter, ce qui permettrait d'entraîner cet arbre sans rien démonter. Cette solution présente cependant deux inconvénients :

  • 1) Du fait de la température de fonctionnement et de la fiabilité exigée, notamment dans le cas des turbomoteurs pour aéronefs; il faudrait utiliser un joint d'étanchéité du type à anneau de céramique ou de carbone qui est coûteux.
  • 2) Bien que fiable, un tel joint introduit une cause de panne supplémentaire alors que l'on exige habituellement des turbomachines un fonctionnement prolongé sans intervention.
One could consider extending the pinion shaft outside the casing and ensuring a seal between the shaft and the casing, which would allow this shaft to be driven without dismantling anything. This solution however has two drawbacks:
  • 1) Because of the operating temperature and the reliability required, in particular in the case of aircraft turbine engines; an expensive ceramic or carbon ring type seal should be used.
  • 2) Although reliable, such a seal introduces an additional cause of failure whereas turbomachines are usually required to operate for a long time without intervention.

RESUME DE l'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Pour résoudre ce problème l'invention propose d'entraîner un arbre de la turbomachine connecté en rotation au rotor, au moyen d'un arbre d'entraînement traversant la paroi du carter entourant l'arbre à entraîner, l'arbre d'entraînement et l'arbre à entraîner étant reliés entre eux par un accouplement débrayable commandé par un moyen de débrayage automatique. Un moyen d'étanchéité au moins statique, efficace au moins en position débrayée, est disposée entre l'arbre d'entraînement et le carter. L'arbre d'entraînement sera actionné en rotation par son extrémité à l'extérieur du carter.To solve this problem, the invention proposes to drive a shaft of the turbomachine connected in rotation to the rotor, by means of a drive shaft passing through the wall of the casing surrounding the shaft to be driven, the drive shaft and the shaft to be driven being interconnected by a disengageable coupling controlled by an automatic declutching means. An at least static sealing means, effective at least in the disengaged position, is disposed between the drive shaft and the casing. The drive shaft will be rotated by its end outside of the housing.

On comprend qu'une telle disposition permet de faire tourner manuellement le rotor sans ouvrir le carter. L'accouplement commandé par un débrayage automatique garantit que l'arbre d'entraînement restera immobile pendant le fonctionnement de la turbomachine, et le moyen d'étanchéité au moins statique associée à ces moyens précédents évite de façon fiable et peu coûteuse les pertes d'huile qui pourraient résulter d'un mécanisme mobile traversant la paroi du carter.It is understood that such an arrangement makes it possible to manually rotate the rotor without opening the casing. The coupling controlled by an automatic clutch ensures that the drive shaft will remain stationary during the operation of the turbomachine, and the at least static sealing means associated with these preceding means reliably and inexpensively avoids losses of oil which could result from a mobile mechanism passing through the wall of the casing.

Avantageusement, l'arbre d'entraînement, le moyen de débrayage automatique et le moyen d"étanchéité au moins statique sont montés sur un support amovible fixé au carter sur l'ouverture permettant d'atteindre l'arbre à entraîner. Cette disposition est peu coûteuse et peut être substituée au couvercle de l'art antérieur sans modification du carter, ce qui permet à peu de frais d'appliquer rétroactivement l'invention aux turbomachines déja en service.Advantageously, the drive shaft, the automatic declutching means and the at least static sealing means are mounted on a removable support fixed to the casing on the opening making it possible to reach the shaft to be driven. This arrangement is little expensive and can be substituted for the cover of the prior art without modification of the casing, which allows inexpensively to apply the invention retroactively to turbomachines already in service.

Avantageusement, l'arbre d'entraînement sera coaxial à l'arbre à entraîner, ce qui simplifie l'accouplement dont le débrayage automatique peut être assuré par un ressort repoussant l'arbre d'entraînement vers l'extérieur.Advantageously, the drive shaft will be coaxial with the shaft to be driven, which simplifies coupling, the automatic disengagement of which can be ensured by a spring pushing the drive shaft outwards.

DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESDESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

L'invention sera mieux comprise et les avantages qu'elle procure apparaîtront plus clairement au vu d'un exemple détaillé de réalisation et des figures annexées :The invention will be better understood and the advantages which it provides will appear more clearly in the light of a detailed example of embodiment and of the appended figures:

La figure 1 est une vue en coupe simplifiée d'une turbomachine du type turbofan à double corps et double flux montrant la chaîne cinématique depuis le rotor jusqu'à la boite d'engrenages.Figure 1 is a simplified sectional view of a turbofan type turbofan double body and double flow showing the kinematic chain from the rotor to the gearbox.

La figure 2 illustre un exemple de l'état de la technique.FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the state of the art.

La figure 3 illustre un exemple de mise en oeuvre de l'invention.FIG. 3 illustrates an example of implementation of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEEDETAILED DESCRIPTION

On se reportera en premier lieu à la figure 1. Dans cet exemple, la turbomachine 1 est un turbofan à double corps et double flux d'un type bien connu et couramment utilisé pour propulser les avions de transport. On ne décrira de ce fait que les parties de la turbomachine 1 en rapport avec l'invention. Le rotor haute pression 2 comporte un arbre 3 solidaire de plusieurs étages d'aubes 4 du compresseur haute pression à l'avant de la chambre de combustion 5, et solidaire d'un ou plusieurs étages d'aubes 6 de la turbine à l'arrière de ladite chambre 5. Le rotor basse pression 7 comporte un arbre 8 coaxial et intérieur à l'arbre 3, cet arbre 8 étant solidaire à l'avant d'un étage d'aubes fan 9 et de plusieurs étages d'aubes 10 du compresseur basse pression, cet arbre 8 étant aussi solidaire à l'arrière de un ou plusieurs étages d'aubes 11 de la turbine basse pression. La chaîne cinématique allant de l'arbre 3 du rotor haute pression au support d'équipements 14 comporte une succession d'arbres 16 fonctionnant à l'intérieur de carters 20 et connectés en rotation directement ou indirectement au rotor 2. On trouve ainsi successivement un premier renvoi d'angle 15 à 90° à deux engrenages coniques, un premier arbre de transmission 16a perpendiculaire à l'arbre 3, un second renvoi d'angle 17 à 90° à deux engrenages coniques, et un second arbre de transmission 16b parallèle à l'arbre 3 et entraînant en rotation l'un des arbres et pignons 16c du support d'équipements 14. Différents équipements, tels un démarreur ou des pompes à huile ou à carburant sont connectés aux arbres et pignons 16c du support d'équipement 14. Du fait des conditions de fonctionnement difficiles, les composants tournants 16 de la chaîne cinématique fonctionnent à l'intérieur de carters 20 étanches et sont lubrifiés par huile ou brouillards d'huile.Reference will firstly be made to FIG. 1. In this example, the turbomachine 1 is a double-body, double-flow turbofan of a well-known type commonly used to propel transport aircraft. This will only describe the parts of the turbomachine 1 related to the invention. The high pressure rotor 2 comprises a shaft 3 secured to several stages of blades 4 of the high pressure compressor at the front of the combustion chamber 5, and secured to one or more stages of blades 6 from the turbine to the rear of said chamber 5. The low pressure rotor 7 comprises a shaft 8 coaxial and inside the shaft 3, this shaft 8 being integral with the front of a stage of fan blades 9 and several stages of blades 10 of the low pressure compressor, this shaft 8 also being integral with the rear of one or more stages of blades 11 of the low pressure turbine. The kinematic chain going from the shaft 3 of the high pressure rotor to the equipment support 14 comprises a succession of shafts 16 operating inside housings 20 and connected in rotation directly or indirectly to the rotor 2. There is thus successively a first angle gear 15 at 90 ° with two bevel gears, a first transmission shaft 16a perpendicular to the shaft 3, a second angle gear 17 at 90 ° with two bevel gears, and a second parallel transmission shaft 16b to the shaft 3 and rotating one of the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14. Different equipment, such as a starter or oil or fuel pumps are connected to the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14. Due to difficult operating conditions, the components turning 16 of the kinematic chain operate inside sealed casings 20 and are lubricated by oil or oil mists.

Le rotor basse pression 7 est directement accessible depuis l'extérieur du moteur par l'avant ou par l'arrière, et la rotation pas à pas dudit rotor basse pression se fait simplement à la main. Au contraire, le rotor haute pression 2 n'est pas directement accessible depuis l'extérieur du moteur, et la rotation pas à pas dudit rotor 2 s'effectue en entraînant à la main l'un des arbres 16.The low pressure rotor 7 is directly accessible from outside the engine from the front or from the rear, and the stepwise rotation of said low pressure rotor is simply done by hand. On the contrary, the high pressure rotor 2 is not directly accessible from outside the engine, and the stepwise rotation of said rotor 2 is carried out by driving one of the shafts 16 by hand.

On se reportera maintenant à la figure 2. Le support d'équipements 14 comporte un carter 20c entourant et supportant une pluralité d'arbres et pignons 16c s'engrenant entre eux. L'arbre référencé 16b sur la figure 1 transmet le mouvement à l'un des arbres et pignons 16c du support d'équipements 14 par l'intermédiaire d'un accouplement généralement du type à cannelures 21. Ce mouvement se transmet de proche en proche aux différents arbres et pignons 16c. Une ouverture 22 dans le carter 20c est aménagée en regard de l'extrémité d'un arbre 16c et est obturée par un couvercle amovible 23, alors qu'un alésage non circulaire, par exemple carré 24 est aménagé dans l'axe géométrique 25 et à l'extrémité 26 de l'arbre 16c.
Ainsi, pour faire tourner manuellement et pas à pas le rotor haute pression et amener successivement chaque aube 4 ou 6 devant un endoscope, il faut démonter le couvercle 23, introduire un volant ou une manivelle à embout carré dans l'alésage carré 24 et actionner ledit volant ou ladite manivelle. Si l'on oublie ensuite de remettre le couvercle 23, l'huile distribuée à l'intérieur du carter 20c pendant le fonctionnement de la turbomachine s'échappe par l'ouverture 22, ce qui provoque l'épuisement rapide de la réserve d'huile de la turbomachine, avec pour conséquence l'endommagement puis la panne de ladite turbomachine.Reference will now be made to FIG. 2. The equipment support 14 comprises a casing 20c surrounding and supporting a plurality of shafts and pinions 16c meshing with each other. The shaft referenced 16b in FIG. 1 transmits the movement to one of the shafts and pinions 16c of the equipment support 14 by means of a coupling generally of the fluted type 21. This movement is transmitted gradually. with different trees and gables 16c. An opening 22 in the casing 20c is arranged opposite the end of a shaft 16c and is closed by a removable cover 23, while a non-circular bore, for example square 24 is arranged in the geometric axis 25 and at the end 26 of the shaft 16c.
Thus, to rotate the high pressure rotor manually and step by step and successively bring each blade 4 or 6 in front of an endoscope, it is necessary to disassemble the cover 23, introduce a handwheel or a crank with square tip in the square bore 24 and actuate said steering wheel or said crank. If we then forget to replace the cover 23, the oil distributed inside the casing 20c during the operation of the turbomachine escapes through the opening 22, which causes the rapid depletion of the reserve of turbomachine oil, resulting in damage to and failure of said turbomachine.

On se reportera maintenant à la figure 3. Un arbre d'entraînement 30 d'axe géométrique 31 aligné sur l'axe géométrique 25 est maintenu par un support 32 en regard de l'extrémité 26 de l'arbre 16c. L'arbre 30 se termine du côté de l'arbre 16c par un embout non circulaire male 33 de forme complémentaire à celle de l'alésage 24 et susceptible d'être introduit dans cette alésage par une translation de l'arbre 30 en direction de l'arbre 16c suivant l'axe géométrique 31. On comprend que l'embout 33 et l'alésage 24 constituent un accouplement débrayable que l'on référencera d'une façon générale 34.
L'arbre d'entraînement 30 est guidé en translation et rotation par un palier 35 situé dans sa partie médiane. Ce guidage est suffisant lorsque l'embout 33 est introduit dans l'alésage 24, c'est à dire lorsque l'arbre 31 est en position embrayé. Avantageusement, on guidera aussi l'arbre 31 par un second palier 36 qui peut se réduire à un simple alésage dans le support 32, l'arbre 31 s'appuyant dans ce palier 36 par les parties les plus à l'extérieur de l'embout 33.We will now refer to FIG. 3. A drive shaft 30 of geometric axis 31 aligned on the axis geometric 25 is held by a support 32 opposite the end 26 of the shaft 16c. The shaft 30 ends on the side of the shaft 16c by a non-circular male end piece 33 of shape complementary to that of the bore 24 and capable of being introduced into this bore by a translation of the shaft 30 in the direction of the shaft 16c along the geometric axis 31. It is understood that the end piece 33 and the bore 24 constitute a disengageable coupling which will be generally referenced 34.
The drive shaft 30 is guided in translation and rotation by a bearing 35 located in its middle part. This guidance is sufficient when the end piece 33 is introduced into the bore 24, that is to say when the shaft 31 is in the engaged position. Advantageously, the shaft 31 will also be guided by a second bearing 36 which can be reduced to a simple bore in the support 32, the shaft 31 being supported in this bearing 36 by the outermost parts of the end cap 33.

L'arbre 30 comporte dans sa partie médiane un épaulement 37 contre lequel vient s'appuyer l'extrémité d'un ressort hélicoïdal 38 entourant l'arbre 31, alors que l'autre extrémité du ressort 38 s'appuie contre le support 32. L'épaulement 37 peut être aussi constitué par un circlips. Le ressort 38 repousse l'arbre 31 vers l'extérieur en position débrayée, le ressort 38 et l'épaulement 37 constituant plus généralement un moyen de débrayage automatique 39 de l'accouplement 34. En position débrayée, l'arbre 30 arrive par son épaulement 37 en butée contre le palier 35, ledit épaulement 37 assurant ainsi une fonction de rétention axiale de l'arbre 30.The shaft 30 has in its middle part a shoulder 37 against which the end of a helical spring 38 surrounding the shaft 31 abuts, while the other end of the spring 38 bears against the support 32. The shoulder 37 can also be constituted by a circlip. The spring 38 pushes the shaft 31 outwards in the disengaged position, the spring 38 and the shoulder 37 more generally constituting an automatic disengagement means 39 of the coupling 34. In the disengaged position, the shaft 30 arrives by its shoulder 37 abutting against the bearing 35, said shoulder 37 thus ensuring an axial retention function of the shaft 30.

Le moyen d'étanchéité 40 de l'arbre 30 par rapport au carter 20c est assurée de préférence par un joint à lèvre 40a monté dans le support 32 et appuyant sur une surface circulaire 40b de l'arbre 30. Avantageusement, la surface 40b sera légèrement conique avec un diamètre un peu plus faible vers l'extrémité 41 de l'arbre 30 la plus éloignée du carter 20c, cette réduction de diamètre étant suffisante pour que le contact entre le joint 40a et la surface 40b devienne faible ou inexistant pendant la rotation manuelle du rotor.The sealing means 40 of the shaft 30 relative to the casing 20c is preferably provided by a lip seal 40a mounted in the support 32 and pressing on a circular surface 40b of the shaft 30. Advantageously, the surface 40b will be slightly conical with a slightly smaller diameter towards the end 41 of the shaft 30 furthest from the casing 20c, this reduction in diameter being sufficient for the contact between the seal 40a and the surface 40b becomes weak or nonexistent during the manual rotation of the rotor.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, on utilisera un joint 40a annulaire en téflon chargé de graphite avec une section en U dont l'ouverture est tournée vers l'intérieur du carter parallèlement à l'axe géométrique 31 de l'arbre 30, l'étanchéité étant réalisée par l'appui des ailes en U respectivement sur la surface 40b dans sa partie de plus grand diamètre et contre l'alésage non référencé dans lequel est disposé le joint 40a. En général, un ressort annulaire non référencé enserre l'aile intérieur du U et augmente la pression exercée par le joint 40a sur la surface 40b. Un tel joint 40a est disponible par exemple sous la marque commerciale BALSEAL.In a preferred embodiment, use will be made of an annular teflon seal 40a loaded with graphite with a U-shaped section, the opening of which faces towards the inside of the casing parallel to the geometric axis 31 of the shaft 30, the sealing being carried out by the support of the U-shaped wings respectively on the surface 40b in its portion of larger diameter and against the bore not referenced in which the seal 40a is disposed. In general, an unreferenced annular spring encloses the inner wing of the U and increases the pressure exerted by the seal 40a on the surface 40b. Such a seal 40a is available for example under the trade name BALSEAL.

On comprend que pendant le fonctionnement de la turbomachine, le ressort 38 maintient l'arbre 30 en position débrayée, cet arbre 30 n'étant plus en conséquence entraîné par l'arbre 16c et restant de ce fait immobile.
Le moyen d'étanchéité 40 agit dans ces conditions d'une manière statique, ce qui lui donne une grande fiabilité malgré l'environnement sévère et autorise la mise en oeuvre de moyens peu coûteux.It is understood that during the operation of the turbomachine, the spring 38 maintains the shaft 30 in the disengaged position, this shaft 30 no longer being consequently driven by the shaft 16c and therefore remaining stationary.
The sealing means 40 acts under these conditions in a static manner, which gives it great reliability despite the harsh environment and allows the use of inexpensive means.

L'utilisation d'un joint à lèvre 40a avec la lèvre tournée vers l'intérieur est la solution préférée, car pendant le fonctionnement de la turbomachine, il se crée une surpression à l'intérieur du carter 20c qui appuie ladite lèvre sur la surface 40b, ce qui améliore l'étanchéité et la fiabilité du présent dispositif. Inversement à l'arrêt, la surpression n'existe plus, l'appui de la lèvre du joint 40a sur la surface 40b est relaché, ce qui réduit le frottement du moyen d'étanchéité 40 et facilite la manoeuvre de l'arbre 30.The use of a lip seal 40a with the lip facing inwards is the preferred solution, because during the operation of the turbomachine, an overpressure is created inside the casing 20c which presses said lip on the surface 40b, which improves the tightness and reliability of the present device. Conversely when stopped, the overpressure no longer exists, the support of the lip of the seal 40a on the surface 40b is released, which reduces the friction of the sealing means 40 and facilitates the operation of the shaft 30.

La fiabilité de l'étanchéité 40 est encore améliorée par la conicité de la surface 40b. En effet, lorsque l'on actionne l'arbre 30 pour faire tourner l'arbre 16c, il faut enfoncer l'arbre 30 dans le carter pour l'accoupler à l'arbre 16c, le joint 40a se trouvant alors sur la surface 40b vers l'extrémité 41 de l'arbre 31, la surface 40b cylindrique ayant un diamètre plus faible vers l'extrémité 41, le joint 40a n'appuyant plus que faiblement ou pas du tout sur la surface 40b, le joint 40a ne risquant plus alors d'être détérioré ou usé par la rotation de l'arbre 30 ou le débattement radial de cet arbre 30 résultant des jeux sur les paliers 35 et 36.The reliability of the seal 40 is further improved by the taper of the surface 40b. Indeed, when the shaft 30 is actuated to rotate the shaft 16c, it is necessary to push the shaft 30 into the casing to couple it to the shaft 16c, the seal 40a then being on the surface 40b towards the end 41 of the shaft 31, the cylindrical surface 40b having a smaller diameter towards the end 41, the seal 40a no longer pressing only weakly or not at all on the surface 40b, the seal 40a no longer risking being damaged or worn by the rotation of the shaft 30 or the radial movement of this shaft 30 resulting from the play on the bearings 35 and 36.

Le support 32 comportera avantageusement une embase 45 positionnée dans l'alésage 22a et la face extérieure 22b de l'ouverture 22, et un cylindre 46 dont une extrémité 46a est positionnée sur l'embase 45 alors que son autre extrémité 46b la plus à l'extérieur du carter 20c reçoit le moyen d'étanchéité 40. Le palier 36 est positionné dans l'embase 45 et le palier 35 dans le cylindre 46, le ressort 38 prenant appui sur l'embase 45. L'embase 45 est étanchée statiquement par rapport au carter 20a, et le cylindre 46 est étanché par rapport à l'embase 45 par exemple par de simples joints toriques. Le cylindre 46 entoure la partie médiane de l'arbre 33, le palier 35 et le moyen de débrayage automatique 39, et assure ainsi la protection de ces organes. Le support 32 est fixé sur le carter 20c, par exemple par des vis non représentées, comme le serait le couvercle de l'art antérieur.The support 32 will advantageously include a base 45 positioned in the bore 22a and the external face 22b of the opening 22, and a cylinder 46, one end 46a of which is positioned on the base 45 while its other end 46b furthest from the exterior of the casing 20c receives the sealing means 40. The bearing 36 is positioned in the base 45 and the bearing 35 in the cylinder 46, the spring 38 bearing on the base 45. The base 45 is statically sealed relative to the casing 20a, and the cylinder 46 is sealed relative to the base 45 for example by simple O-rings. The cylinder 46 surrounds the middle part of the shaft 33, the bearing 35 and the automatic declutching means 39, and thus ensures the protection of these members. The support 32 is fixed to the casing 20c, for example by screws not shown, as would be the cover of the prior art.

L'extrémité 41 de l'arbre 30 comporte un alésage 50 non circulaire, par exemple carré, et centré sur son axe géométrique 31. Cet alésage permet d'accoupler un moyen de préemption amovible de l'arbre 30, par exemple une clé à cliquet standard ou un volant non représentés, pour manoeuvrer cet arbre 30.The end 41 of the shaft 30 has a non-circular bore 50, for example square, and centered on its geometric axis 31. This bore makes it possible to couple a removable preemption means of the shaft 30, for example a spanner standard pawl or flywheel not shown, to operate this shaft 30.

Avantageusement, on protégera l'extrémité 41 de l'arbre 31 dépassant du cylindre 46 par un capuchon 51 amovible, fixé sur le cylindre 46, et étanché au moins à la poussière par rapport à ce cylindre 46.Advantageously, the end 41 of the shaft 31 protruding from the cylinder 46 will be protected by a removable cap 51, fixed on the cylinder 46, and at least dustproof relative to this cylinder 46.

Il est clair que la présente invention ne s'applique pas seulement au support d'équipements 14 de la turbomachine 1, mais à tout arbre 16 connecté en rotation au rotor 2 et aisément accessible de l'extérieur par une ouverture 22 dans un carter 20 entourant l'arbre 16, cette connexion en rotation devant évidemment être suffisante pour entraîner le rotor 2.It is clear that the present invention does not only apply to the equipment support 14 of the turbomachine 1, but to any shaft 16 connected in rotation to the rotor 2 and easily accessible from the outside by an opening 22 in a casing 20 surrounding the shaft 16, this rotation connection must obviously be sufficient to drive the rotor 2.

Il est clair aussi que la disposition relative et le mode d'accouplement des arbres 16 et 30 peut faire l'objet de variantes sans changer l'esprit de l'invention. Dans le cas où les arbres 16 et 30 restent alignés, on peut aussi utiliser un accouplement par crabots. On peut aussi disposer les arbres 16 et 30 parallèlement entre eux, ou rendre leurs axes géométriques 25 et 31 concourants, et utiliser un accouplement par engrenages.
L'étanchéité statique entre l'arbre 30 et le support 32 peut aussi être assurée par un épaulement conique à forte pente sur l'arbre 30 pénétrant en position débrayée dans un alésage de forme complémentaire du support 32, l'épaulement conique comportant à sa surface une rainure et un joint torique qui assure une étanchéité parfaite avec l'alésage conique sans frotter contre celui-ci pendant le débrayage.It is also clear that the relative arrangement and the mode of coupling of the shafts 16 and 30 can be subject to variants without changing the spirit of the invention. In the case where the shafts 16 and 30 remain aligned, it is also possible to use a clutch coupling. It is also possible to arrange the shafts 16 and 30 parallel to each other, or to make their geometric axes 25 and 31 concurrent, and use a gear coupling.
Static sealing between the shaft 30 and the support 32 can also be ensured by a steep conical shoulder on the shaft 30 penetrating in the disengaged position in a bore of complementary shape of the support 32, the conical shoulder comprising at its surface a groove and an O-ring which ensures a perfect seal with the tapered bore without rubbing against it during disengagement.

Claims (6)

Turbomachine équipée d'un dispositif d'entraînement manuel de son rotor (2), ladite turbomachine (1) comportant un carter (20) contenant un arbre (16) connecté en rotation audit rotor (2), ledit carter (20) comportant une ouverture (22) permettant d'atteindre l'arbre (16), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte notamment : a) un arbre d'entraînement (30) traversant la paroi du carter (20) par l'ouverture (22), cet arbre d'entrainement (30) étant tenu par un support amovible (32) monté sur l'ouverture (22), b) un moyen d'accouplement en rotation débrayable (34) des arbres (16) et (30), c) un moyen de débrayage automatique (39) dudit accouplement (34), d) un moyen d'étanchéité au moins statique (40) entre l'arbre d'entraînement (30) et la paroi du carter (20), ledit moyen d'étanchéité (40) étant actif au moins lorsque l'arbre (30) est en position débrayée. Turbomachine equipped with a manual drive device for its rotor (2), said turbomachine (1) comprising a casing (20) containing a shaft (16) connected in rotation to said rotor (2), said casing (20) comprising a opening (22) for reaching the shaft (16), characterized in that it comprises in particular: a) a drive shaft (30) passing through the wall of the casing (20) through the opening (22), this drive shaft (30) being held by a removable support (32) mounted on the opening (22 ), b) a disengageable rotating coupling means (34) of the shafts (16) and (30), c) an automatic declutching means (39) of said coupling (34), d) at least static sealing means (40) between the drive shaft (30) and the wall of the casing (20), said sealing means (40) being active at least when the shaft (30 ) is in the disengaged position. Turbomachine conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'arbre d'entraînement (30), est susceptible d'un mouvement de translation axiale et poussé en position débrayée vers l'extérieur par un ressort (38).Turbomachine according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive shaft (30) is capable of axial translational movement and pushed into the disengaged position towards the outside by a spring (38). Turbomachine conforme à la revendication 2, le moyen d'étanchéité (40) comportant un joint (40a) solidaire du support amovible (32), ledit joint (40a) appuyant sur une surface circulaire (40b) de l'arbre d'entraînement (30), caractérisé en ce que la surface circulaire (40b) est conique avec un diamètre plus faible vers l'extrémité (41) de l'arbre (30) la plus éloignée du carter (20), afin de réduire ou de supprimer le contact entre le joint (40a) et la surface (40b) pendant la rotation manuelle du rotor.Turbomachine according to claim 2, the sealing means (40) comprising a seal (40a) integral with the removable support (32), said seal (40a) pressing on a circular surface (40b) of the drive shaft ( 30), characterized in that the circular surface (40b) is conical with a smaller diameter towards the end (41) of the shaft (30) furthest from the casing (20), in order to reduce or eliminate the contact between the seal (40a) and the surface (40b) during manual rotation of the rotor. Turbomachine conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'arbre d'entraînement (30) est coaxial à l'arbre à entraîner (16), et en ce que l'accouplement s'effectue par interpénétration d'un alésage (24) non circulaire de l'arbre (16) avec un embout (33) de l'arbre (30), ledit embout (33) ayant une forme complémentaire audit alésage (24).Turbomachine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the drive shaft (30) is coaxial with the shaft to be driven (16), and in that the coupling is effected by interpenetration of a non-circular bore (24) of the shaft (16) with an end piece (33) of the shaft (30), said end piece (33 ) having a shape complementary to said bore (24). Turbomachine conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le carter (20) est le carter (20c) du support d'équipement (14).Turbomachine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the casing (20) is the casing (20c) of the equipment support (14). Turbomachine conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que l'extrémité (41) de l'arbre d'entraînement extérieure au carter (20) est recouverte par un capuchon de protection amovible (51) étanché statiquement au moins à la poussière.Turbomachine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the end (41) of the drive shaft external to the casing (20) is covered by a removable protective cap (51) statically sealed at the less to dust.
EP96401418A 1995-06-28 1996-06-27 Disengageable manual inching gear for a turbomachine Expired - Lifetime EP0754838B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9507754A FR2736092B1 (en) 1995-06-28 1995-06-28 MANUAL RELEASE CONTROL FOR THE ROTOR DRIVE OF A TURBOMACHINE
FR9507754 1995-06-28

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EP0754838A1 true EP0754838A1 (en) 1997-01-22
EP0754838B1 EP0754838B1 (en) 1999-03-10

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EP (1) EP0754838B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69601672T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2736092B1 (en)

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FR2986568A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-09 Snecma Enclosure for supporting e.g. oil pump, in gear housing of turbomotor i.e. turbojet, has sealing device sealing rotary shaft passage through wall, where sealing device includes water seal and cover for removably closing shaft passage
US8845275B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-09-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Cranking pad interlock
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EP1749979A2 (en) 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. Movement system for the inspection of a gas turbine and gas turbine equipped with such a system
EP1749979A3 (en) * 2005-08-02 2008-10-01 Nuovo Pignone S.P.A. Movement system for the inspection of a gas turbine and gas turbine equipped with such a system
EP1795713A1 (en) * 2005-12-12 2007-06-13 General Electric Company Methods and apparatus for performing engine maintenance
EP2415974A3 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-06-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Sealed rotator shaft for borescopic inspection
US8845275B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2014-09-30 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Cranking pad interlock
EP2602442A1 (en) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-12 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Cranking pad interlock
FR2986568A1 (en) * 2012-02-07 2013-08-09 Snecma Enclosure for supporting e.g. oil pump, in gear housing of turbomotor i.e. turbojet, has sealing device sealing rotary shaft passage through wall, where sealing device includes water seal and cover for removably closing shaft passage
FR3038715A1 (en) * 2015-07-07 2017-01-13 Snecma IDENTIFICATION OF SENSORS IN A TURBOMACHINE
FR3108660A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2021-10-01 Safran Aircraft Engines Rotating actuator of a turbojet rotor for an inspection and / or maintenance operation
EP4015803A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-22 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Quick access engine rotator pad
US11629648B2 (en) 2020-12-17 2023-04-18 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Quick access engine rotator pad

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69601672D1 (en) 1999-04-15
DE69601672T2 (en) 1999-09-09
FR2736092A1 (en) 1997-01-03
US5813829A (en) 1998-09-29
FR2736092B1 (en) 1997-08-01
EP0754838B1 (en) 1999-03-10

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