EP0753715A2 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0753715A2
EP0753715A2 EP96109853A EP96109853A EP0753715A2 EP 0753715 A2 EP0753715 A2 EP 0753715A2 EP 96109853 A EP96109853 A EP 96109853A EP 96109853 A EP96109853 A EP 96109853A EP 0753715 A2 EP0753715 A2 EP 0753715A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
heat exchanger
flow elements
exchanger according
housing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP96109853A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0753715B1 (en
EP0753715A3 (en
Inventor
Steffen Dipl.-Ing. Woelk (Th)
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP0753715A3 publication Critical patent/EP0753715A3/en
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Publication of EP0753715B1 publication Critical patent/EP0753715B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
    • C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • C13B25/00—Evaporators or boiling pans specially adapted for sugar juices; Evaporating or boiling sugar juices
    • C13B25/001—Evaporators or boiling pans specially adapted for sugar juices; Evaporating or boiling sugar juices with heating tubes or plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a plate-type heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a plate heat exchanger for use in the food and beverage industry has become known, for example, from DE 31 17 496 A1.
  • the latter has a plurality of distributor pipes which extend over its upper side and which in turn open into plate channels.
  • the flow is based on the downflow principle, in that the product flows through the plate channels from top to bottom.
  • Such a plate heat exchanger, designed for low flow resistance is only of limited suitability for use in the confectionery industry, where it is primarily a matter of cooking sugar-containing mixed solutions and mixtures with sugar substitutes.
  • the heat transfer from the heating medium e.g. Water vapor
  • Heat transfer area and the temperature difference between the product and the heating medium can be changed in order to achieve an optimal adaptation to the product so that even sensitive products can be gently heated.
  • a good and easy cleanability and inspection option of the product space, or similar. be given by a dead space-free design of the product space, which at the same time reduces the changeover time from one product to the other.
  • the so-called snake cooker has become established for cooking the above-mentioned products in the confectionery industry, even though it has disadvantages in terms of its size and flexibility compared to a plate heat exchanger.
  • the plate-type heat exchanger according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is easily adaptable to the product to be processed with regard to its flow length and its flow cross-section and with regard to the amount of heat to be transferred.
  • its product space is easy to clean and offers the possibility of adapting to different products.
  • Figure 1 shows a first heat exchanger in a longitudinal section in a schematic representation
  • Figure 2 shows the heat exchanger according to Figure 1 in a cross section in a schematic representation
  • Figures 3 and 4 other embodiments of the heat exchanger with modified head plates also in longitudinal sections in schematic representations.
  • the plate-type heat exchanger 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably used for heating or cooking sugar-containing solution mixtures and mixtures with sugar substitutes in the confectionery industry. For the sake of simplicity, these mixtures are referred to below as products.
  • the housing 11 of the heat exchanger 10 has a box-shaped middle part 12, which is sealed on its respective end faces with the interposition of seals, not shown, of a head plate 13, 14 each.
  • the two head plates 13, 14 are preferably connected to the central part 12 by quick fasteners, also not shown, so that an exchange of the head plates 13, 14 is possible in a relatively short time.
  • the interior 16 of the housing 11 is divided into three sub-spaces 21, 22, 23 by means of two parallel intermediate walls 19, 20 arranged parallel to the top 17 and bottom 18 of the housing 11.
  • an inlet 26, 27, 28 for a heating medium, or the like opens into one side wall 24 of the housing 11. Steam.
  • the inlets 26, 27, 28 are each arranged at the highest point of the respective subspace 21, 22, 23 near the top 17 or the intermediate walls 19, 20.
  • an outlet 31, 32, 33 for the heating medium is arranged for each partial space 21, 22, 23.
  • the outlets 31, 32, 33 are in turn arranged at the lowest point of the corresponding subspace 21, 22, 23 near the intermediate walls 19, 20 and the underside 18.
  • the arrangement of the inlets 26, 27, 28 and outlets 31, 32, 33 enables the condensed heating medium to flow out of the respective subspace 21, 22, 23 in a simple manner.
  • Each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 is part of a separate heat circuit, not shown, so that the temperature of the heating medium in each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 can be controlled or regulated separately.
  • Each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23 is penetrated by three product channels 35 which are rectangular in cross section, all of which are arranged parallel to one another, and are designed to be straight and free of undercuts.
  • the length of the product channels 35 is such that they are flush with the end faces of the central part 12 of the housing 11 or with the end plates 13, 14.
  • the width b of the product channels 35 is less than the width B of the housing 11, so that a distance remains between the product channels 35 and the side walls 24, 29 of the housing 11.
  • the height h of the product channels 35 is in each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23 for taken the same, but different from part space to part space.
  • the height h1 of the product channels 35 is the lowest in the partial space 23 facing the underside 18 of the housing 11, whereas the height h3 of the product channels 35 is greatest in the partial space 21 facing the upper side 17.
  • the height h2 of the product channels 35 lies between the heights h1 and h3. It also follows from this that the cross-sectional area of the product channels 35 in the subspace 21 is largest, while the cross-sectional area of the product channels 35 in the subspace 23 is the smallest.
  • a static mixing element 37 known per se can be introduced into each of the product channels 35.
  • This mixing element 37 which is adapted to the corresponding height h of the product channel 35, exists, for example. from a sheet metal body with protruding beads, rags or similar and ensures better mixing of the product due to the increased flow resistance.
  • the product channels 35 can be integrally connected to one another by means of the head plates 13, 14 on the end faces of the central part 12, so that a continuous product flow is achieved.
  • overflow channels 38 are formed in each of the head plates 13, 14, each of which connects two product channels 35 arranged one above the other in the central part 11.
  • a product inlet pipe 39 is arranged on one head plate 13 in the area of the bottom 18 of the housing 11, and a product outlet pipe 41 is arranged on the other head plate 14 opposite in the area of the top 17 of the housing 11.
  • the arrangement or design of the overflow channels 38 is such that the product on a meandering path, ie on the longest possible path between the inlet pipe 39 and the Outlet pipe 41 is passed through the product channels 35 in the central part 12.
  • two overflow channels 38a are formed in the top plate 13a, each of which connects four product channels 35 arranged one above the other.
  • an overflow channel 38b for two product channels 35, an overflow channel 38c for three product channels 35 and an overflow channel 38d for four product channels 35 are formed in the other head plate 14a.
  • the overflow channels 38e in the top plates 13b, 14b are designed such that all product channels 35 in the respective top plate 13b, 14b are connected to one another. This results in a further reduction in the flow path for the product compared to the second exemplary embodiment.
  • a drain valve 42 is arranged outside the housing 11 of the heat exchangers 10, 10a, 10b in the inlet pipe 39, which for the sake of simplicity is only shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which other embodiments however is also present. It is essential that the drain valve 42 is arranged at the level of the lowest of the product channels 35, or even below.
  • the same distance a is formed between the individual product channels 35.
  • a plurality of guide channels for the heating medium which are not shown in the drawing and are rectangular in cross section, are arranged.
  • the length of the guide channels corresponds at least to the width b of the product channels 35.
  • the arrangement of the guide channels is such that the heating medium is guided at right angles to the product channels 35, i.e. that the heat exchanger works in the so-called cross-flow process.
  • the heat exchangers 10, 10a, 10b described above work as follows: By means of a pump, not shown, arranged in front of the inlet pipe 39, the product is conveyed through the inlet pipe 39 into the top plate 13, 13a, 13b. Due to the delivery pressure of the pump, the product in the product channels 35 flows through the heat exchanger 10, 10a, 10b under heating and increasing pressure, the Flow path, ie its length can be influenced by means of the design described above by differently designed head plates 13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b. This means that the flow path is the longest for the heat exchanger 10 designed according to FIGS. 1 and 2, but is shortest for the heat exchanger 10b designed according to FIG. 4.
  • the temperature increase of the product is highest in the first exemplary embodiment, but the lowest in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, at the same temperatures of the heating medium in the corresponding subspaces 21, 22, 23. Since each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 is part of a separately controllable and controllable heating circuit, it is possible, for example. to provide the lowest temperature in the lower compartment 23, the highest in the upper compartment 21, however, so that the product is heated particularly gently. This can be particularly the case when using heat-sensitive additives, such as. of milk can be beneficial. It is of course also possible, for example. also combine two of the three heating circuits into one heating circuit with the same temperature of the heat transfer medium.
  • the height h3 of the product channels 35 in the subspace 21 assigned to the outlet pipe 41 is greater than the height h1 of the product channels 35 in the subspace 23 assigned to the inlet pipe 38, since the volume of the product increases with increasing temperature and increased during the transition to the two-phase region (steam and concentrate), this would otherwise lead to an increasing flow velocity of the product if the height h of the product channels 35 remains constant over the flow path. This in turn would have the consequence that. the residence time of the product in subspace 21 and thus the possible temperature increase of the product would be much less than for example. in subspace 23, in which the product has a smaller volume.
  • the heat exchangers described above can be cleaned particularly easily after disassembly of the head plates and any mixing elements present in the product channels, since the product channels are designed to be straight and free of undercuts. Due to the formation of the product channels, the changeover time between two different products or the recommissioning time can be reduced. relatively low after a break in production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Heat exchanger (10) heats, cooks or boils a confection, pref. a solution containing a sugar or sugar substitutes. Ends of the casing (11) are closed by head plates (13, 14). Inlets (26, 27, 28) and outlets (31, 32, 33) are provided for thermal medium. In the internal volume (16), parallel, rectangular flow channel sections (35) carry the prod., their ends sealed into the head plates. In the new design, separators (19, 20) divide the internal volume into compartments (21, 22, 23). The length of the prod. flow-path in the heat exchanger is determined by the construction of the interchangeable head plates (13, 14). Channel sections (35) with product inlets (39), have smaller height (h) and cross sectional area than channel sections (35) with product outlets (41).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Wärmetauscher in Plattenbauweise nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein derartiger Plattenwärmetauscher für den Einsatz in der Nahrungs- und Genußmittelindustrie ist beispielsweise aus der DE 31 17 496 A1 bekannt geworden. Um den Fließwiderstand des viskosen Produkts zu reduzieren weist dieser mehrere sich über dessen Oberseite erstreckende Verteilerrohre auf, die ihrerseits in Plattenkanälen münden. Der Durchfluß erfolgt im Fallstromprinzip, indem das Produkt von oben nach unten die Plattenkanäle durchströmt. Ein derartiger, auf geringen Fließwiderstand ausgelegter Plattenwärmetauscher ist für den Einsatz in der Süßwarenindustrie, wo es hauptsächlich um das Kochen von zuckerhaltigen Lösungsgemischen und Gemischen mit Zuckerersatzstoffen geht, nur bedingt geeignet. Dort ist es wünschenswert, einerseits die Länge des Fließweges des Produktes im Wärmetauscher auf einfache Weise verändern zu können, damit dieser eine gewünschte, dem jeweiligen Produkt und der Durchflußmenge angepasste Länge und somit Verweilzeit aufweist. Zum anderen sollte auch die Wärmeübertragung vom Heizmedium, bsw. Wasserdampf, auf das Produkt in vielfältiger Weise bzgl. der Wärmeübertragungsfläche und der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen dem Produkt und dem Heizmedium veränderbar sein, um eine optimale Anpassung an das Produkt zu erreichen, damit auch empfindliche Produkte schonend erhitzt werden können. Weiterhin sollte aus lebensmittelhygienischen Gründen eine gute und einfache Reinigbarkeit und Inspektionsmöglichkeit des Produktraumes, bsw. durch eine totraumfreie Gestaltung des Produktraumes gegeben sein, die gleichzeitig die Umrüstzeit vom einen auf das andere Produkt reduziert. Aus dem Grund der einfachen Reinigbarkeit hat sich zum Kochen von o.g. Produkten in der Süßwarenindustrie der sogenannte Schlangenkocher durchgesetzt, obwohl dieser hinsichtlich seiner Baugröße und seiner Flexibilität im Vergleich zu einem Plattenwärmetauscher Nachteile aufweist.The invention is based on a plate-type heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a plate heat exchanger for use in the food and beverage industry has become known, for example, from DE 31 17 496 A1. In order to reduce the flow resistance of the viscous product, the latter has a plurality of distributor pipes which extend over its upper side and which in turn open into plate channels. The flow is based on the downflow principle, in that the product flows through the plate channels from top to bottom. Such a plate heat exchanger, designed for low flow resistance, is only of limited suitability for use in the confectionery industry, where it is primarily a matter of cooking sugar-containing mixed solutions and mixtures with sugar substitutes. There it is desirable, on the one hand, to be able to change the length of the flow path of the product in the heat exchanger in a simple manner, so that the latter has a desired length and thus residence time which is adapted to the respective product and the flow rate. On the other hand, the heat transfer from the heating medium, e.g. Water vapor, on the product in various ways Heat transfer area and the temperature difference between the product and the heating medium can be changed in order to achieve an optimal adaptation to the product so that even sensitive products can be gently heated. Furthermore, for reasons of food hygiene, a good and easy cleanability and inspection option of the product space, or similar. be given by a dead space-free design of the product space, which at the same time reduces the changeover time from one product to the other. For the reason that it is easy to clean, the so-called snake cooker has become established for cooking the above-mentioned products in the confectionery industry, even though it has disadvantages in terms of its size and flexibility compared to a plate heat exchanger.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher in Plattenbauart mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß er auf einfache Weise hinsichtlich seiner Durchflußlänge und seines Durchflußquerschnittes sowie hinsichtlich der zu übertragenden Wärmemenge an das jeweils zu verarbeitende Produkt anpassbar ist. Darüberhinaus ist sein Produktraum auf einfache Art reinigbar und bietet die Möglichkeit der Anpassung an verschiedene Produkte.The plate-type heat exchanger according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is easily adaptable to the product to be processed with regard to its flow length and its flow cross-section and with regard to the amount of heat to be transferred. In addition, its product space is easy to clean and offers the possibility of adapting to different products.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der Beschreibung. Eine besonders gute Anpassung und eine schonende Erwärmung des Produktes ist möglich, wenn die Wärmekreisläufe getrennt steuer- und regelbar sind, so daß die Teilräume bsw. unterschiedliche Temperaturen aufweisen. Eine weitere einfache Anpassungsmöglichkeit besteht in der Variation der Abstände der Produktkanäle zueinander. Durch eine Änderung der Höhe bzw. des Strömungsquerschnitts der Produktkanäle kann die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Produkts im Wärmetauscher angepasst werden. Eine weitere Optimierung an das jeweils zu verarbeitende Produkt ist durch eine Integration von statischen Mischelementen in die Produktkanäle möglich.Further advantages and advantageous developments of the heat exchanger according to the invention result from the subclaims and the description. A particularly good adaptation and gentle heating of the product is possible if the heating circuits can be controlled and regulated separately, so that the subspaces bsw. have different temperatures. Another simple adjustment option is to vary the distances between the product channels. By changing the height or the flow cross section of the product channels, the flow rate of the product in the heat exchanger can be adjusted. Further optimization of the product to be processed is possible by integrating static mixing elements into the product channels.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Figur 1 zeigt einen ersten Wärmetauscher in einem Längsschnitt in schematischer Darstellung, Figur 2 den Wärmetauscher nach Figur 1 in einem Querschnitt in schematischer Darstellung und die Figuren 3 und 4 andere Ausführungsbeispiele des Wärmetauschers mit modifizierten Kopfplatten ebenfalls in Längsschnitten in schematischen Darstellungen.Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Figure 1 shows a first heat exchanger in a longitudinal section in a schematic representation, Figure 2 shows the heat exchanger according to Figure 1 in a cross section in a schematic representation and Figures 3 and 4 other embodiments of the heat exchanger with modified head plates also in longitudinal sections in schematic representations.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Der in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte Wärmetauscher 10 in Plattenbauweise dient bevorzugt zum Erwärmen bzw. Kochen von zuckerhaltigen Lösungsgemischen und Gemischen mit Zuckerersatzstoffen in der Süßwarenindustrie. Diese Gemische werden im folgenden der Einfachheit halber als Produkt bezeichnet. Das Gehäuse 11 des Wärmetauschers 10 weist ein kastenförmiges Mittelteil 12 auf, das an seinen jeweiligen Stirnseiten unter Zwischenlage nicht dargestellter Dichtungen von je einer Kopfplatte 13, 14 dicht verschlossen ist. Die beiden Kopfplatten 13, 14 sind bevorzugt mit ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Schnellverschlüssen mit dem Mittelteil 12 verbunden, so daß ein Austausch der Kopfplatten 13, 14 in relativ kurzer Zeit möglich ist.The plate-type heat exchanger 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is preferably used for heating or cooking sugar-containing solution mixtures and mixtures with sugar substitutes in the confectionery industry. For the sake of simplicity, these mixtures are referred to below as products. The housing 11 of the heat exchanger 10 has a box-shaped middle part 12, which is sealed on its respective end faces with the interposition of seals, not shown, of a head plate 13, 14 each. The two head plates 13, 14 are preferably connected to the central part 12 by quick fasteners, also not shown, so that an exchange of the head plates 13, 14 is possible in a relatively short time.

Der Innenraum 16 des Gehäuses 11 ist mittels zweier, parallel zu der Ober- 17 bzw. Unterseite 18 des Gehäuses 11 angeordneter, paralleler Zwischenwände 19, 20 in drei Teilräume 21, 22, 23 unterteilt. In diese Teilräume 21, 22, 23 mündet in der einen Seitenwand 24 des Gehäuses 11 jeweils ein Einlaß 26, 27, 28 für ein Heizmedium, bsw. Wasserdampf. Die Einlässe 26, 27, 28 sind jeweils an der höchsten Stelle des jeweiligen Teilraums 21, 22, 23 nahe der Oberseite 17 bzw. der Zwischenwände 19, 20 angeordnet. In der anderen Seitenwand 29 des Gehäuses 11 ist für jeden Teilraum 21, 22, 23 jeweils ein Auslaß 31, 32, 33 für das Heizmedium angeordnet. Die Auslässe 31, 32, 33 sind wiederum an der jeweils tiefsten Stelle des entsprechenden Teilraums 21, 22, 23 nahe der Zwischenwände 19, 20 bzw. der Unterseite 18 angeordnet. Durch die Anordnung der Ein- 26, 27, 28 bzw. Auslässe 31, 32, 33 wird ein einfaches Abfließen des kondensierten Heizmediums aus dem jeweiligen Teilraum 21, 22, 23 ermöglicht.The interior 16 of the housing 11 is divided into three sub-spaces 21, 22, 23 by means of two parallel intermediate walls 19, 20 arranged parallel to the top 17 and bottom 18 of the housing 11. In each of these partial spaces 21, 22, 23, an inlet 26, 27, 28 for a heating medium, or the like, opens into one side wall 24 of the housing 11. Steam. The inlets 26, 27, 28 are each arranged at the highest point of the respective subspace 21, 22, 23 near the top 17 or the intermediate walls 19, 20. In the other side wall 29 of the housing 11, an outlet 31, 32, 33 for the heating medium is arranged for each partial space 21, 22, 23. The outlets 31, 32, 33 are in turn arranged at the lowest point of the corresponding subspace 21, 22, 23 near the intermediate walls 19, 20 and the underside 18. The arrangement of the inlets 26, 27, 28 and outlets 31, 32, 33 enables the condensed heating medium to flow out of the respective subspace 21, 22, 23 in a simple manner.

Jeder der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 ist Bestandteil eines nicht näher dargestellten, separaten Wärmekreislaufes, so daß die Temperatur des Heizmediums in jedem der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 getrennt steuer- bzw. regelbar ist.Each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 is part of a separate heat circuit, not shown, so that the temperature of the heating medium in each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 can be controlled or regulated separately.

Jeder der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 ist von jeweils drei im Querschnitt rechteckigen Produktkanälen 35 durchsetzt, die alle zueinander parallel angeordnet, sowie geradlinig und hinterschneidungsfrei ausgebildet sind. Die Länge der Produktkanäle 35 ist derart, daß diese mit den Stirnseiten des Mittelteils 12 des Gehäuses 11 bzw. mit den Stirnplatten 13, 14 bündig abschließen. Die Breite b der Produktkanäle 35 ist geringer als die Breite B des Gehäuses 11, so daß zwischen den Produktkanälen 35 und den Seitenwänden 24, 29 des Gehäuses 11 ein Abstand bleibt. Die Höhe h der Produktkanäle 35 ist in jedem der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 für sich genommen gleich, jedoch von Teilraum zu Teilraum unterschiedlich. In dem der Unterseite 18 des Gehäuses 11 zugewandten Teilraum 23 ist die Höhe h1 der Produktkanäle 35 am geringsten, wogegen die Höhe h3 der Produktkanäle 35 in dem der Oberseite 17 zugewandten Teilraum 21 am größten ist. In dem mittleren Teilraum 22 liegt die Höhe h2 der Produktkanäle 35 zwischen den Höhen h1 und h3. Daraus ergibt sich auch, daß die Querschnittsfläche der Produktkanäle 35 im Teilraum 21 am größten, die Querschnittsfläche der Produktkanäle 35 im Teilraum 23 hingegen am geringsten ist.Each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23 is penetrated by three product channels 35 which are rectangular in cross section, all of which are arranged parallel to one another, and are designed to be straight and free of undercuts. The length of the product channels 35 is such that they are flush with the end faces of the central part 12 of the housing 11 or with the end plates 13, 14. The width b of the product channels 35 is less than the width B of the housing 11, so that a distance remains between the product channels 35 and the side walls 24, 29 of the housing 11. The height h of the product channels 35 is in each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23 for taken the same, but different from part space to part space. The height h1 of the product channels 35 is the lowest in the partial space 23 facing the underside 18 of the housing 11, whereas the height h3 of the product channels 35 is greatest in the partial space 21 facing the upper side 17. In the central subspace 22, the height h2 of the product channels 35 lies between the heights h1 and h3. It also follows from this that the cross-sectional area of the product channels 35 in the subspace 21 is largest, while the cross-sectional area of the product channels 35 in the subspace 23 is the smallest.

Um eine bessere Durchmischung des die Produktkanäle 35 durchströmenden Produkts zu ermöglichen kann in jeden der Produktkanäle 35 ein an sich bekanntes statisches Mischelement 37 eingeführt werden. Dieses der entsprechenden Höhe h des Produktkanals 35 angepasste Mischelement 37 besteht bsw. aus einem Blechkörper mit abstehenden Sicken, Lappen o.ä. und sorgt durch den erhöhten Strömungswiderstand für eine bessere Durchmischung des Produkts.In order to enable better mixing of the product flowing through the product channels 35, a static mixing element 37 known per se can be introduced into each of the product channels 35. This mixing element 37, which is adapted to the corresponding height h of the product channel 35, exists, for example. from a sheet metal body with protruding beads, rags or similar and ensures better mixing of the product due to the increased flow resistance.

Die Produktkanäle 35 sind mittels der Kopfplatten 13, 14 an den Stirnseiten des Mittelteils 12 integral miteinander verbindbar, so daß ein durchgehender Produktfluß erzielt wird. Dazu sind gemäß Figur 1 in jeder der Kopfplatten 13, 14 Überströmkanäle 38 ausgebildet, die jeweils zwei übereinander im Mittelteil 11 angeordnete Produktkanäle 35 miteinander verbinden. Ferner ist an der einen Kopfplatte 13 im Bereich der Unterseite 18 des Gehäuses 11 ein Produkteintrittsrohr 39, und an der anderen Kopfplatte 14 gegenüberliegend im Bereich der Oberseite 17 des Gehäuses 11 ein Produktaustrittsrohr 41 angeordnet. Die Anordnung bzw. Ausbildung der Überströmkanäle 38 ist derart, daß das Produkt auf einem mäanderförmigen Weg, d.h. auf dem längstmöglichem Weg zwischen dem Eintrittsrohr 39 und dem Austrittsrohr 41 im Mittelteil 12 durch die Produktkanäle 35 geleitet wird.The product channels 35 can be integrally connected to one another by means of the head plates 13, 14 on the end faces of the central part 12, so that a continuous product flow is achieved. For this purpose, according to FIG. 1, overflow channels 38 are formed in each of the head plates 13, 14, each of which connects two product channels 35 arranged one above the other in the central part 11. Furthermore, a product inlet pipe 39 is arranged on one head plate 13 in the area of the bottom 18 of the housing 11, and a product outlet pipe 41 is arranged on the other head plate 14 opposite in the area of the top 17 of the housing 11. The arrangement or design of the overflow channels 38 is such that the product on a meandering path, ie on the longest possible path between the inlet pipe 39 and the Outlet pipe 41 is passed through the product channels 35 in the central part 12.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmetauschers 10a nach der Figur 3 sind in der Kopfplatte 13a zwei Überströmkanäle 38a ausgebildet, die jeweils vier übereinander angeordnete Produktkanäle 35 miteinander verbinden. Demgegenüber ist in der anderen Kopfplatte 14a ein Überströmkanal 38b für zwei Produktkanäle 35, ein Überstömkanal 38c für drei Produktkanäle 35 und ein Überströmkanal 38d für vier Produktkanäle 35 ausgebildet. Bei einer derartigen Ausbildung und Anordnung der Überströmkanäle 38a bis 38d ergibt sich ein gegenüber dem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel verkürzter Strömungsweg für das Produkt.In the exemplary embodiment of the heat exchanger 10a according to FIG. 3, two overflow channels 38a are formed in the top plate 13a, each of which connects four product channels 35 arranged one above the other. In contrast, an overflow channel 38b for two product channels 35, an overflow channel 38c for three product channels 35 and an overflow channel 38d for four product channels 35 are formed in the other head plate 14a. With such a configuration and arrangement of the overflow channels 38a to 38d, the flow path for the product is shorter than in the first exemplary embodiment.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Wärmetauschers 10b nach der Figur 4 sind die Überströmkanäle 38e in den Kopfplatten 13b, 14b so ausgebildet, daß jeweils alle Produktkanäle 35 in der jeweiligen Kopfplatte 13b, 14b miteinander verbunden sind. Dadurch ist eine weitere Reduzierung des Strömungsweges für das Produkt gegenüber dem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel gegeben.In the exemplary embodiment of the heat exchanger 10b according to FIG. 4, the overflow channels 38e in the top plates 13b, 14b are designed such that all product channels 35 in the respective top plate 13b, 14b are connected to one another. This results in a further reduction in the flow path for the product compared to the second exemplary embodiment.

Ergänzend wird darauf hingewiesen, daß durch eine geänderte Ausbildung und Anordnung der Überströmkanäle 38, 38a bis 38e sich auch anders gestaltete Wege für das Produkt ausbilden lassen, die wiederum andere Strömungslängen für das Produkt aufweisen.In addition, it is pointed out that by changing the design and arrangement of the overflow channels 38, 38a to 38e, differently designed paths for the product can be formed, which in turn have different flow lengths for the product.

Um eine einfache Entleerung der Produktkanäle 35 allein durch die Schwerkraft zu ermöglichen ist jeweils außerhalb des Gehäuses 11 der Wärmetauscher 10, 10a, 10b im Eintrittsrohr 39 ein Ablaßventil 42 angeordnet, das der Einfachheit halber lediglich in den Figuren 1 und 2 eingezeichnet ist, bei den anderen Ausführungsbeispielen jedoch ebenso vorhanden ist. Wesentlich dabei ist, daß das Ablaßventil 42 auf dem Niveau des untersten der Produktkanäle 35 angeordnet ist, oder sogar noch darunter.In order to enable easy emptying of the product channels 35 solely by gravity, a drain valve 42 is arranged outside the housing 11 of the heat exchangers 10, 10a, 10b in the inlet pipe 39, which for the sake of simplicity is only shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which other embodiments however is also present. It is essential that the drain valve 42 is arranged at the level of the lowest of the product channels 35, or even below.

Zwischen den einzelnen Produktkanälen 35 ist jeweils derselbe Abstand a ausgebildet. In den Zwischenräumen 43 zwischen den einzelnen Produktkanälen 35 sind eine Vielzahl in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellter, im Querschnitt rechteckiger Führungskanäle für das Heizmedium angeordnet. Die Länge der Führungskanäle entspricht zumindest der Breite b der Produktkanäle 35. Die Anordnung der Führungskanäle ist derart, daß das Heizmedium rechtwinklig zu den Produktkanälen 35 geführt wird, d.h. daß der Wärmetauscher im sogenannten Kreuzstromverfahren arbeitet.The same distance a is formed between the individual product channels 35. In the spaces 43 between the individual product channels 35, a plurality of guide channels for the heating medium, which are not shown in the drawing and are rectangular in cross section, are arranged. The length of the guide channels corresponds at least to the width b of the product channels 35. The arrangement of the guide channels is such that the heating medium is guided at right angles to the product channels 35, i.e. that the heat exchanger works in the so-called cross-flow process.

Ergänzend wird erwähnt, daß in der Zeichnung der Einfachheit halber in den Teilräumen 21, 22, 23 jeweils nur drei Produktkanäle 35 dargestellt sind. Tatsächlich sind jedoch je nach Einsatzfall bsw. zehn Produktkanäle 35 in jedem der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 angeordnet. Die Lage der Zwischenwände 19, 20 und somit die Größe der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 ist bevorzugt so auszulegen, daß sich in jedem der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 diesselbe Anzahl an Produktkanälen 35 befinden. Da die Höhe h der Produktkanäle 35 in jedem Teilraum 21, 22, 23 unterschiedlich ist, der Abstand a zwischen den Produktkanälen 35 jedoch stets gleich, ergeben sich so unterschiedlich große Teilräume 21, 22, 23.In addition, it is mentioned that, for the sake of simplicity, only three product channels 35 are shown in each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23. In fact, depending on the application, bsw. ten product channels 35 are arranged in each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23. The position of the intermediate walls 19, 20 and thus the size of the subspaces 21, 22, 23 should preferably be designed so that the same number of product channels 35 are located in each of the subspaces 21, 22, 23. Since the height h of the product channels 35 is different in each subspace 21, 22, 23, but the distance a between the product channels 35 is always the same, subspaces 21, 22, 23 of different sizes result.

Die oben beschriebenen Wärmetauscher 10, 10a, 10b arbeiten wie folgt: Mittels einer vor dem Eintrittsrohr 39 angeordneten, nicht dargestellten Pumpe wird das Produkt durch das Eintrittsrohr 39 in die Kopfplatte 13, 13a, 13b gefördert. Durch den Förderdruck der Pumpe durchströmt das Produkt in den Produktkanälen 35 unter Erwärmung und steigendem Druck den Wärmetauscher 10, 10a, 10b, wobei der Strömungsweg, d.h. dessen Länge mittels der oben beschriebenen Ausbildung durch verschieden gestaltete Kopfplatten 13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b beeinflußbar ist. Das bedeutet, daß der Strömungsweg bei dem gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 ausgebildeten Wärmetauscher 10 am längsten, bei dem gemäß der Figur 4 ausgebildeten Wärmetauscher 10b hingegen am kürzesten ist. Das hat zur Folge, daß bei jeweils gleichen Temperaturen des Heizmediums in den entsprechenden Teilräumen 21, 22, 23 die Temperaturerhöhung des Produkts beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel am höchsten, beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 4 hingegen am geringsten ist. Da jeder der Teilräume 21, 22, 23 Bestandteil eines separat steuer- und regelbaren Heizkreislaufs ist, ist es möglich, bsw. in dem unteren Teilraum 23 die geringste Temperatur vorzusehen, im oberen Teilraum 21 hingegen die höchste, so daß das Produkt besonders schonend erwärmt wird. Dies kann besonders bei der Verwendung hitzeempfindlicher Zusätze, wie bsw. von Milch vorteilhaft sein. Dabei ist es selbstverständlich auch möglich, bsw. auch zwei der drei Heizkreise zu einem Heizkreis, mit derselben Temperatur des Wärmeträgermediums, zusammenzufassen. Als weiterer Vorteil hat es sich erwiesen, daß die Höhe h3 der Produktkanäle 35 in dem dem Austrittsrohr 41 zugeordneten Teilraum 21 größer ist als die Höhe h1 der Produktkanäle 35 in dem dem Eintrittsrohr 38 zugeordneten Teilraum 23. Da sich das Volumen des Produkts bei steigender Temperatur und beim Übergang in das zwei-Phasen-Gebiet (Dampf und Konzentrat) erhöht, würde dies ansonsten bei über den Strömungsweg konstant großer Höhe h der Produktkanäle 35 zu einer steigenden Ströungsgeschwindigkeit des Produkts führen. Dies wiederum hätte zur Folge, daß bsw. die Verweilzeit des Produkts im Teilraum 21 und somit die mögliche Temperaturerhöhung des Produkts viel geringer wäre als bsw. im Teilraum 23, in dem das Produkt ein geringeres Volumen aufweist. Dieser Effekt kann durch eine entsprechende Auslegung der Höhe h der Produktkanäle 35 in den einzelnen Teilräumen 21, 22, 23 ausgeglichen werden. Somit kann trotz bsw. relativ geringer Temperatur des Heizmediums im Teilraum 21 noch eine Temperaturerhöhung des Produkts erzielt werden, für die ansonsten bei geringerer Höhe h3 wegen der damit verbundenen geringeren Verweilzeit des Produkts eine höhere Temperatur des Heizmediums erforderlich wäre.The heat exchangers 10, 10a, 10b described above work as follows: By means of a pump, not shown, arranged in front of the inlet pipe 39, the product is conveyed through the inlet pipe 39 into the top plate 13, 13a, 13b. Due to the delivery pressure of the pump, the product in the product channels 35 flows through the heat exchanger 10, 10a, 10b under heating and increasing pressure, the Flow path, ie its length can be influenced by means of the design described above by differently designed head plates 13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b. This means that the flow path is the longest for the heat exchanger 10 designed according to FIGS. 1 and 2, but is shortest for the heat exchanger 10b designed according to FIG. 4. As a result, the temperature increase of the product is highest in the first exemplary embodiment, but the lowest in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, at the same temperatures of the heating medium in the corresponding subspaces 21, 22, 23. Since each of the sub-rooms 21, 22, 23 is part of a separately controllable and controllable heating circuit, it is possible, for example. to provide the lowest temperature in the lower compartment 23, the highest in the upper compartment 21, however, so that the product is heated particularly gently. This can be particularly the case when using heat-sensitive additives, such as. of milk can be beneficial. It is of course also possible, for example. also combine two of the three heating circuits into one heating circuit with the same temperature of the heat transfer medium. As a further advantage, it has been found that the height h3 of the product channels 35 in the subspace 21 assigned to the outlet pipe 41 is greater than the height h1 of the product channels 35 in the subspace 23 assigned to the inlet pipe 38, since the volume of the product increases with increasing temperature and increased during the transition to the two-phase region (steam and concentrate), this would otherwise lead to an increasing flow velocity of the product if the height h of the product channels 35 remains constant over the flow path. This in turn would have the consequence that. the residence time of the product in subspace 21 and thus the possible temperature increase of the product would be much less than for example. in subspace 23, in which the product has a smaller volume. This effect can be achieved through a corresponding Interpretation of the height h of the product channels 35 in the individual compartments 21, 22, 23 can be compensated. So despite bsw. relatively low temperature of the heating medium in the subspace 21, a temperature increase of the product can be achieved, for which a higher temperature of the heating medium would otherwise be required at a lower height h3 due to the associated shorter residence time of the product.

Die oben beschriebenen Wärmetauscher lassen sich nach Demontage der Kopfplatten und eventuell in den Produktkanälen vorhandener Mischelemente besonders einfach reinigen, da die Produktkanäle geradlinig und hinterschneidungsfrei ausgebildet sind. Durch die Ausbildung der Produktkanäle ist die Umrüstzeit zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Produkten bzw. die Wiederinbetriebnahmezeit bsw. nach einer Produktionspause relativ gering.The heat exchangers described above can be cleaned particularly easily after disassembly of the head plates and any mixing elements present in the product channels, since the product channels are designed to be straight and free of undercuts. Due to the formation of the product channels, the changeover time between two different products or the recommissioning time can be reduced. relatively low after a break in production.

Claims (9)

Wärmetauscher (10, 10a, 10b) in Plattenbauweise zum Erwärmen bzw. Kochen eines Produkts, vorzugsweise eines zuckerhaltigen Lösungsgemisches oder eines Gemisches mit Zuckerersatzstoffen in der Süßwarenindustrie, mit einem Gehäuse (11), dessen Stirnseiten mittels jeweils einer Kopfplatte (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) dicht verschlossen ist und wenigstens einen Eintritt (26, 27, 28) und einen Austritt (31, 32, 33) für ein Wärmeträgermedium aufweist, und mit mehreren im Innenraum (16) des Gehäuses (11) parallel angeordneten, im Querschnitt rechteckigen Durchflußelementen (35) für das Produkt, die mit den Stirnseiten des Gehäuses (11) bündig abschließen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Innenraum (16) des Gehäuses (11) mittels wenigstens eines Trennelements (19, 20) in mehrere Teilräume (21, 22, 23) unterteilbar ausgebildet ist, daß die Länge des Strömungswegs für das Produkt im Wärmetauscher (10, 10a, 10b) entsprechend der Ausbildung der Kopfplatten (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) variabel gestaltbar ist, daß die Kopfplatten (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) austauschbar ausgebildet sind, und daß die Durchflußelemente (35), die einem Eintritt (39) des Produkts in den Wärmetauscher (10, 10a, 10b) zugeordnet sind eine geringere Höhe (h) und Querschnittsfläche aufweisen als die Durchflußelemente (35), die einem Austritt (41) des Produkts aus dem Wärmetauscher (10, 10a, 10b) zugeordnet sind.Plate-type heat exchanger (10, 10a, 10b) for heating or cooking a product, preferably a sugar-containing solution mixture or a mixture with sugar substitutes in the confectionery industry, with a housing (11), the end faces of which are each by means of a top plate (13, 13a, 13b) , 14, 14a, 14b) is tightly sealed and has at least one inlet (26, 27, 28) and one outlet (31, 32, 33) for a heat transfer medium, and in parallel with several in the interior (16) of the housing (11) arranged, cross-sectionally rectangular flow elements (35) for the product, which are flush with the end faces of the housing (11), characterized in that the interior (16) of the housing (11) by means of at least one separating element (19, 20) into several Subspaces (21, 22, 23) is designed such that the length of the flow path for the product in the heat exchanger (10, 10a, 10b) corresponds to the design of the top plates (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) is variable, that the head plates (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) are designed to be interchangeable, and that the flow elements (35), which prevent the product from entering (39) into the heat exchanger (10, 10a, 10b) are assigned a smaller height (h) and cross-sectional area than the flow elements (35) which are assigned to an outlet (41) of the product from the heat exchanger (10, 10a, 10b). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Teilräume (21, 22, 23) mit einem separat steuer- und regelbaren Wärmekreislauf für das Wärmeträgermedium gekoppelt ist.Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the sub-rooms (21, 22, 23) is coupled to a separately controllable and controllable heat circuit for the heat transfer medium. Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstände (a) zwischen den übereinander im Gehäuse (11) angeordneten Durchflußelementen (35) stets gleich groß sind.Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distances (a) between the flow elements (35) arranged one above the other in the housing (11) are always the same size. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchflußelemente (35) für das Produkt geradlinig und hinterschneidungsfrei ausgebildet sind.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the flow elements (35) for the product are straight and free of undercuts. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Durchflußelement (35), das in bezug auf den Strömungsweg des Produkts im Wärmetauscher (10, 10a, 10b) das niedrigste Niveau aufweist ein Ablaßelement (42) für das Produkt zugeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a discharge element (42) for the product is assigned to the flow element (35) which has the lowest level in relation to the flow path of the product in the heat exchanger (10, 10a, 10b) . Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kopfplatten (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) Überströmkanäle (42a bis 42e) für das Produkt aufweisen, die übereinander angeordnete Durchflußelemente (35) miteinander verbinden.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the top plates (13, 13a, 13b, 14, 14a, 14b) have overflow channels (42a to 42e) for the product, which connect flow elements (35) arranged one above the other. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedem der Teilräume (21, 22, 23) diesselbe Anzahl an Durchflußelementen (35) angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the same number of flow elements (35) is arranged in each of the subspaces (21, 22, 23). Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Durchflußelemente (35) in jedem der Teilräume (21, 22, 23) jeweils diesselbe Höhe (h1, h2, h3) bzw. dieselbe Querschnittsfläche aufweisen.Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterized in that the flow elements (35) in each of the partial spaces (21, 22, 23) each have the same height (h1, h2, h3) or the same cross-sectional area. Wärmetauscher nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in zumindest einem der Durchflußelemente (35) ein Mischelement (37) für das Produkt angeordnet ist.Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a mixing element (37) for the product is arranged in at least one of the flow elements (35).
EP96109853A 1995-07-11 1996-06-19 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0753715B1 (en)

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DE19525216 1995-07-11
DE19525216A DE19525216C1 (en) 1995-07-11 1995-07-11 Heat exchanger for confectionery industry with parallel rectangular section flow channels

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JP5395861B2 (en) * 2011-09-09 2014-01-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Channel structure and method for manufacturing channel structure
CN106288882B (en) * 2016-08-03 2019-01-29 镇江旭世机械设备有限公司 Plate heat exchanger
KR102180670B1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2020-11-20 홍주리더스 주식회사 Temparature control apparatus for cold water
JP7721776B1 (en) * 2024-12-16 2025-08-12 株式会社神鋼環境ソリューション Fluid flow path device and method for manufacturing fluid flow path device

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US6953598B2 (en) * 2001-12-28 2005-10-11 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Dairy-based candy production utilizing plate and frame assembly

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DE59606290D1 (en) 2001-02-15
DE19525216C1 (en) 1996-11-21
EP0753715A3 (en) 1997-12-03
JPH0979771A (en) 1997-03-28

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